The Iron Age 1913-03-27: Vol 91 Iss 13

Established 1855 New York, March 27, 1913 Vol. 91: No. 13 A Simple System for Procuring Cost Data Details of the Routine Used by the National Tool Company—Narrow Width of Build- ing a Special Feature of the New Plant \ simple and effective system has been adopted by tl the overhead charges tional Tool Company, Cleveland, Ohio, recently for ded for that pury eping track of the cost of the work that passes throug! t] rdet Phe shop and at the same time furnishing the office witl nvenience in | record of how every order has progressed in the shop r example, the ordet hen a workman starts on a piece of work he is given ird ha tl ‘ wrder sheet, Fig. 1, which follows along wit The New Factory Bui'd fo ind is filed away when the order leaves the shop so t ] -A ¢ in be readily referred t hen a similar ord Ss re Some inte g When required a drawing of the tool is made in the blan! have er space on the lower part of the order sheet. If the tool is recently ordered requires more complete details a blue print accon hat would affor panies the order. The sample order sheet shown is for a ind a location side milling cutter for which the specifications noted on thi 2th street near lank provide all the information needed by the workmen The time keeper gives the workman a time slip vhen he starts on an operation and stamps the ti r to save o1 ulding egins the work on it. When the operation is finish t] ring m vorkman takes the slip back to the time keeper, who again s de stamps the time on it, so that the actual time re [ ht ay - ae uired for an operation ts maar eave Jute 24,| mmm KS 2I9 6 iown. A check mark placed ge Ses ae aa vaaren 3520 22 elo pposite the list of oper na ns near the lower part | : | the blank shows what man did. When a w “ 4, - % . . JZ, em an is given a release o1 ne piece of work | re aay: ak ais iy aes 8 ‘ irning the slip and havins the time stamped on it | s given a new time tamped for another piec f work. Thus a checl ept on a workman and he is not given an opportunity : to waste time. On this slip | Or ; there are also indicated the ear. 71 ibser rder number, workman’s number and department he lumns I lips are sent to the office twice a day and a girl enters c he em on the cost card, Fig. 3 ice With the ex Orders as received are entered on a follow-up order ters the entire si I f t " ird, Fig. 4, which has blanks to show the date of the vari tending from the t f the é us operations. To find how far a certain order has pro ibundance of outside light that penetrates the gressed reference is made to this card in a filing cabinet ! ndisturbe ‘ i f \ glance at this card will also show if a piece of work is lighting unnecessary at any time dur daylight 1 eing delayed too long in any department These cards ter how dark and cloudy a day it may | ire tabulated from department receipts, Fig. 5 which work The company’ men receive when they turn a piece of work over to th inds, reamers ul next department, these showing the time the work passed ts products are small 1 e, t large i eld from one department to another. The follow-up order weighing more than 30 Ib., the erection of plant some cards are provided in two colors, yellow for regular orders what lighter in some particulars thar ! red and red for rush orders, and separate cabinets are used f its operation necessitated the handling of heavy mate for filing each class rial and the use of heavy achir ls was possible The cost card is complete record of the time spent on However, its construction is very substantial throughout each order as it goes through the shop. The labor time No expense was spared in making the plant thoroughly entries are reduced to labor costs which are tabulated. ip to date in every particular thus giving the entire labor cost. To this item is added The plant is of brick, steel and reinforced ncrete / ~ Jf THE IRON AGE March 27 — ewe — and above the pine is laid hard maple flooring of tl thickness. The roof is of concrete covered with Order No | and slag, the thickness varying to furnish the pitc! |_/o2 3-6 _| top of the cinders and slag is 1 in. of concrete w | Ss covered with % in. of asphalt. The windows on the first floor are g ft. 7 in. hi bh i Workman No | 4 lets Ma 6 ft. 11%4 1n. wide. On the second and third floors t the same width and 8 ft. 3 in. high. The steel wir ghout the plant is of the Detroit-Fenestra ee ~~ A J a ; Prismatic glass is used except in the two lowe: a of panes, this glass being preferred because it brea | the bright rays and distributes the light through the Clear glass is used in the two lower rows of panes s : os he workmen can see out of doors. This plan was ad oa Te Ts i <4 with the idea of making the surroundings more pl at eee -|| Serer | _ — and with the belief that the workman is better satis ~ tl can look outside in the bright sunshine occasior S Which Gives ; instead of having the view outside entirely obstruct pene a ee Em prism glass. Ventilation is provided by having f tions, each comprising four panes of glass, hinged construction, the front of the building being faced with ypening in every sash on the first floor and two se pressed brick. The floors are concrete slabs and the build of two panes each opening in all the sashes on the s¢ hus practically fireproof The reinforced steel wal] and third floors. These openings are of sufficient atsinasicsct epi teccabislideala Oe. Nieptisiilii cman. | Q |= 2 KS | Quantity... Ay. 3 I on ile NATIO LTO co. Order No. SEBO ager awe = io ® 16 ! . ¢ 7 |) fe] [| Bemanee 2 4a x 7g Quliin = o aw | on ae a aaah. : ae 7 Se ee. ee | Date Biss ae an tity Received jew 26, (U3 as Promised Der 10 473 | | | | | | | Quantity for Stock oe | | | | Price Back | Cost Each — Tools Lost / Dept. i | E ers Ss = or ——— | i | e ef iF |i weteiei ¢ of 27 7 iz FS 9 lp | : 2 15 : = i i | > 8 = Fe i i323 IS ° | j + 2 a |3 = 3 s g 5 = 5 3 2 Ig |= le |} ¥ 3 & e | ee i I 3 e | sek ip Bi 8 | s = _ | 3 Z R | more » © 5 } = " s | mR i? i i te e | . 