The Iron Age 1911-04-06: Vol 87 Iss 14

=e =e or eae wae eS aS ie me Ss THE IRON “fr Established 1855 , pe Tomh, April 6, 19 we 87: No. i14 Pubushed Every ‘I hursday by the DAVID WILLIAMS COMPANY _ 14-18 Park Place, New York Entered at the New York Post Office as Second Class Mail Matter, Mexico, 50 on Aaah Subscription Price, United States and to : “$7.54 Annum; to Other Foreign Countries, $10.00 per Annum. _ ve Single 20 Cents. CHaRLes T. ROOT, . . = ° - PRESIDENT W. H. TAYLOR, e - - ‘TREASURER ANO GENERAL MANAGER Haro.o S. BUTTENHEIM, ° - - - ” SECRETARY Geo. W. Core, ye - - } A. i, Feno.ey, . - - - . Eorrons 1-2. COMM + eee Branch Offices Philadelphia, Real Estate Trust Building Chicago, Fisher Building Pittsburgh, Park Building Cleveland, — Trust Building Boston, Compton Building Cincinnati, 807 Andrews Building CONTENTS, Editorial PaGsE. Pig Iron Stoehe Beir ewsias 0008 hecenttuedsaeee eens 817 Our Approaching Removal: : 2... ...c cc ecccsecsvece 818 Works Accident IMSUFAMCE. .....ccccscesscescasesces 818 rhe Geared Turbine and Its .Lessoms............++++ 819 Metal Frames for Aerial Craft....0...ccecbeceescess 819 Correspondenes§ 5 i \s. bemlaha wU wee e006) 60 then ee Veber eee 820 Dr. R. W. Raymond: Resigns. ois a's sce e cv b voc wcctecwes eee 821 The Dille & MeGuire Mfg. Company’s Bxpansion.........- 821 The Pittsburgh Foundrymen’s Association...........+++++ 821 Pig Iron Production. Tllustrated..........ccee we ceevees 822 Alaska Copper COMME, «.cccs ects aw On cde ven dct on em eener 823 Pig Iron Output in Two Panies. M[llustrated...........++. 82 Southern Companies to Merge. .....cccccessseeeessevees 825 The Union Steel Casting Company’s HWxtensions.......... 825 The Traffic Club of Pittsburgh........sccecceceeceeeees 825 Compensation Legislation in New Jersey and Obio........ 825 rhe Iron and Metal Market Reports..........+.+++- 826 to 835 Iron and Industrial Stocks. 6.2.2.6... ccccctescecedecines 835 Notes on Prie@’..: 2. tae dene ewsc +s babes vadereteewse> cas 835 New Publications. ...s<isaeadad 6 eae hen cbse ees wikes CeMe 836 New Republic Iron & Steel Company Plant..........+.06. 836 Personal .....» s«yt.e:0¢ su emi ae Seale es dhe oeteenrea ee 837 A Firth-Stirling Steel Poster. a..0 6:00» +19)0 s\«» 60:0 eee s0 sae 837 lhe New Lozier Plant at Detroit........ccscecesceesees 837 The Wheeling-La Belle Steel Merger Offs. .....+eeeeeeee0e 837 New Tools and ABOUGBER aK n cans Uren cdienias® (0a tanar 838 New Coke Ratees:. ss sescaews codec Whe Seo CENES Ar eweaa ts 838 Flongation and Ductility Rail Tests...........2.ceeeeeee 839 The Triple Supply Convention.........c6sceccesessceees 840 rhe Yale & Towne Mfg. Company Will Dstablish a Canadian Plant ..... sis shal eee 6 6S evs CORTON ce uvtes O42 "he Cambria Paint & Color Company’ s Improvements...... 841 Workmen’s Accident Compensation... ......s.ee0eveveses 842 The Bethlehem Steel Corporation in 1910.......-..¢4+++5 845 The Midvale Steel Company’s Report.........6-e-see0045 845 Obituary. Porteaitys. chi ss0 wvius vo ase eins uecenpe es cee 846 Magnetic Switch Motor Starters. Ilustrated............. 847 The Westinghouse Apprenticeship System, Illustrated..... 848 Navy Yard Appregetieuns's oat 0 Sisinic's2.alc seed eiee bets oe Coes 850 Pennsylvania Railroad Apprentices...........ss++eeseee: 851 Deere & Co.'s: RRRNEEDELS ss occ. sacuc ce coun dupishoes 851 Customs Decighginy 3340 ¢euus « labaebas cchbues seieeetes 851 Features of a Modern Steel Foundry. Illustrated. ..... -. 852 The New Moline Multiple Spindle Drill. Tlustrated....... 855 National Metal Trades Association; .........0..00eee0eee 855 The New York Metal Exchange Blection................. 855 The Schatz Combination. Punch and Shear. Illustrated.... 856 A New Steel Rolling Mill for St. Louis........... re 857 Standardization by the Automobile Engineers. . The i Enlarged Bettendorf Steel Car Plant. Illustrated.... 858 Climax Spur Geared Chain Hoist. Illustrated........ 860 A Large Aetna Multiple Punch, Tlustrated.............. ‘860 v Br own Ore Unloading Plant. Tilustrated............ 861 Se Mill Lighting. Ilustrated, (With Supplement.).... 862 ‘tloading Pig Iren with Lifting Magnets. Illustrated.... 865 The Lamb Portable Blectrie Radial Drill. Tllustrated...... 866 The Co Handy Slitting Shear. Tlustrated................. 866 he ¢ ‘el Automatie Circular Metal Saw Sharpener. The Paramount Indestructible Steel Clamp. Tlustrated... 867 The Detroit Kerosene Engine. Tlustrated...............- 867 The Machinery Market Reports........-+..++ssse+ 868 to 879 Trade Publicationg@sceses cee ewss ee © basis é wees bp oes oper eee Current Metal Pridetncvesi.cc.s GS cw dis eae t+ db eee eee ee Reductions Chiefly in Alabama and the Central West Finished Material Specifications Fall Off—A March Record in Wire Output Our March pig iron statistics show another sharp increase im production, due entirely, as in February, to the larger activity of steel works. Merchant fur- naces last month fell slightly behind their February rate. The output of coke and anthracite iron last month was 2,188,161 gross tons, or 70,586 tons a day against’ 64,090 ‘tons a day in February. There was a net gain of nine in furnaces active, all contributed, as in. February, by the steel com- panies; the number of merchant furnaces in blast re- maining the same. The steel works furnaces produced 48,970 tons a day last month, a gain of 6621 tons over the February rate, while the merchant furnaces pro- duced 21,616 tons a day, a loss of 125 tons. The daily capacity of the 231 furnaces in blast April I was 70,752 tons, against 66,562 tons a day for 222 furnaces on March 1. Production is now at the rate of 25,950,000 tons a year, including charcoal iron. This is a ‘gain of 1,500,000 tons a year over the rate on March 1, and of 6,250,000 tons over the rate at the low point January I. Significant in connection with this large increase in production is the fact that since February 1 pig iron stocks at furnaces in the Ohio, western Pennsylvania and Wheeling districts have been reduced 57,000 tons, 45,000 tons of this being since March 1. More than 50,000 tons of the reduction was in ‘merchant stocks, which from August, 1910, to February had shown a steady and heavy