The Iron Age 1909-12-02: Vol 84 Iss 23

re cq 2 * Pa “es bec Q 1909 THE IRON AGE Published every Thursday Morning by David Williams Co., 14-16 Park Place, New York. — $8.00 Year,.in dir P . Vol. 84: No. 23. New York, Thursaay, December 2, 1909. “Copies, 15 Cents Single Copies, 15 Cents. Reading Matter Contents....... page 1757 Alphabetical index to Advertisers ‘* 236 ; P Classified List of Advertisers “226 | LON, ower Advertising and Subscription Rates “ 1758 4 A et SARE RR SS SS TOWER HILL CONNELLSVILLE COKE LOW SULPHUR Photograph of FOUNDRY FURNACE CRUSHED a hatchet 230/30 ‘Rem Reed F. Blair & CO.,Pittsburgh, Pa, | penetrated by a soft point The original and only Genuine bullets from s 25 Rem, “STILLSON || Remington . Autoloading 35 Rem. Rifles. d ' Autoloading WALWORTH MFG. CO., Boston, U.S. A. Cartridges And bears their registered Trade-Mark Used * Loads Itself’ Powerful shooter—powerful seller Send for Literature REMINGTON ARMS COMPANY Ilion, N. Y. | | Agency 31383 Broadway, New York The _Griete! Comseny, Wetersurr- “| WATER TUBE The Babcock & Wilcox Co., SAMSON SPOT SASH CORD BOILERS See page 68 ” _— _wenrscsranet wm {|| The Best Paying Horse Nail Proposition ~ 'TURNBUCKLES for Hardware Dealers—a plentiful supply of ‘‘Capewell”’ Nails on hand at all times. The use for more than a quarter century of these par- Cleveland City Forge and Iron Co., Cleveland, 0. ~UuURNBUOCHK LES ticular nails has given ample opportunity to the horse-shoers rTroRNEU MERRILL BROS. of the country to prove their excellence. lef peas actaiiniittin. The great demand is for “‘Capewell’’ nails—they virtu- New York, N. Y. ally sell themselves—and this makes them a money making proposition for the dealer who is prepared to fill orders dag ee ST BAS IC Pl G. ew MADE BY Pillin g & Crane Real Estate Trust Bldg., THE CAPEWELL HORSE NAIL CO., aarttora, conn., u.s. A. Empire Bldg., New York. The Largest Manufacturers of Horseshoe Nails in the World. —< << ————————— (LLERIN is DEINAMERICAand | THE BEST IN THE ae, RULE CO., w, Mich., U.S.A. | = von London, — Windsor, Can. | Jenkins Bros. Radiator Valves are made of an excellent grade of new steam metal, and are recommended by the leading architects and consulting engineers, because they are the heaviest, strongest and most durable. Steam users are always assured of obtaining entire satisfaction, as they are absolutely guaranteed. May we send you our Catalogue ? JENKINS BROS., New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago “A seasonable roof is one covered with MF “Swedoh” Gold Rolled Steal soit in Drawing a Stamping 32 pounds coating THE AMERICAN TUBE & STAMPING COMPANY SEE 35 ROOFING TIN (Water and Ral Delivery) Buipoxront, oxy. PAGE MAGNOLIA reitsx METAL — The elements make no impression upon it AMERICAN SHEET AND TIN PLATE COMPANY Frick Bullding Pittsburgh, Pa The Standard Babbitt of the World We manufacture ‘on MAGNOLIA METAL CO. everything in the See our ad on page 19 New York: 115 Bank St. Chicago: Fisher Building, Montreal: 31: St, Nicholas St. “OUR CURVES” SEND FORA &, BLUE PRINT >) SY 2 THE IRON AGE The Plume & Atwood Mfg, Co, SHEET | BRASS } < WIRE Manufacturers of Sheet and Roll Brass, Wire, | GERMAN Ro Rods, German Silver and Brass SILVER Goods in great variety WIRE Sales Office 279 Broadway, New York cian ni sith cue erntini Branches, Chicago San Francisco Pat. Leveled Sign Brass) “tick stcs, con. “Waterbery, Conn No Buckles, Clean Surface, Polished or Plain STEEL DIES If our steel stamps and dies PAT. LEVELED GERMAN SILVER ane any sere meee os Polished or Plain for Soda don’t want your orders. Water and Bar Fixtures Matthews of Pittsburg LOS eR ARE a ounde MOST §§| Low Brass, Gilding and Bronze SCOVILL MFG. CO. rr EFFICIENT Metal, Sheet, Rod and Wire . Manufacturers of Manufactured Goods in Great Variety BRASS, GERMAN SILVER, Sheets, — Wire, and s FOLLANSBEE POLISHED FOLLANSBEE BLUE Waterbury Brass Co. Brass Shells, Cups, Hinges, Buttons, — WATERBURY, CONN. = mp Goods, FOR STOVES, vi 1 Cliff St., New York Providence, R.I. Special Brass Goods to Order. = oP nk. ok eek ee — sine woes’ at Bridgeport Deoxidized Bronze|| = waTERBURY, CONN. greta & Metal Co. NEW YORK jamn BOSTON SUPERIOR BRIDGEPORT, CONN. eae anne een 4 FinisHes | Phosphor and Deoxidizea |HEN Souter Engineering Go. FOLLANSBEE BROS. Co. Bronze HARTPORD, CONN. PITTSBURGH Consulting Chemists, Metallurgists Composition, Yellow Brass and Alumi- num Castings, large and small and Analysts. Complete Physical Testing Laboratory. Expert Testimony in Court and Patent Cases. Arthur T, Rutter & Go, 256 Broadway, NEW YORK. Matthiessen & Hegeler Zinc Co. LA SALLE, ILLINOIS SMELTERS OF SPELTER AND MANUFACTURERS SHEET ZINC AND SULPHURIC ACID Special Sises = oe a ee rem med Plates WIRE, BRASS, COPPER ype rtd -verenihne phew areal BRONZE AND GERMAN Stove and Washboard Bianks SILVER ZINCS FOR LECLANCHE BATTERY GERMAN SILVER WHITE In Sheet, Wire, Rods, Tubing and Blanks. Polished wide sheets, patent levelled, for soda foun- tains, bar fixtures etc. German silver for spinning. NICKEL ANODES 2245S. BRONZE, COPPER in all forms \ THE SEYMOUR MEG. CO., Seymour, Conn. J HENDRICKS BROTHERS Fine Sizes a Specialty. “PHONO-ELECTRIC® WIRE. “Is roves.” =m TROLLEY, TELEPHONE mittee ea and TELEGRAPH LINES. © re ORIDGEPORT BRASS COMPANY Mill Manufacturers of Bridgepo Postal Telegraph Bldg. Conn. Broadway and Murray 8t., New York. Sheet andBarCopper, CopperFireBoxPlates and Staybolts, Wire and Braziers Rivets Importers and Dealers in Ingot Copper, Block, .Tin, Spelter, —C Lead, Antimony, Bismuth, Nickel, etc. nt J Oe eee ae 49 CLIFF STREET - : NEW YORK |=: - xe RIVERSIDE, N J. PHOSPHOR-BRONZE GERMAN SILVER THE IRON AGE New York, Thursday, December 2, 1909. The Leland High Speed Sensitive Drill. The four-spindle high speed sensitive