The Iron Age 1913-06-19: Vol 91 Iss 25

- THE Established 1855 New York, June 19, 1913 N AGE Vol. 91: No. 25 An Automobile Plant’s Production System’ Records for Taking Care of Stock Trans- fers— Time ture—The he elaborateness of the subdivi- ns in the various departments of the Packard Motor Car Company is typical of the methods which control the entire operations of the company Similarly in providing for the various records, particularly in the matter of recording the movement of materials and in the conduct of the time-keep- ing operations, a large number of in- eresting forms are employed. As suggested in a previous instal ment of this article, the various di- visions into which the plant is divided are conducted as separate units. Ma- terials are transferred from one di- vision to another, the stock being credited to the producing department and charged to the receiving depart- ment. In planning for the year’s work the number of cars of certain models which it is believed the market will absorb are decided upon by the execu- tive committee. This decision is sent in the form of a letter to the produc- department, where a schedule is wn = ~ B-22 10M-10-12 @. @. & T. Co. 100000 Studies a Special Premium ABELIL- WORK © TAG This Tag must remain with Material through every Department 7 Date Job No. Balance Forwarded Removed by Balance Remaming Removed by Balance Remaining Rema ame Removed by Removed by ~~ Balance Balance Remaining Remaining All time covering this Material must be charged to, and Production recorded against above Job No. and Piece Number. RZ2N45M.\%12 BBO CO Fig. 41—The Work Tag, Size 3x5 I INTERNAL SHIPPER FOUNDRY DIVISION Fig. 40—The Internal Shipping Order f 7 nued from page 1424 of The Iron Age Fea- Wage System vorke out providing for the build irs throughout the year This schedule is arranged to indicate 1e dates upon which the proper num- er Of parts are required to be in each department in the various stages of completion, so that successive lots of finished cars may be delivered at definite dates throughout the shipping season. This schedule forms the gen eral basis upon which the work in the factory is laid out, and each depart ment head is advised of what is ex pected of his department acc this schedule ding to lo provide a record of the delivery t materials from one division to an- ther, as castings from the foundry to the machine shop, a form known as an “internal shipper” illustrated in Fig jo is used. This is made up in tripli ate, the original being the consignee’ opy, second sheet the accounting de partment’s copy and the third sheet is o py retained by the division de liveringe the vaterial n this case the Foundry Division Copy Another sl ’ 1474 THE IRON AGE Jun OPERATION SHEET OPERATIONS TO BE PERFORMED IN ORDER WRITTEN Date Issued Replace Issue Print Size Piece No. Name * Models Used for Parts or Assem. Material Stock Size Make from Piece No. Pattern or Die No. Dept. [eed Timd Code] Ee tata Tool No | i | i . — = ed ; Fig. 45 Phe Operation Sheet Which Gives the | ‘ the Several Departments the Order in Which Work Is To Bi ‘ foundry \ccompanying the material itselt through recorded on an operation sheet each detail of the ; out all stages of its finishing the ‘identification be done on every part. This operation sheet is s| > work tag” shown in Fig. 41 is required. Upon this tag the hig. 45. For each of these operations a time stu signatures of the operator in each department are called been made in accordance with the outline reprod for, spaces being provided for this purpose on the back. For Fig. 46. Temporary standard time study records are ma obtaining stock from stockrooms the requisition form r from the detailed time study sheet on the duplicate ticket t produced in Fig. 42 has been adopted, and it serves two shown in Fig. 47. One copy goes to the time office i purposes: First, for the drawing of all miscellaneous stock the other to department clerk in the factory. Permanent : and supplies, in which case the number of the job or the card records are made in the time office, as illustrated ] account’ for which the material is drawn is noted undet lig. 48, and the shop department clerk files a card record it the heading “charged to” and also where stock or supplies on the form reproduced in Fig. 49. i are required on another job than the one for which they On the basis of time studies conducted in the vari were originally drawn, in which case this requisition forn departments, the planning department issues to the time fe is used and the new.job or account numb« r is noted under fice and to the proper department an official notice ee the heading “charged to” while the original number is noted each standard time as it is determined on the standard by under the heading “credit stock account.” time study record. These are filed by a premium cler if In each department of the chassis division sub-stock vhose duty it is to see that under no condition is standar 2 rooms are located. To cover the transfer of various mate time placed on a time ticket for which he has not in De rials from finished stock to the sub-stockrooms, or to as les a properly signed advance or official standard ti pl sembly rooms for subsequent use to the operators, the The workman as soon as he has completed his present eS “stock to stock transfer” ticket in duplicate form, show: job, which includes when necessary the removal of th c i in Fig. 43. 1s employed set-up, returns the 4 The regular stock trans covering the completed ! ! fer ticket Fig. 44 is mad —, Cr. Stock Acct. or Date Charge to job to the tool crib, tak : 4 up in triplicate, the origi- MAIN FACTORY the finished stock with t A ty nal being forwarded to DIVISION — ——+— — - yellow copy of the tin ( 84 the production office, the Seamus neerneerrenen slip to the = stockr Rees second copy being filed by where production stock the forwarding clerk and rooms are provided, the third copy going with 1 then calls for his next as the material to the receiv signment at the product ing department, where it | clerk’s desk. The turning is filed by the receiving 7 in of finished stock at the department for its own ’ Ee 2 completion of an operati record. is modified by circum- stances. Inspection after each operation is required The foreman in eac machine depaztment has Total Production /\ ‘ are . Quantity Reg. Pr: aloo i } — Spec. Production Yeasy oe —— : Porwarded Only ait yt s t To = - — To S. U.