The Iron Age 1913-04-10: Vol 91 Iss 15

THE IRON AGE | Established 1855 New York, April 10, 1913 Vol. 91: No. 15 Plant of the Duff Mfg. Company, Pittsburgh Steel Sash, Wire Partitions, Steel Bins, Cen- tral Oil Distribution and Telpherage Trans- portation for the Barrett Jack Factory \n interesting factory, in its construction features and have been embodied in in arrangements for expediting manufacture, has been and satisfactory results have built by the Duff Mfg. Company, Pittsburgh, for over 30 of ventilation, light and general app: years a maker of lifting jacks. It represents an instance The building crosswise has been of the generous use of steel sash giving practically con- one of 30 ft., one of 35 ft. and tw tinuous glass walls, and of the adoption of wire mesh bay contains a monitor and is the partitions for separating departments without obstructing bays are designed to provide { s telpherage system. ar vision or light to any extent. Among its other features all roof trusses are so designed as to permit are the provision for a comprehensive telpherage system of the crane or telpher hoist in connection therewith t for commanding all points of the works, the use of steel cover practically every square foot of the building Whik bins for raw and finished stock and a gravity circulating the installation has not been completed, the conveving lubricating oil system. system contemplates the use of a transfer bridge cran The site containing the new plant is an ideal one, the 5 tons capacity, consisting mainly of eam—the telpher works having direct sidings with the Pennsylvania Lines track—upon which runs a monorail telpher hoist. con West and the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, and it is located trolled from a cab in connection therewith. Under each Main Shop of Duff Mig. Company Looking from Heat Treating owen through Stock Room and M © Snep * d ulding ne of the best manufacturing districts in Pittsburgh intermediate roof truss in th n both sides eing near the plants of the Pressed Steel Car Company, 22 ft. centers, is secured a 15-in. I-beam, also the telpher the Standard Sanitary Mfg. Company and the American track, which extends the length of the roof truss ocomotive Company. The main building is 550 ft. long on one side and 60 ft. on the other. These beams pr 125 ft. wide and has an area of over 68,000 sq. ft. It ject into the crane bay just sufficiently to meet the I-beam is fireproof, being of steel, brick and concrete construc- on the transfer bridge tion. Many notable features in design and construction The main loads are taken up and down the crane bay Re 4/ 878 THE IRON AGE principally, so that the most frequent travel is in that bay, and as the monorail hoist travels along the I-beam ot the transfer bridge, it covers practically every square foot of the main bay’s area. To cover the side bays, the trans- desired inter mediate roof truss, and when the I-beam on side bay ro fer bridge lines up with the I-beam on any truss and I-beam on transfer bridge are in exact align ment, as determined by a locking device, the monorail hoist may travel off the bridge, going into the side ba far as the side walls if desired. While the monorail hoist is off the bridge, the latter is immovable and therefore 1s bound to await the return of the monorail hoist before the electrical contact is possible whic] permits the travel o! the bridge itself. This arrangement is, of course, to pre vent the monorail hoist’s missing the bridge on the return to the main bay. At the unloading end of the building, as well as at the loading end, it is provided that the monorail can travel out of the building, through large, high doors, and outside of the building the extension of the roof truss I-beams are carried on A-frames. Thus the monorail hoist may command a freight car on either the Baltimore & Ohio side tracks, or the wagon loading side of the warehouse, and deliver the load to practically any point in the build- ing. Fully loaded trucks and_ sheet metal boxes for smaller parts are transported by the monorail hoist. Large tools, located in the crane bay, are, of course, this monorail hoist Parts are carried to and from the ma chine shop, large steel handled in and out of store and also the heat treating furnaces are served by the conveying system, which is de- signed to eliminate hand trucking as much as_ possible with a [ time. This system provides for unlim- ited extension and additional transfer bridge and mono- rail hoists and com- prehends taking in Pennsylvania or machine served by bars are saving of April 1 also the quantity of the parts put in and taken steel bin equipment was furnished by the Bers Company. Centrally located in the shop is the tool supp! with a man in charge of all small tools, jigs, fixtur: high speed steels, etc. Tools and fixtures are ch and checked out, so that they may be constantly ke; of. Drills, tools, etc., are standardized and shelv: size, etc., and the supply kept normal. The jigs, ample, are inspected when returned so that they stantly accurate and in good condition, a featur lated to insure a high quality of product. In thi drills are reground, oil for hand oilers is supplied ar steels of various kinds are stored for the requisit the tool room, which adjoins the tool supply depart \ feature of the plant is a central oil distributi: tem, which covers al) of the machine shop, and by ill machines are fed from a central point by gravity returned oil is passed through a series of strainers large tank, from which it is electrically pumped 1 gravity tank and again passed through the entire s) The plant is electrically driven throughout, both vidual motor drive and group drive being used. All! s! ing runs on Hyatt roller bearings of the improved typs buildings likely to Stock Room Showing Portion of the Steel Bin Equipment The i moval of scrap is also to be facilitated by the telpher t system be erected There are no solid partitions in the building, heavy wire screening 10 ft. high being used exclusively rate the stock rooms, t to sepa- ol room, tool supply, boiler room, etc. The use of this wire screening instead of solid parti tions permits an unobstructed view of all departments from practically any