drill press shown in the illustrations contains several departures from generally accepted practice, and is especially inter- esting because it is the first of a new line built by W. H. Leland & Co., Worcester, Mass. It is a very heavy tool, with some 250 Ib. more metal than is usual in its class, the builders believing that the work now required of a sensitive drill press necessitates very substantial construction taking into consideration the fact that the Only sensitive parts are the feed by hand, and, when mounted at the side of the spindle. Being of the screw type, no slip is possible. All horizontal bearings are ring oiling, made with inserted bushings of a special metal, following the practice which has been so thoroughly de- veloped in automobile design. When desired, however, ball bearings are furnished. The vertical learings have felt storage for oil. The shifting of the belt is accom- plished by the treadles, located at both sides of the base. The drill is designed to run at the highest speeds per- missible with high speed steel drills. Fig. 1 shows a front view of the machine, with de- tails of the stop motion and table construction; Fig. 2 Two Views of a Four-Spindle Pattern of the New High Speed required, the drive by belt. The base is very heavy, of a box shape section throughout, up to the foot of the col- umns, for the purpose ‘of maintaining under all circum- stances the truth of the surface to which the heads are bolted. The ribbing of the table is another feature, the design heing similar to that of surface plates. In this the effort has been made to insure maintaining the table level, so that even under the weight of the heaviest jib no springing of this part can take place. Regarded mechanically, most attention will be at- tracted by the method of tightening the belts, which must always be an essential feature of this type of tool. The combination of a screw and swivel motion gives the desired position of the back shaft pulleys and at the same time equalizes the tension of the two belts, a detail which is treated more elaborately later. A unique fea- ture of the feed is a ratchet device for the lever handle. The stop motion is furnished with micrometer readings if desired, and in both this and the standard form is Fig. 2. Sensitive Drill Built by W. H. Leland & Co., Worcester, Mass. gives a general idea of the belt tightening mechanism, Fig. 3 details of it and Fig. 4 details of the table con- struction. The construction of the gooseneck, together with the method of tightening the belts, constitutes an essential feature in the design of the machine. The parts @ and b, Fig. 3, form with the gooseneck a triangular truss which stiffens the construction to overcome the strains when belts are tightened to high tension for large drills, and prevent spring in any part of the head. Each goose- neck has independent adjustment of belt tension and in- dependent change of speeds. The box ¢ of the back shaft d is clamped between two guiding surfaces at e. The screw f is a part of the box and works in the hand wheel nut g, the ball end of which rests in the socket /h, in which it can swivel. Loosening the binder handle i re- leases the box and allows it and the back shaft to swivel ahout A in a vertical plane between the two guiding sur- faces at e. The turning of the hand wheel nut moves ee 1700 THE the back shaft in or out, loosening or tightening the belts. Thus when the binder clamp is loosened and the hand wheel nut turned, the inward or outward move- ment and the swiveling motion combine to equalize the tension of the two belts. so that they drive equally well. Tightening the binder fixes the back shaft in its new position and the lower belt can then be moved to either of its four positions for the different speeds. Referring to the arrangement of belting, the belts j and k transmit the power from the lower shaft to the spindle. The latter belt makes a quarter turn and is driven from a pulley fixed on the shaft d, on the other Fiz. 3.—Details of the Belt-Tightening Mechanism. Fig. 4.—Details of the Table Construction of the Leland High Speed Sensitive Drill. end of which is mounted a four-step cone pulley belted to a cone pulley on the lower shaft. The pulley 1 on the drill spindle is merely a drum, made more than twice the width of the 1%- in. belt, so that the quarter turn belt may take its normal position as the back shaft is moved toward or away from the gooseneck. The upper bearing of the spindle is double, with one part above the pulley to procure the best conditions for the pull of the belt against the upper quill. The head is held in any position on its face of the post by a binder. In fact binders are employed through- out the machine, there being no necessity to use a wrench in any adjustment or operation. The feed lever is of sufficient diameter and length to permit of a power- ful feed for large drills. It can be moved quickly from IRON AGE December 2, 1909 short to long leverage, being splined in its bearing for that purpose. The feed is through rack and pinion, in the usual way. and -also through a ratchet, which is novel. A twist of the hand lever raises the pawl and holds it disengaged until released to engage a new tooth. The lever is knurled sufficiently to permit of a good grip. The stop motion, mounted at the side of the spindle, consists of a screw and nut and a projecting piece from the spindle sleeve, together with a check nut and binder. The screw passes through a clearance hole in the pro- jecting piece, and the motion of the spindle downward is stopped when the nut strikes the piece. In the ordi- nary equipment of the machine the screw is round, while two ordinary nuts are furnished, depths being set by scale or block. The machine is shown equipped with a