-15-40M-10-12 @. #4 T. 00, teense RZ iw Ege J J —— This Copy Must be Detached by Issuing Department This Copy Must be Deta Sy Forwarding Clerk and Filed as Dept. Record i 2 Ye = . : _ Che Store’s Requisition. Bes) Fig. 43—The Stock to Stock Transfer : 3 Fig. 44—The Regular Stock Transfer , lhree of the Forms Used to Keep Track of Stock THE IRON AGE 147) Dept___ TIME STUDY Pisce No___ Name Roll No.___ of Piece ca Ss mi . ___.| Oper. No. | Man's Rate Mach. Mach. Speed of SR etait i es Line Shaft Time j ‘ Material Lom TOTALS Time Total Standard Rate Per Hour SF i ceeitpannnsnnsetemmerersesmenseengnnyistesteniannasegtiintindtsentsttiihdnion Elapsed Time NN EEE Machine Conditions Tool Conditions First Study. First Study__ nehtastintenentieensiee —— ae ge Second “ sila aeaiaaaaa = = — —— Third “ — ae Third “ SS ee Remarks it eT a oe aki Noted and — — oa concen - a xpunnignansions Approved a Speed Foreman “ ( Cut c e Time Study Sheet Whic I fade | I () r e I s may be done at the machine or inspector's bench, to make a delivery before the entire lot is completed tl rk being delivered to the stockroom by truckers inspector notes on the back of the yellow premium work hen the time slip the ted pieces Time Office “quantity in returned to Standard Time Record spected,” “defe Production al ss celaamin natin tac demain oe eNO aris tive not paid m and aoa, ce. Oh eee tan - - oo “ for,” “total paid they are leech eel a et Hitman for,” “defective ct ed, the res ss cay paid for,” and or the the “quantity r counts good,” and holds imber of it until the bal es returned ance of the lot is notes the received, when in the he will note the space on ombined _ totals e of the on the face of w time the slip and then In every turn if over to the exact the premium er of pieces clerk ned must be It is the duty turned. The in of the produ then in- tion clerk in the the stock, various depart the “defec- ments to assign not paid Fig. 48—The Standard Time Record Which Is the Official Notification to the Pr , jobs ahead for “total paid Clerk of the Time Required for Ea Operation all the workmen r,” “defective 0 These assign for,” and the “quantity good” on the premium ments, made out on duplicate premium work time time slips, signs his initials and sees that slips, Fig. 50, show the machine number, job number tickets are turned over to the premium clerk piece number, operation and pieces in the lot. This ticket rvals during the day. If it is found necessary also indicates whether or not the workman is to be given set-up-time for the operation. When the job has been as- signed the production clerk is required to see that the work- ai Miwa t He ‘7—The Standard Time Study Record Filed in the Time (Office Fig. 49-—-The Department Clerk’s Operation Record Card ad é i 4 A 1476 THE IRON AGE WORKMAN'S COPY __ PREMIUM WORK TIME SLIP Ro. mo. 208 ne 544 40,000 wears any rece mo CUANT. Assieneo sTAN'O Time Cac TOTAL STAND HOURS nF. met ParD FoR ISS r7. we lame cL. APeED MOURS 95 weelian mare rremrue wate DEFECTIVES PAID FOR Fig. 50—The Premium Work Time Slip Which Is Made Out by the Production Clerks in the Several Departments and Is the Workman’s Authorization to Do Work man receives the stock covered by that assignment. The workman hands the time slips covering his new assignment together with the green copy of the completed job which he will take from the rack to the premium clerk, who stamps “out” the green copy of the completed job and, after noting on it the elapsed time, places it in the “job finished” rack. He then stamps “in” the green copy of the new assignment and places it in the “job working” rack and at the same time hands the workman the yellow copy of the new assignment. Before the green premium time slip is placed in the “job finished” rack, the premium clerk enters on the daily time balance sheet the elapsed time for each day as registered on the back of the premium slips. The premium clerk checks the balance sheet with the departmental time book and sees that the total time for each man as shown on the premium slips agrees with the time posted in the time book before forwarding the premium slip to the time office. At the close of a pay period or,in case a lot is to be broken, the workman places this yellow premium work time slip with his completed work and delivers these completed pieces to the production stockroom or has the trucker take them to the stockroom The production clerk then changes the original assign ment to correspond with the number completed and at thx same time makes out a new assignment for the pieces not completed, which will be the workman’s next assignment. Each premium worker must remove his ticket from the card rack and place it in the clerk’s basket in the morning when he comes in and in the evening when he goes out, in order that the clerk may stamp each workman “in” when he begins and “out” when he finishes the day. A work- man is not permitted to stamp “out” on a productive job in order to repair his tools or machine unless his assign ment covering the repair job is assigned by the foreman personally. When, through no fault of the workman, the production clerk is unable to assign him a new productive job on the completion of the present one, owing to lack of stock, tools, jigs, etc., the foreman must either give him a slip on idle time account and permit him to stamp “out” on the completed job, or lay the man off until work is available. During the day as the yellow slips covering completed jobs come to the premium clerk from the inspectors, he matches them up with the green slips and notes the “quan- ity good,” “defective paid for,” “total paid for,” “defec- tive not paid for,” and the “elapsed time” on each. All premium time tickets on which a standard time has not been used are turned over to the foreman for signature and notation. The premium clerk then signs both green and yellow slips and turns them into the time office on the morning of the next day. The time office, upon receipt of premium time tickets from the various departments, pro ceeds as