The Iron Age 1911-03-09: Vol 87 Iss 10

Bstablished E IRON AG VoL. 87: No, 10 PubbshcJ Every ‘i hursday by the DAVID WILLIAMS COMPANY 14-18 Park Place, New York Entered at the New York Post Office as Second Class Mail Matter. Subscription Price, United States and Mexico, $5.00 per Annum ; to Canada, $7.20 per Annum; to Other Foreign Countries, $10.00 per Annum. Single Copies, 20 Cents. Cuarn.es T. Roor, - ° - o = PRESIDENT W. H. TAYLOR, = # - TREASURER AND GENERAL MANAGER Haro.D S, BUTTENHEIM, - - * = ° SECRETARY Geo. W. Cope, - od - - - } Epitors A. i. Finovey, - - - - - H. R. COBLeicn, - ° - - 7 MECHANICAL Eortor Branch Offices Philadelphia, Real Estate Trust Building Chicago, Fisher Building Pittsburgh, Park Building Cleveland, American Trust Building Boston, Compton Building Cincinnati, 807 Andrews Building CONTENTS. Editorial : PAGE. Conservative Buying. pee ccscicssnccopecccsomec apes 569 The Rate Decisions and Other. Price. Questions. ....... 570 A Railroad Educational, Burean........ 664.0050 08+8 570 America and the Foreign Patent..............-0008> 571 A Novelty in Apprentice Systems. ...........¢-56555- 571 A Machinery’ Exhibit ‘That -Paid.../...5..0...05...... 572 mene DeGeneres PUIG ies a 8.66 o.og. 4 ost o's we RW Cpe OH G8 572 Carting a 60-Ton, GitGetisien sei veits see cusswaiweslnee 572 > ORDISCATA OUR, odie cadens ein 050 bo aes .0s0 0 PUL OS Cah ee te 573 Analysis Books of Lake Superior Ores...........--0e+008 573 pes. iron Productign: “TARERGNE ik-k0c ides dvs vececseee tes 574 Employment Bureau of Pittsburgh Manufacturers’ Associa- Mo cue cee tune EEE MESS C ORSER WIE ORC a see ea eueus 575 The Ferro Machine & Foundry. Company’s Improvements... 575 The Iron and Metal Market Reports................576 to 585 Iron and IndwstwRPi teas OS. FO PRG. ccc cc wenes 585 Tonnage of the Bessemer Railroad...........--+s-4e0085 585 Hotes on Prices }:.'5 £eHEA GE OC E- b 80 Sa OR BAR ETT ow ss 585 on cat UA Mea on wren tiene A amppeaiecale Se arternenagey acdc giet 586 PPOOMOEY . sae 6 vith.s 405d RAED ES CAn POR D Oe che Sak ae 586 Gasoline Engine Speed Regulator...........0..c00-.eeeees 586 eodustrial Safety a ax vx oicd Sriealed 2%. . ewe Qeies SF. 587 The Philadelphia Foundrymen’s. Association.............. 588 The Producers’ Coke Company.........066-.e4seeeeeees 588 Coke Ovens at Lorain, Ohio. ;.. .wsedesdsevisws tv.veee.. 588 Metal Trades Annual Meetingtieai« .'s.«0:0 << arslecvwls oie corse ss 589 wwo New Metit: gecesi che os cei y kins 2 aaah 589 International Association for Testing Materials........... 590 estoms Decisigng oc... Hiatt AVC. bi oe eiek 0 105 0 as 590 The Cambria Stee} Company... 000660200... LAT. 591 The Railway Steel Spring Company’s Earnings.......... 591 Workmen’s Insurance in Burope.........-scceeeeeeecees 592 A Congress of Technology at Boston..............++.... 592 New Pennsylvania Electric Locomotives................:. 593 The Wisconsin Engine Company.....i..++ ceveseeseeeeeee 593 January Exports and Imports of Iron and Steel.......... 594 Foundry men Report on Pig Iron Stocks and Outlook...... 594 j Grondal Iron Ore Briquetting Plant..............-++:++ 594 oe Decisions of Interest to Manufacturers.......... 595 Tue Viamond Toggle Bolt. Ilustrated........+....++++.. 596 A’ Chicago Railway Equipment Company.............. 596 The F { nderwood Power Bender and Straightener. Illus.. 596 AN ive New Merchant Mills at Gary. Illustrated........ 597 The: w Charcoal Pig Iron for Chilled Car Wheels.......... 605 ‘ - Ke ystone Steel Casting Company. ...+.....-.0.s.0--. 605 ; rhage Rolling Mill Equ pa of Hagan Furnaces...... 606 The t- Duplicate Automobile Parts, Illustrated.......... 606 ete ar ee V. Cresson Company’s Affairs............... 607 The quining Beyond the Arctie Circle. Tlustrated........ 608 Pron ester Mfg. Company's New Plant............-.-+- 616 i yu ttc Handling of Sulphuric Acid. Illustrated. ...... 616 A Bar. Driven Colburn Boring Mill. Tilustrated........ 617 ae S Special Horizontal Drilling Machine. Illustrated 617 Geran 2 Hundreds of Millions of Tons. Illustrated.... 618 The (2c Wheels Without Removing Them............ 62 The yt Foundry Blowers, Tiustrated.......-. 0... +. 621 Stee! « od & Spencer Adjustable Snap Thread Gauge. Illus. 621 The oS, With the Oxy-Acetylene Torch. Illustrated... 622 7 800d Valveless Force Feed Oiler. Illustrated...... 625 The on Adding Machine Company’s New Factory...... 625 Mies Vin Automatic Chuck. Ilustrated............-.. 626 i © CIGRG "EEG seo bac sd ochePibs dd chee eweee ees 627 Tr: ls and Appliances....... hy lieth eae leigh dite Se Wed 628 ms, PubMonUMOes coer ct ses ceca cee cbs ccket ecco vesius 629 News, tinery Market Reports. ..... 4.4465 -~+.- 630 to 635 Cer: Rust-RGG BUOEG Sec c cleo el aar tes cstecta nb. 639 _ Metal Fee 6d ok bcc Rely Rick Peels he Awi'éaveee 540 1855 New York, March 9, 1911 Conservative Buying But Political Factors Are Not Feared Steel Corporation Production Growing Faster Than That of Independent Companies Some hesitancy has been noticed in iron and steel markets in the past week, attributable to political de- velopments, and it has helped to emphasize the con- servatism which buyers are showing in all lines, But leading steel manufacturers consider that the pro- gramme for the extra session of Congress, limiting tariff action to two schedules, is not one that should cause more than a temporary halt, and they are not un- easy. Pig iron production increased steadily in February. The total of coke and anthracite iron for the 28 days was 1,794,509 tons, or 64,090 tons a day, against 56,- 752 tons a day in January, a gain of 13 per cent. The number of active steel works furnaces increased by 17 in the month, while there was a net loss of one in active merchant furnaces. The daily capacity of the 222 furnaces in blast March 1 was 66,562 tons, against 59,568 tons a day for 206 furnaces February 1. Pro- duction to-day, including charcoal iron, is at the rate of 24,450,000 tons a year, against a rate of 22,000,000 tons a year February 1 and 19,700,000 tons at the low point at the opening of the year. The high rate of 1910 was 31,600,000 tons in February. . The United States. Steel Corporation has blown. in one New Castle, one Ensley and