micrometer gauge. The screw is slabbed off on its front and graduated to tenths of an inch, while the nut is graduated to hundredths; each graduation therefore cor- responds to 1-1000 in. traverse of the spindle. This ar- rangement is desirable in tool making and for other pur- poses where precision is required. The table is and lowered by an elevating screw which is stationary, while the nut hand wheel re- volves. The thrust is taken on a ball bearing. The distance from the face of the column to the cen- ier of the spindle is 7 in., the distance between spindles % in., the maximum distance from the spindle nose to the table 24 in., the vertical adjustment of heads 11 in., the vertical adjustment of the table 12 in., the vertical traverse of the spindle 5 in., the diameter of the spindle 1 in., the diameter of the nose 1% in., the width of the belt on the cones 144 in. and the diameter of the spindle pulley 4 in. No. 2 Morse taper sockets are used. The dimensions and weights for the one, two, three and four spindle machines are respectively: Outside size of table, 14 x 14 in., 14 x 26 in., 14 x 35 in. and 14 x 44 in.; working surface, 11 x 11 in., 11 x 23 in., 11 x 32 in. and 11 x 41 in.; diameter of the driving pulley, 8 in.; face of the driving pulley, 114 in., 1% in., 2 in. and 2% in.; floor space required, 38 x 21 in., 33 x 30 in., 38 x 39 in. and 33 x 48 in.; weight, 500, 750, 1000 and 1230 Ib. raised —————- - > oe —__ —— A Large Purchase of Charcoal Pig Iron. The American Car & Foundry Company has been negotiating for some time for a permanent supply of high grade charcoal pig iron. The rapid depreciation of hard wood timber has caused many to realize that char- coal will become scarce within the next few years. Mich- igan, with its large but diminishing supply of maple tim- ber, is now the chief producer of charcoal pig iron. Charles H. Schaffer of Marquette, Mich., Frederick Smith of Elk Rapids, Mich., and Frank B. Baird of Buf- falo, N. Y., after selling their Boyne City Furnace to the Berry syndicate, began the erection of a new plant at East Jordan, Mich. The furnace is now completed and will commence operation prior to January 1. Last week the East Jordan Furnace Company was organized, and a contract was made with the American Car & Foun- dry Company by which the latter secures the entire prod- uct of the furnace for a long term of years. This takes the East Jordan Furnace Company out of the market as a seller, and on the other hand, the American Car & Foundry Company has secured a full supply of charcoal iron for many years to come. ++ > —-_——_ The Foundrymen’s Convention at Detroit.—A con- ference was held recently between the officers of the Foundry Supply and Manufacturers’ Association and the American Foundrymen’s Association and representatives of the local committee which is preparing for the 1910- convention of the different foundrymen’s associations at Detroit. It was decided to hold the convention of the- iron and brass founders and the exhibition of foundry appliances in the week beginning Monday, June 6. The sessions of the American Foundrymen’s Association and of the American Brass Founders’ Association for the reading of papers will probably be held Tuesday, Wednes- day and Thursday, June 7-9. Rolling Speed and Annealing. Tests Showing Their Effects on Soft Bar Steel. BY GRANT D. BRADSHAW, In May, 1908, tests were made on a bar mill for the purpose of determining: first, whether the speed of the rolis had any effect on the physical characteristics of the finished bar; second, whether the slight tempering effect of suddenly quenching a 4-in. billet of soft steel was en- tirely removed by reheating and rolling into bars. The mill had a three-high 18-in. roughing stand, which in seven passes reduced the billet from 4 x 4 in. square to an oval about 1 21-82 x 11-16 in. The oval was deliv- ered through a twister, which turned it 90 degrees in a length of about 30 ft. to the 12-in. train. This finishing train reduced the oval in three passes to a 9-16-in. square bar and ran it out on a hot bed, where it was allowed to cool in the air. The 18-in. train was direct connected to the engine, which drove the 12-in, train also by means of a rope drive, so that the same speed relation between the passes was maintained at all speeds. The mill was fed by a Morgan continuous reheating furnace, which nor- mally received hot billets direct from a conveyor from the billet mill. There was provision, however, for charg- ing cold billets into the furnace from the billet yard. For this test a single ingot, about two tons, was rolled to 4 x 4 in., cut into lengths and run out on the conveyor. Of this one-third was run direct to the reheating furnace; one-third was dumped to the ground and allowed to cool slowly in the air, and one-third was dumped to the ground and quenched with water. This ingot was soft, acid Bessemer steel, and the anaylsis showed: Carbon, 0.07 per cent.; sulphur, 0.056 per cent.; phosphorus, 0.081 per cent., and manganese, 0.87 per cent. The tempera- tures recorded were obtained with an optical pyrometer. Table 1.—Billets Charged Directly Into Furnace While They Were Still Hot. Temp. Temp. 12-in. train. Reduc. Elon- at of Rev. Feet Time of gation rolls. finish per per in rolls. Elastic Tensile area. in 8 in. Deg. F. Deg. Ff. min. min. Sec. limit. str’gth. Per ct. Per ct. 2,035 1,837 240 772 50 48,400 57,600 57.0 28.8 2,190 1,958 240 ‘772 50 43,700 57,800 58.3 29.9 2,140 1,744 160 515 75 45,400 59.400 59.6 29.9 2,073 1,819 150 482 75 44,800 58,200. 