follows: (a) Checks the standard time and machine number on the time tickets with the official record (b) Checks the number of pieces to see that the quantity is correctly copied on both slips. (c) Checks the standard hours and enters on both green and yellow slips. (d) Checks over the clock registrations on the back of the green slips and notes that the elapsed time is correctly carried over to the face of the slips. (e) Notes that all slips, both green and yellow, are signed by the department clerk, and all yellow slips showing pieces finished and accepted are signed by June 19 : the inspector and all other yellow slips are sig the foreman. (i) Sets down workmen’s regular day work green slips. (g) Computes the amount due the workman by ; ence to a premium wage table and notes the a on both green and yellow slips. The time office then makes out complete efficie: ports for each department each day covering all wor! by premium workers, sending one copy to the forem the department for the benefit of himself and th study man, and one copy to the planning department The yellow copies of the time slips are then ret to the department from which they came, where th: mium clerk arranges to turn them over to the wor once a day. The green copies are posted to a pre: pay-roll sheet showing date, elapsed hours, and am earned and are then forwarded at once to the accou department. The workman’s pay for a given pay | will be computed from the premium pay-roll sheet. S| the total elapsed time, as shown on the premium pay-rol! sheet, not agree with the total on the clock card, th office will locate the date on which the error occurs turn all the data over to a general clerk in the product department who will proceed to adjust the matter. \\ the premium man works more than six and one-half h on Saturday, or more than nine and one-half hours other days excepting Sundays and holidays, he will receive his regular premium wage for the total number of | worked plus one-half his day-work rate for the overt: The service department is simply an unusually larg stockroom occupying the three floors of a large U-shaped building. Its sole function is the supplying of duplicate and repair parts to users of Packard cars and trucks. A stock consisting of quantities of each part of every model now in service is maintained. It is conducted indepen dently of the manufacturing department but does no manu- facturing itself, buying its parts on order from the other divisions of the plant. Swedish Crucible Steel Company’s Expansion Ground has been broken and work started toward the erection of the Swedish Crucible Steel Company’s Cana- dian plant on the four-acre site recently purchased from the city at McDougall and Hanna streets, Windsor, Can- ada. Construction work will be pushed as it is the inten tion to have the plant in operation by early winter. The first of the group of buildings is to be an administration huilding 45x 100 ft., two stories. Adjoining this will be the first unit of the steel foundry, 100x125 ft. Both are to be of structural steel and reinforced concrete construc tion, with temporary ends for expansion as business de- velops. This group will be located on the north side of Hanna street and on the south side of that street will be erected a gray iron foundry of similar dimensions and construction with the steel foundry. Incorporation papers are now being prepared giving authority to capitalize at $100,000, all of which has been subscribed for by stockholders of the Detroit plant. It 1s the purpose of N. L. Olson, president of the company, who ontrols the patents of the Olson adjustable tool steel plow point in the United States and abroad, to develop and man- ufacture this product in the Windsor plant. The Swedish Crucible Steel Company’s plant at Detroit, Mich., has made fine progress in the two years of its existence. Although it has twice increased its facilities by additions, it is still unable to satisfy the demand for its product and further expansion is now being made by the enlargement of all departments. \ new application of the cinematograph has been found in the laboratories of Jonas & Colver., Ltd., Sheffield, England. A demonstration has been made showing the crystalline changes that take place during the pulling of a test piece of steel or other metal in the testing machine It is the invention of B. W. Winder and it consists of 4 specially constructed testing machine to which are at- tached a microscope and a camera so that all the changes can be noted and photographs taken. The relining of furnace Y of the Wickwire Steel Com- pany’s plant at Buffalo has been completed and the fur- nace has been blown in. 9, EONS THE IRON AGE 1477 \ New Machine for Turning Bolts A Development in the Making of an Accurate Product in Large Quantities spindle bolt turning machine is now being m Pawtucket Mfg. Company, Pawtucket, R. I., from gens of Ceorge H Webb. its treasurer and genera er It is genition of mand for g, in large ties and itely, taper ight bolts, larly the finished and held re within in. The ng process ymplished a single andthe will be and ac- to size taper. The of the iS a very le opera The ma- will have ilar inter- locomo vorks and id shops. machine esigned to volts, either ght or taper, tated, up to ncluding 1% diameter, long. The ter claim is on turning Machine Equipped fwo Rotating finishing bolts. With blanks forged on the four-hammet hine of the Pawtucket Mfg. Company’s manufacturs rging is accurate enough to require only grinding uffiing of the heads for the best class of bolts used comotives, such as connecting rod bolts, and with th ¢ done on the bolt turning machine and the top ane side of the head finished on the company’s manu iring lathe or bolt altering machine, the productior Its is accomplished with both accuracy and cheapness ich of the rotating spindles, shown in the accompar llustration, carries the bolt blank, and the inclined s, which are brought into action by means of the feed wheels, shown one on each side of the ma carry the straight or taper turning tools, as tl may be. traight work is done in one cut with a hollow mill esired, two can be used—one a rougher and one a er. For taper work there are two operations n lle is equipped with a