The Iron Age 1913-01-30: Vol 91 Iss 5

THE IRON AGE stablished 1855 New York, January 30, 1913 Vol. 91: No. 5 _ A Two-Piece Small Type Converter Its Construction Obviates the Necessity of Two Vessels—Details of Procedure by Which Time Is Saved in Making Repairs , a BLA the introduction of small converters for the repair nnot be perly carried out, and the time ta facture of light and intricate steel castings such is very expensiv« luring this time the nverter is out as are used in the automobile and allied trades, it has of use, and the product of the foundry is, therefor been found in practice that owing to the high temperature _portionately reduced. at which the metal must be poured in order to run the In general practice, in order to produce st thin sections called for, the wear on the lining is most day it has been found necessary to have two converters severe. It is impossible with the ordinary converter to which are erated alternately, one being repaired whil get the maximum output and run continuously every day the other is blowing. To overcome this difficulty the without having to shut down for repairs. The expense writer has designed and patented a two-piece converter Top Half of Two-Part Converter Being Rammed Uy Fig. 2—Bott Half Being Rammed Up. Tuyeres Easily Accessibl of repairs is very high, due to the time it takes for cool which in practice has eliminated this period of ina ing, and many ideas have been tried for the reduction tivity and has rendered the operation continuous, thus tt time. One method was to blow cold air into the utting down expense, doubling the capacity of the plant ter after the last blow, this being done for about and making the output of one converter equal to two with fou urs; but the cost was prohibitive and the wear the consequence that inactive stly equipment is en blowers very high. Another method, which is used tirely cut out. This two-piece converter requires no extensively at the present time, is to make one repair every mechanism for effecting the separation of the parts other we and blow continuously all week on this repair. This than an ove rhead or jib crane is advantageous, because after each day’s blowing it is il-kn ct that the greatest wear on a th nverter lining is badly worn, with the consequence blown ynverter s on a plane immediately above the h converter becomes larger and out of shape and tuyeres. With this point in view the converter is sepa tt eres are burned away and have an irregular line. rated through this plane, which is immediately above th As s keeps on increasing each day the blows toward trunnions. The bottom half carries the trunnions, whic! +h ] ] P Ra . o axith 4 ee — se hndéen elf al he end of the weeks must be irregular, cold and dirty, are cast with the ring which encircles the ttom ha } rter Toa se ton of which ic the dix ino line has been one of the drawbacks to the use of a the onvertet she | the t oT I wn j } } viding in converter for the manufacture of steel castings. When of the two parts, and carries the top part of the con the converter is finally shut down for repairs it takes verter. These are bolted together and firmly riveted to from. 12 to 24 hours for it to cool enough for a man to the shell. On the ring immediately over the wind box Stan comfortably inside to make the necessary repairs; is bolted a heavy steel plate which prevents the slag and and owing to the small space there is for working the metal from clogging up the swing door on the wind box 297 BARS. 2S ee =a ‘ i % les lag nea 298 THE IRON AGE while blowing. To this plate is attached a swinging cast iron frame carrying the urners, so that the latter fits into the tuyeres tor ating the converter before blowing. On the top flang the ring are six equidistant shackles, which swing provided for them When the top is put in pl these shackles swing into a slot of a bracket on top and a key is driven through the hole in the head of the shackle, thereby firmly securing both parts t gether On t top half are four eye brackets through which are passed the chain hooks for lowering and lifting this part. There are also two trunnions bolted on this part, in line with the trunnions on the bottom half. Thus, when the top half is being cooled for repairs frame having two journals, which allows the top be swung around in any direction, so that repairing can be done quickly. Immediately after the last blow the crane hooks placed in the eye brackets and the top lifted off; and owing to a special refractory composition used in the joint the two parts separate easily and clean. The joint 3 as smooth as when put together at the beginning of the day’s blowing. The top part is then placed in the frame and swung to cooling position, being: sufficiently ol in two hours’ time for repairing. It has been found it sits on a spt Fig. 3—Joint of Special Refractory Material Spread Over Top of Lining in practice that the hotter it can be patched the better the lining resists the high temperature. The bottom half is then brought into a horizontal position, and the con- dition of the tuyeres and bottom are observed at onc This enables one to ascertain the condition of the verter within a few minutes after the last blow. Owing to its being repaired every morning the dimension lines are kept well defined, and all repairs can be carried out without the use of any forms, boards or special plates. Owing to the ease at getting to the converter a pneumatic ram mer is used for ramming up the lining, so that maximum life is got out of it. The necessity of putting in new tuyeres is entirely eliminated, as they are rammed up every morning to the proper length. This is quite feature, as the mest difficult job in fixing converters is placing the tuyeres, since it is essential for them to be in the same plane to ensure good, clean ideal blowing The lining in the bottom is rammed up to within 1 in from the top. This allows space for refractory material used for making the joint. When the latter is made the top part is lifted by a crane swung over and lowered on the bottom. half, the shackles are fixed into slots. of brackets, the keys tightened, and the converter is. turned over 75 deg. Then it is heated up and is ready for blow- ing by 9 a. m. The total time occupied by the converter man for repairing, closing and heating is only three hours, January 30, vhich is equivalent to the time necessary for the man to have his cupola ready and blast on. Fig. I shows the top being rammed up. The a of forms of any kind is a conspicuous feature. It shows where new gannister has been rammed in, sh the great wear on the dividing line. In Fig. 2 the | half is being rammed up. It demonstrates the eas cessibility of the tuyeres, thereby entirely elimir the ramming in of new ones, as they are kept consta daily repairing. In Fig. 3 a joint of special refr: material is being spread over the top of the lining. 