The Iron Age 1913-10-02: Vol 92 Iss 14

Established 1855 Plant of the -~ a Company Making tt of Plates and One of the largest manufacturers of riveted pil n the Pacific Coast, equip- ged to handle tank, pipe and other work requiring material ranging from No. 24 gauge galvanized iron to and including 1j-in. plates is that of the Schaw Batcher Company, located at South San Francisco. To give some idea of its interesting arrangements, the accompa- aying plan has been sketched and a mmber of photographs have been re- produced. The plant covers 5 acres of ground on the east side of the main line of the Southern Pacific Railroad. It comprises a main building parallel to the milroad, with a spur track for the receipt of material and the despatch of finished products, and at opposite ends of Ty PAR | iwet | \ , ee ' ~ |) oe 1 ei acanee THE IRON AGE New York, October 2, 1913 Seven-Passenger Automobile Coming Through Section of 102-in. Pipe given over chiefly to making sheet met products. The spur track is 800 ft. long, giving amp space for loading and unloading cars alongside the we bay as well as in the north and south buildings, throu bay, 40 ft. wide a LYALL Ti Loi TLL Vol. 92: No. 14 Riveted Pipe Works at South San Francisco Schaw Batcher Piping and Tanks Galvanized Iron the main building a north and a building at right angles to the and each extending over the spur tracl One of these end buildings building, is used for the storage of steel plates, while in the other th terial is finished and loaded on cars shipment. The main building « all the machinery in its main or central portion, which is 60 ft. wide. It is 250 ft. long, as are the east and west Days the former 30 ft. wide, devoted largel to laying out operations, and the west . L/L Po liken by C Carried by an Overhead Crane from Cars Entering the Building at the Left to the Different Storage Piles and Thence Are 701 s to the Fabricating Shop at the Right, Reaching at the Far End the Shipping Double Punches Operated in Connection with a Spacing Table Department. At the Right May Be Seen the 702 THE IRON AGE O >. r 2.9.90 ekccaies which the siding passes, as shown in the map of the shops Crane facilities ar cou t in plant r« quiring the handling of heavy jects. Through the cente of the main building there are five overhead cranes of 40 ft. span with a clearance of 25 ft. from the floor level These crane runways are hung from the roof trusses and vertical columns extend below the level of the runways to support a supplementary runway in each case. This with a runway on the adjoining line of columns form the sup port for what may be called traveling trucks of 1o-ft. span. The truck runways have a clearance of 14 ft. and likewise extend the full length of the building with six trucks on each of them. They are intended to support material under operation at the different machines. In addition to the trucks, swinging booms are installed at different ma- chines to take care of extra long sheets under construction Both the south and the north building are provided with a 10-ton electric traveling crane serving the entire building area, which is 48 x 160 ft., and also the spur track. In general the cranes have pneumatic hoists of 5 to 10 tons capacity each, In the course of construction, the plates are taken from the south or plate storage building by the overhead crane and placed on a small flat car. They enter at the extreme end of the east lay, where they are picked up by another crane and placed on a spacing table and run through a double punch, one opposite the other. After punching for the roundabout joints, the longitudinal laps are marked and punched on single punches. The plates then pass to the planers or bevel shears to have the edges trimmed. The ends are then crimped under an 84-ton hydraulic press and swung over to a steam hammer to have the corners scarfed out to a feather edge. They are then ready to be rolled into shape and the capacity of the rolls Riveting with an 84-ton Riveter Capable of Driving 1%4x6-in. Rivets o i | a | oe ‘ | r) & , 4 | nt of the Machinery 2-in. plate. The plates, being rolled pe. are riveted up on the longitudinal seams by hori rauli iveters There are two of these riveters, eacl t 60 tons rating. The pipe is then assembled into sections ing in length from 8 to 30 ft. The girth seams are riveted } horizontal hydraulic riveters, of which there are two, of & tons each. After this operation the sections are dropped in the north shop, where they are calked and painted ar made ready for shipment. In the east bay of the main shop is located the laying out floor, the blacksmith shop and machine shop. The west bay is devoted entirely to the manufacture of sheet iron pipe, well casing, smokestacks, dredger pipe and light sheet-iron tanks. Air for the hoists, riveting and calking hammers and drills is furnished by a two-stage Franklin belt-driven com- pressor having a capacity of 619 cu. ft. of air per minute, with a final air pressure of 100 lb. In connection with the belt-driven compressor there is installed an auxiliary steam plant for emergency purposes. The four hydraulic riveters are operated in connection vith accumulators, each riveter having its own accumu- lator. The accumulators have the usual disks, allowing any number to be used, regulating the pressure to the requirements of the work. Each accumulator is connected to a double-acting belt-driven hydraulic pump. The pumps are connected: by a valved manifold allowing pumps to operate with any accumulator. All the machines through- out the shop are direct connected, and the total power to run the plant is 400 hp. A great deal of attention has been given to the lighting system of the plant, controlled from the switchboard in the engine room, which is in the east bay of the main building. Mazda lamps were installed with Holophone THE IRON AGE HTT aetename| 1] rt Lighting in the Main Shop Looking Toward the Shipping End. Double Cleveland Punches and the 56-ft. Spacing Table with Plate Storage at Left. late 1% in. in Thickness Being Rolled for 52-in. Pipe =. ow OS eee nae | ie — cee titialanheagelnn ih genre anaie BPO IF RO ns Re hte Poona 704 THE IRON AGE O. D’Olier porcelain enamel steel reflectors and range