The Iron Age 1913-01-16: Vol 91 Iss 3

THE RON AGE tablished 1855 New York, January 16, 1913 Vol. 91: No. 3 - . >| + S 7 Material Handling Plant in a Scrap Yard Unusual Equipment Including Car-Loading Conveyor and Large Shear in Cincinnati Plant of Joseph Joseph & Brothers Company exampl f the successful applicat g1 h the loading chu t 41 n paratus is had in an installation recently m hang er the railroad car Cincinnati old material yard of the Josepl Che conve s of the A-F ste ‘thers Company. The plant is designed for and the parts are placed at interval leulated ut scrap from a shearing machine irrying the materia n t ynvever y scr fter being reduced to satisfactory size to rail: throug] At it per end the material discl I ypposite side of the yard. Beside th n tl swiveled delivery spout. so that it ' » al ing tem, which was built and applied by the A er some area in a car without moving t Ferguson Company, Cincinnati, the shear is interesting he time being be discharged alongsid: tror large size In fact it is of a type s min ste ne to ti tiol f the spout T+ mills and that a machine of its heavy proportions and larg« that the hight of the conveyer has cutti1 upacity should be needed in a scrap yard shows ttom et the spout may have am the caliber of equipment that is now becoming a nécessit vinging r the hopper or gondola in the old metal business its inclinatic r pitch is about 8 ft A drawing had been prepared to show the general ystem has operated to the saving of a larg: features of the installation and the three reproductions time and labor in handling the scrap material betwee from photographs here shown will serve to illustrate some nts indicated. In rt. the f the p ints of the apparatus While the actual schem ally without idditional la r afte is simple, the work is unusual in point of the material hoveled on the é handled and is thought to be the first of its general kin The supporting structure for th provided for a metal scrap yard. One of the pictures the nveyer is of steel, resting ] shows the nearby view of the building containing tl ind the whol nvever is covert vit] , nid shear and the foot of the conveyer. The material cut u f rrugated iron to protect it fros veat nto usable lengths is readily loaded on the drawing v serve dicate the by being thrown or placed on the apt ht e plant s ' 2 material is then carried toward the railroad eyer by means in elect tor ‘ AI unt sufficiently |} dis j } ' ading of Cut Scrap Metal om Cars at Yards of Joseph use pa = ; : - Machine and the Receiving End of the Conveyor at.the Right and 1 Delive : em a 187 = Pe ar ee ey, * aa hl A gl A RN TG ON THE S { | : 1 ca USE shows at the left th 1 I i | als he shelter | ae I ser vit s also giver mveyel Powdered Coal as Open Hearth Fuel 1 { ’ ’ j Yro) f 1 iry 9 La Teta Davidsen d sses t I S vh ch S T { ‘ regener l rt ent! ul ( 101 ’ f al powders ( e the n jal 1 t turna v uceT : : | int eee woe waz —?. A i IR ARE PE POOF 8 AEF DE BO Sie ee bie it rig rf sf Lt 4 ; . . % b | : ’ ui s instar ped in the ( TY? i ~s ~ T 1 > it preheat iT " ‘ 1 ( the n s sists j 1 the heat the met , 7 > g y ¢ I al con : minut indescent is the ng the surroundings ] ] ——— \ ee a =H + VI — ao — —S ~ b r kK i S aie r > - j - 4 Sy A = AT > / - a A . A a~ | SJ Fe / L aes _ ¥ IRON AGE January rf Tose & | thers Company, Ci t n mpurities from the c ng aw with the arch, which ible and expenss The tem such furnaces are claimed to be S ne those f the electric furt I yn f frequent reversals of the dir ! s parts of the furnace are kept e te aturé The rate of the flow enough to prevent deposits of asi Su Iron Con company End e-president squehanna the ast 1 has eased fr ml usquehanna mill and E mill d will place them in operati nuf ring grooved iron skel; It is rstood that the skelp mill J 5 All these mills | ; nerated e ‘ e eration S S the rmer ow t 1 Blast | nace Com ( e been practically ? lachine hed itt 1 . a : 1 Eicon - ee an a. \| croscopic Study of High Speed Tool Steels ri Carbon Conditions as Revealed by Bh Y < ‘ . . . ‘ 7 the Use of Special Etching Solu- tions—Familiar Structures Found teresting and important paper on the mict some high speed tor steels ay 1 Stahl und Eisen November 7, 1912. The author s foll l s, chief chemist and head of the resear eI the Becker Steel Works at Willicl These read rm la far been chiefly studied in the forged or ro \ i] n The author says that this is to be re lilute luti he structure of the steels as cast gives re eas rmation regarding their properties. The or b luting mt hing solutions do not give successful results, a1 14 1S Cast and Annealed C, 1.18%; Cr, 14.1% Fig. 2—Same Stee as Forged Fig. 3—High st and Slowly Cooled. C, 0.44%; W, 17.16%; Cr, 4.42% Fig. 5—Same Steel, Higher Magnit ly. Fig. 7—Same Steel, Heated to Incipient Fusion, Quenched in Tallow Fig. 8—Same Sar n of Nitric Acid. Fig. 9—Forged, Annealed, Quenched in Tallow from Yellow Heat. | Steel Quenched from Incipient Fusion. Etched with the 4% Nitr Acid Solutior Fig \cid. Fig. 12—Same Steel Quenched from Complete Fus Veet ed. Fig. 13-—Same nt Fus Etched with Copper Ammonium Chloride. Fig. 14—Same Sample Etched in 5 Quenched I ~ from Incipient Fusion C, 0.57%; W, 17.21%; Cr, 6.66% Mo, 0.10% e Point, Quenche from Incipient Fusion 189 oe A ROIS FRO LENE oe PS Bwrerres Sa F HST ee oe = ar we eR wem seca nae, ois toma iy « mete se eee en al a a a4 ce RT 190 tained 24 pel in 7 pe ent nromiu The structure of the cast and annealed steel, et vith copper ammonium chloride, consisted for the most part of the eutectic, ledeburite, notwithstanding its low carbon per entage Forging mpletely dest1 ’ the structure of the eutect and the carbide is distributed in streaks through the or und mass. Such ig iron, for it cannot be called steel, which is near the eut point, must have a com paratively low melting point, as was pointed it | the nventor in his patent papers In order to determ1 t about whi arbon in 1 pe cent. chromium stet eutectic appears, a na ngot was cast with 8 per cent. carbon and 14.1 per cent hromium. By a mistake it was heated to ab oo deg C. after cooling. However, the test was not repeated, f subsequent experiments showed that « n it heatings the structure of the eutecti vas not ang any