7 approximately 1 in. thick and of special composition, y insures a clean joint when the top is lifted off blowing. Fig. 5 shows top part being lowered on bottom half. The shackles can be seen entering into on the brackets on the top half. At the Michigan Steel Casting Company’s plant, troit, where this converter was designed and devel there are three working, two of which have been in tinuous operation for over two years, giving an aver minimum output of 12 tons a day each. The capacity blow is 1 ton. Both converters have produced up to d over 10,000 blows, and not once has a day been lost d to their not being ready for blowing. The metal is u Fig. 4—Top Part Being Lowered on Bottom Half. Shackles En- tering Slots on Brackets form in analysis and temperature, and cannot be sur- passed by that produced by other methods of melting, not excepting the electrical furnace, which so far has not demonstrated its claimed superiority for steel castings The average time for blowing 1 ton is 11 minutes. The air going into the converter is at atmospheric temperature, as it has already been proved. in practice that preheating the air does not reduce oxidation or time of blowing. This point is fully controlled by analysis of iron from the cupola, diamter of tuyeres, and the plane on which the air strikes the metal. By special fluxing in the cupola the oes not exceed 0.05 per cent., the steel thereby meeting all requirements in chemical and physical test The average analysis of the metal is as follows: Silic 0.27 per cent.; phosphorus, 0.045 per cent.; sulphur, per cent.; manganese, 0.75 per cent.; carbon, 0.20 cent. The average physical test shown tensile strength 76,990 \Ib.; elastic limit, 43,330 Ib.; elongation on 2 26.5 | reduction of area, 30.14 per cent. The steel is poured directly from the converter small ladles. The converter acts as a ladle, thereby keep- ing the metal hotter, and by the aid of a special cor' placed in its mouth the slag is kept. from mixing with metal when being poured into ladle. This converter manufactured and sold by-the Tropenas Converter © pany, which has acquired the patent for the United Stat } i ‘ i sulphur « er cent 1913 THE IRON AGE 299 ng Lift Bridge 186 Ft. Long etails of a Bascule Type Structure ith a Concrete Counterweight is been attracted by the bascule bridge over River, near South Chicago, Ill, along the hicago & Western Indiana Railroad Com- a terminal road for a number of lines en- both by reason of the general design of ind its operating equipment. The bridge, e Strauss design, is one of the longest single e world, being 186 ft. long from the trun- end of the span. It is of the double track type and is exceeded only by the Baltimore road bridge over the same river, which is of gn and has a movable span of 230 ft. The hs 1,100,000 lb., exclusive of the slag concrete ht, which weighs approximately 1500 tons. f the bridge, the size of the counterweight, for supporting it and the electrical installa- tures about the bridge that are especially mention. was no available power within several. miles of the bridge, it became necessary for the pany to install its own plant. This was de- ossess sufficient capacity to handle the bridge ly at all times, with sufficient allowance to take ther bridge, if four tracks shouldbe installed. » the size of the plant and still have power avail- ll times the use of a storage battery with a maxi- utput of 640 ampere hours was détided upon, At only a portion of the battery space is filled with » remaining ones to be added later as the condi- might require. The powerhouse, which is of fire- nstruction, is located on the right-of-way about 70 ft. from the bridge. It is divided into two distinct rooms, with separate entrances, the battery plant being in one and the charging apparatus in the other. The floor of the house is on a level with the tracks, which elevated at this point, an arrangement which gives an ample basement under the engine room. The Manchester type of plate of the Electric Storage Company is used and the present installation is ipable of raising and lowering the bridge 20 times with- it entirely exhausting the charge. The charging rate of ttery is 55 amperes and under the present condi- it is charged twice a week for periods of 6 to 8 hr. charging apparatus, which is installed in duplicate, ts of 30-hp. National Meter Company’s gasoline en- nnected directly to a Roth dynamo and a 5-hp. for a smaller battery, which is used for signal pur- s. lighting the building and operating the auxiliary ts on the automatic devices for the bridge operation tection. ling water for the engines is obtained from a cis- below the level of the water of the river. The filtered through gravel to the cistern and is an electrically-driven house pump to a tank on f the powerhouse. Separate circulating pumps led for each of thé larger engines. An ample fuel is obtained from a storage tank, having a f 1000 gal. of gasoline, which is installed a short from the powerhouse. A compressed air plant f a direct-connected motor-driven compressor, pacity of 15 cu. ft., and storage tanks of 100 pacity have been installed in the basement to he starting of the engines and the furnishing of bridge, the air being piped from the storage ~h engine and also to the bridge. A hot water h maintains a temperature of 60 deg. F. in the ither is employed to heat the entire building, he battery room and the basement. switchboard in the powerhouse, the current ted to the operator’s house in underground lead ble. The motive power employed in lifting the sts of two 65-hp. General