in size from 150 to 500 watts. The specialty of the Schaw Batcher Company, which has offices at 356 Market street, San Francisco, is high- pressure riveted-steel pipe. It also manufactures oil stor- age, cyanide and pressure tanks, gas holders, oil heaters, boilers, well casing and irrigating, air and light sheet iron pipe. At the present time the shop is working day and night shifts completing a contract of 5000 tons of pipe for the Pacific Gas & Electric Company for the Drum power house project, the pipe varying from 52 to 102 in. in diam- eter and from 1% to % in. in thickness. Two New Osborn Molding Machines Roll-over and Squeezer Products to Be Shown in Coming Chicago Exposition Two new molding machines have been added to the line made by the Osborn Mfg. Company, Cleveland, Ohio, and will be shown for the first time at the convention of the American Foundrymen’s Association in Chicago. One of these is an entirely new type of roll-over machine that is of special interest because of its new features and sim- plicity, and the claim that the cost of production can be largely reduced by the rapidity with which molds can be made on it. This is the upright machine illustrated in Fig. 1. The flask or core box is filled, rammed, rolled over and the pattern drawn without the operator leaving his position in front of the machine, thus eliminating the walking around from one end to the other required in old types of machines. During the entire operation there are no stops or locks to manipulate. Rolling over the mold requires the minimum effort as it revolves on its own center of gravity. As most of the weight is slightly above the center of gravity the weight helps to carry. the mold over, but does not bring it down with a jolt as the cam shown at the right of the roll-over table brings it to a gradual stop at the proper position. A screw shown in the Fig. 1—A Recently Developed Molding Machine of the Roll-Over Type illustration provides an adjustable contact point against the cam so that the desired pressure can be secured. The mold or core is rammed by hand or foot power or by both. The jolting is accomplished by depressing a second foot treadle shown at the right. This connects with a shaft extending from one side of the machine to the other, to which is fastened a lever making contact with pins extending through the frame of the machine to the trunnion head. The operation of this treadle takes little 2, [913 Fig. 2—A Portable Pneumatic Squeezer Machine wit Flask Mounted effort and does not require the molder to move from his position. It is stated that most core boxes can be sufi- ciently rammed by two or three jolts and that the ramming of many small molds can be largely expedited by a similar amount of jolting. After the flask is rolled over a slight pressure of ti foot on the treadle releases a catch and the mold receiving table is raised into position. The table is equipped with the builder’s four-pin leveling device which adjusts itself to any unevenness of the bottom board. These pins are locked simultaneously by pushing the lever a few inches to one side. An interesting feature of the table is that the counteracting spring is so located that a uniform pressure on the foot treadle is obtained throughout the stroke. The table is lowered and the core or the mold is drawn by pressing the foot treadle a second time, giving a straight gravity drop. The mold is then pulled forward clear of the machine by the sliding arms which pass through slots in the leveling pins. Various working parts are inclosed to keep out grit and sand. The machine is made in three sizes, 22, 26 and 36 in. between trunnions and each with an 8-in. pattern draw. The two larger sizes are so designed that the pattern plate can be rocked out, thus securing additional draw if needed. The other molding machine is an air squeezer, which is a substantially built machine on wheels that can be easily moved along the foundry floor. As will be seen from Fig. 2, this machine is designed to permit the free shoveling ot sand from beneath it. An important feature of this ma- chine is that the valve can be adjusted to any desired pressure from 30 to 100 Ib. per sq. in., making it to a cer- tain extent automatic in operation. As soon as the desirec compression ‘is reached the valve not only prevents addi- tional pressure, but signals the operator by the hiss 0! escaping air that the mold is finished. He then removes his hand from the valve and the machine automatically turns to its off position. This valve regulator makes 't unnecessary for the molder to watch the gauge to see when the right pressure is reached. After a mold is squeeze¢ with the desired pressure duplicate molds can be made similar hardness by setting the valve at this figure. “ae can be readily controlled by the operator increasing or ¢* creasing the amount of air. The machine is strong and substantial in construction but very simple. The maximum strength is gained = ; out unnecessary weight by having strain rods of mick® steel, thus combining lightness with strength. These Toes e : ° . sus elim- are directly connected to the cylinder casting, thu: eli ; inating all tendency to spring the machine when in ol 1s that tion. Another advantage claimed for the machine he the table is cast with a shield or apron which incas¢s © . . Ainder for 4 working parts, coming down around the cyli . inary troke distance greater than the length of the ordinary . os ‘ . nd dust. so that the working parts are not exposed to sand i tabje, ricci The machine is furnished complete with side Iy13 ng bag and sponge pockets and blow valve nection. Knee valves and vibrators are fur- ne is built in three sizes with 10, 13 and 16 in. 32, 36 and 42 in. between rods. The largest vithout a wheel base. [Improved 6-Ft. Radial Drilling Machine iversal radial drilling machine, possessing as itures a new design of arm girdle and a vel type of feed mechanism, has been brought ’reses Machine Tool Company, 227 West Mc- ie. Cincinnati, Ohio. In the construction of all of the builder’s standard features, such as ebbed arm, the friction tapping and reversing ign of 6-Ft. Radial Drilling Machine. 