59.6 30.5 2,178 1,783 185 4384 85 44,400 58,100 59.0 30.3 2,215 1,785 125 402 90 44,450 58,100 57.9 29.9 The results of tests on the first lot of billets, those charged directly into the reheating furnace while still hot, are given in Table I. The average temperature at which they entered the rolls was about 2140 degrees F., and the loss of temperature during rolling varied from 132 to 482 degrees F., depending on the time. To obviate any irregularity in the results due to variation in the sample, &e., eight samples were taken from each bar, to be brokeh in the testing machine, so that every figure of tensile strength, elongation, &c., is the average of eight determinations. The first two tests of this lot of billets were run at the normal speed, 240 rev. per min. of the 12-in. train. The following four tests were each run somewhat slower than the one preceding, until in the last the speed was held at 125 rey. per min., a total re duction of 48 per cent. From a careful comparison of these figures it appears that though there is some slight variation of the physical characteristics, they do not fol- low the change in speed. Table 2.—Billets Air Cooled Before Reheating. Temp. Temp. 12-in. train. Reduc. Elon- at of Rev. Feet Time of gation rolls. finish. per per inrolls. Elastic Tensile area. in 8 in. Deg. F. Deg. F. min. min. Sec. limit. str’gth. Per ct. Per ct. 2,190 1,998 235 756 55 48,800 58,500 60.7 29.9 2,178 1,944 235 756 55 44,000 58,600 57.1 29.3 2,215 1,819 115 3870 80 45,200 59,000 57.2 28.8 2,241 1,783 95 305 95 44.800 59,600 56.3 29.6 Table II takes up the billets that were allowed to cool in the air before reheating. In these tests the first two were run about normal speed, the next at about half, and the last at 95 rev. per min., a reduction of 140 rev. per min., or nearly 60 per cent. As in the previous table, eight samples were broken from each bar and the aver- age given in the table. The elastic limit and tensile December 2, 1909 THE IRON AGE 1701 strength appear to have been increased slightly, but it is probably only due to the natural variation, as this effect is not noticeable in either of the other two tables. Table 3.—Billets Quenched with Water Before Reheating. Temp. Temp. 12-in. train. Reduc. Elon- at of Rey. Feet Time of gation rolls. finish. per per inrolls. Blastic Tensile area. in 8 in. Deg. F. Deg. F. min. min. See. limit. str’gth. Per ct. Per ct. 2,307 1,985 235 756 5d 44,000 59,100 50.1 29.1 2,165 1,985 235 756 55 45,900 58,300 55.1 29.7 2,190 1,886 130 418 105 44,500 58,200 51.7 29.8 1,837 130 §=6418 100 44,500 58,800 55.1 28.2 The third table, that of billets which were suddenly quenched before reheating, was run in the same manner as table 2, the first two billets being rolled at normal speed and the last two at a speed reduction of 45 per cent. Much the same conclusions seem to present them- selves as in the first and second tables. Eight tests of each billet were made as before. A summary of the entire 112 determinations, 48 le- ing made on steel rolled at normal speed and the re- mainder on steel rolled much slower, would seem to prove conclusively that with soft steel the speed of roll- ing, or the rate at which work is done on the hot metal, has practically no effect on the finished bar. Table 4 iverage of Results of Tables 1, 2 and 3. Elastic Tensile Reduction Elong. limit. strength. of area. in 8 in. Treatment of steel. 14.390 58.200 58.6 29.9 Billets not cooled before re heating. 14,450 58,920 57.8 29.4 Billets air cooled before re heating. 44,170 58,600 53.0 29.2 Billets quenched before re- heating. When we take up the effect of reheating and roll- ing in removing the results of previous heat treatment of soft steel we discover a surprising condition. Quench- ing even soft steel has a distinct tempering effect. To quote Mr. A. kK. Hunt (Transactions A. I. M. E., 1888, Vol. xii.) : “ Soft steel, no matter how low in carbon, will harden to a certain extent upon being heated red hot and plunged into water. ” Mr. Hunt gives as an illustration a heat of open hearth steel, carbon 0.15 per cent., manganese 0.29 per cent., which upon quench- ing gave an increase in tensile strength of 19,000 Ib. per sq. in., a decrease of 2 per cent. in elongation and a decrease of 12 per cent. in reduction of area. <A reheat- ing to as high a temperature as 2200 degrees F. and further working at that temperature has heretofore al- ways been supposed to remove all such effect, which supposition table 4 effectually disproves. Although the elongation of the steel that had been quenched has been brought back to within 0.7 per cent. of that which was not cooled, the reduction of area is full 5.6 per cent. le- low standard. Even the billets which were only air cooled show the effect slightly. Considering the slight initial effect of quenching soft steel, would not a higher carbon steel show these permanent effects more strongly ? , Se Revised Navy Specifications for Electric Motors and Controlling Devices. New specifications of the Navy Department covering electric motors and controlling devices became effective September 5, 1209. Copies of these specifications can be obtained from the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts, Navy Department, Washington, D. C. They are known as 17M1 and 17M2, and are for use in all departments of navy yards and stations. 17M1 covers specifications for direct current electric motors for operating navy yard machinery and supersedes specifications 2M1 issued by the Navy Department June 1, 1908. 