5 E g : \| i" e | | | } | = s - Se | Speareets | r ~ 3 | | } ey - < C ae mates — =—= — —= is io is |S i iS |= i 8 | ec). | ® | = id | = l a ® |@ o. — —_—__— _ — —_————_ — | ic | |} | |) Zee i oP-al "orl f = | o } %) 3 2 | 3 i d BR) NS DIE SI = i 5 | We g : = S columns art ace » ft. apart. Running crossways art so that the drafts of fresh air that come in do not strike 18-in. girders space 5 ft n centers The wall column the heads of the workmen support channels and the ends of the alternate girders ar« The method used in hanging the countershaits is orig supported by these channels. This form of construct , se = ae npc places all the floor load on the columns and permits thi extension of the windows that fill the space etween the Duantity y Our Order N 290 narrow pilasters up to the ceiling. Had the usual forn a. Oh mS of construction been followed the girders that are s f . Os, 7 af, iy ate 1 ' 14 1 1 ; FLL iz ULL Fi ported by the channels would have extended into the side — — Order No £5892 walls and the windows uld not have reached furthet 7 Recewed yo \ pa oe ‘or ~~ Jeceivedin Shop| Cuneo 1 - ‘ 13 b- . OC ‘ ty | than the bottom of the girders, and 8 in. less space would far, 2O_ | eee 40 | aw al jar LE | 1 ] ] c 1 ; mg Turning } Milling / “tc | Hardening 1ave be available for the wit N j) have a © l AD IE \ 1. wv 29 30 IO The brick curtain walls are 9 in. in thickness and 13 in OO —“Gaadng * “7 Gillopg Woon i. Shipped Tnvenced at the pilasters, all of which have a uniform width of Ss 2 F o , 26 in. The first floor is 12 ft. high from the floor to the Sieal Ordered | “Sisal Received 1% Sine | a - . ‘ ¥ } i bottom of the girders and the second and third floors eaeh } Ee ah 5h easnalennniteenentaiianeeiial ] ; ‘ cn , } soht fr hae A - ¢ Remart have a clean hight of 11 ft., the hight from the floor to Remarks or ‘ i cal ™ ds alata 23 3 % jf ’ tty the ceiling being 1 ft. greater in each cas¢ The concrete Z XF x hud floor slabs are 4 in. thick. On these rest wedge-shaped stringers 3 in. high, 2 in. wide at the top and 3% in. wide ___THE NATIONAL TOOL Co 7s 4 > oO 1 " nace ] turee thy ctr rere sno fh > e - . at the bottom, the space between the stringers being filled 1. 4 ‘the Follow-Up Ordér Card Wuch Shows the Dates of Com- with cinders Floors of 7%-in. pine is laid on stringers pletion of the Various Operations on a Job * 27, I91I3 THE NATIONAL TOOL COMPANY CLEVELAND . OHIO Department Receipt Date Dept. to Es l || Quantity | Eee ees ————————— . - —|}} 2 7 “ ee pene oe A hind ~—iillipa-nalgeieonnaiinal im Signed — ; \ # interesting Che I-beams forming the girders yrced with concrete on each side up to I in from side of the beam flang: This left a 1-in. flange are clamped 3-in. l-beams running lengthways ngers for the countershafts art ited to plates be slipped along the small beams to any desired 1 and are slotted so that any size hanger can be used hine tool equipment is placed in four rows, two n either side, leaving a wide aisle in the center ; chinery is motor driven in groups. Instead of belt or chain drive the lineshafts are geared directly motors, gears of similar size being used so that re interchangeable The benches along the side re 35 in. high and 23 in. wide. The front part of nch is of maple and the back part of pine, 2 in. in ess. The legs of the cast-iron bench supports are is pipe that is screwed into fittings that are fastened floor e plant is heated by cast-iron radiators hung from tl lls under the benches, a 2-in. space being left between nches and walls, to allow the heat to rise. A back benches 3 in. high prevents tools from falling bac] em rtificial illumination is furnished by 100-watt Mazda s hung in three rows 9% ft. from the floor and spaced 10 ft. each way. These lamps are set in 18-in reflec \ few 250-watt lamps are also used. There are tw oards in the center of the side wall on each floor trol the light and power circuits. All electric wiri ed in conduits. At one end of each floor is a lava or the workmen. The wash bowls are provided with hot and cold water. On the third floor is a restaurant he workmen. he shop is conveniently arranged for routing work gh the different departments. On the first floor art d the grinding, stock and shipping departments and on the second floor the milling department and tool and on the third floor the finishing department. The which f is stored in a nearly one end ~ , consists of steel bars, is ular position on wooden racks at r. There it is cut to lengths elevator at ent on the ind taken 1 i 2-t building to the turnings \fter finished the From the end of the third floor ene ein es to the second floor for milling there it the hardening room that is located in a separate e a few feet away fr t un building. This g is 24x 30 ft. and is equipped with one electric and turn es \ ft eIng ( +! t < , ding room on é rs r t nishit ny ling the main building is a powerhouse equipp: 25-hp ie City Iron Works boiler and a t1oo-1 s ™ ise turbo-generator. The motors are driven by It, 60-cycle, three-phase alte current. An in- the f the plant is the ie company’s rnating fact that hy. +} I feature own } +9 - , - } y about 50 ft. trom the sht and heat is furnished ral gas well that is located onl uilding house and the pressure is fu + The gas is reduced to a 22-lb. pressure at rther reduced to 8 boiler room ~] | ands Mather & Co., Cleveland. sent cast tha ore analysis booklet for 1913, listing 10 old range Bes er ores, 12 Mesaba ores, 13 old have range non-Bessemer } silicious ores IS Mesaba non-Bessemer ores and fuel for THE IRON AGE \ Motor-Operated Slag Ladie and Charging Cars stitute for fhe tiltir f slag cars by com ess i : + { x 10t ive een tri i t al omeit ng & Re neg Da a r¢€ 1 t ; and 5 5 s \\ g i ' 1 i \ y ‘ e¢ t e cl Ff \ ( \ I m the Cal i et 1 ti Tr} i \ ' pro eileiy A te ¢ ' \not t I w \\ en y Wes wiht > ' ' rn i AC ith mtro nt ntal | conti er wi 1! ‘ ‘ railtr i pract ce e 1 rs I } : quirements ls special s ! I porta racterist - nz pows l spac () f ' te re ‘ { i aa | | ; te - — | L - an ‘ v ‘ S ired rir ‘ ~ \ y ul : ] ! nm om ¢ me? uc t i ' \t : ‘ a - ail I ru Am ‘ rice I n ad I 5 i} Vul . ' uniot re mi ‘ + +4 provide for a dail ‘ n : as 4 ron th uddler pr Mi : ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ oppos if as it W rit e { : ‘ , r ct nee : ent « r iF a ' Welfare Work in an Ohio Rolling Mill To Special Accident Relief by the Company Good Housing and Other Methods of Secur- ing Continuous Service of Unskilled Labor ——_---- cali + Ci at Piece Ein - maine ya Tee Se ee aS | a? s aha ED : } ’ Ti all ; \ fe : i tor nd : : . rh thnereatter ke week, “4 ' ber i1 t 3 a a & oa > aes ers e country are begin r by reason of sickness or accident \ nin mportancs i king more closely int paid for the first week’s disability In case the ( ary labore In for r y¢ ting trom accident or sickness, a sum ns was more i I hal than $100 is allowed for funeral and other expe ¢ ic ‘ t f « large « € aaa Special Accident Compensation er to get and retail! full a worl 1 In addition to the benefits above mentions ] would be more efficient when contented pany has independently provided a special accident erican Rolling Mill Company, Middletown, Ohi that covers only accidents that result fatally. Th« ed on extensive experimental work, some of wl d dependents is regulated by the size ered a period of years | ma said eased employee's family and the years of his set 1 part of the esta shed iC ofr tl ompany follows \merican Rolling Mill Mutual B \ssociatior The sum of $350 is paid to the widow, mother ample as now bee n existence ‘ » years dependent, of any employee who has been in th I ! ( I ore lo this st S t pa each child ndert } those etwec ro and ct r those etween I5 and S veal the ¢ npl et has ( iv Sso is added to the $350 hus the total th S t ‘ eat ; i en wl een in the employ ot t I] eeriod of 10 yé would be $qQ50; an e I ir employee left six children under to years t nt of the death benefit would be increas« $ ly accepting this special death benefit, the dec 1T | ’s relatives waive no legal claims against the < rkmet pany, but simply sign a receipt for the amount. It rel rund expedient in some cases to invest the a é rder to safeguard the interests of the heirs, rembers registra may not be capable of properly handling the funds 1es, al : ents per mont lone through a special committee appointed to inv er a pay nt $6 g each cast : I On ne-half of the above-named amount of the 41 1 death accident benefit is given to foreign-born etry 3 THE IRON AGE 76 ve not become citizens ot nited States. This proviso een added t induce toreign en to take out naturaliza ipers, and not return t native countries after accu ng a little surplus money of the company’s princt- ubles when starting out e question of housing its ees, especially the foreign- nd their families. \. K an expert in such matters, had several years’ experi- ith different steel compa- is called in and the results work will doubtless interest facturers in other localities both American-born and labor is empl ry ed number of cottages and dwelling houses’ wert n the company’s property near the plant, and these sults ha eer baie = rented at a nominal rate to workmen, with the ire simply rve a rstanding that they were to be kept in sanitary con : ‘ 3 4 Each house is supplied with running water and Club for Foreign Workme: / lajority of them have sanitary plumbing. For the \nother special work has be two years, as an encouragement to the occupants n the opening of club rooms tl these homes to improve their living conditions, the f the foreign workmen. The iny gives out each month 12 prizes of $1 each for th g ar mfortably f ept houses. The small cost of this does not begit rom 8 a. 1 ntil 10 p. n gulat tfset the benefit derived in the better care of the con are in force, and the com I 's property, as by stirring up a good-natured rivalry that have t e lived up t n the women members of this foreign colony, r« Che secretar i cl a | t B | On +t tract Clu ¢ ¢Civzti I the « | i n le I tf | T sta tioner . } e¢ 1 writin t t led aa \ } T > | la ; anothe le it i force recent! where é P mal! working reneral labor wi! has been im the continuous employ of the company for one Fig. 4—A Typical Street with Company Dwellings year or more, receives an increas - 0 ene easanagre ce THE Rules 1. Only men w mitted to the club rooms, mission 2. Any one bringing beer or whiskey on the premises or who gambles for money there will have his membership card taken away from him. 3. Any one who is intoxicated will not be admitted and any one presenting himself at the club rooms the second time in an intoxicated con ith membership cards will be ad unless by special per dition will have his membership card taken away from him. \ > f go to do his share f the i ny one refusing to do hi lare of the work in caring for the club rooms, etc., as direct ed by the elub’s captain, will have his membership card taken away from hi This club is for MEN, but if the members desire to use the rooms for any assembly purposes or to occasionally give a party, permission will be granted. Permission must be obtair however, befor the rooms can be so used one cent an hour over the general rate paid for « mon labor, and every laborer who has worked two years or more continuously receives an increase of two cents an hour over the regular rate fo illustrate this plan: A man who should w i oO irs each in a month, and who had been in the employ of the company a year, would rece S $2.50 every nth; i he year followi Id be $ nth. Ir er W rds I S st i Ia ents 1 hou he second year he would ri ve 19 nts and the thit ar 20% cents a! By this method the faithful and steady men, if for a1 eason the ld not I m ying highe te le i] e re nd rece nore in those who drift about and stay at each place only 1 sh time This syste s intended to eliminat« i wl { q ust at the time w 1 th re getting pr ent and are most need | pany has found that even in such tasks as the unloading ind sorting of scrap iron, a workman with experience is ( worth more than a green hand. Undoubtedly the experi nee of manufacturers in handling lab« rers in every line work tallies with this, furnishing the reason for th 1iore general adoption of measures like those devised at Middletown to secure continuity in the service alled commor lal Hydraulic Transmission Truck Hauls 45 Tons Another remarkable trailer haul was recently madi the LaFrance hydraulic trucl \ frame e door the new ilts which are being in the ink clearing ust New York City had be moved through the streets of New York This frame, which was made by thx York Safe & Lock Comp is delivered at pier 11, East River. It was placed on a four-wheel wagon which, empty) oh oO | The frame was 7% ft. wide, 9 