4 and 5 Ft. Arms and the tumbler type speed variator, have been be noticed from the accompanying engraving, omparatively high with an oil groove extending nd it. This groove drains into the side ear le. The base is strongly reinforced by in- ng. The column construction is of the well- type, and the outer one swings on the inner which extends entirely to the top. Both enlarged at the lower end, thus, it is pointed their strength and providing a means for a earing and firm and easy clamping. Reliance an annular ball bearing at the top of the to insure easy movement of the arm, while handle follows the arm and is always within perator. The arm, which is of the double s reinforced by ribbing. A shoe attached to the ts and slides between the two faces, combines 1 box when clamped. The arm is raised at | at which it is lowered, and automatic knock- ided at the top and bottom to prevent breakage. special new features of the machine is the rm girdle. The socket which receives the very far to one side, with reference to the so as to permit a long central shaft in the and also to bring the spindle closer in line nter of the column. e is reinforced on the face to receive the 1 THE IRON The Complete Line Includes Machines with AGE 795 base of the head which can be completely revolved, l is graduated for angular setting. The gearing, which is en- tirely covered, is readily accessible. The spindle is balanced by a weight, which travels only about two-thirds of the range of the spindle movement, a compound pinion ar- rangement being used. There are 21 spindle speeds avail- able. The quick advance and return device has two handles, either of which engages and disengages the feed instantly. The feed mechanism is of quite a novel design Planetary gearing and a pinion cut directly on the feed shaft causes the dial plate on the feed shaft to make a quarter of the revolution of the shaft. On the dial plate there is a fixed dog which acts upon a lever in connectiot with a clutch and automatically stops the feed eight changes in all. Ss i and these The re are There are four steps in the ] i Y | series, are regulated by the small handle at the left side of the feed shaft, while the horizontal handle above handwheel doubles them The initial driving and speed mechanism located 1 ‘ rear of the arm girdle, it is pointed out, greatly simpli fies the mstruction, as pared with one where all the located on the trave The back gears, ire of the auton transmis sion type, have three changes and are shifted by a front of the girdle starting and reversing mechanism is of the friction type, which was described in The /Jron Age Octo- ber 26, 1911, and is operated by a hanism is a” ' ' ing head whi obile small lever in The tapping, long, telescopic lever, which is al ways in reach of the workman. The speed variator I] known tumbler type changes. A self-releasing take clutch is used and the ma chine always runs at the slowest speed to decrease the momentum while changing All of the gears, which are of hardened run in an oil bath, and the teeth are of the 20-deg. involute pointed form. The pulley shaft has an annilar ball bearing to reduce the friction. This machine is also built with 4 and 5 ft. arms and can be fur nished with either the cone pulley, adjustable-speed variator drives is of the we ind has seven over- steel, motor or speed The American Blower Company, Detroit, Mich., has purchased the entire air washer interests, including patent rights, of the McCreery Engineering Company, formerly of Toledo, Ohio, and later of Detroit. The McCreery Company enjoyed a high reputation as the manufacturer of efficient air purifying apparatus. Its earlier almost exclusively confined to marine work, later entering the general ventilating field. The McCreery purifying, cooling and humidifying equipment will hereafter be ex clusively manufactured and sold by the Company under its trademark Siro ettorts were American Blower The Cleveland Castings Pattern Company, Cleveland, Ohio, has recently shipped three full separate carload lots of metal patterns for stoves and boilers. The buying of metal patterns in such large lots is unusual, and the rail roads found that they had no rates for carload lots. The Interstate Commerce Commission was appealed to and it was found that this commission had established no carload rates, so that it was necessary to pay the maximum rates The carload shipments included aluminum match plates brass master patterns and iron working patterns. The Babcock & Wilcox Company has been awarded the contract for Sterling boilers and the Westinghouse Elec- tric & Mfg. Company the contract for generators and tur- bines for the municipal lighting plant in Barberton, Ohio. Hes BA goes) nnn = eee oe ~~ =a? 1 Provisions for Employees in a Hartford Plan; Large Eating Halls a Feature of the Works of the Underwood Typewriter— ~ ‘ Sanitation Measures BY JAMES As an example of an interesting development of the provision of conveniences for employees may be cited the welfare work of the Underwood Typewriter Company at Hartford, Conn. This concern employs between 3000 and 40co men and women at its works, and turns out 500 type- writing machines per working day First of all, the company furnishes two large rooms having dimensions of 50 x 365 ft. and of 50 x &8 ft., as ‘4 aa 4% SN eee ke ks ie j 4 7 -Emergency Hospitals STEDMAN according to their contents, for 25, 50 or | ents. The are used in payment. A special menu card issued § each day, and becomes available ahead , each person may make out his card early in the morning the preceding day. In making out the card. he draws : line through each item desired. He himself has a certain number and also his seat at table. Thes: nb a nders are written on the card at places reserved for the purpose. On SO that bh ee ata bbb ba obi h ohh addi dd j Employees May Order Their Midday Meal a Day in Advance and Only the Hot Dishes Need Be Served After Their Arrival. At the Left is the Trolley Carrier of Individual Sealed Milk Glasses dining rooms. The larger one is equipped with stationary tables and revolving seats sufficient to accommodate 1300 men at one time. The seats are furnished with backs. The other, the women’s dining room, seats about 400 at once. The company furnishes the general equipment necessary, such as