roughing tool and the other wit nishing tool. The bolt is taken from the roughing lle to the finishing spindle and the transfer is mad ut stopping the machine, and the roughing and finish uts occur simultaneously. A bolt taken at random a pile of bolts being turned in the works of the vtucket Mfg. Company showed that it was brought t with one cut, the micrometer fitting tightly at the desired and the finish being remarkably smooth t, polished feature of the machine is that the slides are in at an angle of 25 deg. with the horizontal, whic! arrangement promoting convenience in operating the hine, as well as keeping the chips and the emulsion il used out of the slides. An additional attachment, shown in the accompanying illustration, is a foot- rated clutch for releasing and stopping each spindle lependently of the other, so that such work as straight or any odd shaped head that could not be used with cket to do the driving can be fastened and held while eing worked upon with the shing takes the bolt blank after the head has beer heading machine and it ll tee head bolts The machir 5 ranged d ind Ss ¢ ‘ vith i mit 1 tt ‘ £ Is I han s ‘ i’ >» t the 12 sitio! | ) T T sq ng t e It na¢ the head vi 5 d ne withot wving tik trom 1ts t101 while ( turned, and also r entering th nd f bolt il S nto the ighing 1 tu hing tool. Tl i hine if =(% i d take space } I x yy TN | | | | “Sf @ ¢ Com y, Bell he (nt ( la as { tT leted its plant nd vill egit erations im vakin | ] tee] ceo} ; =~ ) il eT i il t by the | ns-otan eld pr es It Turning 5 ” stated that the trial ¢ f ir? ce la eel juite t { I W in é ent | \\ | ve ral il The New Cobalt Tool Stee! arious reports ave ee! ed latel i vy German tool steel known as obalt ste Informa tion sent out y the Becker Steel Company tf America nsists of a ed tet ‘ ' : e tests t nev 1 with net the tee] The ve nade i la tor f ne t f the ROY | re | gh he | ’ | Ols ‘ nitorr e wel ‘ t kis t tool steel ‘ ding the ele rom rious urces Eng land and Austri well as Germany Each tool wa ade to cut in athe hard chrome-nickel steel of about tons tensile strength, ardinary open-hearth steel of it 31 tons tensile strength and als ist iron of about » t tensile strenet \ itting eed of 82 and 66 ft c in vit 1 tec mm. pr lution and a if about 4 mn hickness W employed tw t I sts on the har eel, while the tting speed in the test n mild steel was 8&3 ft er n. with a feed of ; mit per revolution and a cut of about 10 mm. thickness In the cast iron tests the cutting speed was 100 ft. pe: min with a feed and thickness of cut the same as in the mild steel. In most cases three tests with each kind of tool vere made, using the average results The mditions r making all measurements and calculations were scien c. The duration of each test was determined by the dullness of the tool This was measured by a manometer which revealed a certain pressure over the average The table of curves presenting graphically the results if these tests shows that in all four cases the average in utting time of the cobalt steels exceeded those of the other steels two, three and more times according to the kind of test The composition of the steel is not given It is known both as cobalt and as iridium steel ow os oke and Iron Ore Freight Rate Decisions Interstate Commerce Commission Orders Reduced Coke Rates to Mahoning Valley and Directs Pittsburgh and Wheeling Ore Rates from Lake Ports Equalized ty W ASHINGTON rere ' erstate ( i hat participation Dy dete nts in throug : merce Commission lune 1 : dow s series of Virgir ind Tennessee fields, which yield lower eart decisions in connection with freight rates on coke and iron oe eon ae jae: Sa i : : ‘ s of competition between carriers which defe ore that are considered to be the most important within neither induly Gecibalnsiote mae aalisld eitete: recent years TY} i le aaah ol tlie Callan Bim Aeiiiaie® Bian . the These are the rates and shortest rail distances Connellsville region against the Baltimore & Ohio Rail Connellsville district, Suyee OS which have not | road Company and others the rate on coke from the Con ¢ subject of specific and formal complaint but ietiagtiln diatehot tc: tasmbrton ok us destinations was lly will be in view of the commission’s decisions cut on an average from I2 to 15 per cent. Rat In the case of the Youngstown Sheet & Tube ¢ ny est listanc Pe against the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Railroad ( pany a 8 ~ y — 18 reduction is ordered of 15c per ton in the freight rate on Pole Ol 314 1.95 coke from the Connellsville district to points e Ma + ooo 40 honing Valley of Ohio, and while the commiss Ids South Chicago, Il] 525 2.5 that rates to the Shenango Valley Pennsylvania at ow gn a <peAs S 534 a unreasonable it decides that these rates ntrastate an Mayville, Wis 677 2.75 therefore not subject to its order \ — Ore wa . In the case of the Wickwire Steel Company, Buffal Columbus, Ohi 260 ; against the New York Central and that of the Wisconsin ‘anton, : io - Steel Company, Chicago, against the Pittsburgh & Lake 285 3 Erie Railroad Company the mmission dismiss¢ he m- 297 7 plaints and sustained present rates ke from the Con 255 170 nellsville district. . a 2.00 In the case of the Pittsburgh Steel Company and others 287 2.15 7 igainst the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway and ae ~ : thers the ¢ nmission rdered th the rate I ron I i from Lake Erie ports to Pittsburgh shall hig This is the formal order in the Connellsville case thar from Lake Er rts t e Wheeling distr “It is ordered, that the above-named defendants be, ar Cc Cite Bia hey are hereby, notified and required to cease and lesis + . — n or before August I, 1913, and for a period of two years According Ss re ser g ( Iisville thereafter to abstain from charging, demanding, collecting coke producers and the Pittsburgh steel manufacturers \r receiving their present interstate rates for the transporta the decisions of the commiss : s tant tion of coke in carloads from the Connellsville producing ts precedent in connection wit] roads region of Pennsylvania, as defined in said report of tl ; maintaining a so-calle g | x mmission, to the various destinations in Ohio, Pennsy bb rates raw and oth erial ' I Maryland, and New Jersey named in paragrap! ee merly assistant attorney g¢ ] is t hereof, which rates are found in said report to be 7 the tw cases n t ( S assist } I : Brandeis, the B y \ s s er ordered, that said defendants be and t handed down the Ellis & uldson ¢ t ire hereby, 1 ed and required to establish, on or ‘ following statement e> 4 en \ugus on notice to the Interstate Commerce ‘| re aes sai , mission and the general public by not less than five days’ ! 