long d 3 t. thick and weighed 52,600 lb. The hydraulic ck was loaded with e steel plates for the vault, whicl weighed 12,100 | The truck itself weighs 4 tons, § tnat the tot il | € ] ved was 90,100 lb. The shortes to deliver this load t lestination would have beer igh Wall street, but permission to use that street was denied on the ground that the paving would not support the load. Therefore the truck had to proceed in a roundabout way Two a Broa lway to Cedar street. horses were hitched to the pole of the truck to keep the trailer steered right \ grade of 4% per cent. was met on Broadway. To show the tractive effort, the truck was stopped with its load on this grade, but had no difficulty in starting again. The draw-bar pull required to start this load and keep it moving on this hill was, it is stated, a little over gooo lb. This demonstration, it is felt, illustrated how the hydraulic transmission is capable of exerting a tremendous draw-bar pull at starting and at low speeds. The speed at which the load was hauled was 4 miles per hour. It is estimated that it would have taken at least 20 horses to do the job, and they would probably have not moved over 2% miles an hour IRON AGE Mar The American Roller Bearing with Enx + = In The Iron Age of December 12, 1912, was the roller bearing developed by the Ameri Bearing Company, Farmers’ Bank Building, |] {n particular the features of the form of beari cable to use on pulleys and shafting was then In the accompanying illustration is shown the use with vehicles, together with an end thrust f; The drawing shows particularly the two sizes . employed in the bearing, one set, the larger in carrying the load and forming the roller bearing and the other, of smaller diameter, alternating bearing rollers and serving as separators for space: details were mentioned at some length in the article to. At the right of the drawing may be seen the a: ment for end thrust, involving a circle of balls, wit arrangement indicated for minimizing end play, wher example, there may be little or no end thrust at all bearings are as has already been stat no lubrication, the feature being that ther sliding contact, but one of rolling instead. designed, use with \ number of interesting facts have been colle the company bearing on the use to which the ve been put, and included among these is the pet ance of a locomotive bearing, which ran more than miles on the Pennsylvania Railroad, sometimes as 70 miles an hour, and it i that the Pennsy Railroad N. \ stated Company in its shops at Olean, Provision for R Bearing Having End Thrust the bearings in a Sturtevant blast fan making 2400 At last accounts, the ngs had run three years without oil, grease or any kind of lubricant. without stop for 22 hr. a day. Machine Tool Exhibits at the Foundrymen's Chicago Convention Foundry & Machine secretary, Chicago, Phe Hoyt, Exhibition Company, C is not yet prepared to allot for the foundry exhibition to be held at Chicago in Oct \ large number of reservations have been made, howe particularly interesting among them being the spac: quested by a number of machine tool builders. It is posed to have such a representation of machine tools as w | permit the display of a completely equipped machine s! In commenting upon the special interest which the mac! tool builders are taking in this exhibit, Alfred Marshall, Marshall & Huschart Machinery Company, Chicago, sta! that not only did the foundries offer a wide market the sale of machine tools, but more important than that w the opportunity for illustrating to foundrymen the | methods for machining castings. It was pointed out that greater opportunity for manufacturing economy is | sented than in the development of a co-operation betw« the foundry and the machine shop, so that rough casti! when received will require only the minimum and n easily accomplished machining. ao March 27, 1913 New Disk Grinding Machine with Three Wheels ve ; . . ' One of the most recent products of the Gardner Ma- f, ine Company, Beloit, Wis., is a disk grinding machine ich has three steel wheels 18 in. in diameter. This achine, which is designated by the builder as its No. 120 bination disk grinding machine, is claimed to be thx est and most rigid built in the one double-spindk hi PSC. oxy, wo “4 Che arrangement of the capacity of 18 in heels, one at the right end and a pair in the center pe with a nables the surface of a piece to be ground « me side ile the double wheel can be used for grinding the tw irallel sides of a piece simultaneous The right end of the machine sa ckers t an 4 niversal lever feed work table of th Ider’s standa and this construction in conjunction with a singel wheel is employed for grinding one surface at a tim simultaneously grinding the two parallel sides e the pair of wheels in the center is used, the rigl 4 remaining in a fixed position, while the left hand on \ | h B , mounted on a spindle in a head which is 5 mounted in a planed way ine base and 1s ° Lt OvaDi« n the mach 4 adjusted toward and away q from its mate by a rack fastened to the underside a4 that engages with a gear F n the hand lever shaft This arrangement, it is pointed out, permits pressure be obtained as well as enabling parallel pieces of varying widths to be finished, and the fact that the en- tire head moves instead of only the spindle gives a more accurate and larger output, due to the rigidity of the de- sign. A finely threaded stop screw which is graduated in thousandths of an inch regulates the forward travel of the head, and when this screw is once set the operator is THE IRON AGE 7653 enabled to producs iplica é asily at i Che backward travel of the head, which need only be cient to releass piec petw« whe regulated by an adjustable back stop t is empl ed that this device 5 t rt 9 l eces Since if ne pening wet too targe ther¢ WW ild a tel dency for the work t iught between the wheel an work rest In applying pressur¢ pieces ground A i ‘ sed sinc i nect¢ 5 t S t ce S ward travel Babbitt scraping 1s used for t rings which aré¢ cated by compression g1 The end on the gs] direction and a I I nd ¢ steel thrust collar 1 ided t up any end pl ld and elongate it w I sticking The spindle constru head is the same except for resisting thrust