importa xtent Considerable amounts t eut ould still be found in the section etehéd wit! per salt is is shown in Fig. 1. When only abow e1 nt. carbon Ss presel 1e eutectic is not found. The ingot was then forged from 6 cm. dia. to 10 x to n (0.39 39 Fig. 2 shows that the eutectic structure has bee emoved. The steel consists of martensiti rai cated in the direction of forging, and « red \ ilphurous acid used for etching he re sul nded lack borders in which is embedd irbide in larg smaller rounded grains Fig 3 sl s tl structure of high speed steel taken at random from material. Notwithstanding th it shows a surprisingly lar steel was cast and annealed Carbon-Tungsten-Chromium Steel The next steel taken for examination ntained 0.44 per cent. carbon, 17.16 per cent. tungsten and 4.4 nt chromium. The structure as cast and led é ly slowly is shown in Figs. 4, 5 and ¢ im chloride being used for etching Figs. 4 and etched 15 seconds, show that crystals of a darl lored solid solution first separated These are s é borders in which the eutectic lies. Fig es e struc ture after deeper etching, and at 1000 diameters he dark solid solution 1s seen to be made f tw n ents, a dark ground mass and clear carbide appeari1 it ( points, or in a columnar structure. From this it ws that the solid solution sey ting as the metal eezes 1S ‘not uniform in composition, owing to the d sibility Che first part to crystallize is the purest eign elements, and so on further cooling there is S nd ary carbide separation, corresponding to the fre entit of hyper-eutectoid steels. This carbide separation is com plete prevented in the later deposits of the solid solu tion by the high percentage of foreign elements he structure corresponds to that of a 2 pet it. ci n steel If it is heated and quenched in oil, the eutectic does not lisappear until about 1200 deg. C. is reacl ist as the cementite in a 2 per cent. carbon steel does not begin t disappear until about g00 deg. C \ sample wa nally heated to incipient melting and quenched in tall he structure was completely changed, as is shown in Fi "7 etched with copper ammonium chlorid Darl ts a pear first with light etching, very irregular in s e and with ragged edges. With longer etching they are eaten away to deep holes. At the same time a raised network is made evident, hardly attacked at all by the solution. In the interior of the network the eutectic can | before, forming a continuous 1] struct greater in grained than and somewhat amount Carbide Content and Hardening Temperature \s the carbide of high speed the eutectic, it is impossible to steels partly comes fri cause it to disappear pletely by any kind of heat treatment is obtained by hardening from a temperature just below that of incipient fusion am Che lowest amount The etching time of the separate constituents depends very largely on their chemical com- position and the hardening temperature. For this the same metallographic constituents often behav« differently, so that their recognition is mad cult. This is especially noticeable with per ammonium chloride, sulphurous acid working much more unifor It is very interesting to note how the ordinary etching solutions fail with steels heated to incipient fusion. For reason very more diffi- mly THE IRON instan etched amyl-al copper evelop AGE hig. & yrws the for one hour 1m a 4 per cent cohol The constituents m ammonium chloride are ed. first gradually the network in which the eutectic lies January 16, same steel given in Fig nitric acid solut ost easily attack colored brown is The next steel tested contained 0.80 per cent. « »84 per cent. tungsten and 2.86 per cent. chromium i" forged and annealed. The sample was heated le ust began to melt, while the other was at yuching a yellow. It was then quenched in tallow, br throug ongitudinally and prepared for examin Because of the comparatively low percentage of all lements nitric acid could be used for etching, but ( half an hour compared with a few s¢ su rous a or the copper salt. The end he e low temperature showed fine grained martensit« ! not f carbide. Advancing along the piece towar } eated end, the next structure is that of poly edrons as shown in Fig. 9. These grow gradually lar he martensite in them is coarser, and next appears ell known austenite structure of highly heated ( ed higl bon steel. Finally the carbide di tectic is seen, as shown in Figs. 10 an ( is etched in nitric acid, the second in Both reagents de velop entirely the s { ulso the copper salt. Fig. 12 shows the str xtreme point, which was almost complet elte: ter very deep etching for 2 min. in copper n idle Phe sind mass is nearly all ¢ ng isible the arbide of the eutectic arran r] \ sample was then heated to fusion ery slowly in the furnace. The structure is sh 1 13 and 14, etched respectively with copper ar ride and sulphurous acid. Dark color of martensite can be seen with the peculiar str ture ht about by strong heating. They are surrour borders in which eutectic can be seen High Percentage Alloy Steel in high percentage alloy steel was taken ntained 0.57 per cent. carbon, 17.21 per cent. tungstet 6.66 per cent. chromium and 0.Io per cent. molybdenum It is treated in exactly the same way as the previ mple. Copper ammonium chloride failed completely in etchin edium, the part heated to the low temperatur eing very strongly eaten away, while the highly heate art w ttacked. Nitric acid also did not give g sult er les being eaten in the part heated to fusi hile the spaces between remained untouched. Sulphur that the previous sample [That of the part heated fusion hown in Fig. 15. In places the ground mass shom lar black places similar to Fig. 7; in others t *s] vellow colored spots surrounded by blac} rders. A place near the edge clearly showed the aust nitic structure and well crystallized eutectic. In order determine whether the structures found wou!d throw lig! n tual working nditions a good turning tool vw iken from the shop, the point broken off and examined t wed the same structure as in the previously de scribed te Fig. 16 showing the extreme point after eating to fusion and quenching Conclusions I I | the so-called carbide steels origi! ites, in the case of chromium and chrome-tungsten stee! m itectic