Electric motors and 25-hp. motor. In raising the span, the two rs are operated in series parallel, an arrang® h, when battery current is being used, has economic and reliable, as maximum torque is raise the bridge from its seat with the two series. The time of lifting varies from 1 to I I-3 I W | ve m rs ' A the ry t A > ok it IS cre > l t 2 UT er normal condit s, the start t is 365 iperes 220 volts, and this drops off as the resistance in the is cut out. When the motors are thrown from the series operating position to the parallel one, the current rises tO a maximum value of 400 amperes and falls off gradually to 300, until tl bridge runs into the automatic stop and tl rakes are applied. The current for raising the bridge off its seat with only one motor is 500 amper Both of the large motors and the 4-hp. one operating the bridge lock are equipped with solenoid brakes, with an airbrake on the first reduction shaft of the lifting machin- ery and the necessary valves. This was one of the first bridge installations where air was used for braking pur- poses, but it has been found very effective and will hold the bridge in any positiot All of the motors are electrically interlocked, thus pre- venting the operator from performing an operation out of its proper sequence. Until the lock motor has with- lrawn the bridge lock and come to rest, it is impossible for the span raising motors to receive current, and in low- ering the bridge, the lock motor is inoperative until the The Bridge of the Chicago & Western Indiana Railroad Over the Calumet River. This Structure is One of the Largest of Its Kind and Is Operated by Electric Motors large motors have come to rest and the bridge is seated A contact switch on the end of the bridge closes the cir- cuit only when the structure is within 1 in. of its seat and also furnishes a double protection. When the bridge has reached a predetermined point in its upward travel, the current to the main motors is automatically cut off and it is impossible to lift the structure any higher. When the bridge reaches this position, reversing the controller han- dle makes it possible to reverse the lifting motors and lower the bridge. No automatic stops are installed on the nearly closed position of the | entirely to the operator. ridge, the closing being left The electrical control of the bridge is interlocked with the railroad signal system so that it is impossible for the controllers to permit the motors to receive current until the proper danger signals have been set and the master iever of the signal interlocking stand withdrawn. This last operation gives current to the contactors of the bridge equipment and the very first operation of the bridge devices locks the ‘master lever, thus preventing the sig- nals from being thrown to the clear position. These sig- nals are not released until the bridge has been entirely locked up and the master lever released. The complete electrical equipment, including the design of the powerhouse, was furnished by C. H. Norwood, con- tracting engineer, Chicago, III eet ob fs diel I 4 4 4 i $ | : : a James Gayley Receives the Perkin Gold Medal Honor Conferred by Chemical Societies in Recognition of Valuable Service to Industry in In recognition of his contribution to metallurgical chemistry through his invention of a method and ap- paratus for dry air blast in connection with the oper- ation of blast furnaces, James Gayley, formerly first vice president of the United States Steel Corporation, was presented with the Perkin Gold Medal at Rumford Hall, so East Forty-first street, New York, on the evening of January 24. The medal was founded in 1906 by a number of chemists in commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of the coal tar color in- dustry, and was awarded first to Sir William H. Perkin in that year for his discovery of mauve. It is awarded annually for the most valuable work in ap- plied chemistry, and ac- cording to the rules gov- erning the award may be given only to chemists residing in the United States. The medal was presented to Mr. Gayley by .Prof. Charles F. Chandler, senior American past president of the Society of Chemical In- dustry, an _ international organization with head- quarters in London, on behalf of the Perkin medal committee of the Associ- ated Chemical and Elec- trochemical Societies of America. The occasion of the presentation was the Jan- uary meeting of the New York section of the Society of Chemical Industry. Prof. M. C. Whitaker, Columbia University, chairman of the local sec- tion of the society, pre- sided over the meeting and after brief introductory remarks presented Professor Chandler, who gave a sketch of Mr. Gayley’s career, particularly dwelling on his achieve- ment in industrial chemistry. JAMES Mr. Gayley’s Professional Work Professor Chandler said: “This medal has been awarded to Mr. Gayley by the Perkin Medal Committee of the Associated Chemical and Electrochemical Societies of America in recognition of his most valuable work in chemical metallurgy. “James Gayley is the’ maternal grand nephew of Sir Henry Bell, who established steam navigation on the Clyde, where he launched the Comet in 1812. He was born at Lock Haven, Pa., October 11, 1855, the son of Samuel A. and Agnes (Malcolm) Gayley. He was edu- cated at West Nottingham Academy, Md., and gradu- ated from Lafayette College in 1876 with the degree of mining engineer. In 1906 he received from the University of Pennsylvania the honorary degree of doctor of-science, and in 1912 the same degree from Lehigh University. In 1908 he received the Elliot Cresson Gold Medal for the Promotion of the Mechanic Arts from the Franklin Institute. “Mr. Gayley began his professional life as chemist for the Crane Iron Company, Catasauqua, Pa., 1877-80. He was next superintendent of the Missouri Furnace Com- Perfecting Dry —Copyright, 1912, by Marceau, New York 300 Air Blast pany, St. Louis, and later was the manager of furnaces of the E. & G. Brooke Company, Birds 1880-85. In 1885 he became manager of the naces at the Edgar Thomson works, and he w: quently promoted to the position of manager Edgar Thomson Works, and he later became a of the Carnegie Steel Company. In 1901 he was mad first