increase. Alabama stocks, including those at steel works, were reduced about 409,000 tons last month. Most pig iron markets have been dull. An excep- tion is Cincinnati, where new orders and shipments of foundry iron show improvement, though prices are not quite so firm. At Philadelphia a sale of 18,000 tons_ of mixed grades of Southern iron was made for the pipe trade, deliveries over six months. In steel making iron the chief sale reported is 10,000 ton: of Southern basic for Western shipment, deliveries through the remainder of the year. A Pitts- burgh transaction in Bessemer iron is 10,000 tons for ingot molds, deliveries over five months, settlements to be at market prices established by not less than 1000- ton sales. Finished material specifications show some falling off in most lines. Wire is an exception. The leading interest made a new record on wire shipments last month, and bookings continue good, particularly for fencing. The Steel Corporation’s new bookings in March were at the rate of 35,000 tons a day, against 40,775 tons a day in February. Shipments increased at the same time, as is well indicated by blast furnace opera- 838 THE IRON AGE tions. The Cofpofatioti’s activé furnace éapaéity # and Séventh aventié has é¢mpltasized_ this, mov: nent, now 72,per cent,, one Edgar Thomson and on€ Mifigo haying been blown. out since Apfil 1, while a fifth Gary furnace started up, Indications are that high point in -toduction has been reached for the present. The Harriman rail order is expected this week. Not more than 50,000 tons will be placed now, though the year’s requirements have been ptt at 150,000 tons, The Sandy Valley & Elkhorn has bought 5350 tons, and the St. Paul 6000 tons, and an order has béen taken for 3900 tons for Japan. The Grand Trunk inquiry for 18,000 tons is up, but the order is delayed by some questions over specifications. The Seaboard Air Line’s order for 15,000 tons will probably go to the seaboard mill, | The Steel Corporation is low bidder on the latest Panama Canal letting, calling fur 12,000 tons of steel for a large drawbridge and six lock gates, The Great Northern has placed 4000 tons of bridges. Thé chief structural contract is 11,000 tons for the Rothchild Building, Chicago, taken by the American Bridge Company. Some improvement is noticed in the sheet trade, but tin plate operations are not quite as satisfactory as in recent weeks. The talked of advance of 10c. a box on fourth quarter business is not materializing. Scrap markets are uniformly weaker, with no indi- cations of any early improvement. Consumers are little tempted by-the concessions thus far offered and stocks are heavy. Lake Superior ore prices for 1911 are likely to be decided in the next fortnight. Late estimates of this year’s movement are around 30,000,000 tons, or about 70 per cent. of that for 1910. The ore on Lake Erie docks April 1, about 7,745,000 tons, was more than in any year on that date. Our Approaching Removal The David Williams Company, publisher of The Iron Age, Iron Age-Harduare, Metal Worker, Flumber and Steam Fitter and Building Age, will remove its entire business from 14 Park place to 239 West Thirty- ninth street, between Seventh and Eighth avenues, New York City, and expects to be established in its new quarters in the week beginning April 10. Several reasons haye influenced the company when making this selection of a new habitation so far from the district in which it has so long conducted its opera- tions. During the history of these various publica- tions the office has been frequently removed, but it has always been within a short distance of the central post-office. Convenience to the post-office was the prime consideration, This motive no longer applies, arrangements with the New York post-office now being in effect whereby our publications are sent di- rectly to the Pennsylyania and New York Central trains without passing through the post-office. For some time many of the business interests of New York have found it advisable to seek locations further north in the city. The trend has been steadily in the direc- tion of the district extending from Twenty-third street to Forty-second street. In this locality are found most of the important hotels, great retail stores and leading places of amusement. The out-of-town visitor finds himself in that locality more frequently than in any other part of the city. The recent opening of the great Pennsylvania Railroad station at Thirty-third street April 6, 191; Th€ neW location of our office is-almost midway betweén thé Pennsylvania Railroad and New York .Central stations and is. within walking. distance from either. It will therefore be easy of access. to out-of. town visitors traveling on lines using these termifials, It will also be within easy reach of the great new post. office which will occupy a portion of the Pennsy|vania Railroad Company’s ground on Eighth avenue. Ay important advantage which will be gained will consist in having the printing office under the same roof with the business and editorial offices. Much iticonvenience has been suffered for a long time in the separation of the mechanicaf and editorial departments, the printing office being at some distance. The new quarters will also afford much more room for the present working force, as well as provide ample space for growth, which, we are pleased to say, seems assured, Visitors will be welcomed in the new quarters, as they always have been in the old ones... Ample pro- vision. will be made for them, including writing facili- ties for those living out of the city and who sometimes may find it difficult to secure conveniences of this kind while temporarily in the city. The files of our various publications and our extensive collection of trade cata- logues will also be at their service for reference. Works Accident Insurance It is significant of the widespread interest among employers in the question of workmeén’s compensation for accident that the National Métal Trades Associa- tion has set apart one of the sessions of the New York convention next week for the discussion of employers’ liability insurance. It has been accepted as an in- evitable result of the passing of accident compensation laws in various