corresponding to the ledeburite of carbo steels By ins of high chromium percentages, and st! e by mean f chromium and tungsten together, t! ncentratio1 irbide in the solid solution separatit rom the flux tal is so far lowered that free eutect ippears fte th only a few tenths of per cent. irbon present The layers of solid solution separating from chrom showed that the st ructure was just the same as n steels with decreasing temperatures are not un form in nposition because of their small diffusibility. this way the amount of eutectic is still further increased { Icoholic solutions of acids are unsuitable for d eloping the structure of hardened high percentage chrom¢ ungsten steels In many cases, but not always, copp ammonium chloride gives good results. The best etchir medium is sulphurous acid e s tures and cons ents it lened chrome-tungsten steels as in hardene: rbon steels " vy North Wales Hack-Saw Machine development of the geared power hack-saw he North Wales Machine Company, jn e Pa.. is shown in the accompanying illustra neral characteristics the t \\ were descr ed at ] netn in ] é , f 6, 1911, and it wil! suffice here to mention a f« erties of the machine. It has a gravity feed stops after the cut is finished and by means se may cut at any angle to 45 deg. It operates strokes per minute and, it is stated, it will cut in. bar of steel in 2 min. The d ss bushings and the pulley is 12 in. in diam es a 2%-in. belt. The . swing ha ft Tivil Sildal saw frame bearing svy The drive, it should Norton Companies’ Conference n Company and the Norton Grinding ‘ ster, Mass., ference last week by holding an open session added a feature to their annual ernoon at which were present a large num facturers, users of abrasive wheels and grind from all over the Eastern States. The ned to several instructive papers, which wert reopticon views where necessary kers were Dr. W. Irving Clark, head of th vany’s medical department, who } ] is been done in increasing the efficiency of s through improved medical care and inspection betterment; L. E Falls plant, where elect re of alundum are located, his subject being Saunders, superintendent ic furnaces for Charles ipany, on “The isives and Their Manufacture.” an the Norton Grinding Con nding Machines and Their Service to the small models of the electric furnaces were roatior n, manufacturing alundum, and there ts of alundum and crystolon in all rf together with a complete exhibit of the the stages two abrasives re noon a memorial service was held, con Rev. Henry Stiles Bradley, for Milton P. Hig- vas president of the Norton Company and the rinding Company; Arthur C. Scott, formerly ger in Great Britain: George H. Stone, for- THE IRON AGE le! I if t nicago once an > works engineet was killed in an elevat A Universal Multiple-Spindle Drill Head IOI _ ‘ S S | vided t take up t thrust of ich spi ‘ I - i? j | ft aliov gear steel vith « irs¢ utch writ are | 1] , | 1 1 guard not shown in the illustr rdened ‘ | cap screws ar¢ Ca neat 1 ite< I ! . } Ss t (,eologlcal ‘ A sinter Cita San 00 roductios tripoli ] m nt seams t ' nd gr t ighest gra r S extensive dep 5 iit nicke [ . ; } ] + > res. miner paints i undar ‘ 7% ; illustrat s show t \ nes ur irt tn istTi tior r ft iT nd t | ‘ r r double page outline ap ‘ ‘ Sur lable tor distribution is a f umphlet n be obtained from > 17 . “Sf ‘ cr ¢ g of R l lo The reference to castings in the article descrip the Oliver typewriter works in The /r lige of 2 should have emphasized that thes« isting ure and not brass tee , neh met ciple eee An Ce LR NT GE See eae eS eee ee rrr rr eh eee rrr tect ES SO ee eg [eee New Canadian Pacific Coal Handling Plant & Hulett Ore Unloading Type of Machine Designed for New Use— Breakage of Fuel Reduced by Use of Large Buckets the usual met! f uw t that tl al loading is at the front of th S means of gral icket LS nstead of in the rear of the handling equipment nadian | Railway Company transfer system employed the storage yard ng plant built by that I ide as lor is desired independent of the length 1 recently placed i1 erat the dock. In the Fort William plant the Wellman-S ver-Mors I I S I 200 ft. longer than the dock face, s eq ( ith t S exten as desired by extendi pe as the ore unloading n ult ridge runway and trestle. numbers of which are 11 ration at ( docks at the upper lake ports are general larger ore handling plant rthert ed with unloading facilities, but it is clai The Fort Willian nt is thi t instal point in many of these handling plants | equipment for the handlli1 limit ng facilities, not having enough s| the important advantages claimed for 1 hi ulett unloaders make possible the layi: that much of the ( | vith iximum bin capacity, this bin nd it is stated that t sm unloading plant to handle and sl ers justify tl laim | large amount of coal, thus ef duced largely by handling the n lar nits thar nomy and reducing breakage by doing away w done by the sual go é ] on n the b William plant consists of two Hulett the unloadet It ul ( d with 8-t kets, a rehandling and ets for unl ling tl 4 175 It n ngth equipped with a 9-ton ; c hwo Tedett Uniesders tor HandBan ¢ : maximum capacity of 5% tons \s a part of th part Hulett excavating bucket, transfer cars, three handling plant there is a rehandling and stocking bridg: trically driven scale larries with a capacity of 35 toms F ipped with a 360 cu. ft. bucket, having a capacity of 9 eacl 30 steel bins with a capacity of 40 tons eacl tons, which is said to be the largest coal handling bucket necessary tracks, trestles, box car loaders and power ¢« Fi permitted the arrangement of the entire plant r built ment [he bins are located under the trest!e an b Che installation of the Hulett e( ment has red in two rows of 15 bins each spaced 4o ft : 7 ; ° 1 LL rially tween centers and located lengthwise with the track, - t ° 1 1 } 1 +] } different from the layout of the grab bucket plants, and location being shown in the drawing. This arrangé this method of handling, it is claimed, permits an econ- illows for the spotting of 30 cars on the track at omy of space and the installation of a plant of fairly time. Each unloader has a capacity of 450 to 500 good capacity where the available water frontage or dock so that one