vice-president of the U. S. Steel Corporation, re. maining in this position until 1609. He was the ntor of furnace improvements bronze cooling plat: for ladle in pouring By semer heats and the dr air blast. “Were it not that have with us tonight Mr Gayley himself, it w be my duty and pleasur to give you a history his various most valuable contributions to metallur gical chemistry. But you would certainly prefer to learn this from his ow: lips, I will content myself with saying that I cannot recall a more far-reaching invention than that of th dry air blast for the manu facture of iron, for whic he received, between tober 23, 1894, and Sey tember 5, I9QII, no less than 15 successive patents in this country. I am told that his results in this di- rection alone mean a rt duction of at least $1 per ton in the cost of produ ing pig iron besides mak ing it possible for the iron master to produce in weathers a product of un form quality. When on¢ remembers that there wert produced in the United States in the past year 29,000,000 tons of pig iron, it will be seen that this, Mr. Gayley’s invention of the dry blast would mean a saving to the American people of $29,000,- 000 per annum “I have presented to you very briefly the great achieve ments of Mr. Gayley in the field of applied chemistry, but quite fully enough to satisfy you that your Committee 1s fully justified in placing Mr. Gayley by the side of Sir William Perkin and the previous recipients of the Perkin Medal, as one of our greatest industrial chemists and chemical engineers. Mr. Gayley, it gives me great pleas- ure, as the representative of the Society of Chemical In dustry, and the affiliated chemical and electrochemical societies, to place in your hands this beautiful token 0! the appreciation and affection of your fellow chemists.” AYLEY Mr. Gayley’s Response In acknowledgement of the honor bestowed upon fm Mr. “Gayley had prepared an extensive account of the many experiments which preceded success in the working out of the dry air blast. In expressing his appreciation he remarked that the awarding committee “had stepped aside from what is purely a chemical industry to another great industry, that of metallurgy, which, nevertheless, ' one in which the application of chemistry is the °o™ trolling factor.” He added that “this recognition of the 30, IQI3 of chemistry brings with it a keen sense of of the rare honor and distinction conferred EXPERIMENTS IN g of the early recognition of moisture in ENGLAND ere as a variable element in the manufacture Gayley said that in England it was pro- extract the moisture by passing the air over chloride of calcium; but Sir Lowthian Bell impracticability of that scheme, om account of diminishing power of absorption of calcium Charles Cochrane, an eminent British iron manu- btained a patent on a method of extracting ym the air, but later decided that the game was Mr. Gayley made the point that few nace men realized that the weight of air con- ton of iron is 50 per cent. greater than that ther raw materials combined. In other words, s about 4 tons of ore, coke and limestone to pro- n of pig iron, while 6 tons of the atmosphere is Che necessity of working out data, apart from id been accumulated by refrigerating firms, arose fact that while the latter readily understood rating the air for cold storage rooms the treat- a hurricane of air was an entirely different prob- them. Among other experiments Mr. Gayley tried ion with refrigeration, but did not obtain satis- results. re was no small difficulty in getting the appropri- f $100,000 asked for to build the refrigerating tus at Isabella furnaces. Not until 1903 was an ‘riation secured, though Mr. Gayley had offered two efore to assume personally half the expense. Some results secured were detailed, as given in Mr. Gayley’s original paper of October 26, 1904, before the York meeting of the Iron and Steel Institute. Ap- greeted the exhibition of a wall chart, a reproduc- tion of the one given in The Iron Age of February 2, 1911, showing the variableness of moisture in natural air the regularity of dry air. The records obtained at il works from the use of dry air and which in each yvered a considerable period were cited as follows, lifferences being due to different raw materials and personal equation of management: rks A obtained a decrease in coke consumption of r cent. and an increase in output of 23 per cent. rks B obtained a decrease in coke consumption of ent. and an increase in output of 15.3 per cent. rks C obtained a decrease in coke consumption of ent. and an increase in output of 11.8 per cent. rks D obtained a decrease in coke consumption of cent. and an increase in output of 16 per cent the candle. Mr. Gayley only referred in passing to the theories 1 to account for the fuel saving, which had been be in excess of what is necessary to dissociate sture. The names of Prof. Henry M. Howe, Prof Richards and J. E. Johnson, Jr., were mentioned those who-had ably discussed this phase of the In conclusion Mr. Gayley said: AIR BLAST AND OTHER DISCOVERIES Toward a full consideration of the dry air blast, a few may be referred to briefly: did not come into its work as did the Nielson hot n 1828, when the art was crude and the-appliances furnace were poorly adapted to the work. Yet to ‘tchman Nielson all credit is due for effecting a ving of 30 per cent. dry air blast was tried out when the equipment furnace was as perfect as human skill could make chemistry of furnace operations was well under- ind its management was on a skillful and scientific in, it was not possible for dry air blast to have perimental stage. Nearly every device or process tested in an experimental way, and on a compara- nexpensive scale. Bessemer could blow air through metal in a pot and demonstrate the value of the tic process, but it would have been of no value to small plant to refrigerate a part of the air; nothing ve would have been shown. Nor would it have any value to treat the whole air supply of a tive or toy furnace. To efficiently demonstrate its it had to be applied to a furnace that was equipped THE IRON AGE 301 ind operated a rding to the most advanced stat f the art, and not only was it essential that the whole air sup ply should