States that the rates of the employers’ indemnity companies would be sharply advanced. This view is based, no doubt, largely on the experience of these companies in England under the régime of pro- labor legislation which has prevailed there in recent years. It overlooks two important facts, however. One is that the expense of litigation, which the in- demnity companies have to bear under the present con- dition, will largely be saved under compensation legis- lation if it works out as its friends have predicted. Thé other is that under compensation legislation the mutual interest of employer and employee in the pre- vention of accidents should work a marked diminution in their number. Two propositions which havé been foremost in all the agitation of this question are: First, that a large percentage of works accidents is preventable and must be prevented; second, that where accidents do occur in spite of increased precautions the employee or his dependents should receive the largest possible percentage of the employer’s outlay on account of the accident, to the elimination of lawyers’ fees and costs of litigation. It would seem like a hopeless view of the effort to put this whole question on a better basis to say that the new situation is simply to be handed over to the indemnity companies to be dealt with by ad- vancing the cost of insurance to the employer. No such outcome will satisfy employers who have gone into a study of the problem of works accidents with 4 serious purpose to make works employment safer and to deal justly with the victims of accidents. If it does not result in closer co-operation between employers and April 6, 1914 employees to prevent accidents, the movement will have come far short of success. In so far as they choose to insure with existing in- demnity companies, we shall look to see those employ- ers who spend money freely to reduce the liability to accident in their works to a minimum insisting on 4 otefere ntial rate determined under an adequate system of inspection stich as does not now exist in connection with accident insurance, except that against losses by fre or boiler explosions. Whether a gradation of rates can be devised which will satisfy the employers who have taken an advanced stand in safeguarding against accident is a question. It is certain that at present such employers bear an inequitable share of the losses paid by companies insuring against accident damages. It would seem that one result of the régime which the new legislation is hastening will be to bring to- gether in insurance associations many of the employ- ing companies which may be regarded as choicé risk§. In the case of some of the best of the mutual fire insur- ance organizations among manufacturers the standard of preventive measures is so high that a certain dis- credit attaches to a fire involving any considerable loss. In a similar way there will ultimately come organiza- tions of manufacturers in which co-operative study of the best methods of safeguarding workmen will result n the minimizing of accidents to a degree now consid- ered out of the question. Accident relief and compensation are. praiseworthy, but the present agitation will come far short of the real end if it puts the chief emphasis on plans of insurance ind schemes of compensation. Prevention and con- servation must be the keynotes of the whole campaign. The Geared Turbine and Its Lessons A. Parsons, the inventor and developer of the steam turbine that bears his name, spoke very interest- ingly of the geared turbine in the course of a recent lecture delivered at the Royal Institution. The sub- ject is of great importance, not only in turbine prac- tice, but in other applications of power, such as fans, where it is economical and otherwise desirable to oper- ate the motor at high speeds. The following is taken from an editorial on the lecture, published in London Engineering: _ In this matter the pioneer was Dr. de Laval. The largest of his geared units was of but moderate output com- pared with the 900 horsepower of the Vespasian, At his lecture Mr. Parsons showed the pinion. removed from the latte ‘r vessel after having served to drive the ship over 12,000 miles. The total wear did not exceed 2 mils, and appar —_ the gear would outlast the ship. As compared with the original machinery, the geared turbine has shown ao economy of 22 per cent. The boilers and propeller are the same. The latter is run at 70 revolutions a minute, 7 turbine speed being 1400. The great saving in weight oy the use of a high speed turbine is obvious. The efficiency of the gearing is so high that it is very difficult to 1.easure ie trictional loss, a transmission dynamometer of the usual ‘ype not being sufficiently sensitive to afford reliable re- sults. A measurement of the rate at which heat generated i (ie gears leads, however, to the conclusions that the eficiency is over 98% per cent. One great advantage of the geared turbine at sea lies in the fact that racing is impossible. Many years ago “\nsle cylinder marine engines, fitted with a flywheel, were on the Holt Line, and it was found that the inertia e tlywheel greatly diminished the tendency for the a * to race in a seaway. With the geared turbine the - wheel effect of the high speed rotor is such that even if ,J¢ propeller com: emerges the speed does not increase ‘Y ore than 15 per cent. before the propeller returns again lement. n THk IRON AGE $19 Perhaps a still more noteworthy, example of the effectiveness of modern gearing is afforded by the ex- ample Mr. Parsons quoted of an exhaust steam turbine of 750 horsepower, which he has supplied to dtive a plate mill in Scotland. Here a double reduction gear is used, the turbine running at 2600 revolutions per minute and the mill at 70. There is also a 100-ton fly- whéel ‘fanning af the sanie speed a8 thé rolls. The enérgy stored in the rotating system is such that work can be given out for a short time at the rate of 4000 horsepower andthe maximum deceleration at the end of ‘édcli toll is only 7 pér cent. It is how séven years since Mr. Parsons’s experiments with geared turbines began, and he states that the results so far have been so uniformly satisfactory that he believes the