4 — a iaaeie nd posting in the manner prescribed in section 6 of the a ce. porti er ay ' » regulate commerce, and for a period of two years r tions th said August I, 1913, to maintain and apply to the interst a problems. Whilk ansportation of coke in carloads from the said Conn s in their final s lle producing region of Pennsylvania to the following eh: evenue which would estinations rates which shall not exceed the following ai, oe an , ; lars per net ton: Youngstown, Ohio, $1.20; Canton, Oh ie asiaal mts ; : : , $1.40; Cleveland, Ohio, $1.60; North Cornwall, Pa., Balt ¥ a “r ee Rede te : sare re, Md., and Robesonia, Pa., $1.80; Reading, Pa., wae sii a — 1 edi Ohio, $1.85 ; Philadelphia, Pa., $2.05 ; and Newa! oy commn es, d 5 \. J., $2.30, which rates are found in said report r} was just ed s t reas ynable. Sind public 4 g s “It is further ordered, that said defendants be, and they E + that it s ereby notified and required to cease and desist, on or bet 4° 2 od . \ugust I, 1913, and for a period of two years thereafter Lege Sl : : from charging, demanding, collecting, or receiving t! See Hi a esent rates for the transportation of coke in car! $ ins The commission su rizes its findings in the ( the Fairmont district of West Virginia, as define a 3) nellsville case as follows and orders the new rates report of the Commission, to the various destinations i$ come effective on or before August O Pennsylvania, Maryland, and New Jersey nam ; ities: aie: eaniee paragraph 3 hereof, which rates are found in said ret of region of Pennsyls to 1 ; ; ; to be unreasonable unreasonable per s« s S \r Ss is further ordered, that said defenda ts tial; Held ey re hereby, notified and required t ‘ | 2 That the : te | | I sh r be fore \ugust 1913, and f ; hia P : ti es - ‘ . -s10G r two years thereafter to maintain and . ~ i ow ransportation of coke in carloads from the s ' 2, That the present relationship of rates as betwee airmont district of West Virginia to the said destinat ; 84 ville district and the Fairmont dist: W g ned in paragraph 3 hereof, the same relation ot % unduly discriminatory against Connel! t esent exists between the said Fairmont dis 7 Fairmont and must be maintains S Connellsville region with respect to said Fh 178 154 5 THE relation of rates is tound in said report to be Pittsburgh Iron Ore Rates ase of the Steel Company Shore & Michigan Railway Company and others Pittsburg! against ing order was entered, to become effective August 15 lered, thatthe above-named defendants be. a1 by, notihed and req ired to cease and desist, \ugust 15,1913,and for a period of two years ther: tain sta from charging, demanding, collecting iny higher rates for the ads from Ashtabula ransportation rit Harbor, Ohio, and othet orts, to Monessen and Glassport, Pa., and other the Pittsburgh, Pa., rate district, than they con isly maintain over their lines for the trans yf iron ore in carloads from said Lake Erie ints in the Wheeling, W. Va.. rate relation of district, as rates 1s tound in said re iscriminatory. irther ordered,t hat said defendants be, and they are ed and required to establish on or before August mn statutory notice to the Interstate Commerce and to the general public, by filing and posting nner prescribed in section 6 of the act to regulate ind for a period of two years after August and apply to the transportation from Erie tsburgh district rates which shall n maintain carloads said Lake ' te to noint ports t ints temporaneously maintained over their lines for the tion of iron ore in carloads from said Lake Erie 1 points in the Wheeling district, as said rela tes is found in said report t e nondiscrim AINS PITTS RGH subject of equalization of rates, tl ommiss as in the Connellsville case rent that the issue of unjust vs all others and jit is the ne we shall d l ng the approximate t inal allow es a rges, the combined freight cost for the intities ind limestone entering into I tor g Wheeling and $2,885 for Pittsburgh district it is $2.706. It is higher for Pittsburg ther of the points involved in this cas es should be compared with those already re given by the defendants, namely: Pittsburgh and Wheeling, $2.82. The fig therefore, from the point of view ngstown, $2.74; nted by defendants would, show dis nin favor of Pittsburgh, ilization theory; while those same figures, whet n the *basis of terminal allowances and dock show discrimination against Pittsburgh. But in the discrimination resulting from the failure of ation theory to equalize is trivial compared wit! nination shown by the rates on ore alone. As ve, these rates are 96c to Pittsburgh and 60c to ng for substantially the same disignce and under identical circumstances and The mpt made by defendant seriously to justify this f 60 per cent in the r complainants, is an appeal to the equalization vhich we have condemned. We find nothing i rd to justify this discrimination. do not wish to dispose of this case certain of its aspects which, in our judgment, hy of reflection. Various references made ise to the rates on coal and coke { related cases, comparisons of prices and rates coke, and iron ore have been Where so alities, such varying distances, and almost infinite ns in qualities and prices are involved, it is ex difficult to state definitely what the rel ese different commodities are price statistics during the last 12 that, roughly, in conditions rate, as emphasized by without re were Similarly, in made ative val tl However, taking 1Tie survey of he statement ry under consideration the value of coke at the n ore at the mine is the same, and that bitum ventured may be at the mine is worth from one-half t yrne what coke and ore are worth iltimate burden of the rate is very different 1 IRON AGE 1479 se of coke and ore trot what mn Line is¢ r il least commercial