be treated, but also that the method and means yt treatment s easure up im capacity and ethciency, pe S siy aS al rt the ther accessories t a modern blast furnace lo achieve this it required time, patience and many experiments; and now with its accomplishment in removing irr 10st important and variable factor in the winning of iron from its ores apparently removes the last barrier to the attainment of ultimate economy in the present field of practice.” Tributes to Mr. Gayley and His Process Prof. Henry M. Howe followed Mr. Gayley with an ; var} ! ] address which dwelt upon the dry air blast and its great benefit to the iron industry. He saying remarks by interesting as are the other aspects of the Gay- opene d his ley process, the greatest interest lies, I think, in the light which it throws on the matter of expert evidence and on the value of expert opinion.” Of the blast furnace, Professor Howe said: “Like every mundane process that seems simple it is in fact of a complexity so overwhelming that the human mind is inherently and‘incurably impotent to grasp it. We rub our eyes and, seeing as far as the end of our noses, assume that we see to the end of the universe.” \fter relat ng the advantages that followed the introduction of the Gayley process, Dr. Howe alluded to those who were at first skeptical of the saving gained by refrigeration of the air blast in these words: “Its preposterousness was promptly and convincingly exposed by the public spirited experts who were prevented geo- graphically from™knowing Mr. Gayley’s character.” Prof. Edward Hart of Lafayette College, Easton, Pa., of which Mr. Gayley is a trustee and to which he gave the Gayley Chemical and Metallurgical Laboratory, gave several reminiscences of a personal character, especially concerning Mr. Gayley’s early days at Lafayette, and spoke with appreciation of the time and money which Mr. Gayley had given to the institution. Dr. Rossiter W Raymond, secretary emeritus of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, also gave an address, in which he touched upon Mr. Gayley’s achievements and his days college Recipients of the Medal Since the founding of the Perkin Medal it has been received by the following in preceding years Sir Wil liam H. Perkin, J. B. F. Herreshoff, for services ren- dered to the chemical industries of the United States; Arno Behr, for services rendered the corn products in dustry; Edward G. Acheson, for general work in electro chemistry, particularly the production of graphite and Charles M. Hall, for the valuable processes for the abrasives in the electric furnace: discovery of commercially manufacture of aluminum; Herman Frasch, for the de- sulphurizing of Ohio petroleum and the development of the process and minipg of sulphur in Louisiana The presentation to Mr. Gayley was attended by President James A. Farrell, of the United States Steel Corporation, and other officials of large orporations, about 300 per sons being present Prior to the meeting an informal dinner was held at the Chemists’ Club, 52 East Forty- first street \ full report of the proceedings has been forwarded to England by Dr. Parker C. MclIlhiney, secre- tary of the New York section of the society, and will be published in the journal of the Society of Chemical Industrv The Eagle Claw Wrench Company, Chicago, is the manufacturer and its president the inventor of the Eagle Claw wrench for pipe and round The Iron Age of December 5, 1912. Ambler, Holman & Co.. Chicago. are distributers in the United States and Canada head bolts, described in Thomas FE. Pigott has opened a steel warehouse at 632 Frankfort avenue, Cleveland. He will handle cold rolled strip steel made by the Morris & Bailey Steel Company, Pittsburgh, open-hearth steel bars, polished cold drawn bars and some other products. He will make a specialty of cutting material to lengths ml. 4 au hr Ms fy i 8a New Grinding and Polishing Machines Gardner Products Notable for an Extensive Use of Ball Bearings Ball bearings are 1 ng used extensively by the Gardner Machine Cor y, Beloit, Wis., in the disk grind ing and polishing n which it builds. This has been done as the result of extensive tests made by the com- pany, for the purpos mparing ball bearings with the other types ordinarily used. These tests showed that less power was required r equal results in all cases, the sav- ing being most marked in the motor-driven grinding machines and_ thé different types of polishing lathes Fig. 1 shows a disk nding mz ser with motor drive, and Fig. 2 illustrates ie floor type of ball bearing polish ing lathe. Views of two ened of belt-driven disk grinding machines are given in Figs. 3 and 4, being the pattern maker’s machine and a machine with underbelt drive, re spectively. The No. 4 motor-driven grinding machine shown in Fig. 1 is driven by a fully inclosed 5-hp. alternating-cur rent motor. This is equipped with special end yokes and is fitted with radial and thrust ball bearings. The equip- nent shown in the engraving includes right hand uni- versal lever feed table and left hand olai t with squaring gauge and two 23-in. disk wheels The special features characterizing the N 3 floor Fig. 1—No..4 Motor-Driven Grinding Machine Fig. 3—No. 18 Patternmakers’ Disk Grinding Machine Some of the New Ball Bearing Disk Grinding and Polishi THE IRON AGE January 30, type polishing lathe illustrated in Fig. 2 are-th large dimensions of the spindle and the rigid const throughout. This machine is shown arranged for belt drive, but by removing the shield it is poss belt it to an overhead countershaft. Che No. 18 patternmaker’s disk grinding machin« in Fig. 3 is fitted with both ball radial and thrust ings. It is regularly furnished with two 30-in. disk which are faced with a special grade of garnet pa; The No. 2 grinding machine illustrated in Fig arranged for underbelt drive and is fitted with ball and thrust bearings. The spindle pulley is covered shield and the belt passes down through the base machine to a countershaft fastened to the ceiling « floor below. The disk wheels of this machine are 18 diameter. Like the motor-driven machine shown in | this one is equipped with universal lever feed and tables. The full equipment of this machine. includ vheel