system may be applied sticcessfully to turbines generating many thousands horsepower. These dedtictions are quite in accord with the experiments carried out on this side of the water, not alone with turbines but with electric motors, where high speeds are desirable in ordér to reduce the size and initial cost of the installa- tion. Metal Frames for Aerial Craft If the statistics could be collected, many would doubtless be surprised to learn of the extent of the profitable business that has been secured by certain gas engine builders resulting from the growth of the aeroplane industry, while the gradual standardizing of air machine parts is creating a wider demand for al! kinds of material used in their construction. One branch of aeroplane manufacture that might prove a profitable field of endeavor is the making of metal frames for the machines. Many of the fatalities which have been reported through breakage of air crafts were the direct result of weak frames, which were prin- cipally constructed of bamboo or other light wood. While metal tubing has to some extent been adapted to air craft construction, it is generally con- ceded by metal tubing experts that there is much room for profitable effort along these lines. Makers of light metal tubing have been amazed at the crudity of the construction of the framework of air machines, even of those used by the most expert aviators. As with the first bicycles, most of the heavier-than-dir machines now in use bear unmistakable evidence of being “ home made,” and the repairs executed on some of them have borne the earmarks of work done by an amateur rather than by an expert machinist. The average aviator is an adventurous mortal, who has graduated from the automobile racing class, So enough knowledge of machinery to “ tinker up” break, and invariably the patchwork of an tnd erent mechanician satisfies his ideas of good workmanship. Most of thé metal frames put into use so far have not displayed the niceties of construction known to prac- tical metal tube makers, although an alloy of alumi- num and steel has been found well adapted for this work. Just two days before his death th the breakage of his air machine at New Orleans last De- cember, John B. Moisant announced that he would shortly introduce a monoplane of all metal construc- tion, except that the propeller was to be of wood. It would appear that the proper standardizing’ of metal tubing for the bodies of air craft would’ < do away with the necessity of much of the bungling r repair work now “ atacs i sais agra S ost Saar B oA ek ua toes Taha pte nan bo ge a 4 2 eee ae Pause Aad a RL ED peat IN aide Seale AOE RG PE tl ee bs , é i ? ec a OTR SL OIE Be - : fe a ; & Se ie 2 ‘ ia & : = | ’ t we 820 THE IRON AGE April 6 i911 done on such machines, and if a standardized method of testing the tubing were developed there would be less need of repairs and naturally fewer accidents due to breakage of frames. Correspondence Ferromanganese in Chilled Cast Iron Wheels To the Editor: Referring to the communication from A. E. Outerbridge, Jr., in your issue of March 16, and te your riotice in The Iron Age of March 9, of the pam- phiet issued by us respecting our manufacture of high grade charcoal iron for chilled car wheels, we beg to say that Mr. Outerbridge’s statements seem to concern the results of tests made by him between 1880 and 1888, at which time the load carried by individual car wheels did not exceed four to five tons per wheel. The problem now is to produce wheels that will meet service conditions under loads of nine to ten tons per wheel. A proper appreciation of the point at issue will be gained if the results of Mr. Outerbridge’s experiments as stated by him are considered under two heads. First, concerning the strength of the unchilled body of wheel with respect to its ability to carry the increased load; second, concerning the character and quality of the chilled part of tread and flange with respect to its ability to withstand increased shock and strain and es- pecially very severe ‘heating by brake friction due to heavier loads carried. In the extract from the paper read by Mr. Outer- bridge before the Franklin Institute, in March, 1888, as quoted in your issue of March 16, the. following state- ment concerning the effect of manganese is given: It. undoubtedly produces a marked effect upon the character of the white crystalline structure. You may readily recognize “a-manganese chill” by its coarse lamellar or foliated filaments and by the tendency which it produces to form white iron or “hard spots ’ in isolated places throughout the gray portion of a casting. Manganiferous pig iron has been used to produce chilled castings, but it does not make a durable wearing surface ; the chilled tread of a car wheel, for example,: produced by this method, presents to the eye, when broken through the section, a handsome appearance, but the white metal is comparatively soft; it may be easily bored, and, what is more serious, it crumbles readily under the impact of rapid shocks on the rail. A remarkable effect is produced upon the character of hard iron by adding to the molten metal, a moment before pouring it into the mold, a very small quantity of powdered ferromanganese, say 1 Ib. of ferromanganese in 600 lb. of iron, and thoroughly diffusing it through the molten mass by stirring with an iron rod. The result of several hundred carefully conducted experi- ments which I have made enables me to say that the transverse strength of the metal is increased from 30 to 40 per cent., the shrinkage is decreased from 20 to 30 per cent., and the depth of chill is decreased about 25 per cent. Mr. Outerbridge plainly states that the effect of man- ganese upon the chilled structure is to produce “ coarse crystallization ” and a chilled structure that will not give good service.