one Clairton furnace since March 1, and when one more furnace in the Pittsburgh district is blown in this week, will have 68 per cent. of capacity active, against 46% per cent. Jan- uary I. Its stocks have been cut down to 100,000 tons at its Northern furnaces. The scale of the Steel Corporation’s operations is plainly in closer relation to that of independent steel companies than was the case two and three months ago. With prices better maintained it is apparently getting a larger share of the business. Its heavy for- eign shipments are also a factor. In the 22 business days of February it booked new orders at an average daily rate of 40,775 tons. Shipments were about 20 per cent. greater than in January. The gain in unfilled or- ders will probably be between 200,000 and 300,000 tons. In rails a 17,000-ton purchase to be closed this week by the Pere Marquette is the chief item. The Nickel Plate has divided 5000 tons between South Chicago and Buffalo, and the New York, West Chester & Boston has placed 6000 tons at Sparrows Point. The Manila Railroad has bought 10,000 tons from the Lackawanna Steel Company. The sold up condition of Canadian mills. makes it certain that Canadian railroads will place considerable orders in this country. The Canadian Pacific has awarded 100,000 tons and the Transcontinental 62,000 Lye imple x ee ee ie ‘idee % 5 ates 7 ; BGS al Tac iM hes 570 tons to the Algoma and Dominion companies. The former road will want 25,000 tons more and the Cana- dian Northern is yet to buy. The Steel Corporation decided this week that no more wooden ties will be bought for renewals on its 3500 miles of railroads. Its Bessemer railroad has placed a good sized order for steel ties. The expected advance of $1 a ton in wire products was made March 4, bringing wire nails to $1.80 and plain wire to $1.60, Pittsburgh. The important spring buying was over before it came. New demand for bars is coming out slowly. Buy- ing by jobbers is restricted somewhat, as there is some doubt as to the ultimate effect on their business of the warehouse policy of the leading interest. Pig iron has been quieter at Chicago and Pitts- burgh, but more active at Cincinnati, Buffalo and in eastern Pennsylvania. mums, and slight advances have been secured for de- liveries beyond July 1. Southern iron has sold at $11 for third quarter, but $11.25 has also been obtained. Philadelphia reports sales of 15,000 tons of basic at $15 for second quarter, and $15.25 for third quarter; also 15,000 tons of Southern pipe iron on the basis of $11 for No. 2. The copper statistics show an increase of 14,000,- 000 Ib. in stocks last month. The market is weaker and sales of electrolytic were made at 12.25c. for early de- livery, though contracts for later deliveries are re- ported at 12.37%c. In addition to the large requisition for a Southern plant, recently reported, several Steel Corporation sub- sidiaries are about to make heavy purchases of machine tools. Prices are firm at recent mini- The Rate Decisions and Other Price Questions In connection with the freight rate decisions the point has been made that they definitely put an end to wage advances to railroad employees and no doubt headed off wage demands in iron and steel and other industries. Ever since the sanction given the anthra- cite miners’ claim that the operators should not with- hold wage advances, since these could be recouped by simply adding them to the price of coal, the country has been traveling a seemingly unending spiral of ad- vancing prices. There was bitter complaint from time to time of the prices paid for commodities, and the cupidity of various producers, middlemen, combines and trusts was assailed in the press and by orators in high places. Legislation of various sorts was urged, the remedy most advocated being the lowering or re- moval of tariffs on certain imports. But never in all the years of rebellion against the high cost of living in this country has anything oc- curred that has borne so heavily against high prices as these decisions of the Interstate Commerce Commission While they touch only certain proposed tariffs of the railroads, they have a moral effect upon the whole vexed question of prices and profits that is great and far reaching. Not only do they suggest that the ef- forts of labor must now be directed toward greater efficiency rather than continually toward higher rates, but they address themselves equally to the very ship- pers who were actively opposing the raising of rates. It is not unlikely that the railroads, which have raised a question as to the high prices of the things they buy, THE IRON AGE Ma i 9, 191k referring particularly to certain iron and -j¢¢| prod- ucts .and the equipment into which these enter, yj some day bring prominently before the try the fairness of the level of iron and steel pr Since the best customers of the iron trade must ¢ L reas ; for the price of what they sell, and must that price when the Government's tribunal says j: js eee sive, more and more will public attention to the relation of the railroads’ costs to the level their charges to the public. The bearing of such a condition upon the iron and steel market should not be overlooked in canvassing the effects of the recent decisions. It points definitely in the direction of moderate levels for iron and steel and the avoidance of such advances as will limit con- sumption and, as has often happened, give way to w- profitably low levels. In other words, one of the later and less obvious effects of the check to freight rate advances may prove to be quite in line with the aims of the co-operative movement among manufacturers of iron and steel—namely, the prevention of sharp fluc- tuations and the maintenance of a more stable level of prices. A Railroad Educational Bureau The Union Pacific Railroad, after a year’s prelimi- nary trial, has established a permanent educational bu- reau for its employees, modeled along the lines of the more successful correspondence schools. A marked ad- vantage that the students of the Union Pacific bureau have, however, is that they can apply their knowledge as they acquire it to practical work. There are very few books of actual value treating on railroad opera- tion and