of the largest lake freighters with a 1: space is limited to about 600 ft. or the length of the ton car can be unloaded in about 12 hr. largest coal boats. The arrangement of the plant is lhe coal is taken from the boats by means of th SR POSE OS LP Cy, tian fe Oy shown in the accompanying dr ving of the layout An ivating buckets of the unloaders and discharged 11 important difference in the method of coal handling in this conveyer car with which each unloader is provided 1Q2 4 AGE Zz O fa + fx Ly e £ > Vw So 4 2s we | ts i ka * «> (i ie oP eet ae? ee Ta Sa EE Ee CaS: ee 194 eee pang ct nnasstacaeeline thine and controls the well as the travel of the machin mo — * zy Lo Ere: NRT SP SPIE I: mem omen amare ence tani tin arte la in et an at. loaders have a travel of an oiler. The trolley rails are about ‘ ' Way Isss ft as rails, being de Signed So as scale larries. Each unloader equalizing trucks, two under the the rear leg of thi 1 | socket rings to give fle il ‘venness in the tr supported from the r end of steel trunnions anc irric »f a swivel bearing which permit ; in\ angle Tl is ¢ ibles the varts of the hold of the vesse vith 2 t cente his 1 } listance from that hatch to th ; hatch | ontrol'it levers | bucket and trolley are located | lez convenient to the erate I ridg nsis fd ) = he a mA nD TROY Ne pon operat in in ( es the ' Ke Ty in ers THE IRON t e f K \ ¢ aim n +} AGE he runway 1a main d end « f January 1 Jf x L40/ NOD = OA) NEMA SSS shear at tl mounted lock end and a leg are on trucks The bridge has a travel leg is about 8 ft for the shear ywers ne legs runway the tower and the +} } it. above the dock, for of the dock, runway The t yf 285 ft., are SO lo span with a cantilever overhat nain tower roo ft. 'ong and a cantilever over! g of the bridg necessary The hight the The cantilever 90 ft. long suincient t give 4o ft. high. bridge is of ck pil the discharge sufficient length t to coal directly into cars sta in tracks. The lower cross beams of the Q ‘ the track on which the bucket trolley t1 lley contains equipment for operating the : ss-transversing motion, the movements ed from the operator’s cab on the trolley traveling the bridge along its runway is | the bridge. The two under the shear leg are 1 spur and bevel and tionary position on two gearing shafting t el tor The connections between the and the vertical driveway shafts on the gs are provided with flexible couplings is carried on eight cast-steel wheels key which run in bronze bearings [wo pairs ( nnected by spur gearing to trolley travel two hoisting motors ar > the on which the bucket operati S ar f these motors is connected by spur gear -ope drums and the other to the hoisting motors act in unison in hoisting the load s supplied with a solenoid brake, designed s the irrent is cut off, thus pr ling a to prevent dropping the load in cast e current. t operating motors are compound wound and as to be used as a dynamic brake whet cket. The trolley is controlled by brakes he tro'le \ travel axle 5. the brake Ss eng air cylinder. The compressor and reserve ir for the ipment of the plant consists of the fol oo hp. motor for moving each unloader this motor being connected by spur and nd shafting to the track wheels and d he unloader at the rate of 75 ft. per mi tor a car haulage drum is geared so as ket car a speed of about 300 ft. per minut bucket is operated by a 75 hp. motor con agnetic controller. Each unloader has a ivel motor geared to large pinions that en n the main girders. This motor has a mas Che bucket leg is rotated by a 25 hp. motor ng beam is hoisted by a 150 hp. compound-wound | to cast-steel drums. The motors and gear- esigned so that the machine can be kept in eration at the rate of one cycle in 50 seconds ge 1s equipped with two 200 hp. motors for hoist- 50 hp. motors for trolley travel and one roo hp. bridge travel. Each scale larry is operated by motors. All the motor equipment was fur- the Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Company ller equipment was furnished by the Cutler- Are fg. Company, Milwaukee. precautions were taken in the construction of protect workmen from injury. The electrical includes a stepdown transformer and converter, he electric current to 220 volts direct current, il reason for providing the low vo!tage being ss dangerous to life. Motors are provided with safety devices, such as slow downs and cut outs h devices add to the safety of employees. Other protection against accidents include guards for | stairs with hand rails in place of ladders THE IRON AGE 195 New 16-In. Cisco Engine Lathe ‘ } } = \ noir é ; 1 ‘ i 1 Tt S ma i nstr t n ] s been ght it Cincinna ron & Steel ( ur t {>} 1 ‘ ; TY) if i i " Ss su ¢ I ‘ & eT i ' £ : ‘ cn i es art t ' 1 ‘ ty. oes & ~ ~ . a ’ \ ngemen ma ssible wag t : i 7 } } : . +) | | s ado ite type W i iCK ’ rt , ; | ‘ f | > i iT t cs Ling eans | i y tT ¢ Ss n ' rm } | wn 1 ; VOT Ww rit nnin if | J ns ire > { i i | | 4 ~ tr f Ti T : Iné nas t ’ rv ] 1) the 1 irKet \ view tne I Ss g t t ‘ 1 mM) nving 17 tratior Cn ; } . 1 . } Strat l¢ t res tor making feex The i ss S Consic } ed rrc , : I ott VW ‘ I ids w Ra aC { ge I et ize of tting 8 “ 350 | ‘ . f 7 oy re 4 it t [he International Acheson Graphite Company iagara Falls, N. Y., has appointed Richard Cary sales manager of its lubricant department, which department handles the lubricants known to the trade as Oildag, Aquadag, Gredag The company’s plans provide for a wider and more thor- ough distribution of its products, especially through the regular trade channels. By this means, and by thoroughly co-operating with the dealers, it is expected to broaden the business materially and enable users to procure these I : products without delay rs ia ef ere a eins grabs” 74; sna f atefine ent ete Compressed Air as a Foundry Auxiliary §— An Enumeration of the Important Applications of Pneumatic Tools E Used in the Making of Castings B ‘ The Newar ! n’s Association, Newark J., at its mont ting held January 8, was addressed by Williar rmstrong, Ingersoll-Rand Company, New York, on “The Use of Pneumatic Tools in the Foundry.” The pape s illustrated with lantern slides. In his in- troductor Mr. Armstrong said he did not pose as a practical foundry man and therefore