- Our pamphlet advocated. the use of high grade charcoal pig iron for the manufacture of wheels that will stand the drop and thermal tests and at the same time possess a chilled structure in tread and flange better calculated to resist present service conditions under heavy freight equipment. If our plea in this respect is what Mr. Outerbridge refers to as “special pleading which is altogether wrong,” we are at a loss to follow his argument. We fail to see the advantage of practice that will make wheels stand the drep and thermal tests and yet fail to with- stand the extreme service conditions imposed on tread and flange under present maximum loads. We realize the difficulty, not to say delicacy, of the situation as be- tween the makers and users of chilled wheels and it is our desire to aid in the establishment of better conditions if possible. It appears to us to be a case where a proper knowledge and appreciation of the real facts is of the first importance and that if for any reason the present practice of wheel making should be changed to meet the present conditions of service, correct information on that point should be welcomed by all concerned. At present prices paid for chilled wheels no one can question the impracticability. of making wheels much dif- ferent from present quality. The M. C. B. rules establish the price for new 33 in. wheels used for repairs |. garg. less of weight at $9 each, and the credit tobe givew for one 33 in, scrap wheel removed at $4.75, leaving $4.25 fop the company supplying the wheels, out. of which ex. penses, including making of inspections and tests, iygt be provided. We are informed that the net result is that the -hiljeg wheel makers receive less than %4 cent per lb. and ap equal weight of scrap car wheels free as the maximuy price paid for wheels even by the leading railroads. ang in many cases the price is considerably less. It is mani- fest that about all that the wheel makers can do is to re. cast the old wheels into new ones and no doubt depend on the addition of ferromanganese to make whee!s that will stand the drop and thermal tests. Railroad officials have been investigating this watter for a number of years and particularly in the past four or five years. Whether their claim ‘that the chilleg wheel does not give satisfactory service under heayy equipment is warranted or not, it appears to be made more widely from year to year. The extensive triais of rolled steel wheels under heavy equipment also bear out the fact that railroads are seeking better wheels if they ean be found. Certainly railroad officials cannot claim their unwillingness to pay better prices for. better chilled wheels, considering the departure made in the case of steel wheels. The time seems to have arrived for the manufacture and use of better chilled wheels, if the use of this type of wheels is to be continued under heavy equipment; and we as makers of charcoal chilling irons are trying to do our part in meeting the need of proper material for a de- mand which we believe will come, if indeed it has not already arrived. Mr. Outerbridge’s article will probably be quoted by those who approve present conditions in the manufacture and use of chilled wheels but it seems,to, us.-to contain in itself the fatal admission that under the practice he recommends the quality of chilled metal in tread and flange will be inferior, although the quality of the un- chilled metal may be satisfactory. This is precisely’ the condition that exists to-day and for which the makers of chilled wheels must find the remedy if it can be found. SUPERIOR CHARCOAL IRON COMPANY. J. C. Hort, Vice-President. GRAND Rapips, MICH. A Skeptic on Some Efficiency Figures To the Editor: In the American Magazine for March, Ray Stannard Baker introduces to a section of the public “Frederick W. Taylor, Scientist in Business Manage- ment.” Immediately following this article is a long paper by Mr. Taylor on “ Scientific Management.” Mr. Baker’s account of Mr. Taylor is so eulogistic and so well supported by eminent authority that one turns to Mr. Taylor’s article predisposed to accept what he says as the latest and most scientific statement on the very im- portant subject of how to conduct great business enter- prises in the most efficient and economic manner. Greatly to my surprise, however, I found the particular example cited by Mr. Taylor actually impossible of. accomplish- ment, as I think what follows will demonstrate... In order to do full justice to Mr. Taylor, I quote what he says: One of the first pieces of work undertaken by us. whet the writer started to introduce scientific management !1t0 the Bethlehem Steel Company, was to handle pig iron. Tbe opening of the Spanish war found some 80,000 tons of Pit iron piled in small piles in an open field adjoining the works. . . . . A railroad switch was run into the field right along the edge of the piles of pig iron. An inclined plank was placed against the side of a car and each mat picked up from his pile a pig of iron weighing about 92 |b.. walked up the inclined plank, and dropped it on the end of the car. This gang was loading on the average about 12% lonz tons per man per day. We were surprised to find, after * scientific study of the men at work, that a first-class pt iron handler ought to handle between 47 and 48 long [0° per day, instead of 12% tons. A man named Schmidt was, after examination, S* lected to test the theory that with intervals of rest (time Apr igi! the handler of the pigs could do about four »o work than by the old method of continuous ir. Taylor describes what happened as follows: S + started in to work, and all day long, and at ervals, was told by the man who stood over him rch, “ Now pick up a pig and walk. Now sit rest. Now walk. Now rest,” &c. He worked as told to work and rested when he was told to at half-past five in the afternoon had his 47% i on the car. And he practically never failed to s pace and to do the task that was set him during ears that the writer was at Bethlehem. t the accuracy of these statements, it is only ess to restate the problem in hours and minutes Is it possible for one man to handle, in the stated, about 1050 pigs of iron (equaling 96,600 Ibs.) vorking day? ‘| ength of the work day is not stated in Mr. Tay- or’s le, but, as he says the job was finished at half st f it was probably 9% hours. This, however, does v for the rest periods. Assuming that these were ot less than 1% hours for the whole day (and this is probably less than Mr. Taylor required), this would eave S full hours. or 480 minutes, of working time. To e necessary number of pigs of 