coal. In t St the latter, the ner pays the freight charges quite directly, 11 solutely directly; in the case of ore and coke he | e freight indirectly and usually only after many gs of the charge from one group to another ‘he f. > ruse Listy i ng e vari S$ pa i I yress ' ul ta ' and ice t mine nail the ngine, and it Ititud - L tong }* ute, with many tollgates, than f1 the coal mine t f ge. tl eater nact Considerations 4 s character. together witl I ew f the efttects t « revenues of thes arriers wh would result ne like the iction emanded by complainants t $s case upon a substantial part of their total traftx i : el us to hesitate at this time and under prevailing cond + ns from going further than is necessitated by the re val of the most unjustifiable discrimmation shown t ; xist in ft Ss ise ‘ After car j lon u | the elements , se, together a ¢ sideration of tl elation of ; ise ill the other cases in the group of which it 1s on id which together affect ‘ tal part of the total traf all of these carriers e express s our judgment an letermination that the rate on trot re from Lake Eri yorts to the Pitts Vv strict 1 t be higher than ' the Wheeling st t it 1s ft rriers t determine » what extent they wil lu Pittsburgh rate and at extent ‘ will ra t \ y rate yncl n is expressed with regard t ‘ t mbus ne< ‘ . he 7 ‘?) ’ y (yi se Tr ‘ nN t t t ' this ceeding \; eT went . ; , ; i The Other Coke Rate Decisions c i tl e \ ingst t & lube ‘ npany 3 é gail Pittsbu « ike Erie Railroa ; : 7 _ neniesinswa Gnd r ‘ é \ g & ' f t attacks the rate o1 ke from the Connells Ile uci! n Pennsylvania to points in t lahoning Valley Ohio and t Shenango Valley nsylvania inreasot | ‘ Reparat ght. Hel That i e the ; ( rod q \ss e Connellsville Reg iltimore & Rails Compar a. fe s, the te of $1.3 et tos ir { nnells«vill district t nt in the - ; 4 t a ee a oe fransportation from the Connellsville strict t : n the Shenang Valley of "en ] ntrastat not within thi ymmission’s lict 3. In the Connellsville Coke Produ s’ case, supra general readjustment of rates o1 ke is prescribed. U ler such new adjustment reparat will not be awarded In the case of the Wisconsin Steel Company against the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Railroad Company, the I: ¢ ; ; ‘ ¢ ympany against the same, the ommiussion A land Steel © j ‘After maintaining for a substantial ke from the Connellsville producing region in period rates or Pennsy] nia to Chicago of $2.35 per ton when for furnace use ind $2.65 per ton when for foundry usc, defendants, in s nformity with ruling of the commission, abandoned the ; maintenance of rates pendent upon the use to which the : omyrr ditv was 1 t. and ¢ stablished a rate ’ $2 SO per tor 4 from Connellsvill Chicago. Complaints attack the rats . i $2.50 per ton as unreasonable, and pray for reparation 14 Held, That the rate of $2.50 per ton is not unreasonable : per se. Complaints dismissed 5 less than the verage “The rate per ton-mile the $2.50 rate is materially | t rt le f all the rriers. at pares favorably with the per-ton-mil irnings under the rates established in the Coke Producers’ 4 ; Ast As has been seen, the average loading of all coke 2 Cy igo was *¥ tons per t wt | at $2.50 per ton 4 gives a per-ca arming of $00.25. The average loading of al in certain trains, as shown omplainants, was 438 ns per car, which, at $2.05 per to. gives a per-car earn- if g of $80.79 As has been seen. the average loading of a »lait ants’ shinments« " Ls as heavier than ¢} at f ir ; i 1480 all coke, due to the use of large capacity, specially con- structed steel cars. This fact, however, would not entitle complainants to a lower rate than is accorded to others. The volume of movement has “materially decreased, and although the iron business is again normal that fact af- fords no predicate that the production of by-product coke will not permanently lessen the movement.” In the case of the Wickwire Steel Company against the New York Central, in which ise the complaint was also dismissed, this was the finding “Present rates for the transportation of coke from the Connellsville and neighboring coking fields in Pennsylva nia to the blast furnaces and steel mills in and about the city of Buffalo, N. Y., not found unreasonable. C dismissed. mplaint “The adjustment made by the carriers tends to lessen the discrimination against eastern Pennsylvania furnaces Furthermore, the rate to Buffalo is one rate in a larg rate structure which embraces the great industrial terri tory in the United States. We can not, in fairness to other localities, isolate this rate and ignore all others. It yields a revenue of 5.44 mills per ton per mile. This is somewhat higher per ton per mile than the rate to Chicag for instance, but considerably lower per ton per mile than the rate to numerous other points. The rate of $1.85 fits nto the coke-rate map as reconstructed by us in a group f cases, of which this is one, and all of which must be onsidered together. We have given most careful nsid eration to all the aspects of the question before us, and we are constrained to hold that the rate under attack is not unreasonable The complaint must be dismissed.” New Baush Radial Drilling Machine A 6-Ft. Machine of Very Powerful ’ Design, with Various Original Features The Baush Machine Tool Company, Springfield, Mass has brought out a new 6-ft. radial drilling machine de signed to meet the demand from users fot rigid and powerful tool which will perform the heaviest kinds Fig. 1 The New work. The bed, arm and column, as well as the head mechanism, have exceptionally large proportions. The head is of the conventional type with a return groove for the lubricant and the tank and weir needed for its strain- ing. The post is of rectangular box form and is tapered THE IRON ne AGE June g 2—Sectional E'evation of the Head of the Machine to provide an ample space. Th saddle carrying the arm trur nions is exceptionally long and rigid and is elevated by a screw The large trunnions upon which the arm itself is mounted are provided with ball thrust bear ings which take the weight, with roller bearings that pro for easy operation The head gearing is all tained in an oil-tight case. T! main drive is through the vert cal shaft A, Fig. 