press for setting up the grinding wheel -ountersha ft In addition to these ball bearing machines the pany is prepared to furnish ball bearing counters for any of its machines and practically all of the grinding machines can be equipped with ball bearing n One of the interesting points brought out in the made by the company was that after the power had shut off from any of the machines equipped with Fig. 2—No. 3 Floor Type Polishi ing Lathe Fig. 4—No. 2 Grinding Machine with Unc er Belt Drive ng Machines Built by the Gardner Machine Company, Beloit, Wis. 30, 1913 he spindle and the disk wheels continued to from 8 to 10 min. In actual practice thi is, Of course, overcome by forcing the work eing ground against the wheel. this an Production of Iron Ore and Pig Iron ist publication of the Department of Mines of ssued late in 1912, deals in part with the iron in- [he total shipments of iron ore from Canadian I91I are reported at 210,344 net tons, against tons in 1910. The shipments from the Wabana ‘ewfoundland, in 1911, by the two Canadian com- perating there, were 1,189,463 net tons, of which ms was shipped to Sydney, Nova Scotia, and to the United States and Europe. The total n of pig iron in Canadian blast furnaces in 1911 535 net tons against 800,797 tons in 1910. The § Canadian ore used in 1911 was 67,434 tons; ted ore, 1,628,368 tons; of mill cinder, 30,298 tons unt of coke used was 1,121,321 tons, of which was from Canadian coal and 577,388 tons ted coke or coke made from imported coal. In ce operations 1,778 men were employed and ges were $1,097,355. The exports of pig iron for re reported at 5870 tons, valued at $1,271,968 verage of $46.33 per ton. It is pointed out that iter part of this was ferrosilicon and ferrophos produced at Welland and Buckingham, respect- ig iron imports for the year were 208,487 tons, it $2,610,980. Of ferromanganese, 7,226 tons, valued at $420,46s. made to continued investigations of th re deposits in territory tributary to the Central On Railroad in the counties of Hastings and Peterbor- All the ore bodies examined are a concentrating sition and the results of-the small operations carried ntermittently at these mines for a good many years spoken of as rather disappointing [he report deals briefly with the recent developments the import rence 1S tro-metallurgy. The work done with a 2500 hp ric furnace for iron smelting at Trollhattan, Sweden ribed and the results are referred to as indicating the neat Sweden Fight electric production of pig iron will in supersede charcoal furnaces in ll reduction furnaces with an aggregate of 25,00 In operation or in course of construction. In ad furnaces with an aggregate of 36,000 hp Dr. Eugene Haanel, director of the who reported at length on electric smelting i hree years ago, says in the present report that ions affecting the production of iron and steel parts of Canada resemble those of Norway and n, suggesting that Canada should find special inter t] the results electric are pro Department he study of with furnaces in James Stewart & Co.’s Operations Canadian Stewart Company, Ltd., was contractor larger part of the work in the building of the inadian Pacific coal handling plant described in n Age of January 16. This is the Canadian of James Stewart & Co., engineers and contractors, general offices are located in the Hudson Terminal New York City. s contracting firm has just been incorporated under me of James Stewart & Co., Inc., with a capital f $3,750,000. It will have $1,000,000 of 7 per cent. ive preferred stock; $1,500,000 of 7 per cent. cumu nd preferred and participating, and $1,250,000 of The statement is made that there will be no pub- ring of the shares. A. M. Stewart will be president; C. Stewart, vice-president; Henry F. Lehmann, ice-president and Western manager; Charles F third vice-president and chief engineer; W. A treasurer, and J. B. A. Fosburgh, secretary firm was formed in 1845 in Ottawa, Canada. In general offices were moved to St. Louis, and 10 were transfered to New York City. It is one Idest contracting firms in the country THE IRON AGE The Mongen Drier for Molds What is known ing of German engineer preheater for the dry- ut by a made as the Mongen foundries has been brought tion and molds in its construc operation are Fig. 1— More Pre M D 1g : ; ' ’ cléear®r { s ns @g I 1ioW ne istruc on differs from that of other mold-drying fur in that there he rect passage of the ust into a tu aving a funne ipe ypening. The ist then mix vith the gases stion draw1 4 siphon arrangement from a coke rna The proport iir and gases are reg- ulated by tl e of the nozzles us« ind the temperature can be kept from exceeding 450 deg. C., or 842 deg. F., thus guarding against the burning of the molds The illustra- tions show the method emp! ! relation of the ventilator, the blast pipe, th hamber and the nozzles. The blast does not pass through the coke. There are no dampers or regulators and therefore molds can not be burned through carelessness or design. The siphon suction is slight and thus the drawing of particles of ash nt voided. a point f some imoortance where molds are inaccessible after The hares ( s al t ) und after tl nre s started fur need ! ittention for two eeretend a LL, R % : BE he ‘ % » & z “ MS j ~ j > e ~~ J 8 Ry r + >> Fig é i 4 > Pr hours. In r ging, the air drav through the charging door, and there is no esca ashes or gas. Complete combustion f carbon to carbonic acid is claimed ee a ee oy ee ary ¥ a 304 THE IRON AGE and hence poisonous gases are not produced. There is very strict government inspection in Germany, but it is stated that the preheater is run freely during working hours. The motor and ventilator are secured against flarebacks in case of interruption of electrical current by the provision of the nozzle a in Fig. 2. The furnace is discharged by pulling out the grate, which is a one piece casting. The lining is fire brick slabs 4 in. thick, and there is asbestos insulation % in. thick to prevent radiation losses. The weight of the stove is about 1650 lb. The motor if housed is 1 hp.; if open 1% hp. The estimate of cost of mold drying by using the preheater is 742 to 20c. a ton. The World’s Output of Electric Steel Records of Five Leading