The equipn includes differ iS a cast-ir completely ( Sheet metal size of the abrasive ring on this ma in such ¢ ; imp and the ne Face and Barrel Cam Cutting Fixtures ? dea, and feed is pr readily. Power are of the reversible design, the be brought to the attachment, univers feed joints either from the front rear of the milling machine frame, depending upon wh is the more convenient arrangement The smallest ze of cam which can be cut by either of the fixtures is 1% in., and the largest is 6 in. The boxed shipping weight is approximately 225 Ibs * Fig. 764 A Roller Ramming Molding Machine Effective Where Draft Is Not Too Deep —Mechanism for Pattern Plates The Macdonald roller ramming molding machine, which has some features of very recent design, is being made by the Snead & ‘ [ron Works, Jersey City, N. J. The machine was developed in the foundry of that company because its quirements for castings for library book stacks a1 namental iron work demande: higher grade of work produce: lower cost than was possibl. nder other methods. } Phe er of the machine sug- gests at it will bring back to ; t foundry many articles . that have drifted to rolled and riveted steel, drop forgings, etc. \s the illustrations show, the ichine consists briefly of a pat drawing tern device, which may e of the split pattern or stripping plate type, a suitable roll for the on which the ramming angle tracks roll runs, sand, which als¢ THE IRON AGE M ir h 2; a yoke, having hooks adapted to engage the hole: ends of the flasks and shapen out through the scr: the dumping box. The flask is then placed in posit the pattern and the angle iron tracks swung over s lie on top of the flask, and facing sand riddled on f dumping box is lifted up by the crane and its emptied directly into the flask, the sand being retain: the angle tracks. The roll is then reciprocated two or times over the flask, thereby ramming the sand serve to confine the sand _ side- ways, and a strike-off of special periphery, suited to each type of pattern, preceding the roll, the purpose being to profile the sand t secure uniform ramming throughout the mold \ dump- ing box is also provided, open o1 ne side and having a _ coars¢ mesh wire screen over the top The flasks areé irre oth ce pe —s - - an —— 7 ste = Fig Macdonald Molding Machine, 15 Ft. x 30 In. for Making Textile Castings, Set Uy used, and the molds are laid on esting. The Flask has Been Put in Place Over the Pattern, the Sand Dumped on Betwee1 a level sand be« e Rails the Dumping Box, and the Operator Is Ready to Start the Roll Forward by ; . . e H Lever ( t In Fr Him May Be Seen the Lever Controlling the \fter the work . has beet Which Draws the Pattern and Vibrates It poured the « ypes are lifted oft with the sand in them and piled on one side, the san tracks are thrown back, the surplus sand struck off, 1 being tempered by throwing water over it as the flasks ar ittern drawn and the half mold lifted up by the cra handled. The castings are removed from the drags, whicl and placed in position on the floor. The copes are similar! are left lying in their place on the floor. When the mold treated. The photographs show a machine on the testi ing process is begun the drags are lifted up by means ich was built for a textile machinery foundry, t } 4 Sectional 2—Part Pattern Draw Machine, S! Springs ing 1lOoOWINg Elevation Method of Moving the Table and the Counter Balancing THE IRON AGE 705 s used being 15 ft. long, 30 in. wide and 7 in. deep, trunnions on the side which are connected through link A and drag. W hile the usual type of stripping plate pat- short crank arms i on the rocker shafts Lhe spindle is can be employed, it has been found that with this turned by bevel gearing e connected by the shaft u with a »f apparatus split patterns can be used for most worm gear reducer which is driven by an electric mot . es of work will be seen that when the pattern is in its upper posit Raising and Lowering the Pattern Plate . ¥ bees oe me eae al nae a agen ae cael - a ne ae | is kX Wilt ne rank al . on € TOCcKe sn [he pattern drawing machine is operated by means of torm another toggle which is also practically straight electriz motor, controlled through an automatic starter this combination the initial vement of the pattern as it in operator’s switch, which can be seen just in front leaves the sand is very slow, increasing rapidly toward its lownmost position, It has been lasks of such larg g e pattern suddet f + pulling sa ug ‘ ‘3 . alin { i le nd at ; ping | na requit Plaster of Paris Pattern he pl yed S near atte he < ; te rials than 1 makers paris patterns the st? i! le ; us rioratiot about the tte § that t Q plet i ne ne i vc} . \ Mold Lifted Off from the Machine After the Pattern Has Been Dr This ¢ ‘ ol ; ; Work Is Usually Done with Stripping Plates. Note the Special Projectior e Strike la Off to Remove Surplus Sand Above the Top of These Long ‘ Ribs ertical ' , nt : ncing ' the workman in Fig. 1. Throwing this switch to on ployed to aid in cart : . : drops the pattern, and the electric circuit 1s auto- ind pattern. and thus 1 J on { raties ; ally broken when the pattern reaches its extreme low ism is reduced to a sition. Reversing this switch returns the pattern to its that all shafts have an equal torsiot tial position, where an automatic stop is also provided dency 1e operating mec! ferring to the line drawing, it will be seen that the plate in any direction which the patterns are carried is raised and lowered by ; : ‘ "J ; . Sh atin Adjustment for Varying Thickness of Patterns ns of vertical toggle links / and m, which are actuated ’ ynnecting rods k, joined to crank arms / on the paral- \djustment is provided to locate t ight of the ta rocker shafts ¢, running crosswise near the middle of to suit variations in thickness of the patter ind the machine. Between these rocker shafts is a vertical pins are mnected with t plate 1 ball and eaded spindle, f, on which runs a bronze nut, g, having joint so that the plate can be slightl ted withot J Lite . “ie ae ‘ is a wilt ae ey == = << a a er meee ew Fig. 4—View in the Snead Foundry, Giving an Idea of the Capacity of the Macdonald Molding Machine The Picture Was Taken at 10:40 A. M., Work Having Commenced at 