1, down to t center of the trunnion, and a horizontal driving shaft, B, b, Fig 3, which extends directly through the head to an outboard bearing on the arm. Both of these shafts have ball thrust bearings and the case of the two horizonta shafts, that on the head of machine and that extending the length of the arm, roller bearings are added. The feed of the he proper is accomplished by a worn and worm gear and a pinion en gaging in a rack mounted on 4 quill on the upper end of ¢t! spindle. Ball bearings take thrust of the quill in either direc- tion. The spindle c, Figs. 2 and 3, extending down through head, is driven by a long sleevé d, which in turn drives the feed mechanism from the lower end. The drive is through a pair of bevel gears, ¢, Fig. 2 which are arranged to be clutched to the spindle, pro’ ing a tapping attachment and at the same time a 5 motion for the spindle when the clutch is in its int Machine ‘ ). IQ13 position. The method of keying the clutch to the driving sleeve is original in that it is ac- ed by three lines of balls f, Fig. 3, mounted in ses and traveling in hardened steel races, thus ng a clutch spline which moves practically without It is possible, therefore, to start, stop or r e spindle with a minimum of effort on the part of rator. back gearing is carried in two nests, one on each the spindle, within the oil-tight case, a construc- vhich gives a balanced head. The back gear is by a lever on the front of the machine and is zed to lock in either the high or the low position vel gears are furnished with ball thrusts and the ys are bronze bushed. The gears themselves are itely steel and bronze. machine has six changes of feed, obtained h a sliding key, and also has a quick and slow hand the former operated by a large handwheel directly feed shaft, and the slow feed by a small hand- which is geared up to such an extent that back counterboring or the sweeping off of a boss can me The feed has both automatic and hand knock a single lever, one motion of which stops the feed position. This is not only convenient and useful so constitutes a safety feature for the reason that unterboring, facing or back facing, where an accu limension or a flat surface is required, the fine feed used until the tool reaches practically the required nsion, at which point this feed can be instantly ed off by the stop lever and a slight additional feed by hand through the slow hand feed. In this way rate work can be done with a minimum amount ot labor. The automatic stop for the feed is arranged pally to throw out at the end of the spindle travel der to protect the machine against breakage, but same time it has an adjustable stop so that the ma- may be set to drill to a required depth. [he traverse of the head on the arm is accomplished handwheel and the spiral gearing g, Fig. 2, which rates in a rack in the usual manner, excepting that the el is geared up so that the motion is secured with ll effort. The head is carried on a pair of friction llers, h, which are set up by very powerful springs thus maintain the weight. The binder for the head arranged to clamp it against the bottom surface of the that is, in the direction in which the work forces it. spindle is accurately counterweighted and is driven ts largest diameter. Owing to the driving sleeve the nn of the feed does not in any way tend to draw the ing clutch in or out of engagement. lhe arm is raised and lowered by a screw and has a 5 1 a DN LA reese Algae "WZ ZN Fig. 3—Plan View of the Head nder which locks it on the post. It is prevented from ‘winging by the conventional arm lock, the only differ- ence being that it is operated from the saddle by a small pneumatic cylinder, which is so arranged that the weight does the locking. Therefore there is no waste of air THE IRON AGE 1481 while the arm is locked, this power being used only for the swinging of the arm. The design has the additional advantage that should no air be available the lever of the lock can be operated temporarily by hand, or can be re moved, and the usual binder arm substituted A Rivet Heating Furnace with Forced Draft An improvement over the ordinary gas rivet heater has been made by the Improved Appliance Company, 455 Kent The air, instead of being supplied avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y withuut through forced in by a small motor-driv- en blower, thus producing a more intense heat and, it is pointed out, utilizing the gas more efficiently The distinguishing feature of this forge is that the rivets are entirely enveloped in a re- ducing atmos- the con- struction of the ombustion cham- ber and tuyer« viving the flame a whirling motion, while at the same time a_short flame Ss permitted to ex- ‘cnd out of the Lop opening. Suf heent flame, at the pressure valves, 1s phere, same time, it is pointed out, pro- jects from the front opening to keep air from en- tering, and in this way the forge \n Improved Type f Rivet Heating Fur is deprived of any eas hd a = * a ae oxidizing action ing Taken from a Compressed and as a_ result, Line the formation of scale on the rivets is avoided. The front flame does not interfere with the operator, as it emerges tangentially. The flame is thus directed to one side and the opet ator can, therefore, work as closely as he chooses to the front of the forge without experiencing any discomfort. As compared with a coal furnace, these rivet heating the scale, 9 ‘ forges advantage of eliminating and the gas furnace is ready instantly in case a few extra rivets are required Any kind of gas can be used by the furnace, and the Westing- house motor for driving the blower is operated from an elec- tric light circuit. The air pres- sure supplied by the fan is 2 oz If desired, the forge can be sup- plied without the motor-driven blower. This type of forge is in- tended for use where a supply of compressed air is available from a pipe line in the shop. The forges without the blowet pe SSESS are portable, within reasonable limits, and the forge head and stand can be moved separately, as they are not attached. Lugs are provided, by means of which the heads can be carried about conveniently with iron pipe for handles, and if desired. the heads may be suspended on chains if they are to be used