point, and allows a maximum distribution vf light and air. In the stock rooms and supply rooms, steel bins are used exclusively. The foreman’s office is of metal and glass partition 1o ft. high and open at the top, located at a central point in the shop In the two stock departments—rough and finished—an extensive steel bin equipment has been installed. The bins are arranged conveniently in each department, but open floor space in both stock rooms has also been left for storing and handling incoming and outgoing stock and for the stocking of the larger parts. Each individual steel bin is designed to carry safely 2000 lb., and the bottom row of each stack of bins considerably in excess of that Each bin is numbered and it is labeled with the shop drawing number of the part contained, together with the minimum quantity to be carried. A card is also on front of each bin for re placed rding this information and Electric power is obtained from a central station, joint! with the Pittsburgh Screw & Bolt Company, the new plant of which (formerly the Riter-Conley Mfg. Company's plant) adjoins the Duff works. Power current is thre« phase at 440 volts. In the superintendent’s office, locat in the general office building, a recording ammeter has been installed which records continuously the daily power load in the shop. This ammeter is wired direct from th main switchboard and not only shows the peak load but useful as a check on foremen and men and their use power. For instance, at the 12 o’clock noon hour, shou any man or group of men begin to shut off their motors machines ahead of the whistle, as frequently happens, t unwarranted loss of time is immediately recorded. same sort of a record is available should the machines started late after the noon hour. It is also possible check up in what manner power has been used in nig work, whether or not motors have been permitted to run idle. One of the important records is the manner in which motors are started, whether they are jammed on too sud denly or whether they are started carefully, as the chart graphically shows careless starting by a large jump in the amperage besides indicating the time it occurred. Other valuable data are obtained as well. For instance, recent!) pen “7 10, 1913 THE IRON AGE se winding burned out in the main transi St W lichts immediately stopped the recording f the we ‘ ite uilding the ammeter, the dial showing zero continually, entire length ‘ red to giv st s c e shop was running. Investigation located the lig e pur tically all parts of the the transformer and the transformer failur: \ s g his | watchman throws on th t ve caused damage to motors if allow t lights e nd is ted ken belts other interruptions com ( ns m 5 niv when needed. T} the attention the manufacturing departmer rcuit is t n eeneral lighting la e, which keeps them constantly in ucl itl ( " 5 set erations ( S t . . } lighting purposes 110-volt alternating current Ss we va 5 \ un’s re rhe nitor or main bay is artificially lighted w gisters mpany tungsten lamps in Abolite reflectors, placed above ght .* ; mas ane or approximately 23 ft. from floor. Thes allure ‘ it re distributed along the entire length of the bay rings to invest centers and placed approximately 22 ft. 6 in g t. The side bays are lighted by 60-watt and 100-watt \t re ¢ lamps in Abolite reflectors, the bottom of the re ult tual wor eing placed level with the bottom of the trusses tests of Q the mai 8 ft. from the floor. In each section of the side bays factory ‘ it ap for each area 30 ft. x 22 ft. 6 in., three general proximatel na - placed, two on one side of intermediate truss 150 toms and pe ne on the other side, then two and one in the next’ capacity or type | area, and so on, this arrangement being carried out Patterns not it . mez in n it un The ran S rave me steel heavily and } Tl r : I ust | n ste side wal sh and Pond | ial ‘ sis large tilat mor ! T ‘ trolle ‘ Pond operatine d ce er +} , Te atmosphers ar dily troll Part of Machine Shop, Showing Lupton Side Wall Sash dé ! l [ ’ the eT tire length of building, in both the 30-ft. bay on one tire walls and monitor ' t the main bay and in the two 30-ft. bays on the fi s of the main p are t te } r side 5 while the floors of tl it-treat a lights for machines, although provided for, have which contains two large capacity Tate-Jones ces a ved unnecessary, due to the large amount of well as smaller furnaces, and the forge room are la btained by the steel side wall and monitor sash with a har iving block, and those of the warehouse ed, as well as by a good distribution of general lavatories, t supply department and er and far : ting, which suffices in early morning working hours and rooms art ncrete ; vinter months. A complete system of drop lighting, The entire main building heated t vever, is available, as stated, if needed. In the side trom tw w-pressure steam boilers of 100 hy the machine shop, the machines extend from the heat is forced by a large Sturtevant fan throug t 1 bay toward the outside walls, located along the col- heat ducts which are located under the floor, next t line underneath the main roof trusses. On both sides outside walls, and extend the entire length of the ld = ich main roof truss a drop light circuit is placed 3 ft ing on both sides, delivering the heated air thr h ca E way from the truss, the circuit each side of the truss iron double-throw outlets located at wall lum ri taining boxes for three drops, making a total of six 45 ft. apart Ke s available in each case and affording ample drop light The lavatory arrangement teworthy { ‘ ty for the double line of machinery located at that unusually light and airy atr er n the wash roon iM white enamel fixtures ar nerete floor permit of - f the features of the electrical installation, not usual cleanliness and tr There are over 250 steel n manufacturing plants, is a special circuit of lights lockers for workmen room, eacl un havir the night watchman. This night circuit is controlled locker, and the room is under the control of the day patr the upper or warehouse end of the building instead of man and open only before work in the morning, at the the main switchboard, at a point most convenient for noon ur, and after king hours, thus