17M2 covers specifications for induction motors for operating navy > yard machinery, and supersedes specifications 17M2 is- ued by the Navy Department October 9, 1908. For the benefit of those bidding on electrically driven machinery for the Navy Department, the Cutler-Hammer Mfg. Com- pany has issued a circular calling attention to these specifications and indicating what they cover. The cir- cular also explains with reference to controlling appa- ratus which of this company’s products are admissible under the specifications. : i $ ? sweep eo 1702 A New Aeme Screw Maciine. Changes have been made in an improved screw ma- chine and turret lathe recently brought out by the Acme Machine Tool Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, that render it powerful enough to use high speed steel tools and other- wise contribute to rapid producing capacity, as by in- creasing the convenience of its operation. Front and nnn ee IETESEINEEIIIRIIRERIRREEREEEEEEE SEER Fig. Front and Rear Views of the improved Screw THE IRON AGE Machine and December 2, 1909 ing any binding due to the unequal expansion of the steel spindle and the cast iron bed. The automatic chuck is forged solid on the end of the spindle, reducing the overhand from the front bear- ing and supporting the collet out to its extreme end. A master collet is furnished with each machine and a set of bushings to take stock of sizes up to the largest the The chuck and stock feeding lever machine will admit. rurret Lathe Built by the Acme Machine Too] Company, Cincinnati, Ohio. rear views of this machine are given in Figs. 1 and 2. The head is cast solid with the bed and is provided with a three-step cone pulley and friction so arranged that the spindle can be stopped by throwing the operating lever in the middle position. Attention is called to the deep chip pan, which is made to hold a liberal quantity of chips, thus doing away with the necessity of cleaning it out very frequently. The spindle runs in ring oiling babbitted bearings of ample back gears, size. All end thrust is taken by the front hearing, thus avoid- is placed within easy reach of the operator; in fact special attention has heen given to getting all operating levers, &c., so they can be reached by the operator without changing his position. The turret is hexagonal in form and is provided with tapped holes for attaching tools to its face, in addi- tion to the regular holes with binder bushings for the shanks of tools. A hole the same size as the holes in the turret is bored through the turret stem, thus allow- ing long work to Le passed through so that it may be ee December 2, 1909 THE turned with short stiff tools. The tool clearance over the top of the slide is made extra large to permit the use of large dies and turret tools. The turret slide is made wide to give extra rigidity to the turret and tools. Independent adjustable stops are provided for each hole pon. psd : | l => BINDING SCREW FOR SDJUSTING NUT TAPER BASE TAPER STUD ADJUSTING NUT IRON > (Si. —)) /TAPER GiB Gr) STOP SCREW LOGK BOLT LEVER AGE 1703 enough oil to run a month or more without refilling. Ample adjustment for wear is provided for by loosening screw h. The pulley e can be adjusted along the bearing sleeve d by turning the nut f. This adjustment is a point that will ke appreciated by those who have had to take LEVER FOR ENGAGING } AND DISENGAGING POWER FEED { t TAPPED WASHER FOR REMOVING TAPER BUSH ‘TURRET LOCK BOLT TURRET { PAWL FOR STOP SCREW TURNING TURRET / ABUTMENT tumaLER POWER FEED TRIP LEVER FOR SHIFTING ABUTMENT Fig. 3.—-Details of the Turret and Its Slide. in the turret; the abutment for stops can he shifted to allow a slight further movement of any tool beyond the stop when desired without disturbing the adjustment of the stops. The power feed is of the geared type, giv- ing four changes instantly obtainable by the movement of a lever placed directly over the rear spindle bearing. The construction of the turret and its slide is shown in the details given in Fig. 3. The cut-off slide is provided with a large graduated dial and positive stops for the cross slide, and also hand longitudinal adjustment through a hand wheel and screw operating in a bronze nut on the front cap. The screw is completely protected from chips and dirt by two steel wae Fig. 4.—Details of the Improved Friction of the Countershaft. tubes fastened to the nut. The cut-off slide is also sup- plied with power cross feed when desired. The machine is so arranged that power feed to the turret, power feed cut-off, &c., can be applied subsequent to purchase without additional work. The stock feed can also be attached at any time to a machine with the automatic chuck without altering the spindle. A double friction countershaft of improved design accompanies each machine. Referring to Fig. 4, a is the shaft, b the driving sleeve which is keyed to the shaft and c the friction which is connected to the shaft by drivers g. The bearing sleeve d is a sliding fit in the pulley hub e on the driving sleeve and is provided with a large oil chamber. holding a countershaft down and face off the hub of the pulley to get more adjustment. ——-— ~+-e—-- Swedish and Norwegian Electric Smelting. Interesting news comes from Stockholm about projects for establishing plants for producing iron by electricity directly from the ores in Sweden and Norway. Two very large establishments are planned for immediate construc- tion, one at the Trallhitta Falls near Gotenburg, and the other on the Hardanger Fiord in Norway. The process is the invention of engineers A. Grénwall, A. Lindblad and O. Stalhane, who have sold their patent to the Iron Kontor, a combination of all the big Swedish iron works. The latter has already secured ground at Trallhitta for the erection of its plant. The great elec- trical station now building at the Falls, to be one of the largest in Europe, will soon be completed; it will supply the new company with power at a very low price. The process itself has already heen in practical use for some time at Domnarfvet, and the results have been so satis- factory as to insure the success of the big undertaking at Trallhiitta. The Kontor, it is said, gets the use of the patents at a considerably lower price than other countries