7. Each Floor Is Manned by Two Handy Men 760 ( ing \i i M uN ing the pins t d i guides \ttached to the ma chine is a vibrator which is operated by the same motor that draws the pat S action is simultaneous and the operator does not have to turn on the usual pneu matic vibrato The roll whi performs the ramming Operation 1S mové | ver the flask y a long arn omp< ed of steel channels g eted tl gh them for rack and driven 1 Spring bump ers ( vid to s the 1 xtremes travel 1utomatic reve mechanis is pI ed I tl 1Sé ntrolle y tl operator at any p [The machines adapted to architectural castings, soil pipe, radiators, stove plate, school and theat: seats, piano plates, pipe fittings, lock castings, car castin: and any work that has not too deep draft. The makers fin dvantageous to put a large number of duplicate pattern on one board and mold in multiple In some cases they have as many as 220 patterns on one board. As the fla are handled by overhead hoist it takes comparatively littl more manual work to ram up and lay down flask with 1 large number of molds in it than to la 1 a smal ask by hand with only a fraction the Soil pips manufacturers estimate that on achine is capable turning out from 100 to 120 flasks per day, each flask containing four 4-in. soil pipe. In the 1 5 makers’ own shops two ordinary men on each machine put up 10 flask per day 8 ft. long and 30 in. wide. Some of the patterns used by Snead are highly ornamental, and the machine will reproduce intricate designs with great fidelity A Quick-Acting Lever Bench Vise improved typ« An VJ f quick-acting lever vise has been recently brought out by Fisher & Norris, Trenton, N. J The locking device is the principal improvement in it, and the advantage claimed for the arrangement is quick action combined with ywerful holding qualities. Among the fields for whicl the vise is de signed te be used are the manufac ture and repair of automobiles, _ pri- vate garages and general machine shop work. The gripping power of the consists of a com- bination and toggle motion Use vi Sc wedge ‘ ed Quick-Acti1 Lever Vise for Shops of All Kinds THE IRON AGE March and it is pointed out that the grip does n on friction but is positive, being actuated b and rack piece which are made of tool st true machine cut teeth. In operating the the lever is thrown all the way back, the sli can be moved in or out at will. After the work is between the jaws, the movable one is closed ag work by a slight pressure of the thumb against pin in the end of the sword, while the lever with already resting upon it is brought forward and ¢ work so that it cannot be released until the lever is back. The vise can be used equally well for eith or chipping. File-cut cast tool steel is employed for facing and the body is made of gunmetal. The vise is n five sizes with both plain and swivel bases. The w jaw in the smallest size is 234 in. and the opening while in the largest size the jaws are 6% in. wide open to maximum width of II in. A New Application of the Fluting Machin. By the use of a spécial tail fixture having offset disks, the Bickford Machine Company, Greenfield, has made it possible to square taps and reamers automatic fluting machine which was. illustrated Iron Age, January 25, 1912. These disks grip th end of the tap, the other end being held by a special ng dog which has sharp, ‘inwardly projecting cot These grip the work firmly and are tightened up by T-handle screws which are shown in the accompar ie f an Automatic Fluting Machine, Showing a New Fixtur signed to Enable Taps and Reamers to Be i One Machine »quared engraving projecting through the gear guard of the h« center block. The special advantage claimed for squarin work of this nature on centers is that absolute uniforn of the corners is secured, only one side being squared Four pieces can, of course, be squared simul! neously, and as the machine is fully automatic with resp: to the table return and the indexing of the centers, an e nomical production is secured. \lthough it is possible to handle four pieces simult neously, for the sake of clearness only two cutters shown in position in the accompanying engraving, the ot! two having been omitted to show the tail fixture and | method of attaching the center disks. These disks on the fixture which is arranged so as t attached to the machine table in two positions. In t! way the center point of the center disk will line up wit a time reversible the head spindle, irrespective of the way the disk is pu yn, and it is also possible to use both sides of the squarin cutters. With the machine illustrated it is possible to flut and square taps and reamers up to a maximum diamet¢ of 2 in. The Kerr Turbine Company, Wellsville, N. Y., mam facturer of the Economy steam turbine, has appointed F. / Mazzur & Co., 141 Milk street, Boston, as its New Engla: representative es rd Se na ape March 27, 1913 New Electric Grinding Machines An Extensive Line of Portable Machines for Use on Direct-Current Circuits 4 new line of electrically-operated portable grinding achines has been brought out by the Van Dorn & Dutton ympany, Cleveland, Ohio, as an addition to the products its portable tool department which include electrically perated portable drilling and reaming machines. This line f five types of machines equipped with 1/3-h otors for operating on either 110 or 220 volt direct-cu ent circuits at a speed of 4500 r.