preventing a 880 THE large and locker open sanitary drinking fountains are lo throughout the building. The amount of lost time, which is com: wash Mire se and mveniently irked out w he re rooms are continually ated water supply is w jointly with the Pittsburgh Screw & Bolt Company, water being pumped from two deep wells into a 130,000 gal. tank and supplying both plants, although city water service is regularly connected and is always available in case of emergency or when desired. Drinking water is sterilized and then cooled at a central cooling box. The time clock arrangement is somewhat unusual in that the clock automatically rings the men in and out The clock is electrically connected so that in the morning, at noon and at night it rings a large gong at the prescribed times and controls the working hours and noon hour exactly and automatically, which is not always possible when attended to by the engineer, aside from saving the time of any individual whose duties may include this re- sponsibility. The prevention of accidents to employees has been given careful attention in the Duff plant. The company has adopted the universal danger sign of the National Association of Manufacturers, which is a large solid red circle painted conspicuously at every point of danger. Regardless of his nationality, every employee can dis- tinguish and is made to know this sign as indicating pos- sible danger, whereas it frequently happens that employees cannot read the word danger even though the precaution is taken to print it in several languages. switch starting Furthermore, all boxes, motor boxes, gears, pinions, fly- ca Tes , Ce Ae 9 ae ee a he tee. ies ad | Lockers and Wash Basins of TRON AGE ‘ 1 ' s i 4 ' ‘ ‘ ‘ , - + ! : ae. ; ; ' ‘ a? i : ' 1 ' seepnee : ; 5 ; ee Bw a..2.6..2.-5..2..8 35.5 535.5 525 7 T 7? T . 2 ty? 7 i t ae. 2 oe SS ee at ' ' : t ' ae ' ' t \ sii t t ! i" , i : 1 ' ’ ‘ ' ! ' . i ’ i ' s ; ‘ ' 4 t i t : i 2 fF \ : i a : . 1 ' ’ ' I zg 2 t ze 8 ara D Gt ; : x Reha ys ; ! Pens : | Sey : : ' Peet : ' ‘ eae . i ee ee ee lelpherage System wheels, etc., are inclosed with wire screening of close to prevent accidental injury. The general scheme of the new building was deter mined from working conditions by the Duff Mfg. Company itself. The engineers for the plant were the W. G. Wilkins Company, Pittsburgh; J. F. Kuntz was architect and James Stewart & Co., New York and_ Pittsburgh, were genera contractors. The electrical installation was done by th Carter Electric Company, Pittsburgh. The Duff Mfg. Company is conspicuous internationally as a manufacturer of lifting jacks. It makes practically every type of lifting jack in sizes varying from the smallest automobile jack with a capacity of 1200 lb. to a hydrauli jack of over 500 tons capacity. One of its products is th Barrett jack, including track jacks, automatic lowering jacks for lifting purposes and geared ratchet jacks of 25 tons, 35 tons and 40 tons capacity, for heavy car and loco- motive lifting work. The Duff company also makes ball bearing screw jacks of 10 tons to 75 tons, including those termed the high speed type. Its line covers also the Duff- Bethlehem forged steel hydraulic jack, in capacities of 10 tons to 500 tons, and the Dunn and Alliance extensibi: trench braces, formerly made by the Dunn Mfg. Company which was merged with the Duff Mfg. Company Jul I, 1912. The Barrett automobile jack is obtainable about 28 sizes varying from 1200 lb. to to tons. The com pany has also brought out recently a new presse motor jack of entirely new construction, on which it has secured both design and mechanism patents. The officers of the company are: John steel R. McGinley the Partitioned Service Room li A ene eee ger THE IRON AGE [Thomas A. McGinley, vice-president and ger tw mpi ’ inager; D. J. Greiner, assistant treasurer; F. O secretary: I. E. Hindman, general superintendent rs lohnson, general sales manager Plans cw ne made tor the election of a large fact 24 | for e tw . ‘ ' strict to take care of the West ‘ ' stes S _ 7 ———_—__—_—_—_— dl i { 5 ( na ‘ lea steel c 4 chant ; hich nc e 60-ft. bat tailstock . fe | ked ym t any distance index furn for registe the 1 made by the } | , , twisting hea L hie i i ind ca v« back t er W The twisting { t 60 1 ’ 1'%4-1n. bars, tl ation 1 in lw | that time is consumed in pla the machine and removing them after tl ‘ ( ke so that "i complete cycle of operations n. The machin i: s driven by a Westingl t hp. unit being used for twisting “ handle the same nun Adding Oxygen to Air Blast Charles A. Edwards, manager f the i Works, Middlesbrough, Englar t ments, comes to the following « ‘ ! ns of oxygen to the r bi int Accé rding the x\ { blast, there results a blast furnace is wl sift nN OT the hye cf tT 111 ‘ if) adaptability 2. By increasing the ox I ntent { of 21 per cent. by volut t 2.54 per cent | t lowering the nitrogen ntent, the deman last and on the stoves are redu ‘ it & per cent und the Boiler and Fan Room of the Duff Jack Factory. Chait ke nsumption lessened t 6 cents | t Fan Runs in Oil in Safety Guard; at Left is Chair ron Driven Air Compressor I i 1. ‘ ’ ; 1 2 it I € ga | DY ver ( . ‘ nt : ‘ str ' +} ] rou ‘ r expected to be completed and in operation late this entage “ rou lo take care of the Canadian trade a factory is t tyers | rE : re hr ult either at Windsor or Hamilton, Ont., ready for increased . ] ‘ y } n in the late fall 1. | ; e al ; er nt ’ ¢ ® ' ¢ ] en le ands the last and a ! e le s ry. . . . ORC nus € £45 ea Motor-Driven Bar Twisting Machine These figures will natural | ecu! g ; ne cot ut the reef ' * sting the steel reinforcing bars employed in a ‘ ' ‘ ‘ ease oe “) ' nstructi the Lewis Foundry & Machine Cort . ' - ’ ea,T rT? eT ‘ : tsburgh, Pa., has built a motor-driven machine ed for this machine that the troubl en lriven units on account of belt sli ’ MA na & | ' . : Ss strain during the twisting p1 ee! ie Leade . B QQ Marcel ‘ me, since the gear mnection used for transmitting Phe will o« the en f that b l trom the driving motor to the machin sures a it A n & Steel ( r nt torque being applied while the bars are bein vill m Clevélar the / i ted. The machines are arranged for two speeds t ider il a 882 An Interesting Conveyor