would not attempt to discourse on foundry practice, but would limit his re marks to those air appliances which lessen labor. increas« output and decrease the cost of foundry production. He remarked also that as the subject was not a new one h Application of the Ro \ Drill probably would not describe any device that was unknown to his hearers and would endeavor to direct attention only to those devices whose commercial value had been proved in actual service. In part Mr. Armstrong said “The first and most important factor in a compressed air installation is t air compressot! The average job bing foundry requires a compressor of 300 to 500 cu. ft piston displacement. Large foundries may use up to 1500 or 2500 cu. ft. Novelty foundries usually require small machines of 50 to 100 cu, ft. displacement “Great care should be exercised in the selection of the compressor, as all the working apparatus and final results rest on the character f the machine insta'led. Thers are no general conditions which will apply equally in all . | ; 1 +4 - 2 , j 1 2 9 cases—each installation requires careful individual consid- eration. The most economical power available generally determines the type of compressor, that is, whether belt drive from line shaft or from electric motor. direct drive from motor rotor, or direct steam driv« Price should not be considered so much as service Compressors Should Be Dirt Proof “The foundry compressor should be as nearly dirt proof as possible and as nearly automatic in its opera- tion as it can be made. Machines that would give perfect satisfaction when operated in connection with a power plant and in charge of skilled engineers frequently go to pieces when installed in a foundry where skilled mechan- ics are not so readily available, where the machine has to take care of itself and where dirt and dust abound. hese remarks refer not so much to the large hich mainta a good size power plant, either for a intly with other departments of the works, as x pendent jobbing foundry which produces such i ercentage of our total foundry product. ; “= Some Air Tools of Recognized Value e ‘The value of the pneumatic chipping hammer foundry, as a saver of time and labor, is so unity onceded that the time has passed when it is deeme« i; essary to submit comparative figures, especially as depends upon the conditions of operation and eff of the air plant. But suffice it to say that for all cl Fs | . ping in foundry work, such as chipping fir astings, cutting gates, risers, buttons off anchors general trimming, one man with one hammer of the pr e will do as much work as three or four men ch by hand. These tools are made in different sizes i ‘ piston strokes of 1 to 5 in., to meet different condi [It is important that the proper size tool should be se for the work, to insure the best results, the short st: tools begin intended for the lighter work, requiring a | and very rapid blow, the longer stroke tools for the | ier work, requiring a heavy and slower blow. The um sizes, with 2 and 3 in. piston stroke, are the sizes generally used for foundry work “The rotating air drill is another very familiar |: saving device, though its field of usefulness in a foundry s somewhat limited. It is more particularly a gen hop tool, possessing a very wide range for drilling, ream ing, tapping, flue rolling, running in stay bolts, studs, other applications seemingly limitless. It has establis! itself next to the pneumatic hammer as a most general used air tool “In portable air tools the sand rammer is unquesti the next in importance to the chipping hammer, as plied to foundry work, and due to the market impr ments that have been made in the construction of this vice, which tend to lessen the shock on the operator, e ion of the operators in the proper way to handle the t has made a permanent place for itself, ev iwainst strong opposition, on the grounds of econon lower production cost, larger output and improved qua product which follow its use, and the adoption has be- more general. ‘The pneumatic rammer does much more than merely to supply the power for the work. It also changes the character of the ramming and gives the operator a variety f execution in the ramming which his muscles, at the best, could not command. The force, the direction, and especial- ly the rapidity of the blows are so completely under the trol of the operator that we might compare the manip- ulation of the rammer to the playing of a musical instru- ment. It relieves the moulder of the most fatiguing de- tail of his work.” What a Sand Rammer Can Do 1¢ After describing several bench and floor rammers, illustrations of which were shown on the screen, Mr \rmstrong went on: “The accompanying figures show the result of some observations made in representative foundries all over the country. They are not merely test figures, but show what can be accomplished with the pnet- matic sand rammer under everyday working conditions. I another instance, a pulley 78 in. in diameter with 24 in face, was peined and rammed complete in three hours “In discussing recently the question of pneumatic sand rammers with the superintendent of one of the best or- ganized and most representative foundries in this country, he made the following comments: The pneumatic sand rammer for foundry work has demonst ed that it is one of the greatest friends and labor savers of the 196 1913 THE IRON AGE 197 When the s mi us t Operation Cost of the Air Hoist > ~ a > + . I ae Se + \ side g ~ ’ . 