management, and the average railroad man ambitious to learn is obliged to depend for his ad- vancement largely on the knowledge he can pick up during his working hours. About a year ago the company established a Bureau of Information and employees were notified that ques- tions relating to railroad matters would be answered The response was so great that the work of the bureau grew rapidly until those in charge were obliged to prepare printed matter covering certain lines of much desired information. From this the bureau grew until now the company has a well-organized teaching force and is issuing to the students properly compiled text books. The remarkable success of the scheme is il- lustrated by the fact that more than 80 per cent. of the employees have taken advantage of the opportunity offered for qualifying for better positions. There are 29 courses of instruction, and the number is being increased. They include a block signal course, where the principles of electricity and magnetism are taught; an electrical course for shop employees, 4 rail- road accounting course, freight and passenger trafic courses and a general course for candidates for pos tions, such as train master, yard superintendent, & The bureau also teaches by correspondence locomotive engineering, mechanical drawing, boilermaking, shop practice and other lines. One course, called the track course, has been translated into Japanese for the use of Japanese section foremen and track laborers, ° whom the Union Pacific employs about goo. The st dents who average a good percentage in that grade can advance themselves further by taking up the study of railroad civil engineering. ng the students’ papers, writing, spelling, punctuation are not criticised except lent is qualifying for a position that calls raining. The text books are all illustrated aphs taken in the company’s shops and tem. Students are requested to take up the lines in which they are engaged, but mpulsory. An employee is privileged to t book he desires and enroll as a student branches taught by the bureau. new field for industrial educational work. g mmends itself to other railroad companies. America and the Foreign Patent nual report of the Commissioner of Patents uch information, including statistics, having : mportant bearing upon the problem of the com- vorking of patents. Of the total of 35,778 s issued, 3719 were to citizens of foreign coun- The classification according to nations includes 1083; England, 894; Scotland, 67; Ireland, anada, 534; France, 315; Austria-Hungary, 139; Sweden, 124; Switzerland, 77; Victoria, 66; Belgium, ly, 47; Russia, 47; Norway, 35; Mexico, 31; ‘ew Zealand, 30; Denmark, 28; Transvaal; 28; New South Wales, 23; Netherlands, 18; Cuba, 9; Spain, 9; \rgentina, 8, and Japan, 8, and thence through a long f countries which make a still smaller showing. In most of these countries the compulsory working of all patents is required. The chief exception in re- gard to the patents of Americans is Germany, with which country a special treaty exists. The commission- er states that treaties of like import with other coun- tries are now pending. Should this interchange be established as a general practice, especially covering those nations which are most important to industrial ind commercial America, an essential element of the ‘of a compulsory working clause in our own patent aws would be eliminated. However, Germany is fret- ting over the existing arrangement, and legislation to nove a discrimination in favor of American in- entors is proposed. Probably much depends, in the negotiations with other countries and the permanency ‘ their results, upon the success of what may be ‘med this experimental treaty with Germany. including Germany, some 10 per cent. of patents the United States are to citizens of other ries. Exeluding Germany, some 7 per cent. of an patents are issued to citizens of other coun- ich require the working of patents issued by \mericans. The American manufacturer can- foreign inventions because of United States The foreign industry can procure the can- of any patent issued by his country, if it is tked commercially, The outcome is the estab- f many American branch plants abroad. ‘ust also be taken into important account that a ch higher percentage of the foreign inventions at Washington are really useful in the in- rts than with domestic patents, for an inven- ' usually be assured of some practical value ‘inventor or the assignor will go to the cost ng the device or process in the other industrial ced of some change covering the entire situa- loubted. If by treaty the American inventor THE IRON AGE 571 shall secure the same protection in foreign countries as is accorded to the citizens of those countries by the United States, probably the end will be served very well. But difficulties exist as to the permanency of such a practice, if, as under the German treaty, the Ameri- can has greater privileges in the foreign country than those of the citizen, who is not exempt from the com- pulsory working principle. The agitation should speed- ily lead to a satisfactory solution of the question. A Novelty in Apprentice Systems A machine shop employing some 150 men is es- tablishing an apprentice system on an essentially dif- ferent principle from the common practice. The boy is given direct financial benefits from a premium sys- tem; he receives instruction from an expert whose time is devoted to increasing the general efficiency of the works; and, which is very exceptional, the appren- tice’s term of service is based not on a series or periods of proscribed lengths, but on his progress in acquir- ing the skill and knowledge of his trade. The course is divided into the usual number of terms, each havy- ing its wage scale, gradually ascending. But the mark- ing points of advance from one wage to another are standards of labor. When an apprentice arrives at a predetermined degree of efficiency, he passes to the next period of the course. What may require four years for one boy to accomplish, another may do in two. It depends upon himself entirely; upon his adaptability, his native mechanical intellect, his ap- plication and his ambition. The instructor’s duties extend beyond the appren- tice class. He is the efficiency man of the shop sys- tem. His duty is to study the processes of manufac- ture of every part and piece going through the plant; the methods of handling work; to search’ for wasted effort and those traditionary customs among the men which in some plants establish the rate of production. Comparisons of methods are made; the speeds of va- rious workmen on the same class of work are put side by side and improvement made on the best previous practice. The important factor of periods of relaxa- tion, scientifically determined, is given attention, that undue physical and mental fatigue may not result from increasing tension.’ The atmosphere in which the boy is employed is one of constant striving after the most economical and effective methods of manufacture. The instructor gives him the benefits of the results of these studies; in fact, the apprentice participates directly in them. In many shops the apprentice receives little di- rect attention. His instructor is a foreman, a busy man whose, time is divided among a group of workmen and apprentices and many other details of routine and emergency. The boy is expected to learn largely from chservation, frequently of the work of men whose mechanical ability is limited. In the shop in question, the management after a study extending over several months found that the foreman of the most important department of the shop—the department, in fact, in which the apprentices receive the most. valuable part of their training—could be expected to give to the student hardly more than five minutes of the average day. Such instruction was inadequate. The obvious deduction was that the boys had merely been learning from what they saw about them and from questions asked of older workmen. Therefore they were able to wis FN Rip onk ccs Ay Sag ele a ee a sa es EES = She anh cee eee eel S840 erg tee eat . 2 P ? br ats ei i eee ee Cig A OE ea. een ~~ mn = 7 is ae peewee 572 THE IRON AGE March do justice neither to themselves nor to their employer. The premium system as laid down has originality. The worker gets all of the saving over the fixed time. If 50 hours are allotted for a job, and the apprentice cr workman does it in 40 hours, he has earned for him- self 10 hours’ pay at his regular wage rate. He does not divide the saving over the charted schedule. The boy earning 9g cents an hour receives 90 cents extra if he saves 10 hours. But the original 50 hours is not the previous rate for the job. It is an arbitrary unit based on what reasonably might be expected, as a re- sult of the investigations of the efficiency man. In the case cited, the former average time for the job may have been 60 hours. The arbitrary time once set, it remains. What is saved beyond that time goes to the employee. The division of the saving is made in ad- vance, the employer taking his share first, but not be- grudging whatever his workmen may get afterward. He has the additional benefit which comes with the increase in machine efficiency and the other resultant economies in overhead expenses. The workmen and apprentices receive the continued assistance of the ex- pert, after the original calculations have been made, and experience has shown that efficiency increases with the passage of time. Upon his successes in this inspiring atmosphere de- pends the progress of the apprentice. A first period, in most shops of six months, may be covered in two months. Previous shop experience of the boy may make this possible. So it goes throughout the course. Exact limits of service are destroyed. The reward of ability and intelligent energy is the earlier attainment of increased pay and the earlier final advancement to the dignity of journeyman, and also the extra dollars from the premium system. The principle has its strong points. Probably the new inducement will make it easier to get desirable boys. Classroom studies are not included, nor is shop time devoted to the drafting room. But the instructor’s influence will doubtless send many of the students to evening school The sys- tem is one of automatic reward for ambition and apti- tude, a reward applied without prejudice or favor. A Machinery Exhibit That Paid Whether machinery exhibits at expositions held in the past in this and other countries have brought ade- quate financial returns for the investment is a much mooted question among manufacturers, but at least one international show held last summer gave good returns to a group of English exhibitors. This was the Buenos Ayres Centenary Exposition at which a representative display of metal working machinery and agricultural implements was shown by British manufacturers. Ac- cording to Commissioner-General Akers, who had charge of the British section, the exhibitors in that division received $200 in orders for every dollar they ‘ spent in its organization. The total cost of fitting up and maintaining the section was $70,000, and already $12,500,000 worth of orders have gone from Argentina to the British firms participating in the show. The chief exhibitors in the section were the makers of metal working machinery and agricultural implements, and it is stated that some of the manufacturers in this line booked orders far exceeding the average of $200 for every dollar spent. American agricultural machinery and dairy equip- i 9 I9I] ment were well represented at the Bue: res Ex. position, and the United States Steel | ts Ca pany had a representative display. Effor: e made to get our makers of metal working mac! inery jnter. ested in the show, but with poor success. ‘he [y ’ States Steel Products Company worke:! ly t lines, and some of its officials spent valualile tip efforts to organize a representative Amer ery exhibit, but the majority of those app: the Jamestown fiasco fresh in their minds to give the enterprise any consideration. ord that the few American manufacture: participate in the show were well rewarded ————~-e—____ What “ Depreciation’? Means Wm. B. Jackson of the engineering firm of D. (. 