Installation A Twist in the Coal Run a Feature—Dustproof Car for Ashes The coal and ash handling apparatus installed in the power plant of the new print works of the Pacific Mills, South Lawrence, Mass., by the C. W. West New Brigh- ton, N Yu number of interesting Hunt Company, pos sesses a de- tails which are not usually seen in such installations. It is made up of three distinct sys- tems for bringing the coal from the cars to the storage bins, taking it from the bins to the boiler room and removing and distributing the ashes. Fig. 1 is a view of the top of the coal bins, and the path of the conveyor is shown in Fig. 2, which is a plan and eleva- tion. The special type of dust oroof car used Fig. 1—View of the Top of the Coal Bins THE IRON AGE April of Fig, I. When the conveyor reaches the t vertical run it passes forward over the top tributing chutes, each of which has an automati that the fuel can be discharged from the convey into any chute desired. The motor employed f the conveyor is shown in the central portion of with the empty buckets passing underneath it. 7 in the <« which is a of the inst is shown engraving an in the left Fig. 2. In additi the regular bins, whic! filled by the tributing cl shown in Fig there is an auxil iary row of age bins at the ex treme left of building. For ing these bins, | conveyor ranged to di charge into auxiliary hopper which in turn dis charges into an electrically ated 2-ton car run is ar ope T The Vertical Run of Conveyor Buckets in for handling the the Rear Passes Up Over the Distributing Chute and the Empty Buckets Are ning on a_ track ashes is illus- Shown Returning in the Center over the storage trated in Fig. 3 bins. Althougt ’ The first portion of the apparatus consists of a pivoted bucket convevor which receives the bituminous coal from the railroad cars and distributes it to the storage bins. The fuel is brought to the plant in railroad cars and _ ae is discharged through the hoppers in the bottom into a pit under the track. The J ) ) [ the combined capacity of these bins is 10,000 tons, they are so subdivided that in case the coal commences to heat and there is any danger of fire from spontaneous combustion - eee Tt ee ~ coal then passes directly into a motor-driven coal cracker which breaks up the large chunks into lumps of the proper size for economical fir- ing. This coal cracker dis- charges into a conveyor which runs through the tunnel at the left of Fig. 2 and then rises vertically as shown in the rear 2—A Partial Plan Fig. View and an Elevation Showing the Path of the Conveyor >» eee lee ee ee a ete a aT 10, 1913 lividual bin can be emptied in a very few minutes m the bins the coal is drawn off through duplex boiler room charging cars, which have a of 1 ton and can be filled in less than a minute rs are pushed by hand over industrial railroad the boiler room. The tracks in the boiler room are located that it is simply necessary for the fireman to drop the car and shovel the coal directly into the fire the fuel is not spilled on the floor, and it is keep the boiler room neat. The charging cars re f sheet steel, reinforced with angle iron, the rnet ng rounded off so as not to hurt the employee’s the bottom flush riveted. When the side door for firing, the bottom of it is slightly higher r of the car so that the fireman will not catc! h when scooping up the coal. It is pointed out that tl nstruction of these cars is such that they are the and distance from the firedoor to reduce the work and increase his coal handling capacity > D ( Le ru i e the Ashes ity of the coal handling equipment is between 60 tons per hour, which is calculated to be more than keep the 30 boilers of the plant supplied when ng at full capacity the boiler the ashes pass downward to a elow the boiler room, spouts conveying the ashes y into the cars As soon as an ash car, shown in as mentioned, is run under an ash hopper, the lever p of the car is pulled down and a telescoping on the car is shoved up and encircles the bottom of pper, thus preventing the ashes from flying around conveyors, charging and ash cars, coal and ash tracks, etc., were supplied by the C. W. Hunt Com- under the direction of the consulting engineers, d, Green & Co. The coal pockets which are of re- 1 concrete were built by the Aberthaw Construction any, Boston, Mass. he Medicine Hat Radiator Company, Medicine Hat, ta, Canada, mentioned in The Iron Age of March 27, S10, plans to have a plant equipped with all modern hinery and will mold its radiators on a molding ma- e of new design recently patented by Carey Wright. ik Center, Minn., who will have charge of the manu- turing end of the new business. n THE IRON AGE 882 Flexible Shaft with an Improved Core \ new tyt f flexible core and a special terminal tch are features of a flexible shaft being placed on th arket by the Plank Flexible Shaft Machine Company Pig. 1 A } I xil gasS ( I Grand Rapids, Mich. Ths re ma up | and the shaft can be used for tra tting electric motors mounted on trucl r on bench \ SS of the shaft connected to a rtable el ric moto1 given in Fig 1, while the construction of tex is brought out in Fi Che core | I nt ita n ous core can issembled without the u (his construction also renders the units r changeable, either for varying the length of the sha for making repairs. The core is p1 ted in tl nat way by a §] ] I | ered th leathe lhe shaft is i } th a : us 1 yiding snarp eT ls tt at | nt The clut ide in t le iT : id sleeve is secured to the drivit member y a kn collar which | a] t tted eve. Intl way the flexible shaft . nt ted r di mnected tron the grinding rtable drilling ichine or othe tool by simply turning the collar The core can be re leased and drawn out of its protecting covering for oiling or repairs by loosening a set screw The officers of the American Pulley Company were hosts at a banquet held at the Germantown Cricket Club of Philadelphia April 1. C. A. Brinley, president of the company, presided and gave out some extremely cheering intelligence regarding the employees’ beneficia fund, whic! is now being set aside for the sole benefit of the e1 ployees. Plans were discussed looking to the greater d velopment of the company. The welfare of the men, wh } have helped make the