92 Ibs. each to the 471% tons that were loaded daily would e handler to carry up the plank and deposit very nearly 2144 pigs per minute. It would he physically impossible for any man to continuously ( this rate, even with Mr. Taylor’s rest periods. RocHESTER, N. Y., RoBERT MATHEWS. Explanation by Mr. Taylor ollowing statement will appear in the book on fhe lrinciples of Scientific Management,” which will » published by Harper & Brothers, Néw York, April 20: ‘Many people have questioned the accuracy of the inent that first-class workmen can load 4714 tons of pig iron from the ground on a car in a day. For those wl « skeptical, therefore, the following data relating this work are given: fhat our experiments indicated the existence of owing law: A first-elass laborer, suited to such hn ~s handling pig iron, could be under load only 42 of the day and must be free from load 58 per the day. ’ (hat a man in loading pig iron, from piles placed « ground in an open field on a car which stood on a djoining these piles, ought to handle (and that | handie regularly) 4744 long tons (2240 Ib. per r day. hat the price paid for loading this pig iron was ‘10 cents per ton, and that the men working at it aver- el SLSS per day, whereas in the past they had been nly $1.15 per day. 111 addition to these facts the following are given: ng tons 106,400 Ib. of pig iron per day. . per pig, > 115€ pigs per day. cent. of a day under lead = 600 min. kK 0.42 = 252 r load, 1150 pigs 0.22 min, per pig under load. ron handler walks on the level at the rate of 1 ft, in « average of distance of the piles of pig iron from was 56 ft. It is a faet, however, that many of ~ iron handlers ran with their pig as soon as they the inclined plank. Many of them also would vl the plank after loading the car. So that when ‘ual loading went on, many of them moved at a te than is indicated by the above figures. Prac- ie men were made to take a rest, generally by lown, after loading 10 to 20 pigs. This rest was ol to the time which it took them to walk back «car to the pile. It is likely that many of those skeptical about the possibility of loading this of pig iron do not realize that while these men king back they were entirely free from load, and ‘crefore their muscles had, during that time, the ity for recuperation. It will be noted that, with ise distance of 36 ft. of the pig iron from the car, i walked about 8 miles under load each day and free from load,” THE IRON AGE Dr. R. W. Raymond Resigns At a joint meeting of the Board of Directors and of the Council of the American Institute of Mining Engi- neers Dr. R. W. Raymond tendered his resignation as secretary. He has been relieved from the many executive and administrative duties, which have been increasing steadily, and which with the suggested extensions of the activity of the Institute must further multiply. Dr. taymond has been appointed secretary emeritus of the Council, the Institute retaining his services for special editorial and other duties for which he is so well quali- fied by training and experience. Dr. Raymond, one of the founders of the Institute in 1871, was eiected vice- president and became president in that year, following David Thomas, who resigned because his advanced age did not enable him to perform the duties of his office to his own satisfaction. He was annually re-elected a presi- dent in 1872, 1873 and 1874. In 1883 he was appointed secretary to succeed Dr. T. M. Drown, who had resigned. He was elected secretary in February, 1884, and has been annually re-elected since then. Dr. Joseph Struthers, who has been connected with the Institute as assistant secretary for eight years, and as editor for five of these years, has been elected secre- tary of the Board of Directors and has been appointed secretary of the Council. Dr. Struthers was editor of the Mineral Industry for the years 1900-19038 (Vols. 8, 9, 10 and 11), and prior to that time was for 15 years on the teaching staff of the department of metallurgy of the School of Mines, Columbia University. He has been field assistant of the United States Geological Survey, in charge of the preparation of numerous reports for the Mineral Resources, and special agent of the United States Census in a like capacity. In connection with the work of the Institute, he is a member and treasurer of the Board of the United Engineering Society, chairman of its House Committee and secretary of the Library Confer- ence Committee, which has general supervision of the libraries of the engineering societies in the United Engi- neering Society Building, 29 West Thirty-ninth street, New York City. ; —_—_-__~»+ oe. The Dille & McGuire Mfg. Company’s Expansion.— This company, whose factory for the production of lawn mowers is at Richmond, Ind., has under construction a new plant which will occupy an entire city block, The new buildings are being erected ou ground adjoining the old plant, which in the future will be used for warehouse and storage purposes. The building of the new plant will in no way interfere with the present one, which will be operated to the end of the season in order to com- plete the orders now in hand. Six new and separate buildings will be erected, connecting where necessary by metal runways or bridges, all being under cover. The new buildings will be numbered, as follows: No. 1, ma- chine shop; No. 2, office; No. 3, paint and handle depart- ment; No. 4, oil and paint vault; No. 5, blacksmith shop and forming department; No. 6, gririding department. He The Pittsburgh Foundrymen’s Association.