4 Wm. B. Jackson, Boston, Mass., says that in cop- sidering the depreciation problem it is _ exsentig) to understand clearly what the word “ depreciation” actually represents. Every part of a properly constructed and well equipped property can be maintained in good operative condition by current repairs for a_ period of years, but the time comes with every building and unit of equipment when it, like a suit of clothes, can no longer be kept serviceable by repairs or current maintenance, and when it must consequently be replaced substantially in its entirety. The length of useful life of a unit is determined by one or both of two factors: First, the inherent quality of most physical property to deteriorate, on account of the effects of use and of the elements, to a point where it cannot be longer economically maintained in satisfac- tory operative condition by ordinary repairs—that is, a unit ultimately reaches a point of “ decrepitude” when it is either impossible to keep it in satisfactory operative condition by current repairs or the cost for such repairs becomes so great that it is more economical to replace the old unit by a new one. Second, the effects of changes whereby the character of the service required is 80 changed, or the efficiency of apparatus for providing cor responding service is so improved, that the plant, though still physically capable of doing the work for which it was designed, is no longer able to economically provide the service required, and it is therefore obsolete. This second factor is well designated “ obsolescence.” A third division, called “ inadequacy.” is sometimes considered in estimating depreciation. This is intended to cover the effect upon the useful life of apparatus or plant of expansion in business, whereby otherwise serv: iveable apparatus is outgrown and must be replaced by larger apparatus. Mr. Jackson does not consider such & division necessary, for any effect caused by inadequacy which can be estimated may properly be considered under “ obsolescence.” —— Carting a 60-Ton Girder.—Six of the large si girders, fabricated by the Pennsylvania Steel penees: to support the columns for the upper portion of the re story Municipal Building in New York City, were mov from a pier on the Hudson River to the building at Center and Chambers streets, on Sunday last. The — ing will extend on both sides of Chambers a ee inese girders will span that thoroughfare. One of » girders weighed 60 tons and the others about 3) _ each. The depth of the largest girder is 10 ft. i from back to back of the angles. In transporting oe girder a 20-ton truck drawn by 34 horses wis a Each wheel of the truck was made of steel, was in © wide and weighed 3000 Ib. The street pavement! sid only slightly damaged but numerous manhole covers = broken by the weight of the girders and in some eases 1 same cover had to be replaced after each trip. ky in. was —s-o——" Seat Chicago. The Hubbard Steel Foundry Company, Fast Chis Ind., has increased its capital stock from >" $400,000. M THE IRON AGE 573 I] \Jar X- New Publications. New Publ ; By ‘T. O'B, Hubbard, J: H. Ledeboer ” er 2 ner. Size 5 x 74 in.; 128 pages, 4 plates ‘yams. Bound in cloth. Price $1.00 net. Longmans, Green & Co., Fourth avenue th street, New York City. 1 of the present volume is to provide a es wok of the elements of dynamic flight and d je language the laws governing aviation. : Lranch of engineering science as well as wortant industry and bearing in mind the 1 education along the former line, the edeavored to produce a book suitable for - and colleges, as well as for the student and rhe < divided into nine chapters, a bibliography, x ss (a number of useful tables. Except for the i , 7 “ iter, the divisions are purely arbitrary. The ul factors ed in a consideration of the science and its ' <o interdependent that a certain amount of sonetition is unavoidable and is really essential for the dd ; f clearness. In chapter I, the properties of the f discussed and in the next two the resistance and » flow of the air are taken up. Chapter IV. deals with t theory of the aeroplane, while the next two chapters are ,, give) over to stability and steering and propulsion. In y the next chapter the various points entering into the design of aeroplane are considered and the various types y iescrihed. Instruction in the art of navigating the air y sgiven in chapter VIII. and the final chapter deals with f the various forms of motors employed for propulsion. e The bibliography of aeroplaning, a glossary, a numler of talles of conversion factors, velocity and pressure of wind 4 mda barometric hight table complete the book. Smoley’s Parallel Tables of Logarithms and Squares.— By Constantine Smoley, C. E. Fifth edition revised aud enlarged. Size 44% x 7 in.; 174 pages. Bound in flexible leather. Price $3.50. Published by the En- gineering News Publishing Company, 220 Broadway, New York City. this new edition, the second part containing the cirithinic-trigonometrie tables, has been augmented by ding the table of natural functions and the includ- gof numerous other tables. The table of natural func- < gives the sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant and | for every minute in the quadrant and replaces r table in which the functions were given by in- 10 minutes. The other additions comprise ' squares, cubes, square and cube roots and reci- numbers from 1 to 1000 and tables of areas ferences of circles with diameters of from 1 hese additions enable a large field of theoret- ractical work to be covered, but at the same crease in the number of pages, 44, is not so ‘detract from the value of the book as a handy inl for engineers, architects and students. a =. = WH) [ Drop Forging, Die Sinking and the Machine Forming of Steel.