company, was carefully considered Horace Sheble, an expert on efficiency, gave an interest ing talk on methods to be pursued. The committee charge of the entertainment consisted of William R. Simy son and J. W. Muir The Swedish Iron & Steel Corporation, 12 Platt street New York, has opened a branch warehouse and sale office at 1280 Ontario street, Cleveland, Ohio. The office is under the management of B. A. Maase ae Lee a ah ds peel i ke q 7 : 0° &4 THE IRON AGE April 1 New Type of Reciprocating Air Pump stage air pump drops rapidly. The rotary re commonly driven by small steam turbines, w reciprocating pump is driven by a thoroughly e The Use of Multi-Port Plate Design Automatic Valves a Special Feature ie ; falta The lest lachine { mpan Pittsburg] Pa ré | cently pl n the market an improved typ. | | rocatin«¢ pump, in which there are no 1 nicall yperate lves i ( evlind | t pd oehendl ch aed cadschescbcekee Keg eee Es ek Tae pump, ed on the bi S ecting 1 in | vhile curves indicating thi ien f | of pump as compared with that of the rotary type are r 4 } } } roduced in Fig. 2. Multi-pert plate type automat alves are used on the 4 ylinder. It is pointed out that they require no atten n or oiling and will open and close at < ) lependently of any adjustment Flash : learance spaces du the vhich were et nt ; in the earlier types of reciprocating air pumps, ha een ’ ne away with. It is claimed that the typ f valve | een very successful on hlowing engines and air com D pressors \ test for reliability and econ vas m builder’s works by Prof. \ rinks PY Cart e In stitute of Technology \ large tank was used for con verting the pulsating suction of the air pump into a stead flow so that the actual quantity of air taken int could be measured by a standard: nozzle lo ma tl 2 conditions under which the pump was tested identical with . those encountered in condenser practice, which is the field for which these pumps are intended. a 1 le was pt l on the air tank through which the apor could be ad mitted \ steam cvlinder was installed between the pu nd the air tank, and the steam passing through it w ndensed at atmospheric pressure in a surface condens lest Curves SI owing the Comparative Efficiency of the \ located in the pit under the flywheel, the water of con ee laa densation being measured In making this test pecial care “was taken to measure the amount of leakag vhicl type of engine, having a steam consumption per hor existed when the valves on the air tank were closed power hour of approximately one-half that of the turbine To furnish a means of comparison between this put When this fact is taken into consideration the differen: ind those of the rotary type, the ratio of the ideal wor! in efficiency is even more pronounced. It is stated t é required for isothermal compression divided by the actual the builder that the particular field for which the n work required was plotted againat the vacuum referred t pump is recommended is where there is a sufficient amount a 20-in. barometer [he curves plotted show the efficienc if exhaust steam to heat the feed water available f: f this new pump. that of the most advanced type of rotary urces other than the engine exhaust. Where the exha ir pump and also two average pumps The data for the prime mover is necessary for heating purposes, t plotting these last thre irves were taken in the first rotary type of pump is recommended in spite of its | ase from. the report of tect publ 1 in technical efficiency pers and the ( ( nis | the c these pumps he ity of East St. Louis, Ill, has raised a fund As will be noted for any vacuum below 29 in. of mer $50,000 which will be utilized in a publicity campaign wit! cury, the single-stage reciprocating air pump is superior te the special purpose of acquiring manufacturing industri the rotary type and the difference is considerable for any Steel plants and machine tool plants will be sought es vacuum below 28 in \bove 29 in. the theiency < pecially Fig. i \ New Type of Re cating Air Pump with Multi-Port Plate Views Assembled on the Builder's Erecting Floor IO13 New Large Rack-Driven Slotting Machine vt Machine Tool Works, I: Philadel vy redesigned its rack-d1 I ! ew Sign I the machi t n tnt gh care Vas t S ‘ the ( 1 ‘ g I. W le Wi ' i i¢ ~ rner imps s¢ t e « ss saddle oquart kk furnished for the r ade by { pe Si es ial . f the table movemen ind nd ndently fee \ hang eighted and 1s by dogs A and B, Fig. 1, have vert e bar, and the length of st1 ‘ i wl ( [his pawl is conn { d E governs the cont s bolted the upright are pr i From the motor pinion F, Fig. 2. the drive gears G and i 2ear mesh i cufter bat 10unted hine to support se box K, Fig arranged to ke to ntrolling the 1 » q iriable str 2 \ ‘ e Upe ting S I views I l ue Redesigned Slott g M e D circular, and also the in and out and cross feeds i ne, which is driven by a Westinghouse 10 ng planing machine electric motor as a maxi ¢ 33 In The over-all diameter the circ 54 mn. and 6 in. less over the slots The the cross and in and out feeds is 40 in. and the trom the face of the ram to the frame is the thie iximum hight under the fram 1 ires a floor ‘ ] | steel manufacturers of Louisville, Ky., are ’ ; ‘ +. hye ‘TUN . ‘ . ile 2 jues n of obtaining a transit privileg¢ at le 1s € xpected ial they may be i1rough rate It as ie ee ee % e such arrangement will be granted. as the Penn- f ds her lines permit transit arrangements Fe . T ] . |: aldwin Locomotive Works, Philadelphia, has ré ers for 25 locomotives from the Grand Trunk Canada and for 20, 9 of which are of the switch Line. The plans pe, trom the Atlantic Coast plant con vet heen Western engaged. N ce fi have nite in connection with the company $s THE IRON AGE 88 Demonstration of Talking Moving Pictures $ } M while it was | le to have il or instrument pla 1 im sy! rol m witli in I picture i ex tremely difficult t nchrot t talking voie Between the different reets, sel endered n the new Edison disk | nogra nate nown a ndensite 1 he re Automobile Makers Are to Investigate Fuels.