will have to pay. They have been acquired for Norway by the Norsk Elektrometal, which is now organizing a special company to operate it first. The company will soon be constituted and will proceed at once to erect the establishment on the Hardanger Fiord. At first furnaces with 2900 hp. and a steel mill of 800 hp. will be built, and later a rolling mill of 700 hp., the power to be gen- erated at adjacent waterfalls. Norwegian ores will be used, which are abundant, and transportation is ex- tremely cheap. i tbestdhactilinilaasdidpiccatad Cc. C. & E. P. Townsend, New Brighton, Pa., manu- facturers of wire nails and also rivets up to in., are building an addition to their plant consisting of a two- story building of brick and steel construction, 115 x 400 ft. in size. The contract for the steel work has been placed with the McClintic-Marshall Construction Com- pany, Pittsburgh. The boilers and engine equipment have been ordered and the other machinery will be con- tracted for later. The new addition is expected to be ready for operation in February and will considerably increase the productive capacity of the works. 1704 THE Profit Sharing, Benefits, Pensions.* The Underlying Principle of the International Harvester Company’s Plans. BY GEO. W. PERKINS. In the progress and development of American busi- ness methods there is probably no subject more worthy the attention of the Civic Federation than the one which is under discussion at this conference, for profit sharing, insurance, pensions, welfare work, &c., are vital ele- ments in the relations between capital and labor. If, as many of us have come to believe, co-operation in business is taking and should take the place of ruthless com- petition; if this new order of things is better for cap- ital and better for the consumer, then in order to succeed permanently it must demonstrate that it is better for the laborer. And if profit sharing, pensions, insurance and the like mean anything. they must mean co-operation between capital and labor, co-operation in the broadest, most helpful and enduring form. Why Some Profit Sharing Plans Fail. Plans for profit sharing, pensions and the like are not new in American business. They have been tried off and on, here and there, in various forms for a long time, and up to a few years ago many of them had fallen more or less short of success. It is my judgment that the rea- son for this can be found almost wholly in the fact that the unsuccessful plans did not embody a true, an honest and a fair spirit of co-operation. A secret, perhaps al- most an unconscious, purpose existed to benefit the busi- ness in question out of proportion to the labor employed in the business; and no such plan having such a purpose can permanently succeed, for the selfish points in it will work to the surface sooner or later and cause failure. On the other hand, there should be no sentimental philanthropy about this great question. It is purely a business question. Profit sharing, pensions and the like from a pecuniary standpoint are a profitable thing for a business and also for its labor, or for neither. No American worthy of being called a man wants some- thing for nothing. Because of the enormous growth of business affairs in the United States many business concerns have passed beyond the period where one man or even twelve men can keep a close supervision over all the branches of a given business undertaking. Now it goes without saying that no business will run itself, either in its executive functions or in the machines themselves at the factory or plant. In all the inventions and ingenuity that have been brought to bear on business affairs in the last quar- ter of a century, nothing has been found to take the place of the human mind, nothing has been found to take the place of individual incentive to accomplish results. Noth- ing has been found to take the place of a man’s ability to do, with a proper incentive behind that ability, and no such substitute ever will be found. It is, therefore, of the utmost importance to American business interests of to-day and: to-morrow that every man in any given con- cern be so associated with that concern that he will give the best there is in him to the performance of the duties assigned to him. There is a vast difference be- tween the work that a human being performs in a per- functory, machine-like manner and the work that he per- forms with a keen, loyal interest in what he is doing; and in just this difference does success come to the individual and come to a large concern, if it be so fortunate as to have a force of individuals who are working with this spirit. If profit sharing means anything, if providing for old age means anything, if caring for those who become ill or injured while in the service means anything, it should mean the fostering of the interest of men in their work, whether that work be sweeping out the office, shoveling coal or presiding over a great commercial company. In short, it should mean real co-operation between stock- holders, managers and employees. * A paper read at the annual meeting of the National Civic Federation, New York, November 23, 1909. IRON December 2, 1909 AGE The management of the International Harvester Com- pany and its subsidiary and affiliated companies, believ- ing in the above theories, set out several years ago to see how nearly it could come to applying them practically to its business. As a result it has devised and put into effect plans covering the following: 1. Profit sharing. 2. Insurance covering sickness, accident and death. 