7 L- . ‘ ‘ . . SAS S ‘ c S s. tor : s and en rs most ‘ : r _ ai S S s } g g eu 5 g v \ i y ray ts g f th ny . . s¢ ug . A ‘ \ S ad ry i © i o a or Wi windlass nee rd | ; . <— . ‘ the ‘ < es d is ad 4 le i: the 1 te pe ‘ tts $0.003 ma 1 44 ; ) : ; 455 s 7 . ; s at h h - ie s ; ; ont : 4 . , T Sty s . ’ m > al is t € Ss fullw f 5 d we A i . ‘ 1 f t é r ‘ ‘ ? ’ f Time in Pe IR " : By S S . : f Cope. $y Hand. Ramr I Ss, W me of tree air t g » | x ] 9 » pre 0 ut | ) ‘ | ‘ t ' ‘ . | meter 1 ft er at o j : ~ - ne ) t ¢ t ‘ ig ‘ ’ ' of ti . —_ ‘ I ¢ t g I I t g ) e load fore } S lly i ‘ : 9 ‘ 9 ‘ ‘ t m t ton t ir y P ¥ Rotary Air Drill at Work on Bedplate in Phillipsburg, N. J., Shops of Ingersoll-Rand Company THE IRON AGE January 16, } ; > 1 { 2 meee scone ~ cee High Versus Low-Pressu —— et REN tS a Sa Te ows» a RE FEA a OE BRE FP ENE LOTT on anne n these tests 1s at 40 Ib malleable castings they can with an ai ings at no pressure lower than 60 hardest to clean, not less than go iterial at ts ability to withstand the impact of tl vill determine the pressure adaptable.” Armstrong quoted and illustrated many c f nd expense saved in cleaning ca ngine cylinders, car couplers, etc., an ilt thorough test of the ecor leaning ynnducted by one of our leading 1 llaboration with one of our largest B l ar e to g in ited form data . t per ton for clean ng castings é sure sand blast, is less than $0.80 : f an equipment valued at $4,0 : erest t O per cent and depreciation 1 . ! r exhaust system.” 3 j An Example in Cleaning Brass Castings uf ] I t described modern san y lesigned by the Thomas W Pang I rstown, Md., and including sand blast ting machine, sand elevator, exha rrestet He then turned attention to the t vith tumbling barrels, and illust1 nes nd results bt ined, among the * rass castings In explaining thes These were put into the barre the 1 nd the time $ I t ] l an and 1 loa maint | 1 this run was 7 sed was > 10 Angular grit, thr In paper read by Prof. William T I mechanical engineering in the O] ‘ 5 lumbus, Ohio. before th Amer “ | ineers at the annual meetin: ) it tl Ss s vn tests conduct n I nd blasting is obtain { | cht stance and rrect ar Sand Sifters and Other Appliances des Dé a itic Sand § a et nd “noe eee wantactnter ae.'tn. ca eff press g ter ; ; 7 r W he 1} ind | t you effect | he ss n r The r torch, he said, had been found a great time a rs n sed for skin drying copes, molds, et tit s, lighting cupolas and repairing casting l¢ » described an air nozzle for blowing blacking cores, et This device is in the shape of a T, ma it ™% in. pipe, with discharge end bushed to abi ¢ 11 ynnected so as to cross the top of tl \ n of hose is connected to the bottom sten f the 7 hich goes to the receptacle holding tl icking \s the air is blown through the top of the 7 t syphons the blacking and blows it in a spray over tl wis A - nd covering every corner or crevice trong said that the exampl: e use of compressed air he had referred to were in |! 1 1) 144) nt ¢ ] sufficient to demonstrate that a foundry n equipped with it cannot produce its output in commerci ‘omy ion with foundries that have adopted the syster Low Pressure Sand Blast Favored by Some The only exception taken by members of the associ on in remarks that followed the paper was in regard Armstrong’s indirect advocacy of high pressures f sand blasting, though at least one member agreed with hi: LY9 THE IRON AGE it was remarked in criticism that the John D. Hibbard, Metal Trades Commissioner iT Ww a> to be economical when so high a pressure was mpression cost more money than the Robert W t s tendere s resigna uct get Sal | blast Sal i | r ‘ I i I val I al NI t ita ‘ Ass ider such toree and t he ind ' ‘ ) ‘ \ James | hart, Maher & WV ues ] ed ha t tie ing ’ ' m 20 lb. pressure s nt f ‘ Tr » ees +} I m ; er ing s saying ‘ rathe t i I the s g t 2 \ iss.” \ question as to h the alt tween 1 I \p! ‘ I ties regarded some of t ipparatu mal tt LX { 1 1 1 1." ' + ¢ 7 . ‘ e ; ¢ ° } l > cu aSACU lt I S > ‘ * n \ewal Vas Swell ‘ der a law recentl ssed ’ | { JdAla ‘ it ' cf y ntere trl é | ede meeti s att T Qo ests vy Giraud Chain Making Machine } c ‘ e j Is, Belgium, in which the stat Doul 5 ( : ¢ ine rming dv : wuilley S liam I a rdinarily made in tl : velding 1 ine will 1 . M M n. diameter of rod, wit nsumy endit é ¢ é se ‘ nt \i S ny other welder now known in this coun r I irther stated that the French works using the 1 at nes now number thirteen, showing that the ! ing ( receiving wide recognition in that count are marketed by the Electro-Mechanical t Ke 93 Arbre Bénit, Brussels, Belgium g the communication are photographs of s, one the welding machine and the other, the chain bending machin The welds Robert J. Sterr« ade in the middle as contrasted with th = ae ks. Details of the machine are at this wri Fou it the view will give an idea of the genera eeting on the ‘ ‘ the machine, which is built in five sizes. The Accide ( pens " He ex ! t to make 50 links per minute 1/16 x 5/321n the bill which will come before the Per t ameter, and the largest 15 links 15/32 x 54 in lature at its present session at ( f laws in other States bearing f om : . a ee diameter The smallest machine occupies recently ena i . os ont ws el ttended : a : low x 4% ft. and the largest 10x 8 x 8 ft. and je h | followed 7 addres range from 3500 to 7700 Ib sussion followed the addr g Ss ae | Getting the Most Out of the [Illustrations of Efforts to Bring Machines . to Maximum Capacity with the Resultant ~~ cue * P - Effect on Overhead Charges and Profit , : as ‘ ¥ i rage oy ting t ¢ M st 34 per ; } to 9 retical capa en uld change the cost to this macill eT \W t $8 tion ar I I I : f g enst per ce yf \i 1m le Same ¢ » : f tinves its preset rp ’ I er, those in autl ! lan t 5 ' W | nd shape of 1 ( ( >it i é n to the workma1 Chit I “ eure Tl following incident shows how j _§ PROfit sessicciscvccssesvecedssaccce vases $4 ‘ ne it 1S insteat rofit of 10 per cent. on each " 4 nachines in a shop had a nth’s wot ipped, the profit would be 32 per cent. More tha z machine was using a feed of 32 ra u the increased output per man and per machine woul : 7 ‘ o : ‘ reman ordered it increased to I i hie I n ncreased yearly plant apacity Of 294 per cent t ‘ s soon as tl for in’s vas turned. dropped I increase in the equipment i e feed again to 1/2 Continued pr ! 