—A: rangements have been made between the | ional Assoc! ation I Autom tle Mar cturers and the ety Automobile Engineers to st the applica t f sene and other low grade pet m products to the aut mobile and generally of developing titu r gas 3 line The automobile engineers are to take p the more + technical features of the research work, while the man af facturers, of urse, will attend to the nme de i The investigation is to include carburetine devices pe 3 4 3 The Wheeling Sheet & Tin Plate Con 1 n : W. Va.. which is uilding a plant at Yor le. above ra Martins manufacturing about July 1 The mill is above the flood Ferry. Ohi is | king orders It will begin a lines R4 and 19012 It would have required 9 ft more water than the recent flood to put the plan t of mmissior Growing Use of Commercial Motion Pictures Notable Development, a Projecting Machine of Small Size Found Effective in Demon- strating Machinery It is widely known how motion pictures are used in the lecture room and before scientific and trade associa- tions to give realistic representations of methods and oper- ations carried on in manufacturing plants and in connec- tion with general engineering work, even for advertising { purposes. Not so well known is the fact that motion pic- tures are employed in even more vital contact with com- merce and that they give promise of speedily becoming a most important accessory in selling various tools, appli- ances and machinery. In the marketing of some products the use of the pictures is past experiment and it is now be lieved in some quarters that in effecting sales the motion picture projector will become exceedingly impor- tant. The manufacture of projecting machines has been carried to a point of refinement where they are made of such small dimensions that one can be carried by a sales man on his travels and a prospective buyer in his own office may sit at ease while he is shown the artificial counterpart, photographed in action, of a machine or proc- ess. It requires but a few minutes for attachment to an electric light fixture, the drawing of window shades to darken the room, adjustment of the projector and the throwing of the pictures on a wall or small screen carried for the purpose Interiors Require Special Lighting for Making Films The possibilities in the making of films for such displays has already been perceived by experts in their production and they have em- barked in the business of making them for ar sg] the exclusive use of manufacturers and sales agencies. R. W. Davis, manager of the negative production department of the Knickerbocker Film Company, New York, in an interview on films and their production, said: “Films of exterior views demand only the usual amount of good daylight for satisfac- tory photographic results; but interiors hav- ing sufficient light for the ordinary manu- facturing process, and in which the ordinary still photo can be made with a time exposure, do not afford the amount of illumination or actinic light value necessary for moving pic- ture work. To obtain this light an equipment to supply the added artificial light must be used. This equipment is arranged in portable form so that it may be moved from place to place in any industrial plant. “For convenience in handling and to comply with the regulations of fire under- writers, the standard length of films for a single reel has been set by custom at 1000 ft. There are 16 distinct and separate pictures to each foot of film, and it requires from 17 to 18 minutes to project 1ooo ft. of film on the screen. A 1000-ft. reel may tell a story, show a process of manufacturing, or the operation of machinery, and may consist of 20 to 50 different scenes or views. In mak- ing films the views need not be taken in the order in which they appear in the finished picture. The camera operator to save time and shifting of apparatus will take as many Wews as necessary in one spot. These views are afterward assembled or spliced to make the finished film, with the proper consecutive arrangement of scenes. “Until the introduction of moving pictures into the industrial field, the manufacturers of derricks, steam shovels, etc., were often con- fronted with the proposition of exhibiting their product to prospective customers. sees Now the same manufacturers may have films . rm oe e = as s T/ to Prospective Buyers made of their product in actual operation whether be at work on the Panama Canal or in Timbucto Some Instances of Motion Pictures in Industry The Holt Caterpillar Company, Peoria, Ill, and Holt Mfg. Company, Stockton, Cal., which manufa the Caterpillar traction engines, have equipped their . in several cities with Edison picture projectors and ness callers may have illustrated before them in a time a great deal that can be better told in pictures thar words. They can see where the tractors are made, are tested before shipment, how they cross a w ascend steep grades and go down others, how are pulled down and tree stumps removed on the site, for ; example, of the Ashokan reservoir, how the engines travel over sandy and marshy ground and also pull from to 18 plows and do other agricultural work. A seri of films showing logging operations in Michigan are now being made. In a recent campaign by the Bethlehem Steel Company for business in South America, pictures of the Bethlehem plant were shown to give an adequate idea of the magn tude of the operations of the company. |: this connection it may be remarked that th pictures speak a universal language and ar as impressive with the merchant of Sout America or the Orient as with the man at home. The C. W. Hunt Company, West New 3righton, Staten Island, New York, has made use at various times of a series of pic tures showing the operation of freight handling equipment which it manufactures the y dit h, Ps tn y . Brick-making Machinery and Paving Illustrated The American Clay Machinery Compan found that it could use motion pictures t advantage. Prospective buyers of improve brick-making machinery were scattered al over the country and in some cases wer‘ thousands of miles away and to take the: to the machines would be not only a costly and troublesome proposition, but would take busy men away from their daily routine, they could get away at all. To overcome the difficulty the company had films made an these were exhibited to the probable buyers The Dolarway Paving Company's films showing the complete method of laying its pavement, from