—_By Joseph V. Woodworth. Size 6 x 9 in.; '- jiges, 304 illustrations, Bound in cloth. Price No Published by the Norman W. Henley Publish- “ny, 152 Nassau street, New York City. ‘ is a practical treatise on the hot and cold ring of steel and iron into finished shapes, th the tools, dies and machinery involved in ‘ture of duplicate forgings and interchange- | cold pressed parts from bar and sheet metal. iis endeavored to treat the subject compre- (| thoroughly, and with that end in view il ambiguous terms have been replaced by d familiar shop words, and all the filustra- ‘scriptions are plain and easy to understand. ile is divided into 11 chapters and the first le sinking and drop forging practice and de- _'* lor the produetion of duplicate metal parts. A - ‘f the use of embossing and drop forging dies ign and the construction of drop forging and ‘ants follows, Chapter V. is devoted to the rop hammers and treats of their development and weight, the foundations required by them and the dies which they use. The treatment of steel and iron for working in machine forging is discussed in the next chapter, and chapter VII. describes the press and the hammer forming of heavy hot and cold bar and sheet stock in dies and the assembling and manufacture of finished products. The next two chapters contain de- scriptions of the various types of machines and processes supplemented by examples of modern practice in the man- ufacture of machine forgings. Hydraulic forging meth- ods, autogenous welding and general shop practice are considered in chapter X., while the final chapter is given over to the making of various types of cutting tools, the use of drop presses for making flatwear and the harden- ing of drop dies. The Engineering Directory for 1911. Size 4 x 6% in.; 1378 pages. Bound in boards. Price $5. Published by the Crawford Publishing Company, 209 North Jef- ferson street, Chicago, Ill. The latest edition is very much enlarged over the previous ones, which were largely devoted to heating and plumbing goods. In addition to bringing the matter contained in former editions up to date, there is a 150- page directory of jobbers and dealers in mill, steam, mine, railroad and heating supplies and tools and ma- chinery as well as directories of electric light and power plants, gas companies, water works, architects and pur- chasing and manufacturers’ agents. An exhaustive clas- sified list of products with the maker’s name completes the book. Analysis Books of Lake Superior Ores M. A. Hanna & Co., Cleveland, Ohio, have issued ‘heir analysis book of the Lake Superior ores they will suip during 1911. Cargo analysis for 1910 and guaran- tees for 1911 are given. Of the 40 ores listed, 12 are Bessemer, 25 non-Bessemer, 1 manganiferous and 2 silicious. Twenty-one are from the Mesaba range and 19 are distributed between the Gogebic, Marquette and Me- nominee ranges. Among the ores listed are those from tne Newport mine in the Gogebic range. The output of this underground mine has increased rapidity in the past two years, the shipments in 1910 having reached 1,189,000 tons. Among other ores listed are those of the Republic mine in the Marquette range, one of the oldest mines in the Lake Superior district. From this mine 150,732 tons of ore were taken in 1910 and its total output has been 6,343,000 tons. The Lod-Stambaugh Company, Cleveland, announces the analysis of its Mesaba range ore, which will be offered in the season of 1911. These comprise Biwabik ore and Schilling ore from the Biwabik mine, the former a Bessemer and the latter a non-Bessemer; the Morton ore, a Bessemer, and the Crawford ore, a non-Bessemer, from the Morton mine; the Ruddy ore, a Bessemer, from the Ruddy mine, and the Helmer No. 2 ore, a non-Besse- mer from the Helmer mine. The Ruddy ore runs 62.03 per cent. in iron, v.0388 per cent. in phosphorus, and 5.75 per cent. in silica, with 10 per cent. moisture. The iron natural is thus 55.827 per cent. Pickands, Mather & Co., Cleveland, present in their rew annual pamphlet exhaustive analyses of their Lake Superior iron ores based in most cases on the shipments of 1910, while in a few instances expected analyses for 1911 are given. There are 10 old range Bessemer ores, 13 Mesaba Bessemers, 13 old range non-Bessemer ores, 12 Mesaba range non-Bessemers and 3 silicious ores. The ore on the list which is highest in fron is Section 30 Bessemer, which runs 63.10, dried at 212 deg., and 59.57 natural, the phosphorus being 0.045 and 0.0425 per cent., respectively. +e The monthly meeting of the Pittsburgh Foundrymen’s Association was held in Engineers’ Hall, Oliver Building, Pittsburgh, on the evening of March 6. The meeting was addressed by B. D. Fuller, superintendent .of the foundries of the Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Company, Cleveland, Ohio, on “Conservation of Foundry Ma- terials,” wai 5 Skiba tia hat “ os A. ogee Gaeta gia est "a * a F a cr Wg s F ce hee on a ee ee ‘ 4 a. - a 574 THE IRON AGE Pig Iron Production A Marked Increase in February Capacity Active March 1 Represents 24,450,000 Tons a Year There was a steady increase in pig.iron production throughout February. The total of coke and anthra- cite iron for the 28 days was 1,794,509 tons, or 64,090 tons a day, against 56,752 tons a day in January, a gain of 13 per cent. There was a gain of 16 active furnaces in the month, all due to the resumption of steel works furnaces, the active merchant furnaces showing a net loss of one, though the daily output of merchant iron increased over that of January, due to somewhat faster driving at a number of plants. The daily capacity of the 222 furnaces in blast March 1 was 66,562 tons against 59,568 tons a day for 206 furnaces February 1. Pro- duction to-day, including chatcoal iron (which is about 350,000 tons a year) is at the rate of 24,450,000 tons a year, against a rate of 22,000,000 tons a year February 1, and 19,700,000 tons at the low point to which it had fallen at the opening of the year. The high mark reached in early 1910 was a rate of 31,600,000 tons a year in February. Thus about 40 per cent. of the falling off between February, 1910, and the end of last year, has now been recovered. Daily Rate of Production The daily rate of production of coke and anthracite pig iron by months, beginning with February, 1910, is as follows: Daily Rate of Pig Iron Production by Months.—Gross Tons. Steel Works. Merchant. Total. Pebruery, 1010.. ....06scccees> 57,876 27,740 85,616 BR Ghosh ste Geehticbubwas 56,113 28,346 84,459 iano das nae Se keee ue xe 55,663 27,129 82,792 RRL esis bcs baba beieese ks 52,235 24,867 77,102 a ee eres ore ee 51,637 23,879 75,516 EN fs) duued 24 ane hhh So 47,183 22,122 69,305 NE ols a Gin dines Rao we na 46,534 21,429 67,963 wos cuecsscicawese 47,007 21,536 68,542 RR epee pert pe eet 45,794 21,726 67,520 eer eee 41,427 22,232 63,659 EY Since 5 § od > od tae 35,909 21,440 57,349 - gs Ml OP ere ee | FO 20,351 56,752 PONE = 6 ke cue cedslndedrdu 42,349 21,741 64,090 February Output by Districts The table below gives the production of all coke and anthracite furnaces in February and the four months preceding: Monthly Pig Iron Production.