Countries —Only a Small Increase in 1911 The world’s production of steel ingots and castings by the electric process is reported by the Comite des Forges de France as having amounted to 126,476 tons in IQII, as compared with 120,116 tons in 1910 and 47,039 tons in 1909. Kershaw estimates the output in 1908 at about 30,000 tons. The French Association prints a table giving the annual output by Germany and Luxemburg, the United States, Austria and Hungary, and France from 1909 to IQII inclusive. This table, however, is not complete, as the production of electric steel by Sweden in the three years is not included. Nor does the association include the output of electric steel by Italy, Great Britain, Norway and Switzerland, all four of which made steel by this process in recent years. In addition, Spain, Belgium, Rus- sia, Mexico and Japan are reported to have been looking into the merits of the electric process for making steel and some of these countries may have also produced small quantities of electric steel in 1911 and perhaps in some earlier years. Italy has made steel by the electric process regularly since 1903. In Io11 there were 4 electric furnaces in operation in that country, as compared with 2 furnaces in 1910 and 5 furnaces in 1909. At least small quantities of steel by the electric process were therefore made in all three years. No figures for any year seem to be available, however. Great Britain also made considerable quantities of elec- tric steel in 1911, and perhaps in some earlier years. A 2-ton Heroult furnace has been in operation for some time at Baintree making steel castings for automobiles. Elec- tric furnaces are also being operated at Sheffield by Ver- don Cutts & Hoult, the Edgar Allen Company, John Brown & Co., William Jessop & Sons, Vickers’ Sons & Maxim, and Thomas Firth & Sons. While the furnaces operated by these companies are all of small capacity, their product being chiefly steel of a special character for tools, etc., their united output would probably amount to several thou- sand tons annually. At Carlin How in Yorkshire a 15-ton Heroult furnace is being built, which will, it is said. manufacture steel for rails and will considerably increase the annual output of electric steel. The Stobie Steel Com- pany, Sheffield, is now erecting a plant there, which is being equipped with 5 electric steel furnaces—two 15-ton, two 5-ton, and one 3-cwt., the latter to be used as an alloy melting furnace. Some of the electric furnaces in Great 3ritain use molten metal from open hearth furnaces, while others make steel from cold scrap. Statistics of the pro- duction of Bessemer and open-hearth steel ingots and castings only are annually collected in the United King- dom, the manufacturers declining to report to the British Iron Trade Association their annual output of crucible and electric steel ingots and castings. In Sweden in torr there were 13 electric furnaces in operation, as compared with 12 in 1910 and IT in 1909 The production of these furnaces in 1909, 1910 and 1911 will be found in the table given below Norway has made steel by the electric process since early in 1910, a 5-ton furnace having been put in opera- tion at Jossingfjord in the spring of that year. It is re- ported that a 30-ton furnace is now being added. Germany first reported the manufacture of electric steel in 1908, in which year the output was 10,536 metric tons. As shown by the table, the production of steel by the electric process in Germany in 1911 amounted to almost January 30, 91; one-half of the total output reported for the world Th, number of furnaces that made electric steel in Ge: ,any in IQII was 15, as compared with 13 in 1910 and 8 1909 and 1908. France has also reported the manufacture of tric steel since 1908, in which year the quantity was 26 tric tons. For 1911 the number of active electric furnaces is not available, but in 1910 there were 21 furn: in operation, against 12 in 1909 and 7 in 1908. In the first six months of 1912 France made 7920 tons. Austria first reported the manufacture of electri in 1908, when 4333 metric tons were made. In 19 e output was 9048 tons; in 1910 it was 19,672 tons, in 1911, 21,606 tons. Hungary appeared as a maker of el tric steel for the first time in 1910, when 356 metri were reported. In 1911 the output was 1261 tons number of electric furnaces active in Austria and gary in these years is not available. A 2000-kg « furnace is now being installed at the Konigliche Ungari Staatseisenwerke, at Diosgyor, Hungary. Switzerland has also been manufacturing steel by the electric process for some time. It has one furna about 2 tons capacity. In the United States steel by the electric process was first produced in 1908, the output amounting to 55 tons, made by one plant. There is likely to be a considerabl increase in production in the near future, although in the first half of 1912 the otitput is reported by the American Iron and Steel Institute at only 6882 tons, a surprisingly small total. At the present time 14 plants in the United States are equipped with electric furnaces. In addition 5 plants are now installing electric furnaces or have placed contracts for their installation. The number of works fhat made electric steel in 1911 was 9, against 7 in I9gI0, 4 in 1900, and 1 in 1908. The table which the Comite des Forges de France has compiled is given below. The output of electric steel in Sweden for the three years has been added. Gross tons are used for the United States and metric tons for all foreign countries. 1909 1910 191] Tons Tons Tons Germany and Luxemburg 17,773 36,188 60,654 Austria-Hungary a ha eee i 9,048 20,028 22,867 STE REN 5.4 38nd ote keke ahaa 13,762 52,141 29,105 France Victniwhertakmwte vest 6,515 13,445 13,850 Sweden ‘ pee ore 591 431 2.034 BARRE. 