utensils, ranges, glassware, crockery ware, etc. A caterer is in charge. He provides cooks, waiters, etc. and supplies the foodstuffs. Relieved of such expenses as those involved in rent, equipment, etc., the caterer is able to provide substantial and wholesome food at exceedingly low rates. Thus for 10 cents, a good lunch can be obtained. The hot or cold drink will cost 2% cents; the stew or other substantial portion, 5 cents; and a dessert 2% cents. The method of making provision for a large number of persons and at the same time suiting their individual tastes is quite an efficient one, even from the point of view of economy. A book or package of stamps is sold to the patron. These are made up of 2%4-cent stamps and sell, the back of the card, he pastes the stamps necessary to P4y for the meal ordered. These cards, thus filled out a stamped, are put into a kind of letter box provided tor the purpose of their reception. The caterer is thus able t determine with some degree of certainty the amount necessary to fill the orders. It is evident that such a method enables considerable economy to be practic The writer understands that waste is small The patrons of the dining rooms come in very Pr at noon. The waiters will have previously placed at ¢* seat the cold articles ordered; hot articles are set before the employees enter or afterward. 50 per'es’ © the arrangements and the discipline that there 's prove no more noise than at the regular quick-service Pi” restaurants. Indeed, the men and girls are permutc® © remain in the dining rooms after the meal ts com A large tray about 3 x 8 ft. im area is ul wheels running overhead, on a single rail. ‘mn ‘S a temmalialt a great deal of the food may be brought to t - 706 THE IRON AGE 707 point in use. Thus, this device is especially viding a means of filling the empty glasses supported by nnection with the distribution of the milk. the perforated metal sheets. The cooling bath is simply served in a specially formed individual glass a body of water surrounding the glasses, in which there 1s been kept since morning when the supply may be a few pieces of ice. The water is continuously Each glass is protected by a paper seal. run in and out of the tank. Meats and other articles are How the Dining Room is Patronized The Milk is Kept Cool in Water i Collecting the Cuspidors The Women's Emergency re flat bottomed cylinders with an annular preserved in a special cooling ro —_ The kitchen is large und the top. The object of the flange is and commodious, and is kept quite clean and neans of support when the glasses are put Probably 40 per cent. or more ol the entire ly of arranged in a metallic sheet over a cool- employees patronize the dining rooms. [he caterer thus en the milk is delivered in the morning, a has a large and reliable volume of business. On rainy le full of it is swung by a suitable hook days, the patronage is increased. However, an employee 1 without being mpelled to pur . ay nee » dining r r the cooling tank. At the bottom of the may usc the dining |! Denne drink. * rt rubber hose may be attached, thus pro- chase food or drink. 7 ‘hat is to say, he may eat in the din- eae Sb eo 708 THE IRON AGE ing room a home-prepared lunch. He may buy a glass of milk or a cup of coffee to go with it; or he can omit all purchases. Of course, those who patronize the caterer only on rainy days and the like will have to be content with the articles available. Those, however, who order ahead, get just what they want. While attention is chiefly directed to the arrangements for dining at the works, there are two emergency hospitals One for the women has two beds and is in charge of a special attendant. A telephone supplies the means for summoning a physician when necessary, and a medicine chest, etc., for taking care of ordinary cases. Usually the physician is not required. The hospital arrangements are good. Belt Transmission of 740 hp. in Close Quarters Application of the Lenix System with 36-In. Belt and Shafts 171-2 Ft. Apart An interesting case of the transmission of a large amount of power in close quarters with a speed reduction of 5 to I is shown in the accompanying reproduction of a photograph taken in one of the largest woolen and spinning mills in Europe. It is an application of the Lenix drive, with a double leather belt 900 mm. or 36 in. wide. The photograph was obtained from the Charles A. Schieren Company, New York, which made the belt A sketch of the elevation of the transmission system has been drawn and will serve to explain the problem. It will be noted that the driving shaft is nearly 13 ft. below the driven shaft, and that the latter is off-set as regards the necessary location of the driving shaft a distance of almost 12 ft. This places the two shafts parallel to each other at a distance of 17 ft. 6 in., and to transmit the required amount of power with the speed reduction de- sired, the Lenix drive was installed. This, of course, comprehends the use of an idler held against the belting td secure the desired arc of contact. It will be noted that the Lenix pulley is hung by means of two link belts or chains, running over sprockets hung from the balcony shown above the driving shafting, and the free ends of these chains carry a series of weights, hanging in pits below the floor level, so that the upward pressure or posi- tion of the Lenix idler may be as desired, depending upon the power to be transmitted and therefore the arcs of The Lenix Drive in an Interesting Application contact between pulley faces and beltin; rdis the sketch, it would appear that the arc sae driving pulley is about 215 deg., and t! i 2 j ~ i . i 2 RV ¥ i } \ t : i i i ‘i * } , ! / Y ] f } . a = i . ~ i Elevation Showing the Cramped Quarters of the Belt Transmiss pulley about 230 deg. With a speed of the driving shaft of 600 r.p.m. and a desired speed of the driven shaft of 120 r.p.m. the diameters indicated were chosen Unnecessary Fatigue of the Worker.