—The monthly meeting of this society was held at Fort Pitt Hotel, on the evening of April 3. Professor Crabtree of the Carnegie Technical Schools of Pittsburgh deliv- ered an address on “ Experiments in Testings to Make a New Style of Iron Casting.” The members of the asso- ciation are busy making plans to entertain the American Foundrymen’s Association on the occasion of its conven- tion to be held in Pittsburgh, May 23 to 26. The Steel Products Company, Columbus, Ohio, re- cently incorporated, has leased the plant of the Taylor Steel Company, Plain City, Ohio, which it {1s now operat- ing. It will make a specialty of alloy steel castings. ‘Among other products will be vanadium, titanium, man- ganese, chromium, nickel and carbon steel castings. F. L. Sessions is president, and A. V. Taylor is vice-president and secretary. Ssh ea shames <cieetiaeeaiee, dian ant a 822 THE IRON Pig Iron Production Another Sharp Increase in March Active Capacity April 1 About 1,500,000 Tons a Year More Than on March 1 As in February, the March output of the blast fur- naces of the country reflects the enlarged operations of the steel works as the result of the buying movement that started in mid-January. The production of coke and anthracite iron last month was 2,188,161 gross tons, or 70,586 tons a day, against 64,090 tons a day in Feb- ruary. ‘The net gain in blast furnaces active was 9 for the month, 14 having blown in and 5 having gone out. As in February, the gain was wholly due to the increased pig iron production of the steel companies. The num- ber of merchant furnaces active remained the same, four blowing in and four blowing out. The steel works fur- naces produced 1,518,063 tons last month, or 48,970 tons a day, a gain of 6621 tons a day over the February rate. The merchant furnaces produced 21,616 tons a day, against 21,741 tons a day in February, a loss of 125 tons, The daily capacity of the 231 furnaces in blast April 1 was 70,752 tons, against 66,562 tons a day for 222 fur- naces on March 1. Production is now at the rate of 25,- 950,000 tons a year, allowing for charcoal iron. This represents a gain of 1,500,000 tons a year in the past month, the rate on March 1 being 24,450,000 tons. Pro- duction is now at substantially the rate of the early summer of 1909 and of the same period in 1910. Daily Rate of Production The daily rate of production of coke and anthracite pig iron by months, beginning with March, 1910, is as follows: Daily Rate of Pig Iron Production by Months.—Gross Tons. Steel Works. Merchant. Total. Wie Sie. sc ckeb ko aacaee 56,11; 8,346 84,459 BEE tc nasevns cbweeeaebe ke 55,663 27,129 82,792 MD (ence pasdecedaessnnnnsees 52,235 24,867 77,102 SD ccna nancnceaess ths ced 51, 23,879 75,516 Arr oe Pe 47,183 22,122 69,305 SESE EDT TPO 46,534 21,429 67,963 DE ccbccacee seek es ek 47,007 21,536 68,542 I ie oss ei sb USGA 45,794 21,726 67,520 I ck on ke chelsea 41,427 22,232 63,659 ion bb 5 cachet orate 35,909 21,440 17,349 somenry, 1011..... evebes~uee 36,401 20,351 56,752 DT on tkeseetcaehs ees 42,349 21, 741 64,090 GN 8 ed OSS ATURE ian 48,970 21, ,616 70,586 March Output by Districts The table below gives the production of all coke and anthracite furnaces in March and the four months pre- ceding : Monthly Pig Iron Production.—Gross Tons. November. December. January. Februar March. (30 days) (31 days) (31 days) a days). (31 days) New York.... 142,610 142,674 136,519 3 157,624 New Jersey... 18,284 15,437 12,627 8, a 5,869 Lehigh Valley. 62,161 68,531 68°34 56,367 69,263 Schuylkill Val. 54,642 51,466 60,592 57,321 67,634 Lower Susque- . hanna and Lebanon Val. 50,370 51,888 43,942 42,729 46,980 Pittsburgh dis. 445,083 397.379 409,698 424,517 531,521 Shenango Val. 82,904 82,706 82,922 86,908 109,799 West. Penn... 87,568 81,957 94,118 96,616 120,464 Md., Va. and Kentucky ... 58,772 59,945 56,424 57,759 61,628 Wheeling dis.. 84,390 74,225 77,715 95,571 135,775 Mahoning Val. 180,717 162,349 174,318 201,624 203,006 Central and North. Ohio.. 108,599 112,662 127,579 144,806 170,914 Hocking Valley, Bangg Rock and Ohio. 25,008 29,959 33,253 32,396 35,173 Mich.,Minn.,Mo., Wis.,Col. Wash. 78,927 68,313 60,941 61,406 86,791 Chicago dis. 239,469 197.340 165,826 155,498 213,638 Alabama out 165.512 154,025 128,188 118,594 143,751 Tenn., a and Texas.. 24,764 26,961 26,340 25,153 28.331 Total... .1,909,780 1,777,817 1,759,326 1,794,509 2,188,161 The list of furnaces blown in in March includes one Bethlehem (new) and one Crane in the Lehigh Valley, one Clairton in the Pittsburgh district, one New Castle ip the Shenango Valley, two Cambria in western -Penn-° sylvania, Princess in Virginia, one Ohio in the Mahoning Valley, one Joliet, one South Chicago and one Gary in the Chicago district, one Detroit in Michigan, and one AGE April 6 IOI Pioneer and one Ensley in Alabama. Furnaces blow) ot in the month preceding April 1 were one Lack:wanng and Genesee in New York, McKeefrey in the Ma ming Valley. Ironton in the Hanging Rock district aii one Rockwood in Tennessee. Capacity in Blast April 1 and March 1 The following table shows the daily capacity «o/ fur- paces in blast April 1 and March 1. These figures are based largely on the performance of the furnaces in the past two months: Coke and Anthracite Furnaces in Blast, and Capacity in Gross Tons. Total -——April 1.——, -———Marech 1.—_, number Number Capacity Number Capacity of stacks. in blast. perday. in blast. per day. Location of furnaces. New York: Se ic iva cts 17 13 4,375 14 4,665 Other New York... 7 2 314 3 529 NeW JOrmey.. cs cicccs 7 1 190 1 156 NOE 6 bia aed st 2 at alee oe = Pennsylvania : : Lehigh Valley...... 24 13 2,625 11 1,928 Spiegel ......... 3 1 88 1 85 Schuylkill Valley.. ag 8 2,182 8 2,178 Low. Susquehanna... 4 726 4 716 Lebanon Valley.. “10 5 789 5 810 Pittsburgh dis..... 50 39 16,725 38 15,620 Spiegel ......... 3 2 295 2 373 Shenango Valley...20 11 3,638 10 3,250 Western Penn..... 27 13 4,095 11 3,375 Maryland ..... 02% 4 £ 806 820 Wasering district.....14 12 4,380 12 4,350 hio: Mahoning Valley.. = 17 6,590 17 6,425 Central and North.‘ 14 5,484 14 5,282 —— Val, Hang- ing Rock ‘and 8 . A: See 7 898 8 1,157 Illinois and Indiana. Ba 19 7,365 16 6,27 Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota.....10 6 1,380 5 1,093 Colorado, Missouri and Washington ....... 7 4 1,042 4 1,104 The South: waveaes oso. 9 965 8 937 TREE nw 6 + 0:c dee 5 2 285 2 344 pe era ae 46 19 4,710 17 4,235 Tenn, and Georgia..20 7 "805 8 905 Weta, . i 5.6 ese 416 231 70,752 222 66,562 Production of Steel Companies Returns from all plants of the United States Steel Corporation and the various independent steel companies show the following totals of product month by mionth. Ouly steel making iron is included in these figures, to- gether with ferromanganese, spiegeleisen and ferrosili- con. These last, while stated separately, are also in- cluded ia the columns of “ total production ” Production of Steel Companics.