6 cnc Cewachaanebecsrenuen 47,689 122,233 128 With the exception of the United States, all the coun- tries named in the table show an encouraging growth in the three years. In this country the output in 1911 fell off from that of 1910 by over 44 per cent. Germany, on the other hand, shows an increase of 24,466 tons, or over 07 per cent Of the total production of electric steel in the United States in 1911 about 27,227 tons were ingots and about 1878 tons castings. Almost all such steel made in this country is taken to the electric furnaces in a molten con- dition from Bessemer converters, open-hearth furnaces or crucible furnaces. On the Continent, however, and to some extent in Great Britain, cold metal is usually charged in the furnaces and melted by electricity. Of the 29,105 tons of electric steel made in the United States in 191! over 6700 tons were alloy steel. In the same year 462 tons of rails were rolled from electric steel. The Ohio Public Service Board has granted authority to the Lake Erie & Youngstown Railroad to issue $9,000,000 in bonds and stock for building a railroad between Con- neaut and Youngstown, Ohio, a distance of 65 miles. Th proposed railroad is designed largely for hauling coal Lake Erie and ore from Conneaut to the Mahoning Valley The company plans the erection of one roundhouse at Conneaut and another at Youngstown. It is reported that the company intends to handle freight traffic with steam locomotives and passenger traffic with gasoline motor cars > The Portsmouth Steel Company, Portsmouth, Oh has made arrangements for moving its offices from the works to the sixth floor of the new First National Bank Building, recently erected at Portsmouth. I913 New York Automobile Show nth National Automobile Show, held in the Palace and Madison Square Garden, New y II to was the largest ever held in New only as to size, but also in regard to at- interest. The first week devoted to and the second to commercial vehicles, with sories on display throughout the two weeks both buildings were parallel in character n all 702 displays housed. In the first week in the Garden and nd Central Palace, the lowest priced car being ind the highest at $7,300. At the <hibited motor cycles. In the veek displays of commercial vehicles in the Gar- the Palace ated cost of all the exhibits was $5,500,000, attendance 400,000. In both buildings space totaled 275,000 ft. The big task of “7 25) was pleasure cars Were shown Palace 23 second mated Garden for the show may be judged from a of materials used. In the Garden 200 tons 1,000,000 ft. of lumber were required In ling of the same building 5000 sq. ft. of mir while the structural work was covered by fireproof azure fabric, all being 1gsten incandescent lamps ‘a the illuminated It is estimated that cars shown were equipped with electric lighting systems week L Week, great in the devoted t had been in the pleasure car but the se is declared to buyer’s better opportunity for inspection and id. The number of was notable r was not SO be excellent fro dis- om the West visitors ft Motor Truck Exhibits ternational Motor Company, New York, exhib- York fire department combination chemical and gon of Mack design, a 5-ton Saurer truck with a 6%-ton Saurer chassis, 2-ton Mack express steel body, a new 1500 to 2000 lb. light deliv- lled the International, a 4-ton Mack truck with n body, a 7%4-ton Mack truck with automatic p, suitable for gravel, coal, asphalt, etc., a I-ton ery wagon, a 10-ton Hewitt truck built for the n of milk \ novel feature of the Interna it was a truck having for a body a huge re- f an Atlas Portland cement barrel. which is n service, principally for the collection of Electric Motor Company, Moline, Ill., showed ton trucks, particular interest being taken in a k with standard stake body, built for Thomas * Co., iron and steel, Brooklyn, N. Y ssel Motor Car Company, Hartford, Wis., 500-lb. heavy delivery car with several new ne of which is a speed regulation which oper speed of the car and not that of the motor by this company were a 1500-lb. delivery with stake body, 4-ton with dumping body if, SSIS . Accessories Shown bit of accessories and parts was extremely rest was added to by novel arrangements nious devices for demonstration. Among rs showing their products were: The Amer H ympany, Waterbury, Conn.; Baldwin Company, Worcester, Mass.; Baldwin Steel w York; Carnegie Steel Chicago Drop Forge & Foundry veland Hardware Company, Cleveland, Ohio; h Company, New York; Corbin Screw w Britain, Conn.; William Cramp & Sons Ship ‘uilding Company, Philadelphia, Pa.; Diamond fg. Company, Indianapolis, Ind.; Joseph Dixon mpany, Jersey City, N. J.; General Electric thenectady, N. Y.; Globe Machine & Stamping leveland, Ohio; B. F. Goodrich Company, Ak- irge 1; le f dis } + ose C Company, Pitts- Company Cor- lartford Machine Screw Company, Hartford, Bright Mfg. Company, Philadelphia, Pa.; Hy- earing Company, Harrison, N.J.; Ingersoll- THE IRON AGE Rand Company, New \ adelphia, Pa.; Link Mossberg \ rk; Janney, Steinmetz Belt Company, Philadelphia, pany, Attleboro, Mass.; National pany, Pittsburgh, Pa.; New Departure Mfg Bristol, Conn.; Thomas Prosser & Son, New \ & Co., Phil Pa.; Frank Tube Com- Company, I nhine- land Machine Works Ci ympany, New York: S. K. F sall Bearing Company, New York; F. W. Spacke Ma- chine Company, Indianapolis, Ind.; Standard Roller Bear- ing Company, Newark, N Cleveland, Ohio Stan Veeder M delphia, Pa fg. Company, Hartf Wells Bros. Co., Greenfield, Mass.; Whitney pany, Hartford, Conn.; J. H. Williams & Co N. Y.; Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Con } Pittsburgh, Pa Machine Tool Display The idea exhibiting machine tools too late a day to was <¢ permit of the assembling of a Standard Welding Company indard Thermometer Company, PI rd { nr Mfg. ¢ Br pany, Ea on ived at large nu ber of exhibits, and this feature of the truck show week was smaller than had been hoped for, but what was wn was excellently arranged and in most cases tools were demonstrated in actual operation. The exhibit occupied a section of the basement in Madison Square Garden A 36-in. vertical turret lathe of the New Era type which was shown by the Bullard Machine T Compat Bridgeport, Conn., excited many favorable expressi pinion. It was demonstrated machining steel truck w : 12 xX 34 in. On similar work in the factory this ma has maintair erage of three hours per eel it of 400 The Potter & Jol nson Machine ‘ ympany ‘aw R. L., showed in operation two 6A. automatic chucking a turning machines, a 15-in. universal ‘ nanufacturing lathe The Garvin Machine Compa New \ in ex hibit of 24 tools, including a new automati ie f cutting oil