—Gross Tons, October. November. December. January. February. (31 days) (30 days) (31 days) (31 days) (28 days) New York.... 147,894 142,610 142,674 136,519 131,238 New Jersey... 19,115 18,284 15,437 12,627 6,00 Lehigh Valley. 69,327 62,161 68,531 68,324 5 Schuylkill Val. 61,673 54,642 51,466 60,592 57,321 Lower Susque- hanna and Lebanon Val. 54,072 50.370 51,888 43,942 42,729 Pittsburgh dis. 507,508 445,082 397,379 409,698 424,517 Shenango Val. 112,026 82,904 82,706 82,922 86,908 West. Penn... 126,098 87,568 81,957 94,118 96,616 Md., Va. and Kentucky ... 67,926 58,772 59,945 56,424 57,759 Wheeling dis. 76,581 84,390 74,225 77,715 95,571 Mahoning Val. 202,667 180,717 162,349 174,318 201,624 Central and North, Ohio. 117,902 108,599 112,662 127,579 144,80¢ Hocking Valley, monees Rock and 8.W.Ohio, 24,029 25,008 29,959 33,253 32,396 Mich.,Minn.,Mo., Wis.,Col..Wash. 72,825 78,927 68,313 60,941 61,406 Chicago dis... 246,504 289,469 197,340 165,826 155,498 Alabama .... 160,077 165,512 154,025 128,188 118,594 Tenn., Georgia and Texas... 26,897 24,764 26,961 26,340 25,153 SD | Totals. . .2,093,121 1,909,780 1,777,817 1,759,326 1,794,509 Among furnaces blown in in February were one Lack- awanna and New York State Steel Company in New York, Delaware River in Eastern Pennsylvania, one Duquesne, two Edgar Thompson, one Isabella and Clinton in the Pittsburgh district, Hall in the Shenango Valley, one Cambria in Western Pennsylvania, one Maryland at Sparrows Point, two Mingo, Benwood and Riverside in the Wheeling district, one Newburg and one Lorain in Northern Ohio, and two Joliet and two South Chicago in Illinois. March 9, 191} The furnaces blown out last month were one Wharton in New Jersey, one Eliza in the Pittsbure) district Colonial in Western Pennsylvania, one Ohio in the Ma- honing Valley and one Iroquois in Illinois. Capacity in Blast March 1 and February | The following table shows the daily capacity of fy. naces in blast March 1 and February 1. These figures are based largely on the performance of the furnaces jy the past two months: Coke and Anthracite Furnaces in Blast and Capacity. — G; “08s Tons. ’ Total -;- Mareh 1, -——February — Location number Number Capacity Numbe: Capacity of furnaces. of stacks. in blast. per day. in blast. per day, New York: ‘ ED Gre owe dees 17 14 4,665 12 3,931 Other New York... 7 8 529 3 BBR New Jersey.....%... 7 1 156 2 410 EN 06.4 6d 00 v.ha'e 2 ° ite ate ie Pennsylvania : Lehigh Valley....:23 11 1,928 11 2.110 MME 20 cee y,0 0 3 1 8&5 1 05 Schuylkill Valley.. .16 8 2,178 7 1,965 Low, Susquehanna.. 7 4 716 { 705 Lebanon Valley... .10 5 810 5 712 Pittsburgh dis.....50 38 15,620 a5 14.215 IE? i. oil ain wg 3 2 373 1 136 Shenango Valley. ..20 10 3,250 9 2.997 West.: Penh........27 11 3,375 11 2,990 Maryland. .......:.. 4 3 820 2 575 Wheeling dis........ 14 12 4,350 s 2,850 Ohio: “ 2 Mahoning Valley.. .28 17 6,425 6,240 Central and North.22 14 5,232 12 4,244 Hocking Val., Hang- ing ock and 8. L Ws SUM. he cess 15 8 1,157 8 1,120 Illinois and Indiana. .34 16 6,275 13 5,208 Michigan, Wisconsin : and Minnesota.....10 5 1,093 5 1,058 Colorado, Missouri and Washington ....... 7 4 1,104 4 1,185 The South: OER ..0.<:04\s'eee ae 23 8 937 8 906 PEE ioc cc cbs 5 2 344 2 340 AlABAMAR~.0:4-0 vs wows 46 17 4,235 17 4,134 Tenn, and Georgia.20 8 905 8 890 ID | x nckeeaen 415 222 66,562 206 59,568 Production of Steel Companies Returns from all plants of the United States Steel Corporation and the various independent steel compa- nies show the following totals of product month by month. Only steel-making iron is included in these fig- ures, together with ferromanganese, spiegeleisen and ferrosilicon. These last, while stated separately, are also included in the columns of “total production.” Production of Steel Companies.—Gross ‘Tons, Spiegeleisen and -——Pig.—Total production ——, ferromanganese. 1909. 1910. 1911. 1910. 1911. January «....:. 1,117,823 1,773,201 1,128,448 19,538 8,360 February ......1,073,363 1,620,539 1,185,782 21,396 12,821 March ..,......1,140,553 1,789,212 ......>- 25,591 «..:. IE oc to Ss oes 1,093,092 1,669,898 ........ 22,304 Be iss saa veew 1,256,448 1,639,288 .......: 26,529 SI caacite sit 1,365,527 1,549,112 ........ 27,680 BMP AE, FE aie \d0% 1,508,762 1,462,689 ......--. 22,924 August . nis: 1,591,991 1,442,572. ......-- 25,796 September ....1.660,839 1,410,221 ........ 15,151 October ...... 1,769,094 1,419,624 ........ 8,500 November .....1,689,994 1,242,804 ........ 9,032 December . 1,768,799 1,118,174 .......> 12,178 Graphic Chart of Pig Iron Production and Prices The fluctuations in pig iron production from Janu- ary, 1907, to the present time are shown in the accom- panying chart. The figures represented by the heavy line are those of daily average production, by months, of coke and anthracite iron. The two other curves 0? the chart represent monthly average prices of Southern No. 2 foundry pig iron at Cincinnati and of local No. 2 foundry iron delivered at Chicago, They are based on the weekly market quotations of The Iron Age. The two sets of figures are as follows: Pig Iron in Daily Average Production of Coke and Anthracite Pig i". the United States by Months Since January 1, 1907.—@ro* Tons, 911 1907. 1908. 1909. 1910. a Damn eis aid 6 Riis Fh 71,149 33,718 57,975 $4,148 ol) DOREY. fs bs 95 ae 73,0388 37,163 60,976 85,616 %%" ME oe es wasewes sean 71,821 39,619 59,232 84,459 ----: EE adeno ib tien ci 73,885 38,289 57,962 82,792 EAD, «cate vim (hsaed 74,048 27,603 60,753 77,102 --- PRT sadnw bu cae e ae 74,486 36,444 64,656 ar Pare TUY nescence veccess 72,768 39,287 67,793 69,000 eee 72,591 43,851 72,546 67,963 - oe September ........... 