—A permanent museum for the collection and exhibition of devices for the elimination of unnecessary fatigue of the worker is an object to which Frank B. Gilbreth, Providence, R. L, is giving quite a little of his time. Mr. Gilbreth, who has in late years given most of his attention to the introduction of systems of industrial management and has been con- spicuous in motion studies, is quite emphatic in his belief that the horrors of over-fatigue in factories are more terrible than the horrors of accident and death, and the present movement is intended to develop into a permanent exhibit in the interests of the comfort of the working people. He is having the cooperation of professors and other members of instructing staffs of colleges and other institutions of learning who made up a summer school which Mr. Gilbreth conducted in Providence in August An array of chairs and footrests already in use for the comfort of those who must remain at their work 8 or 10 hr. a day has been collected. The imports of iron and steel into France in the frst six months of 1913 and the corresponding half of 19! amounted to 71,605 and 88,305 tons respectively, a decrease of 16,700 tons. Exports showed an increase, being 239,453 tons for the first six months, compared with 167,01° for the same period in 1912. The most noticeable features are the increase in exports of 63,734 tons of blooms ane ingots and 24,841 tons of rails. The imports of iron - were 724,576 tons this year to June 30, as against 747,700 tans tons in the first six months of 1912, while the expor's totaled 4,337,607 tons, as against 3,552,290 tons Total exports of merchandise from the | an £ontag in August were valued at $187,812,636, compar¢ Bec ed 844,871 in August, 1912, and imports were $137,/0+"> compared with $154,756,770 in August, 1912 jog of exports was $50,108,441, against an excess o88,1or in August, 1912. 1913 Heavy Pattern Forging Machine ,ddition to the line of bolt, nut and forging | National Machinery Company, ilt by the a 4-in. forging machine. It is designed to View of a New 4-In. Heavy Pattern Forging Machine gh carbon and alloy steels as well as wrought has safety reliefs on both the gripping and ements. Figs. 1 and 2 are front and top views, f the machine, while Fig. 3 shows some of squeezing work which has been accomplished between vill be noticed from Fig. 1 that the frame of the extends considerably below the floor line, and his portion of the bed is of girder construction and section. A heavy pattern steel casting is used for t ed frame, the object being to prevent as far as ny spring in the bed, and also to do away with longitudinal tierods or tierods at the gap or rance to the dies. This machine is supplied with motor e motor being geared directly to the flywheel, the builder’s friction slip design. While this le construction of which was described in The f November 3, 1910, is primarily intended as a +} Fig. 2—Top View of the Machine THE IRON AGE 709 safety or relief on the heading or plunger movement of the machine, it also provides an element of elasticity, which it is emphasized is found essential between the motor a machine of this type, due to the varying posed upon the motor by the gripping and heading move ments, and also when the stalled by cold stock or excessive metal Che a rawhide pinion in the drive to insurs The top view of the machine, F at the and stresses im- machine becomes accidentally motor uses quiet operation iz. 2. shows the machine instant the grip dies have closed and the heading ttins stroke The heading movement is effected by a crank, while the gripping action is controlled by two cams, one of which controls the forward or gripping movement of the while the other serves to goles open the dies. By employing two cams for the gripping movement, it is aimed to time the opening and closing of the dies to entire stroke of the heading tool or plunger, thus enabling the machine to upset a large amount of stock at one stroke This double cam secure practically the makes it D ssible t mechanism also the dies wide, thus facillitating the handling of the upsets in and out of the machine, while in conjunction with the large upsetting capacity, it 1s possible to handle large and difficult forgings with fewer operations The automatic relief on the gripping movement, which is also brought out in this view, is designed in the form The design of the relief is s that of a by-pass toggle ——$_____ 4 Fig. 3—View Showing Some of the Squeezing Work Accomplished Between the Grip Dies of the 4-in. Machine only a small proportion of the gripping pressure or power is dependent upon the toggle and the spring which holds it in its normal position. The powerful gripping action in the dies which is provided by this arrangement is illustrated in Fig. 3. The bars shown 34 diameter and were flattened or squeezed between the flat surfaces of the grip dies in one operation. After the relief mechanism has operated, it automatically resets with- out shutting down the machine or requiring any attention on the part of the operator. The use of the suspended type of heading and gripping slides is another feature upon which emphasis is laid. In this type of slide the supporting bearings are at the top of the slide instead of at the bottom, this arrangement removing the bearings from the line of water and scale In the design of these slides, there is a wedge construction back of the side liners to enable shimming to be added as needed, without removing the slides or liners. In this way it is possible to maintain a snug contact between the slide and liner. range from 2 to 34 in. in The J. D. Smith Foundry Supply Company, Cleveland, Ohio, has received an order from the Pratt & Letchworth Company, Buffalo, N. Y., for a large battery of core ovens to be installed on three foundry floors. It will also install additional core-oven equipment in the Sharon plant of the Amerié¢an Steel Foundries and has taken an order for similar equipment for the Ajax Iron Company, Corry, Pa. It also has the contract for an addition to the plant of the Medina Foundry Company, Medina, Ohio, and will furnish sand-blast equipment and a trolley system for this foundry. The extensions include a pattern storage building, 40 x 120 ft, and an addition to the cleaning room, 60 x &o ft. a - — € - 4 4 ' , ‘ } : + 4 710 THE IRON AGE ( A Water-tube Boiler for Pulverized Coal A Promising Development in Using Atomized Fuel for Steam Generation For the use of carburetted air as produced with