35. Old age pensions. Briefly stated, these three plans are as follows: 1. Profit Sharing. Profit sharing is divided into two heads. Under the first one a certain sum of money is set aside by the company in cash out of its earnings each year—the size of the sum depending on the size of the company’s profits, the percentage scale being stated. This is for immediate distribution in cash among the men who make a satisfac- tory showing for the year. The distribution of the sales department's share in these profits is based upon two im- portant points: First, increase of sales; second, reduc- tion of selling expense. In the works the profits are dis- tributed for increased production, decreased cost or a combination of both. Employees in any branch of the company’s service showing marked ability during the year are entitled to receive recognition under this profit sharing plan. The second classification of profit sharing is the sale of the company’s stock to its employees. This stock is purehased outright by the subscriber on an installment plan. The total amount that any employee is allowed to subscribe for is limited to the amount of his annual salary, and he cannot pay in excess of 25 per cent. of his salary in any one year; therefore, all are treated alike. Of the preferred stock 12,500 shares and of the com- mon stock 15,000 shares were offered for sale last July at a price below the then market value. In addition to the regular dividends there is allowed a bonus of $4 and $3, respectively, on each share of the preferred and com- mon stock, each year for five years, the only condition being that a man must be in good standing in the com- pany’s service during each of these years, have his stock and either have paid or be paying for it. In such cases, as the men leave the company’s service or discontinue paying for their stock, the company continues placing these $4 and $3 payments on such stock into a fund, and at the end of five years this fund will be divided among such subscribers as fully paid for their ‘stock and re- mained in good standing in the company’s service during the five-year period. The result of this plan, in a word, is that a man begins to buy a share of the company’s stock at a price below the market value; he is allowed to pay for it in installments, paying 5 per cent. on deferred payments; he is credited with 7 per cent. dividends on the preferred stock and whatever dividends are declared on the common stock. In addition to this, he is credited each year with $4 and $3 per share, respectively, on the preferred and common stock, and at the end of five years receives a further benefit by way of a share in a fund made up of such $4 and $3 deposits as are made by the company on account of those who do not continue under the plan. It will be seen that this offers the men an exceedingly satisfactory form of investment in the busi- ness in which they are employed, and gives to the com- pany the great advantage of anchoring its organization to the business. The stock offered last summer was largely oversub- scribed and the company to-day has over 4300 employees as stockholders. 2. Benefit Plan, On September 1, 1808, the Employees’ Benefit Associa- tion of the International Harvester Company was in- augurated. This association was organized for the men and it is to-day run by the men. It is governed by a board of 30 trustees, one-half of whom are elected by ballot. The contributions are 2 per cent. of the em- ployee’s wages or salary, and the benefits derived are as follows: ‘Two years’ pay for death due to accident, one year’s pay for death due to sickness, and half pay for disability due either to sickness or accident, &c. , The membership in this association is purely volun- December 2, 1900 tary, and no one joining and later receiving benefits is required to waive any legal rights. That this may be a co-operative movement the company’s share in the plan is an annual contribution of $50,000 to this association, provided the average membership equals 75 per cent. of the employees in the factories and works. Over 75 per cent. have joined and, therefore, the company is making its contribution of $50,000. The best answer to the ques- tion whether the men approve of this association is made by stating that 21,600 people are contributing members to it. In the first 14 months of its existence over $200,- QUO has been disbursed in benefits. 3. Pension Plan, The pension plan was inaugurated as a recognition of long and faithful service. All employees 70 years of age and over and who have worked for 20 years are pen sioned, while employees who have reached the age of 65 years may voluntarily apply for a pension. The min imum amount of pension is $18 per month and the max- imum $100 per month. The company higher salaried employees at the expense of the laboring man. All pensions are figured on the same basis—that is, on the pay a mar receives during his employment and on his length of Therefore, there are no in- equalities in the amounts paid. All the benefits and ex pense of the pension plan are borne by the company itself, no contribution of any kind being made to this plan by the employees. has not favored service. Welfare Work. The company is also doing welfare work. It is called welfare work for lack of a better name. It is as much a business branch of the company as any other division. The important features of this work protection against injury, sanitation, health, educational work, char- ities, recreation, &e. The welfare work is controlled by an advisory board composed of the superintendents of all of the works, who, through an Executive Committee, dictate the welfare activities of the company. Special attention is given to protection against injury and to sanitation. The accident hazard can never be removed because of the human element; that is beyond the realm of possibility. Therefore, the company is trying to arrive at the point where the occupation is surrounded with every known safeguard, and