72,783 47,300 79,507 ae eg QOMMES isa vileds sc 75,386 50,554 83,856 —— ree November .......0s00: 60,937 52,595 84,917 63,659 --- December ............39,815 56,158 85,022 57,349 --" March 9, 1911 ez i | | . . i ila le a elated selseieseilid glee iat o x | ae , j PER DIEM PIG IRON PRODUCTION THE IRON AGE AV. PRICE SOUTHERN No.2 FDY. ,CINCINNAT) eonmencane -—+ | AV. PRICE LOCAL No. 2 FDY., CHICAGO Diagram of Daily Average Production by Months of Coke and Anthracite Pig Iron in the United States from January 1, 1907, to March 1, 1911; Also’of Monthly Average Prices of Southern No. 2 Foundry Iron at Cincinnati and Local No. 2 Foundry Iron Delivered at Chicago. , Average Prices in Dollars of Southern No. 2 Foundry n at Cincinnati and Local No. 2 Foundry at Chicago January, 1907. 1907.—~, ——1908.——~, -—1909.—, r7—1910.—— Sou. Loe. Sou. Loc. Sou. Loc. Sou. Loc. No.2 No.2. No.2 No.2 No.2 No.2 No.2 No.2 Cin. Chi. Cin. Chi. Cin. Chi. Cin. Chi. 6.00 26.85 16.15 18.45 16.25 17.35 17.25 19.00 26.00 25.85 15.75 18.16 16,13 16.75 17.06 19.00 26.00 26.10 15.50 17.85 15.05 16.50 16.30 18,30 A ....25.06 26.35 15.20 17.73. 14.25 16.50 15.37 17.50 M ....24.25 26.85 14.75 17.63 14.50 16.50 15.00 17.06 I ....24.10 26.60 15.25 17.73 14.70 16.50 14.85 16.75 ily .....,.23.85 25.55 15.00 17.55 15.75 17.00 14.75 16.56 \ug. ......23.00 24.85 15.25 17.85 16.88 17.18 14.31 16.50 Sept ...21.50 24.10 15.65 17.05 17.35 18.70 14.25 16.40 Oct ...20.95 22.45 15.75 16.85 17.88 19.00 14.25 16.06 ....19.50 20.66 16.00 17.10 17.75 19,00 14.25 16.00 ++ 17.00 18.80 16.25 17,35 17.45 19.00 14.25 16.00 11, 14.25 15.50; Feb., 1911, 14.25 15.50 The Record of Production on of Coke and Anthracite Pig Iron in the United States / Months Since January 1, 1907.—Gross Tons, 1907. 1908. 1909. 1910. - 2,205,607 1,045,250 1,797,560 2,608,605 . 2,045,068 1,077,74 1,707,340 2,397,254 2,226,457 1,228,204 1,832,194 2,617,949 -. 2,216.0 2,483,763 .. 2,295,505 °1,165,688 1,883,330 2,390,180 . 2,284,575 1,092,131 1,930,866 2,265,478 -.. 2,255,660 1,218,129 2,103,431 2,148,442 ... 2,250,410 1,359,831 2,248,930 2,106,847 ... 2,183,487 1,418,998 2,385,206 2,056,275 -. 2,336,972. 1,567,198 541 2,093,121 -. 1,828,125 1,577,854 2,547,508 1,909,780 aK 1,234,279 1,740,912 680 =1,777,817 ’ ‘ : 1234" 2'635, .759,326; February, 1911, 1,794,509, Employment Bureau of Pittsburgh Manufacturers’ Association _/ ot some years the Manufacturers’ Association, with u the Lewis Building, Pittsburgh, has conducted yment bureau very successfully. It is in charge Crieder, secretary of the association. In reply ns recently asked as to the operations of this ‘he association has made a statement from which ving is taken: employment bureau aims to establish the prin- r dealing between employee and employer, and to protect both in the exercise of their free rights as in- dividuals, given by the constitution of the United States. The main purpose of the bureau is to make it easy for the employer to find men who want work, and for the men, when they want work, to find an employer—a plain, simple proposition, making it possible for men out of work to learn at one place which employers are in ‘need of men, and, by leaving their applications, making it pos- sible for employers to learn at the same place what men want work. “ One of the principal objects of the bureau is to show both employer and employee that their interest are identi- cal, and that the greatest good can be secured for both by their united efforts. The bureau keeps no black list.” The Ferro Machine & Foundry Company’s Improvements The Ferro Machine & Foundry Company, Cleveland, Ohio, has just completed at its factory a large office build- ing in which are combined the two divisions of its office force, one of which had previously been In the downtown section of the city. The rapid growth of the company’s business compelled it to increase its office facilities. This building is two stories and has a floor space of 15,000 sq. ft. A careful study of some of the largest offices in the country was made and the Ferro office was laid out so as to facilitate in every way the rapid handling of the business. The most modern improvements and equipment are installed throughout. Other important additions have been made to the company’s plant within the last 12 months. Among these was a large extension of the foundry and a new coreroom, the latter being generally conceded to be the finest of its kind. The Ferro factory now covers an area which makes It one of the largest in the world devoted to the casting of automobile parts. All of the machinery, a large percentage of it being of special design, is electrically driven. In addition to mak- ing automobile parts the compary builds marine engines. Tiree oak d eee a ae . ium aes ei Wb Ke 4 oye een sia ee sek te os en 576 ti Pittsburgh Freight rates from Pittsburgh in carloads, Philadelphia, 15c. ; Cincinnati, St. 45e. New York, 16c.; lle.; Cleveland, 10c. ; Chicago, 18c.: St. Paul, leans, 30c.: Birmingham, 32c. ; Ala., A Comparison of Prices a Prices of Finished Iron and Steel f.o.b. Boston, 15e. : Louis 1 , 22% THE IRON AGE March 9 The Iron and Metal Markets per 100 Ilb.: Buffalo, Indianapolis, 17c. ; bc.; New Or- Rates to the Pacific 18e. ; Hi Coast are SOc. on plates, structural shapes and sheets, N Bra: 11 and heavier; S5c, on ee sheets, No. 16 and lighter ; in., inclusive. 1.40c¢. to 1.45c., to 1.55e.. net 3 to 6 in, inclusive, ™%4 in, angles over 6 in., 1.50c¢. toa 1 er both legs, less than 4 in. 1.45¢.. and up, net: angles, channels and tees, under 3 in., 1.45c., base, plus. full sheets, net ; H-beams over § in., 1.5 and up, Doe., thick, Nos, net; 12 Dec. 1.40¢. a ngl es, to 16; 65c. on wrought boiler tubes. Structural Material.—I-beams and channels, 3 to-15 ; I-beams over 15 in., to 1.60c. ; to 1.45c.., 3 in., on one 1.45e., plus full extras as per steel bar card, effective September 1, 1909; tees, 3. in. zees, 3 in. and up, 1.40c. to 1.45¢., net; 95c. ne ; Advances Over the Previous Week in Heavy Type, ; Declines in Italics, A At date, one week, one month and one year previous, t Mar. 8, Mar. 1, Feb. 8, Mar. 9, e PIG IRON, Per Gross Ton: 1911. 1911. 1911. 1910. 5 Foundry No. 2. standard, Phila- : eth & Vie ack cs anes des $15.50 $15.50 $15.50 $18.00 ee Foundry No. 2, Southern, Cincin- : a ; Ae ee ee 14.25 14.25 14.25 16.50 i Foundry No, 2, Birmingham, Ale. 11.00 11.00 11.00 13.25 at Foundry No. 2, local, Chicago... 1550 15.50 15.50 18.50 F Basic, delivered, eastern Pa.... 315.25 15.00 14.50 18.50 ; Basic, Valley furnmace.......... 13.75 13.75