pulver- ized coal, atomized oil, common gas and other atomized combustible substances, Fraser & Chalmers, Ltd., London, England, have developed a boiler which is known as the Bettington water-tube boiler. The boiler and solid fuel carbureter have been designed as the result of a long series of experiments. As will be noticed from the accompany- ing engraving, the design, which employs ordinary metal work and firebrick, involves the use of a vertical gas jet inlet, constructed so that a mushroom-shaped flame is pro- 10'0” Damper I = A , ee ghting Door Air Inlet to 7 Heaters . Air Heater — 4 oa => 4 i ed hes ‘i a cenipaieaii = > ‘ A . / c = ys & 2 / ly Ss / des=}—> ' Pet WN A fdeat-a tem ig ‘ a $ Dust Separating ‘ T Chamber Superheater — j Superheater Flooding snd Blow out Pipes a 4 - Pu t Water Jacket ff5=* ‘ and woe y 7S Se TS <, } tt Skt da 5 Sectional Elevation and Cross-Section of the Standard Bettington Water-tube Boiler for Pulverized Fuel Showing the Path of the Gases duced within a closed ring of vertical water tubes that form a part of the steam-producing plant. The heating up and continuous ignition of fhe incoming stream of fuel dust and air is effected primarily by the enveloping sheath of the products of combustion. This self-igniter cannot change its pre-determined position, it is pointed out, no matter how great a velocity is given to the incoming stream of the combustible mixture, and the ignition is independent of the incandescent brickwork. There is, however, a slight tendency for the enveloping gases to increase slightly in temperature as the velocity is increased, and at the same time, these returning gases, it is pointed out, always insure incandescent brickwork around the tuyere. The advantage of this arrangement is that the heat stored is relied on to re-start the fire after a tempo- rary stop. The mixture of dust and air, which, it is pointed out, should be as thorough as possible, is made before it is projected into the furnace When one of the coarser particles enters the high temperature zone, it becomes the center of a sphere of chemical reaction, being attacked by a oxygen. This soon becomes satisfied wit! . ae were not for the fact that the coarse par seca at a greater rate than the lighter air. Se cease. The particle rises through its ; aa accompanied by the upward central cur: | . it is overcome by the action of gravity or top of the furnace, when its direction cha: ward movement of the particle is accele: so that there is always a tendency for relative position in the supply of oxyg pointed out, causing a concentration of ticles. To secure the best results, it is ri the size of the particles be limited to th completely oxidized in the time required down journey. The ash of the fuel, in its passage thro i highest temperature, is converted into a liquid spr: a portion of this ash strikes the brick lining of the fy. and trickles down to the bottom edge, molten state by the descending hot gases until ; the lower or dripping edge of the furnace proper. H; falls to the ash pit, which being relatively cool, chills sufficiently to prevent the succeeding drop from adhering to it. In this way, it is pointed out, the furn: matically keeps itself free of slag at all rates of combustion and deposits it in small globules of % to ™% in. in diamete which can be discharged through an ash conveyor or raked out once a day. The use of this liquid spray, it is em- phasized, makes it possible to dispense with fireclay in the lining of the furnace, the special firebricks employed being merely stacked in position. When the boiler is fired for the first time, the gases take advantage of all crevices to secure the shortest route to the stack, and liquid ash is sucked through with the gases. As the slag solidifies at a rela- tively high temperature, however, it is relied upon to choke up and hermetically seal all the crevices and the larg holes, thus cementing the lining into one solid piece, as well as glazing the inner surface. Referring to the diagram of the furnace, it will be noticed that the combustible mixture enters the furnace vertically along its central axis, ignites soon afterward and continues on its upward path until it automatically mush- rooms over by coming in contact with the relatively cooler brickwork and the tubes forming the containing walls of the furnace. At this time combustion has virtually ceased, except for the coarser particles, the burnt out gases form- ing an enveloping sheath and indestructible gas lining between the zone of intense heat and the furnace wall Where possible, it is recommended that the coal be fed automatically into a hopper placed on the side of the pulverizer and fed through a worm to a chute leading directly into the pulverizer. The pulverizer also acts as a blower, and after the coal has been disintegrated it 's delivered into the dust-separating chamber, where the fne particles pass directly to the fuel nozzle, while the coarser ones return by gravity to the pulverizer for further recuc- tion. After the gases leave the boiler or feed section, they pass through an air heater, thus pre-heating the air before it is drawn in by the pulverizing fan, Emphasis is la d upon the fact that by pre-heating the air in this way 1t's possible to disintegrate and burn coal containing 15 per cent. of moisture, or even more. In the boiler shown the heater is located in the stack, but in the larger sizes 4 separate heater, which, if found desirable, can be substi- tuted in the smaller sizes, is used. The amount of air s regulated by slides in the pulverizing fan, and the coal fee is operated by a variable-speed friction wheel, driven trom the shaft and controlled by an adjustable slide i ™ hopper. The usual method of driving the pulverizing 7 is by direct connection to a small flexible coupling 2° motor, although steam engines and small turbines = been substituted in a number of cases. A belt-driven the pulverizing fan can also be supplied if the local c nditions should render this a better arrangement. ca In starting the boiler when cold, a lighted ' > placed above the fuel nozzle, the pulverizer started and a fuel feed turned on. The fuel mixture will then ign al feed set at that is fe- the and the torch can