1 Sup] the sales were $110,000 per year, with a ‘ t rought the feed and speed up to the apparent limit of $100,000, or a profit of 10 per cent. Now, with t -apacity of the machine rease in thi itput of 294 per cent., the sales wo The s erintendet lread > } e new rate the cost would be $245,000 was receiving high wages, at ( f $78 4.400, OTF 32 per cent. ‘ld the man t | is going to \S al tual fact, the showing would not be as I 0 le] ) pie the sales the seiling crease in output over the present lent t ( t. This would reduce the profits. At greater than, the increa n prom that would reduce the profits would be an incr: ’ i he noise de |] he ine ot the plas ay rol ach productive workman, on a ughing cut could be heard all over the sh But littl f the added strain on him from increased product bE th: i itter nd tec vould have to be paid 20 to 30 per cent. more than ndet For finishit the end pas This would affe nly that portion of the force that 4 i1 ttachment eacl vere ually doing the work on the product. It w . end, were used on the ring I ] rkman put probal increase the pay roll Io per cent ? belt ti ener on cone belt to ¢ the ichine to Suppose these reductions brought the year’s pr pull a heavy cut The net result was nearly ible th lown to $50,000 or $60,000. Comparing this with tl previous tout which had ber | nt t revious profit of $10,000, it shows that a firm can mal i ] - ‘ > yrtune in 10 or 20 years if it will go t A A LL TS Ae CE ER EL Mi A RR MB = 7 and selling. 5 1 ng th a 3/1 n nish ft removed on eacl . : ; = ia eee De way : . : Changes Possible in Overhead Charges side on the rougning Se ind with t e removed n the finishing cut ere to be macl 1 | in a Draper- The following changes in overhead expense would be p t r 4 uF pie é S reman nat if the output were tripled with no increase in the : : j ve ‘ ) lan deci i Ul It} t W © iipiedad wit ( CTeCs if} b : 1 1 1 ¢ i to sé st how « cklv the ( dot The m equipment or the number of men who do actual | chine was speeded to 14 r.p.m \ 1 hinge cut of '%-in n the product Before tripling, the assumption is : i feed per 1 lution was taken witl feed of % in. for each $100 of overhead expenses is divided as showt ! * finishing The machinist objected, s that the belt q : 1 ] ‘ { ‘ ° e BS : would s er such a cu that yling Before After x + spring s : ioe Se won a a are oes © I sine 3 $16.50 $24.00 a — ~~ ‘5! ushing t n’s salaries and expenses 16.00 38.11 i tw | never true it up. Neither thing happened. The t sates Gueeae . ae 14.45 , 4 Sh Oe int ile teal haus MR Lines eek ei a Mek es and catalogues........ 3.00 9.0 : ; t ! : ‘ aeeoSS os : 7.80 9.8 ; : fectly I ense seessasvsenne ani 8.30 16.60 s j t . ss ; ; . M . Pett < freicht. dravage ¢ 9 50 27 00 .. 3 What Working a Machine to Capacity Accomplished ' shop San ie 3.20 "9.( ee ine take Gt ee. a 6.04 BY poe that +} aol sie ae earn s and jigs..... . 9.50 26.( , is Thi a a | » a Lil¢ LV‘ : \ Nall cs > atalu te - ares 6.20 17.5 : ; not know the capacit his machine The machinist in St Its, paint like supplies.. 8.30 24.( rig this case really believed what he said. The roughing cut Col bil | Sots’ a ' : Sf ; 1 ~ ‘ ’ ts, et 3.20 ; ; % f on this job required 11 minutes and the finishing it 6 i a . y . ring ( 295 0 : minutes Fifteen minutes ere necessary for removing $100.00 $225. + 5 : . - ‘ & the finished casting from 1 g and putting in a rough Where $100 had been spent as overhead expense m ; - one. One minute was spent in tool changing total of facturing a machine, $225 would be spent on thre 7 33 minutes for tl ry est previous time for this these machines as overhead expense, after the plant R. 5 operation was 95 minut put had been tripled, with no increase in the equip a ‘ : : ea : ' . se i ; F Let us analyze what this means to 1 rm. If t tin The overhead expense on one would be $75 Thu j on every operation in the plant 1 be cut in the same overhead expense on any one machine, built after >. . e . - . . e ' oe proportion, the time and labor st could be cut 66 per ncreased output, would be only three-fourths of wl F cent. The firm, in the past, we will say, was making a had been befo IO per cent. profit \ssume that tl iverage finished ry nly increase in the office force would be machine cost was as follows circular letter-writing department, and possibly an Material : { + in 1 ( TKKG bataenet oer es $82.00 person to answer the added correspondence. TI 4 } Labor A ? ek ros ssscesecceesesceees crease in tl ‘ost-keeping and bookkeeping wou i AU eaiiGa > Crist . * ** . . } 1: ‘ 1 ; e of low-priced girls could take Ot it ee Selling price .... frvimiestwbs Meee ne wauene $168.30 Th - lin PX , Pp i s cet ; ic cae dbs hesabcerieganatae i te he traveling expenses would not be tripled, as c 3 . z ‘ economies could be practiced when selling on a large : rofit 10 per OO. cancer ‘ ‘ aan $15 I scale. The low-selling price would be a great stimu! . y > on Shop and the sales departmen ” rertisi ould be Foundry Management Ihe eleventh article, “Making an Accurate s : oe, |e n nt. lhe advertising field A u ae e Delivery Promise,” was printed in the issue of January 2. fairly well covered without tripling the advertising. - if 200 q t i: ‘< *Copyright, 1913, by Stuart Dean. Twelfth article | a THE IRON AGE logue expense w 1 be ( ome \ i i > ~ . Ma re d I y A ] | f supplies. sh ; f g ' t} to " ! se three 5 ill ind lK¢ 5 5 f “s/ ~ j T ‘ é 179 r ncreast ttle f iSé¢ rT. littl ‘T 1" S ‘ = : : e Ideal Condition in the Machine Shop } ¢ ne ; nes S] . the ( . ; } ( : ¢ ( Deter: were c the ] mr , t é S ne the SCOT , + T ] ] r ‘ ] ? rT y 1, 1 > 4 < V > TY ) } nr 7 } for th tthe so t : os ; | T if t eS } | te ‘ TY } ‘ } £ { é ’ ‘ Jesal rat . vidual € S ing Losses on Best Me th nat Never Show 201 — ee - — w% RAP ES MLE COIN OE TIE OT oe ee ee 1 ea ETS ee tang pr eee ein) ete EERE mee en yt — ’ a pt eR TO ae 9 4 Sigg) eel Rig pstiager a peeney ~— 202 THE IRON sequence of operations gs and tools will be num ered and referred t nu lany jigs are made at gt and never us¢ Sé ne tin f rgotten This is « y true vhere Save t f 1 s nor era | having complet struction rd on will eliminate this waste tul conditior | tr tions on the iwin will l] A i 5 in th s shee Witl t n ( This system ] e a hustler 1 a 7 A : New Open Hearth Furnace Features Advantages of the Divided Hearth ind of Round Furnace Doors The n of using open hearth furnaces li ide s not a new one, but x Niet hu Germany, in St great interest. He has used such a furn it his plant at Bochum with extremely good results for 2. year. TI furnace was originally of the ordinary type with a hearth ut 29 ft. 6 in. long. This hearth is divided transvers to two equal parts by a brid ide of the same ma- rial as the hearth lining. It is about 12 in. wide at tl p and 47 in. at the bottom, sloping down towards both sides witl trough-like shap« | ( I ded with its 1 tapping hole