at a siderable hight without a stand con- ee etal The Helfenstein Large Electric Furnaces Recent Developments in the Production of Ferrosilicon and Calcium Carbide and in the Smelting of A well-illustrated article* by Dr. M. Oesterreich of Vienna describes the Helfenstein large electric furnaces, which are not at all well known to metallurgists in this country. The making of calcium carbide, which was a pioneer industry in the employment of the electric furnace, has led to the introduction of very large furnace units, particularly those designed by Dr. Alois Helfenstein. The experience gained here has also been made use of in the manufacture of ferrosilicon, and in later years methods have been developed for the electric refining of molten pig iron and steel, and for the direct smelting of iron ore. At first the Helfenstein furnaces were open, and even at that time showed many advantages compared with the small units then in use. Such open furnaces of 3000, 5000, 8000, 10,000 and 24,000 hp. are now in operation at Jajce, Matrei, Meran and Lechbruck in Bavaria; Visp, Gambel Fig. 4—Helfenstein Patent Charging Arrangement and Thusis in Switzerland, and at Hafslund in Norway, the 24,000-hp. furnace being at the last mentioned place Helfenstein has reached the highest loading for a separate hearth, namely, 2500 to 3000 kw. per compound electrode, 30,000 to 40,000 amperes at 75 to 90 volts. For a three phase furnace this means a total load of 7500 to go00 kw, or 9000 to 12,000 hp. Still further progress has been made in the production of calcium carbide because double three phase furnaces have been built, where six instead of thre: built-up electrodes are arranged in the shaft of the furnace, and the capacity increased to 15,000-18,000 kw. Of course. this is not an increase in the real sense of the word. but it is interesting to see that by a simple joining up of three phase units an unlimited increase in the capacity of such *Stahl und Eisen, February 0. 1913 1482 Swedish Iron Ores furnaces can be brought about. The same idea being carried out by Helfenstein in large iron Closed Instead of Open Furnaces It soon became necessary to build closed inst pen furnaces in order to secure better working conditio, ind bring about the most suitable and economic use valuable furnace gases. The closed furnace allows 4 further increase in capacity, and also continuous mecha ical charging. The introduction of the large units was s advantageous that the small ones could not meet the com petition. The main reason is that the cost of the plant is greatly reduced, a simple large furnace taking the plac of many small ones, for example at Jajce, where 36 smal! furnaces have been replaced by the single large one reserve is necessary with the large units because the sing hearth can be made so large that the hot zone is always far enough removed from the walls, and the latter ar protected from the highest temperatures by the compara tively cold charge. As a matter of fact the furnaces wor the year round without reserve; for example, the 24,000-hy SARA ANNAN AAT pee RR EEE > RWW Ss SS LLEELL,.«é«R el aaa ZY a J OF Tt SS SS Electrodes h Gas Exit SSSossoos MSS 0 Figs. 2 and 3—-Triangular Arrangement of Shafts furnace at Hafslund, which has been running continuously since 1907. These furnaces have a so-called open breast which is formed by a crust of frozen material like calcium carbide. The tap hole is opened with an electric are. The operating costs are also lower with the large furnaces b« cause the smaller amount of labor and simplification of the current conduction allow marked savings. The product !s also much purer with a large furnace because of automatic refining. This is particularly important as it allows the production of materials that would either be very difficult or impossible to make in the small furnaces. Construction of the Furnace The closing of small furnace units offered no specia! difficulty, but as it was not desired to relinquish the advan THE IRON AGE 6000-Hp. Closed Furnace as Operated many f the large furnaces means had to be found to make _ easily, while with the iron furnace vide span of roof durable at the prevailing high tem- a straight line. In the latter the | tures. It was found necessary to support the whole walls is also dispensed with [he principle of the closed Helfenstein furnace is The charging arrangement of the Helfenstein furnace ill the shafts have a common hearth of current con is shown in Fig. 4 (German patent 226056) \ capacious ~ a i ng material rammed into place. This is clearly shown hopper is placed above the furnace through which th: nt 1 (German patent 224878). It is immaterial whether electrodes penetrate The tight connection between th I ifts are arranged in a straight line or in a triangl electrodes and the hopper is made by means of a flexible wn in Figs. 2 and 3, and the latter arrangement is ‘asing, to the upper end of which the movable current favored for calcium carbide and ferrosilicon 1 ables are fastened. Wide slits are provided in the furnace vecause the furnace gases can be handled m root at the side of and around the hoppe penings through Fig. 7—Upper View of Furnace in Fig. 6, Showing Method of Suspending Electrodes 1484 THE IRON AGE June | ; which the movement of the charge can be regulated and furnace troubles recognized and corrected. They are fitted 4 with gas-tight covers. Other illustrations are given in the ) original article showing a patented roof arrangement. Two il water-cooled ledge-like beams or simply two water-cooled importance for pre-reduction claimed at first, is , carry out and causes frequent operating troubles. seem better to dispense with it altogether if would not thereby suffer still greater and worse at: various patents on an electric refining arrangement in immediate connection with a blast furnace or cupola, which consists of special electrically heated forehearths. Through the three shafts, arranged as shown in the electrodes penetrate from above and in operat completely surrounded by the charge. They hang : middle axis above the hearth, move freely, and ar: , Advantages of Large Over Small Units regulated. Hoppers are arranged above the shaft ry The advantage of the large open furnaces co