the preparation of the sul grade to the application of the finishing coat of bitumen, has enabled the company, it 1s emphasized, to demonstrate to city eng! neers, boards of estimate, etc., that are in the market for paving, just how the work 's handled and the reasons for the claims for superiority. The value of this film was ap preciated by Prof. Blanchard, of Colum! University, where it was shown recently the class in Highway Engineering, Ma) Crosby, of Baltimore, delivering the ad- dress on “What a Highway Engineer Shou! Know.” The films of the Goldschmidt Thert Company, illustrating its method of elects welding, are well known, as are those Rogers, Brown & Co., entitled “From Mine to Molder,” which, as has been mentione: several times in The Iron Age, have been viewed by thousands. aoe re ” - wee e eee ee eee ee 7” a - ° Motion Films in Time and Motion Studies Exact Width of Mr. Davis referred to the studies of for the Gold- Film: Taken for the wot F. B. Gilbreth and J. G. Aldrich at the 886 New England Butt Company in Pr toward the solution of more efficient pr their use f motion pictures t BS ¢ was installed,” he said, “the sing] kes a complete revolution in 6 s¢ Projecting Machine for Motion Pictures, | S ut 15 In. in Lengtl Me eing divided into parts which will indicat 1 minute Each motion in any operation med, and photography by moving pictures repr in absolute time and motion each operation. A mag 1 ; lass is used to study these movements, instead dinary method of projection.” Railroad Firemen to Be Instructed with Pictures reparations are now under way, Mr. Davis said, by Baltimore & Ohio Railroad for an efficiency campaign incidental to it film studies are to be made showing proper method of firing a locomotive boiler, « I te in charge of this phase of the investigation believe the coal consumption on the road will be greatly de sed as a result of the use of the films. The Union Railroad uses motion pictures in connection with ational campaign to induce industrial enterprises q locate along its line. An automobile company which a very large output had pictures taken showing every g ess in the manufacture of its cars, beginning with the boratory where tests of steel are made, and showing ns in foundry, forge and machine shops, etc nally the intention was to show these films only to men and dealers, but so great was the demand from heard of the pictures that it was finally decided to he films in a large number of cities in the Unitea es and Europe. Theaters were engaged for the pur- lly filled to their capacity and the company the whole proposition a convincing sales argu- ‘ usta indication of the convincing power of the films the fact that the 1913 convention of the Ass lvertising Clubs of America is to be held at Bal is year At last year’s convention in Dallas s, the Baltimore delegation won in the contest over f convention city largely because it displayed és ing pictures of its home city. These films belong t Baltimore. While some of the contestants wer é ng what their cities had to offer, the Baltimore men ; re actually showing Baltimore. Only a few instances i een mentioned of the uses made of motion pictures They have been utilized in the sale of automo s, borax, fountain pens, milk and soap, but their cation undoubtedly will be in the mechanical negotiations between W. N. Parkin and other urgh men and the citizens of Canal Dover, Ohio, r the establishment of a shéet steel plant in the latter been declared off, the local committee having ded to reject the proposition made by the promoters is probable that efforts will be made in Canal Dover rganize a company for building a steel plant which be entirely under local control THE IRON AGE S87 New Line of Bench Type Grinding Machine ' our s s of a new desien of small grinding ma nes ‘ e ma t the Rans 1 Mig. n Us \ \ i vided wit i l il t \ r em ed ig l ; i \ é i un rest, an in end A > \ eel en I I hk i¢ I ire | ne ista d ¢ s oT s made { | er cent i eel an nding Mea t de t ips a f y a tor { Che ure shippe t ut 2 A S NI n Fig These rests ar i I I idjustable for dif - ; . . | ‘+ ‘ } | erent widtl s i qciat eT I vine ; W het wee] guards are required, 1 ire | ed and the irds fasten n t t t \ ’ hown in Fig. 2 ! een mbin d ' ne istit } ur s Ss t i hing ire S the & ' 10, 12 and 14 1m. sizes, accordit to t met f the wheel used. The following tabl t prit : men ions and specificatior tl Ww Hight t te > 1"« liamet twee irs, WU ta } e wid t pulley ete 1 evs e widtl aft | 4 ~ ee | t These machines can be suppl with umn ba i shown, in which case the hight of the vind enter al Fig. 1—Equipped » Pla Fig. 2~Equipps Whee Re G Tw 1 N I Grinding M the floor is 30 8 a hines and 37 and 28 in. in the 12 and 14 in. sizes respect [f desired the machine in be supplied witl t the lumn and is then m ted or encl The Unite Steel Company, Canton, Ohi has com pleted the nstruction of its mew 10, 14 and 20-in. bar mills They are »f the latest design and are operated by electric motors. The company will make a specialty of rolling high-grade steels ou these mls and they will be “cross rolled” in accordance with its own process. The output of the mills will be chrome-vanadium steel, hig grade forging stock, spring bars and alloy steels. The ‘ company will be in position to make prompt shipment of the finished bars eli cee tee i ins, Chemical Reactions of the Puddling Process’ Important to Have Sufficient Readily Fusible Material Rich in Ferrous Oxide at an Early Stage of the Operation BY PROF. [hough the puddling processes are, chemically the application of a number of y spe aking, oxidizing reactions whereby the impurities originally present in the pig iron are re- moved, the direct effect of the tively small. In fact, garded rather as a source of waste yxygen of the air is rel atmospheric oxidation must be re- metal than an action be encouraged or increased. lting no doubt a certain amount of metal is gradually heated and ultimately fused. A still greater oxidation usually occurs during the balling-up stage of th and practically the whole of this « iron During reme operation, ] SS of The fettling of the furnace, so long as it ren and infusible, is also without any important acti metal. The temperature of