a1 t t bridge depends on the kind of t \ lever so high that it interrupts t ] 1 t vards the roof, or else the latter will be ¢ ly stroyed. | perience soon teaches how |! t al t can eas be altered while running No special operat g iff ilt ar¢ ] 1 With care the hearth and bridge stand up remarkably well The two sections are charged alternate] I s quickly as Poss! le after the other it 1s not r. necessarv tha the tw eats be tapped together 7 . suickly after the ther é ( t e as lose t get S i ne 101 should t wait, how nt t S | beginning should be r soo! e € if the are taking tests in the latter. | e heat on one side lags much | id the other it can regulate nder certai1 liti ns charging ~ ] T he it With ¢ 1 1 fur é t j I Vit charg ed very | 5 ( e not t , rnace with a heart it least 2¢ t. | ; hanged t 1 ouble hearth furnace, if three t s have been pro- vided previously. The middle tap hole is properly close with maegt ite an 1 the brides bu { The vh le per if nly take t I The s of err Dietrich with tl rrangement has led | { evise and patent a doubl earth turt é the bridge of which is provided with a channel. This melting channel running the length of the bridge has its own tapping hole and spout. Such an arrangement, he believes, should have several uses. It can be applie the melting of additions for the heats, or for the production f smal perimental heats, particularly of high grade steels. ] instance, it should be possible to produce steels fully equal to crucible steels in quality, for the channel is deep and is protected by its sides from the direct action of the fla: If the channel is made narrow it should be possible to cover it, and then the conditions will be the same as those of crucible melting. Further, additions can be made at any time and tests taken. Another ad vantage of such a channel is that by means of it slag can readily be drawn off from the heats at either side Round Furnace Doors Herr Dietrich also describes briefly the round furnace doors, which he has designed and patented. An example is shown in the illustration. The riveted band of mild steel, c, holds the bricks together. It is fastened by two bolts, b and b2, from the upper of which the door is hung. The bricks Che num- The lower one serves to adjust the tension of radial shape are arranged in rings 7,, 72, etc stant AGE January 16, ‘f rings depends on the size of the door, and a ing, o, is left in the center. With large doo: strips f, and f. are used to assist in holding the} a) ~7 - } 4) + } 3. it +4} 2 4 F 5S48 D , 7s - © ha a>) 7, oy ea se hae Sa a “5 4 YB A 5 ~ = - z b , ~~ Y e f ~ } nH r \\, y > \ 2d ‘ \ l AN, ‘ a 4 \\ - ~ \ c a j x \\ r y 1 \ | | ’ \\ { ; Pf \ ¥ P \ h 7 \ j L ”A\ = aA . | ‘ h ‘A \ : Q WN ; ~ ‘, } ed | \, J YK f+ \ | r h ( 1 th | e Doors ' yuire \s 1s well known, large doors burn very qui advantage of such round or elliptical doors ir simplicity and cheapness, and also in the ease | the comparatively small number of br 1 le and the whole brick work becomes usel ( t only partially burnt. With these special doors I the inner one or two rings must be replaced. 17 apability of tightening or loosening the band also allows g rebrick or silica brick to be used reply to a short discussion on his paper Herr Diet said that the channel in the bridge had not been us nN it the divided hearth furnace is only advisable the case of the production of better grades of steel s not ré mended for the ordinary commercial ste vhe the single hearth furnace with its larger out W I re cheaply G. B Latin-American Machine Tool Market sureau « Foreign and Domestic Comm \ n, D. C., announces that a series of con the markets for American-made machine \merica wi!l | ued in the near future. | nd individuals who sell and use machine | t is countries are a valuable feature, and i] ttention is given the sales methods, credit tert TI La \merican countries are largely agr ral, and the demand for machine tools has consequet en limited, but there is an increasing use of machi sort in some localities, especially in connection railroad repair shops. he same bureau is also about to issue a monogt eali with the manufacture of electrical instruments met¢ 1 Europe by H. B. Brooks, commercial agent the De tment of Commerce and Labor, who recently ect the most important electrical works of | lar f e, Germany and Italy g Engineering Company, Cleveland, O! t recent receipt of the following crane ord Stan ‘rane, Girard Iron Company; one portal ie standard crane, Cambria Steel Company; mag! rane, Halcomb Steel Company; two standard cranes ompany oteel Company; magnet crane, Cleveland-Cliffs | electrically operated crane for a coal handl Busk & Daniels, Phillipine Islands; 1 electric cra folk Sand & Gravel Company, Norfolk, Va.; stand South Buffalo Railway Company, Buffalo, N. ird crane, Great Lakes Dredge & Dock Compa Indiana Harbor, Ind Central Railroad 75-ton bridge crane, New Y ‘Tariff Hearings at Washington Representatives of Numerous Great Industries Crowd Their Statements and Arguments Into Two Days } ‘ luary } ¥\V 5 I r ) 7 T S ie ( ‘ 4 e rth ) t} + ~ he ly { ) t ‘ ‘ 5 tne metal S e¢ le i ) , ’ tT ‘ cf ‘ ' ' " e’s he 1g lan } rers ar i ler vas $s a cor ( 1 ( Tl tte ‘ ) t ; » fel ‘ that e ant re\ enue $17.4 29 eal +] 1 ) 19 I 1] | ‘ 1 n additior n ( 1 1 ‘ t S S et ? ‘ 1 S 1 Ss 1m \ I T if ‘ T ‘ ' : Importers Ask for Lower Duties “a : 4 eptions ‘ + sec (tee I: st wee ic if nt é Som nnoorters ‘ ‘ ; . ‘ tiot n ha t the ( é t \ ( I in the 17 < ‘ n-knive rcket-kn 5 minatine all classi . 1 cme 11f t duty of <o eT ‘ ‘ ‘ that ( ' ‘ ( 5 ition t nvince that ( ‘ : ‘ tics ‘ ' nuf ‘ t on ~ ssors nd sn S ‘ h tl 1iemb rs of the ss t wheee idenbivsiie. 61 ver he than abt t S On ‘ knives the iss j re lore ty ry 35 ( r t rftiss representing cutlery manuta ere : N Y., and Meriden, Conn., said in part the larger portion of tabl utler dell ee y the labor therein and the fa dent n i facts and figures é | tl it 1 rther decre LS he { I t esult either in a serious reduction in wages thd val from the business by the Amer n Henry D. Sharpe Speaks for Machine Tools rs. We respectfull sk th ] resent tes em hanged.” Screw and File Makers Present Statements F tne Log s Screw Compal Pr I f ~ me which it was stated that ‘ ;