be extinguished and the co the desired rate. After temporary stops, al quired is to start the pulverizing fan and turn feed, the ignition taking place from the heat « work. f the f 13 mild steel top and bottom i drawn steel tubes connecting them. The with doors for drawing the tubes, and a pipe for connection to the superheater or Special firebricks in combination with the f tubes form the wall of the combustion tubes preserving the bricks from melting | evaporation. The tuyere or fuel pipe is ed by a water jacket, thus forming at the The greatest amount of evapora- n the inner row of tubes, and the circula- Any loose scale is ejected by the rapid settles into the bottom header, from which ut as often as is necessary. The use of is pointed out, prevents the accumulation ind a corresponding loss of efficiency. The ch tube directly to the steam header pro- face for the liberation of steam, and as large enough to admit a man, each tube ed throughout its entire length by the re- a inhole cover in each header. ne e special features of these boilers is the very In the larger sizes the stack is the boiler, with the air heater imme- tubular feed section added. Two headers with the necessary connections and er comprise the feed section. The gases boiler into the feed section, and from ther ir heater, and finally to the stack. In the rgest boiler two combined pulverizing fans nly one is employed in each of the other rve equipment is required. tests made on one of the boilers at the nunicipal power station by S. B. Bilbrough r efficiencies of 80.6 and 82.6 per cent. were secured he steam pressure was 189 lb. absolute and the f the steam was 515 and 517 deg. F., re [he feed water temperature was 77.5 deg. F rage percentage of carbon dioxide in the flue sists of drum. t is used and a mses was 17 per cent. The amount of water evaporated 1 at 212 deg. F. per pound of coal was 9.27 and The coal used had a calorific value of about 11,160 er Ib. and contained 22.80 per cent. of volatile fixed carbon, 17.5 cent. of 17.50 per cent. of ash and 2 er cent. of moisture. What a New Boiler Plant Saved f an address made by President J. M. he International Association for the Pre- ke, held recently in Pittsburgh, a striking was presented on the results following ent of an outworn steam boiler plant and lered installation of modern steam-generat- Incidentally the address of Mr. Searle, t the division of smoke inspection of Pitts- comprehensive review of the possibilities of ent and paid quite a little attention to the pplication of the mechanical stoker to the [he portion of the paper mentioned is as lant of 55 boilers had become worn out. The mpany had cut the pressure to 85 Ib.; the mill vn with orders. It was concluded, as a last 1 a place to locate an up-to-date plant of uble the steam pressure. Eight 600-hp. water-tube type fitted with good mechanical nstalled. These eight new boilers are saving 0 per month, and in coal $3,500 per month, will note, is $60,000 per annum, or 6 per +1,000,000, But they have done much more than increased the capacity of the entire mill, is an additional source of revenue, and 1500 sq. ft. of ground, whereas the 55 ¢ were thrown out occupied 45,000 sq. ft., se 40,500 sq. ft. of most valuable ground t r mill enlargement. ? d that an evaporative test was being con- ne of these 600-hp. units the day the writer plant, and an average capacity of 948 hp. The eight individual ped for about 6 hr. THE IRON AGE 711 stacks were absolutely smokeless products of combustion had averaged for this 6-hr. period 12% per cent. of carbon dioxide gas, and yet it is frequently heard among men who call themselves steam engineers that we cannot rush a boiler and maintain a smokeless stack. This plant, that is saving the interest at 6 per cent. on $1,000,- 000, cost complete $130,c00, including steel boiler house, main steam piping, feed pumps, Cochrane feed-water heaters, ash and coal handling devices, the latter being for both river and rail. Can ments be produced for the erection of ern boiler plants han is shown by the books of the company from which | have just quoted, and which refer to 8 months’ of its new boiler plant in this city. and the better reasons or stronger argu | eration Water Flow in a Feed-Water Heater To study the actual flow of water in a National dir contact heater, a demonstration was made the maker, the National Pipe Bending Comp 1 Haven, Conn. One side of the heater was made of glass a rectangular heater being chosen rather than one of th« Feed Water Heater as Arranged f Demor neg I { Water cylindrical type. As will be seen from the accompanying illustration, one side of the heater was removed by taking out the corner bolts. A glass plate was substituted for this side of the heater and was sufficiently large to come well above the water line, thus inclosing the lower part of the heater in which the water is retained. The photograph shown was taken while the water was flowing through the heater at the rate of 850 hp. per hour, the heater having a capacity of 1000 hp. The water enter- ing the smaller pipe of the double-pipe casting overflows at the top through a long port and follows the cylindrical surface of the outside of the pipe in the form of a thin film, which, being transparent, shows in the photograph merely as the pipe. At the bottom of the pipe casting there are two ribs or lips projecting from the port open- ing which tend to break up the film of water into fine streams as shown. In power-plant operation, the steam within the larger pipe of the double-pipe casting the casting through a port at the bottom and passes through these fine streams of water. The water is heated by the steam by surface contact while within the pipe above referred to, and is still further heated by actual mingling when it forms the curtain through which the steam passes. The hot water drops to a tray or trough beneath the pipe casting and is con- ducted to the bottom of the heater from which it flows upward through the filtering material to the reservoir just above. From this point it is taken from the heater to be supplied to the boiler. The accompanying picture shows the water escaping from a valve on the end of the pipe leading from the heater. icaves