| the machines are simplicity of construction, durability nsists of p. r The special features | ability to withstand hard service [he machines are ide in the bench, tool post and aerial types which are shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 respectively, while the extended , (ai ial type is illustrated in F1; ~ + the construction of these machines, all parts are auged and are readily interchangeable. Form 1 th ilures are used, e windings and material employ: Fig. 1—The Bench Type Fig —Aerial Machine St I ible G g M ng selected to produce a maximum pow mum weight Swedish iron is used for the pole pieces and the shell of the motor is of special magnetic steel lhe windings are protected by a special process of in ion which is claimed to reduce the trouble fron cuits to a minimum. The commutator is made from iwn copper and mica gauged to micrometer dimension t is stated that the mica used will wear down with the pper and thus result in the elimination of sparking While being built up the segments are held in jigs durin the various operations, including the assembling into ommutator shell and head, thus insuring accuracy. Owin to the design of the commutator and the special construc tion of the shell and head which hold the copper and the insulating segments in place, a solid construction is secured which, it is claimed, effectually prevents distortion « copper segments by heating or speed Che brush holders are located on a fibre insulated base fastened to the head and are easy of access for inspection, cleaning or replacement of the brushes. A small removable shutter makes it unnecessary to dismantle the machine or remove the head to get at the brushes. A ventilating fan is provided to keep the motor cool, although it is claimed that with the winding used the temperature rises but slowly. The wheel end bearings are of phosphor bronze, tapered for adjustment which is accomplished by loosening three screws and turning the bearing housings slightly. There are thrust end bearings which are adjusted by pushing in THE IRON AGE 767 poppet pin and turning the housing one or more notches ich of which represents an adjustment of 0.0005 In Che journals are finished by grinding to provide a smooth wearing surface, and tl il chambers are cast integral with the motor housing. Self feed is provided, and th cups require refilling only at intervals, which is easily accomplished by grease port screws. Two felt wipers run lengthwise of the bearings and distribute the oil evenly ind felt ishers at « r ¢ revent it from runnin Che bench type of machine which is illustrated it designed ii QT sma ols and generally foundry, machine shop a1 shop work, as ws for buffing and polishing Che tool post grinding ma shown in Fig S either exter internal grinding ] iw on illir chines and ind shaping ‘ chines An internal grinding att ent is furnished w this type Tl} \ ited in | has adjustable hand t] the be placed in position. It is made wit! ! also with vd «(| j ] ale ; ' I worl g i i g work nside ‘ icl S ng and polishing Each machi equ nd fused plug for connection t y elect ht nachine e wheels 6 in. in diamet é li é I f W 4 aking steel the elect furnace, France the first position as regards tonnage of output, but M. Ain Coutagne admits, in Lumiére Electrique, that the int of steel thu ade 1 ry small, although ncreasing tle by 1 ‘ iys f applicati n I the t irnace ,.s arth steel ar t n be expected lace yl t c intries where ear and electr sila nere the Te Ss T i na f . » i nt ndinavia, an n il nia Stellite bars for lathe tools can now be obtained up to and including 1 in. square by 6 in. long [he material, which is an alloy of the semi-rare metals, as mentioned a few weeks ago in these columns, is obtainable from El- wood Haynes, Kokomo, Ind, miene% EEL European Electric Steel Automobile Castin Characteristics of Remarkable Castings Made in a Switzerland Steel Foundry — The Electric Process Most Suitable for Fine Work I steel Castings are sec aul it art to a muc reater extent than in this country \ great deal re cal s taken there in the manufacture of these cast ings and the metal is homogen: is ense blow-holes. This enables the walls to be cast \ only one-half as much finish is allowe: S nt Het the machining cost is reduced Castings are als from any composition of metal that is requir: n some castings the carbon content is so low that the etal is often classed with wrought irot lt he I Upper and I er Halves ( Cas : ( \ é g vercentage s so high that he meta s arable t high grade tool steel. Castings are also made with at percentage ol! aT nt i Ss den andec between the e tw extremes In addition t this nicke I tungst molybdenum, titaniu nadiur yper, ilt, boron ani other elements have een added t ( le « a ide from any | 1 of an al that is des \ concern that stands in the front rank ne stec casting akers S the Ler Ky ne = eel W lt l \\ T Ltd Schaffl LLISE Sw itze rland I h togt ns illustrating this art vere furt ‘ y th ny The automobile castings ere show! are made ir a special mpositior t metal yl ] they have name 1 -ast steel.” Numerous tests of this steel show it to hav« a tensile strength of 60,000 |] er s 1 elasti limit of more thar 100 1 contraction 1 exces 50 pe! ent ind an el vatiol etter than 30 pe cent j in. It is in the shock test, however, that it shows the t excellence With test bars resting on supports I apart, a drop that weighed 110 lb. falling 9 ft. ro in. t from 20 to 27 blows to cause rupturs When it is under stood that the official test for |] tive castings in Swit zerland only requires 3 blows before rupture, one can real ize the quality of these castings In Fig. 1 is shown the largest of the automobile cast- ings made. These are the upper and lower halves of the crank case for a 6-cylinder engine. The outer walls are but 14 in. thick, and only % in. is allowed for finish, over the entire surface, where the two halves fit together, this being liOW imper m eratures must be rt te operly 1a appearance ngs The pe side. When machined the metal has a den: no blow-holes or bubble gas ire seen. If there are any, it is sufficient } a. 2 own set of automobile castin i a bled in the rough; no machine worl n the It illustrates the absence of warpage igs. Their walls are 3/16 in. thick. The finish alk e drag side is % in. and on the cope sid outer and inner surfaces presented a smootl ce with absolutely no signs of flaws l of the castings made from this “auto cast steel” and clean surfaces as the est grades composition ot the with this, steel, however, has as other steels are made into castings is good an appearance. When cut into these castir that the outward appearance is not deceitful, a fections are found, and they are positively guar contain any blow-holes ducing the impurities in the molten metal to a just at the right temperature ar: sound to be It is also of vital importance to have the corré ind pouring it Iiportance it strong, castings are carefully made molds and cores, and good ovens bake After that, accurate t obtained, for the correct length of ti the castings, and they must be locat« to