—Gross. Tons, . Spiegeleisen and -——l ig.—Total production.——, ferromanganese. 1909. 1919. 1911. 1910. 1a January ...... 1,117,823 1,773,201 1,128,448 19,538 8,360 February ..... 1,073,863 1,620,539 1, "185,782 21 '396 12/821 Marek... 45 . sa 1,140,553 1,739,212 1.518, 063 25,591 11,784 ADM 2S. 5 2 2 8% 1,093,092 1,669,898 ookt oes 22/304 seee jo ae ee eee 1,256,448 1,619,283 ........ 26,529 ....- SURO ksh 055 1,865,527 1,549,112 ........ 27,680 TE Sb bs las 1,508,762 1,462,689 ........ 22,9: August. «....«<:4001L,001 1442572. ...c2cn-< 25;756 =. «++ September ....1,660,839 1,410,221 ........ 15,151 October .....5 1,769,094 1,419,624 ........ 8,500 November .... 1.689. ‘994 pm 5 4 Pres 9,032 ..... December ..... 1,768,799. . 4,113, 174.....6. acs BaA78 ....- Chart of Pig Iron Production and Prices The tinctuations in pig iron production from January, 1907, to the present time are shown in the accompanying chart. The figures represented by the heavy line are those of daily average production, by months, of coke and anthracite iron. The two other curves on the chart repre sent monthly average prices of Southern No. 2 foundry pig iron at Cincinnati and of local No. 2 foundry iron de livered at Chicago. They are based on the weekly mar- ket quotations of The Iron Age. The two sets of figures are as follows: Daily Average Production of Coke and Anthracite Pig Iron in the United States by Months Since January 1, 1907.—@r088 Tons, 1907. 1908. 1909. 1910. 1911. Jantaty hs. VETS 71,149 383,718 57,975 84,148 56, ~~ PebrTUueey, 2000.2. 020.002 « 73,088 37,163 60,976 85,616 64.06 WORE cham 0d 33 oe eee 41,821 39,619 59,232 84,459 790,955 Ae. wes GS SSS 73,885 38,289 57,962 82,792 ..-:: BERD 2 ataka hs Come 74,048 37,603 60,753 77,102 .:-:: SUG eo Us. scar eeiee 74,486 36,444 64,656 75,516 ..-:: Dh nies ds ARM 72,763 39,287 9793 ees ooene MM i no cnn ade 72,594 43,851 es, #208" September ............ 72,783 47 476 «+s October ......cesees » Ty 520 — ae = } err —_ = ei +. iagram of Daily Average Production by Months of Coke and Anthracite Pig Iron in the United States from January 1, 1907, to April 1, 1911; Also of Monthly Average Prices of Southern No 2 Foundry Iron at Cincinnati and Local No. 2 Foundry Iron Delivered at Chicago. : Monthly Average Prices in Dollars of Southern No. 2 Foundry lron at Oincinnatt and Local No. 2 Foundry at Chicago Since January, 1907. set emUe bo a np ao to to PAAAAN = a (_ worn Mo oO Oo nor - > on he AAA NAR ANNE RRSE a bak fk ak ak ak et PANNA: t So a i) we — a _ RE - ~ ~ a SRRRR ES fat pt et NNO oy eo ao _ «a _ o — & -_ _ S 3 Nov. ......19.50 20.66 16 . R Dy .17.00 18.80 16.25 17.35 17.45 19. 14.25 16.00 ‘11, 14-25, 15,50; Feb., 14.25, 15.50; Mch., 14.25, 15.50. The Record of Production I on of Coke and Anthracite Pig Iron in the United States by Months Since January 1, 1907.—Gross Tons, 1907. 1908. 1909. 1910. 2,205,607 1,045,250 1, 2,608, 045, 1,077,740 1,707,840 2.897,254 1,228,204 1/832,194 2,617,949 2'216,558 1,149,602 1,738,877 2/483,7 295,505 1,165,688 1,883,330 180 234,575 1,092,181 - 1,930,866 2:265,478 255,660 1,218,129 2)103,431 2,148,442 <oeil 2'50-410 1/859'881 2'248930 3'106,847 2;183,487' 1;418,998 2,385,206 2,056,275 ‘336,972 1,567,198 2,599,541 2,093,121 ' 1(828,125 1,577,854 2:547,508 1,909,780 Decembe 1/234.279 1,740,912 2'630,680_ 1,777,817 acy, 1011, 1,159,826 ; February, 1911, 1,794,509; March, —_—_—.¢-- Th. Buffalo Forge Company, Buffalo, N. Y., reports ‘he receipt of a contract from the Hazel-Atlas Glass Com- ity, Wheeling, W. Va., for the installation of one of its ‘"1' gas heating systems. This system consists of a (riven fan with air distributing ducts and a ‘atin! gas heater with specially designed heating and “'\'< chamber in which the products of combustion are ‘sued. A moderate temperature is maintained in the Feat -- chamber, with a resulting increase in durability. lls stem, whieh uses’ the gas fuel disset without an intermediary boiler, has proved very efficient. A number of installation have been made in the natural gas section of Pennsylvania and West Virginia, including some re- peat orders. oe ¥ ‘ we Alaska Copper Coming.—The last spike completing the Copper River & Northwestern Railroad between Cor- dova on tidewater and Kennicott, Alaska, where the Bonanza copper mine is situated, was driven March 30. The first ore will be shipped from Kennicott for the Ta- coma smelter this week. Work on the railroad, which is 197 miles long and cost $20,000,000, was begun Novem- ber 15, 1907. Its construction is one of the most remark- able engineering feats of modern times. Beginning May 1, two cargo steamships will be operated between Tacoma and Cordova, bringing Bonanza ores to the smelter. a The Continental Radiator & Foundry Company, whose general office is at 1409-1411 Olive street, St. Louis, Mo., and present foundry at South St. Louis, is planning the erection of a new foundry at a location which has not yet been definitely decided. It is proposed to build a foundry for the manufacture of cast fron radiators with a capac- ity of 3,000,000 to 4,000,000 ft. per year. The building and equipment will cost about $175,000, and it is pro- posed to make it the most complete of the kind in the West. The president of this company is Hamilton A. Forman; vice-president and general manager, Lewis F. Ostrander ; secretary and treasurer, John J. Ostrander. The number of active biast furnaces in the Pittsburgh district shows a net increase of one between March 1 and April 1, the total April 1 being 41 out of 53. One Clair- ton furnace was blown in in March. Of the Edgar Thomson group nine furnaces are now in blast, the same number as on March 1. One furnace was blown in March, but another was blown out April 1. So sian See eee ee =~ 824 THE IRON AGE April ©. igi Pig Iron Output in Two Panics A Parallel Between the Period Following 1893 and That Following 1907 The accompanying reproduction of a chart prepared by Noah H. Swayne, 2nd, resident manager of Rogers, Brown & Co., Philadelphia, Pa., makes a most interesting comparison of the production of pig iron in the years 1898 to 1899 and 1907 to 1911—the last two panic periods. The curves represent the average daily production for