N ~ tN A Rotary Hydro-Pneumatic Single-Stage Machine and Vacuum Pump for Moderate Pressures The Nash Engineering Company, South Norwalk, Conn., has brought out an improved type of single-stage hydro- pneumatic rotary air compressor and vacuum pump for pressures not exceeding 15 lb. per sq. in. and vacuums not exceeding 20 in. of mercury. The machines are designed to be practically indestructible and there are no valves or other moving parts excepting the rotor, which is fitted the casing with a clearance of approximately 1/16 in. in the larger sizes. due to the The pressures on the shaft and bearings, air compression, are balanced and leakage is = Fig. 1—The Three Parts of the Nash Air Comp eliminated, the joints being sealed by water. All the air is eupelled from the rotor spaces by the water, and con- sequently the air clearance is zero. Several blades are delivering air at one time. As biade is reaching the end of the stroke, another is beginning. The three essen- tial parts are shown in Fig. 1, and Fig. 2 is an exterior view of the machine. Details are given in Fig. 3 The pump operates on a new principle. A liquid, usually water, is made to revolve by the rotor in an elliptical casing, the rotor consisting of a wheel casting with integral pro- jecting Centrifugal force causes the liquid to follow the casing, and it alternately recedes from and surges back into the rotor. On the sides of the pump casing, at points blades. where the water is leaving the rotor, are air ports con- nected to an inlet pipe. At points where the water is re entering the rotor are air ports connected with the outlet pipe. As the w through the ater recedes from the rotor, air is drawn in inlet ports to fill the void. As the rotor advances, the air contained between the sides of the pump casing and the rotor is compressed by the re-entering water and forced out outlet ports. As the blades of the rotor pass by the end of the outlet ports, all the air has been expelled, and the spaces between the blades of the rotor are full of water and ready to repeat the opera- tion. The water in the level of the ports and is used continuously, any additional ing into the pump being immediate air in the form of a spray 6 at the or the al pump stays at the outlet water com- thrown out with the A small quantity of water is added to the pump during operation to make up the water Iniet Fig. 3—Details of the Design of the Nash Rotary Air Compressor and Vacuum Pumy THE IRON Compressor AGE Oct carried out by the air and to absorb the hea: the compression of the air, the quantity being no greater than that required for th of a reciprocating compressor. As the a: required for this purpose is so small, it js that it be taken from a supply main, so as it cool, but this is not essential, and water d the pump may be caught in a tank or ba over and over. A separator furnished with frees the air entirely of the entrained wate: ment of the separator includes a ball float that used in a steam trap, which automatical! water to escape without loss of air. Ordinari pumps do not require a separator. The following table gives the speeds and \ im Pump Fig. 2—An Exte the standard, single-stage air compressors a1 um pumps: —Air Compressors—, 7 Capacity, } Speed, cu. ft Speed, cu. ft Size r.p.m. per min. r.p.m. pert 14 | 1,406 30 1,150 1,400 50 1,15¢ 1,000 110 850 2 725 220 650 3 575 330 650 4 500 500 430 In addition to these six sizes, larger sizes a! multi-stage pumps for higher pressures and vacuums can be built to order stage compressors and Three Years’ Work of the Pennsylvania Anthra- cite Conciliation Board Pen The report of the board of conciliation of the Penn sylvania anthracite coal trade for the three years trom \pril 1, 1909, to March 31, 1912, just published, that 27 formal grievances have been considered during that period. It has been the consistent policy of the board to use all its influence to have difficulties settled without resort to formal argument, and of the 27 grievances which have come before it during the last three years 16 were withdrawn for one reason or another, generally an agree ment of the parties after a clear discussion before = board. In one case a just and equitable price was 5x¢¢ by the board for certain work. In four cases there was 4 tie vote, and no further action has yet been taken. Une grievance was referred to an umpire. Two — were adjusted by mutual concessions, and in one the mune worker complainant was sustained. In one case the boar found that it had no jurisdiction, and one has been al- lowed to rest by agreement of both sides. : The board consists of three representatives mine workers and three representatives of the op The members discuss the cases among themselves and te ossible decide them by a majority vote. When they to agree an umpire is called in, but this has seldom necessary . Exactly 200 formal grievances have been pease board y tne erat the board of conciliation since it was created | ae Roosevelt strike commission in the spring of 903 a these, 150 were presented in the first three 5 years 0 she existence, 23 in the second three years, and 2 —_ a last three years. The decrease is due to the { fact 13 . ard on the earlier grievances established precedents which prevent the presentation vances, d that the appointment of local grievance 1e collieries, so eagerly urged by the repre- the mine workers at the conference last mpair the usefulness of the conciliation has achieved such a reputation for fairness that it has been as busy as ever. ements in Milling Machine Design n Machine Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, has ng the line of the unit system of construc- rally employed in machine tools in its new pulley type milling machines. These tools, gnated as the Ohio model, are built in both plait universal types, with an identical table and ' n and knee and knee mechanism, the only differer ween the two machines being the employment 5s f the swiveling saddle. Another special fea- machines is the use of a rather unique belt- I is a view of the universal machine, er and lower portions of the belt-shifting in Fig. 2. hifting device, which Imnroy ips ftin e. Fig. me ire shown is illustrated in Fig. 2, ed out, permit an unskilled