properly them anneal n the furnaces so that they will not warp. To negl any one of these operations means a poor product, but each one is carefully performed the best of steel casting e made [here are no secret processes that insur ugh grade castings. If tonnage and low price are the ma tives, however, the fine castings that are made in Eur inot be made in this country In Fig. 3 is shown a group of miscellaneous castings rt ars. They consist of different styles of different and transmission gear cases, axle housings, chain cases, et Ff 1 of these the steel was cast % in. thick, with pra no mis-runs. The foundry loss from bad casting n such parts, is less than five per cent. Only % in. finis s allowed on any of the surfaces to be machined, whet the ome in the drag or in the cope. Even then the met cle better than most castings made in this countr vhere as much as % in. finish is allowed on the cope side In fact, no imperfections are seen when the % in. of rous etal nachined off lr ifacturing such castings the melting process Assembled Set of Automobile Castings 5 March 27, 1913 THE IRON AGE 769 * rst thing to be considered. As good castings cannot st are Iphut ; snganese. carbo! id \btained with the open-hearth process unless the refining oppet done in a basic furnace and the molten steel then trans Che electric furnace will produce steels of much greater : red to an acid furnace and there held for the majority purity than any of th ve processes. Metals that are he gases to escape from the bath, before making the hotter when ready to pour can als taken frot itions that give the kind of steel required. Even then the furnace Vhen this process has ce been establish Iphur and phosphorus cannot be readily reduced and this highest grade of steel castings wi ubtless coms tires the use of high grade material. It is also too ex- the electrically melted and refined steels. The electr nsive unless large castings are made, and hence large rent causes suc] tremendous agitation of the bath that ¢! unts of molten metal handled at one time. Segregation impurities are ¢ passage to the slas lso high in such castings and hard spots often occur Che sulphur and sph ed to mere tra 1r various reasons, high grade steel castings cannot he atmosphe the non-oxidizing ide with the open-hearth process The Bessemer thus the Iter ( , xvere nit ess need not be mentioned, as it is well known to be uN ther injuri ; e oxides. nitrides s adapted to such work than the open-hearth and only ire reduced to a : 1. mall a licable to very cheap castings ind stronget [The small converters are much better, because sound Ry this forming ’ r grained and r ic e- +s T { Ti ese : ' er 1 t exciu l etal cann I ‘ } ) in urities that it does in the processes mention ne xides and occluded gases are reduced and the and phosphorus are kept low. Thus the steel is 1 impurities and strong lt is not equal to t ¢ citric turnace tor refining ste ind 18 more expens t t the latter process was adopted for manufacturing therefor ! astings herewith illustrated I The graphite crucibles used in this country are in ng methods 7 rious to the metal, and hence poorer castings are pro in be entirely literat the case with t ed with them. They have cheapened the process and n destroyed most of the results that made this process Some of the most ¢ gs are : ter than the converter or open-hearth processes In in Fie. 4 Che wheels have red i erica better castings are now made with either of these the larger es shown are the latest tyy f wheels in with metal that is melted in graphite crucibles. The motor car trucks. Son the la stings that are the least homogeneous today are thos ngland are using these wheels, a Frencl it are made by the graphite crucible process and sold in and German governments have s ed them for thei he open market T his 1s largely lue to segregation Som¢ I tar 1 tor tru \ pr nent A erican aut f this is caused by the graphite in the crucibles; some by maker is understood e using them on 100 truck ; the metal being too cold when it is poured into the molds, ther American manufacturers are putting them to sever: ind some by having the gate at the top of the casting, rather tests. For trucks with a capacity below three ton 1an at the bottom. The five elements that segregate the solid rim and hol poked wheels are usually used, ; ; ; j : \ } S } vhile for trucks above three tons both the rims and spokes are cored out. In the smaller of these wheels the metal is but % in. thick and in the larger ones it is 3/16 it In Fig. 5 are*shown various styles of solid and fan blade fly wheels. Only % in. of metal is allowed for machining wherever this is required, while the blades or spokes are but % in. thick he small fillets that can be used without the casting ire also features of these castings \nnealing is a necessity for all high grade steel cast ings. To merely allow castings 1 ool off in the mold or on the floor, after being shaken out of the sand, is p practice. The internal strains are not equalized; the metal will be more or less brittle; there are liable to be har spots, and the grain will be coars¢ iy heating the cast- ings to slightly above the transformation point and then cooling them slowly, a new grain structure is formed that is finer and less crystalline While this 1s forming th internal strains equalize themselves; the hard spots dis appear; the metal becomes more homogeneous, and hen its strength and wearing properties are greater Tf the cooling down time is prolonged enough, very soft, ductile castings are obtained. If a greater hardness is required, they can afterward be heat-treated While the chemical composition of the steel alters thx correct annealing temperature, the ordinary carbon steel castings should be heated to 850 deg. C. and held there for several hours, according to size After that 12 hours should be taken in which to cool them down from tl temperature to below 200 deg. C. They can then be le to atmospheric temperature as rapidly as desired. l heat them below this temperature does not allow the new grain structure to be born, and every degree that they ar¢ heated above that adds to the coarseness of the grain. If heated to 950 or 1000 deg. C. the grain will be as coarse as that of the castin