the melts is probably about 1300 deg. ( part of the ains hard n on the when the metal hi itest furnace , and during the 1 1 heat, just before the metal is withdrawn, is probably very little, if any, above 1400 deg. and at this temperature ferric oxide is infusible The most active agent in the purification of the iron is the bath fluid slag, or cinder, into which the crude metal trickles as it melts, and by which it is covered during the subsequent stages of clearing and boiling. For many metallurgical purposes a fluid slag may be considered to consist of three separate parts: 1. A fusible portion, usually a silicate, which takes n regarded as direct part in the reactions, but may be vent or mother liquor 2. An active agent which is dissolved | yy the solvent and thus brought into intimate conta with the metalli or other substance upon which it is required to act 3. [The product of the reaction, which, when non-vola tile, accumulates in the cinder until at length a proportion is reached which prevents the proper progress of the re action. It corresponds with the waste products of a liv ing organism, which, if not removed, ultimately lead to death. Puddling Cinder The three parts of puddling cinder are respectively: 1. The solvent is ferrous silicate 2 FeO SiO: which, when pure, melts at about 1183 deg. C., as determined by Mr. Dixon in my laboratory some years agi When melted, it is almost as fluid as water; on cooling it gives a very distinct arrest at its solidifying point, and crystal- lizes in dark, ] which belong to the rhombic system, and which occur in nature as the mineral Fayalite. It contains 70.6 per cent. of ferrous oxide and 29.4 per cent. of silica. In its pure form it is rather too infusible, and much too siliceous to form a good cinder 2. The active agent is magnetic consists of Fe,O., or FeO. Fe.Os. paring magnetic oxide is melting point, oxide results. semi-vitreous plates oxide of iron, which One method of pre- by heating ferric oxide to its oxygen is given off and magnetic In practice, however, it is very seldom that magnetic oxide possesses exactly the composition which corresponds with the formula Fe,O,. It may still be at- tracted by a magnet, or even become distinctly polar, and show its characteristic crystalline while the pro- portion of ferrous oxide varies considerably from that required by the formula. We may, therefore, speak of the active agent which is dissolved in the ferrous silicate by the less definite term of “oxide of iron,” when form, it being under- stood that by this name is indicated a more or less altered form of ferric oxide. Ferrous silicate can readily dissolve either silica or oxide of iron. The addition of silica gradually raises the melting point and makes the material viscous when hot, and slow-setting like a glass. With sufficient silica a dark olive-green bottle-glass is obtained. This has no definite melting point, and gives no arrest on the cooling curve. The addition of oxide of iron first slightly lowers, *Part of a paper read before the West of Scotland Iron & Steel Institute at Coatbridge, January 11, 1913 Professor of Metallurgy in the University of Birmingham. THOMAS TURNER} - —— and then gradually raises the melting point mately the temperature of pure ferric oxide. It is known from steel works practice that in remove phosphorus from the metal the silica in of slag must not exceed 20 per cent., and this probably rather too high for safe working. Sinc silicate contains 29.4 per cent. of silica, it is evid it must dissolve half its weight of oxide of iron, in order to make a satisfying cinder. Puddlin is thus a very strong solution of oxide of iro solution coming in contact with iron, when both ar: fluid state, is practically without action on the met: a metal cannot reduce its own lower oxide. It does ever, rapidly oxidize the non-metallic impurities silicon, and phosphorus, while even sulphur is al Puddling cinder doubtless acts as a of oxygen from the air to the metal, though the which the action takes place has not been carefu mined. Puddling cinder mtains rel quantities of lime, alumina, manganous oxide, and impurities derived from the fettling, and these ten lower the melting-point Actual determinations it laboratory, by Mr. Coe, have given a solidifying point for tap-cinder. 3. The product of the reaction which is present the cinder is phosphorus, in the oxidized condition, ably as normal triferrous phosphate Fe,(PQ,)2 Severa important researches have been published in reference to the condition in which phosphorus exists in the basic slag from steel-making. Dr. Stead has isolated and recognize a tetra-basic phosphate. Tap cinder does not to have received the same careful examination; it found from analysis that the phosphoric oxide does usually per cent., and its presence appear increase the fluidity of the cinder, though exact int tion on this point is lacking. If the pig-iron used is hig in phosphorus it is well to concentrate tims as far as sible in that portion of the slag which is first removed which usually boils over the fire-plate. The removal the impurities at this stage is economical in fettling yields a better ultimate product. It has been assumed in what has hitherto been stat that the active oxide of iron is wholly dissolved in the s! There is some evidence that metallic iron can dissolve ide of iron, though apparently not in large quantity. The subject is now receiving attention by investigators 1565 deg. C is rea 1 moved ext 1 I > } also c atively 1075 deg. C 4 appear reach Pig Iron for Puddling Before considering the reactions further it may be w to say a few words as to the composition of the pig-i1 to be employed. Even when the ironmaster has, in own mind, a definite ideal composition, he is not always able to get exactly what he wants, and is certainly able always to insure regularity in character. One vantage of the use of three or four brands of pig-ir in a heat is, no doubt, the greater uniformity thus sured, as it is unlikely that all of them will vary in the same way at the same time. Fortunately the puddling process lends itself to considerable modifications in detail so as to suit different classes of iron: otherwise it wou long ago have passed away. A