only the man is the hazard. The foreman of each department is impressed with the fact that he is the one who is responsible for the safety of his men, and by securing the co-operation of every one it is hoped to establish a standard that will be of benefit and to others. Improved sanitary conditions mean better health, and better health means better work; and this matter is having the constant attention of the com- panv’s managers of welfare. In the year 1908 the International Harvester Company spent about $100,000 in its welfare work. This year it will probably spend a somewhat larger sum. The company has been criticised by managers of other companies for making the plan above outlined too lib- eral and attractive. It has said that the plans will be expensive to the company and that their cost will be very large. There is no doubt of the truth of this criticism in so far as the cost goes. No concern has ever put cut plans that involved the application of so large a percentage of its profits to such plans. But the Harvester Company did not do this out of pure philan- threpy. It had no intention of passing around a hat full of money, that employees might help themselves. It went into these enterprises in a purely business spirit, believing that the plans would so knit its vast organiza- tion together, would so stimulate individual initiative, would so strengthen and develop the esprit de corps of the organization as te make it possible for the company to increase its business and its earnings, and with the spirit of being willing to share this increased success with its organization. So far the company has every rea- son to congratulate itself on the result. In all parts of the company’s business, at home and abroad, in the office force, in the factories, in the sales department, every- where, the average interest of the individual in the busi- ness is greater than formerly. The saving of the waste are use been too THE IRON AGE 1705 here, there and everywhere is noticeable. The employees throughout the organization are vying with one another more and more to improve their respective branches of the This means profits for the stockholders, means extra compensation in various ways for the em- ployees; in short, means co-operation that is real, that business. is beneficial to one and all. since analalidiiiataaidaite A New Wells Polishing and Finishing Lathe. For doing polishing, burring, &¢c., and all kinds of light work that can be held in a spring or collet chuck, the F. E. Wells & Son Company, Greenfield, Mass., has introduced the No. 118 polishing and finishing lathe illus- trated herewith. The chuck is opened by the foot lever, which at the same time shifts the belt to the loose pulley and applies a friction Lrake to stop the machine imme- Polishing and Finishing Lathe Built by the F. F. Wells & Son Company, Greenfield, Mass, rhe No, 113 diately. When the pressure on the foot lever is released a spring shifts the belt back to the tight pulley and closes the chuck. In this way both of the operator's hands are left free for handling the work. The machine is declared to be a great time saver on many operations. Included in the equipment furnished are the follow- ing: a countershaft, a spring or collet chuck, one collet, a tee rest and holder and a table on the bed. The bed is 42 in. long. The lathe will swing 11 in. over the bed. The capacity of the chuck is \& to 2 in.; the width of the driving belt is 2 in., and the weight is 625 lb. ere G = Basic Steel Plant at Niles.—The Basic Steel Com- pany, incorporated at the same time as the De Forest Sheet & Tin Plate Company, and with the same officers and stockholders, will begin in a short time the erection of a basic open hearth steel plant in Niles, Ohio, on a site adjoining the plant of the De Forest Sheet & Tin Plate Company. The new plant will have a daily ca- pacity of about 500 tons of billets and sheet bars, and, in addition to supplying sheet bars to the De Forest Company, will sell bars in the open market. Plans for the new plant are being prepared and contracts for the buildings and equipment will be let in a short time. The directors of the Basic Steel Company are: Harry M. Stevens, W. A. Hutchings, W. R. Thomas, G. P. Gillmer, Charles S. Thomas, D. A. Strickland and Wade A. Tay- lor. Wade A. Taylor is president and treasurer and Charles S. Thomas is vice-president and secretary. 1706 The No. 1 Tilted Turret Screw Machine. A new size of the tilted turret screw machine, one of small capacity, has lately been placed on the market by the Wood Turret Machine Company, Brazil, Ind. This, known as the No. 1 machine, is shown in Fig. 1, and has an automatic chuck capacity of % in. Although of extremely small size, it is a complete screw machine in every particular, having an automatic bar feed and automatic chuck, independent, adjustable stops for each hole of the turret, together with a simple provision for instantly setting the machine for non-indexing work. The turret, as will be noticed, is tilted as in the larger size machines. This exclusive feature on these machines allows the stock to be passed into or directly through the turret head, since the center bolt has a hole directly through it, coming out at the rear through one of the auxiliary holes in the lower half of the turret without interfering with a tool in the rear position; the strain on the center bolt is minimized, due to the fact that the tilt of the turret applies part of the thrust directly on the Fig. 1—The No. 1 (%-In.) Tilted Turret Screw Machine Built by the Wood Turret Machine Company, Brazil, Ind. — Fig. 2.—A Top View of the No. 1 Tilted Turret Screw Machine. slide, eliminating largely the tendency to tip that is present in an ordinary style high turret. This tilted turret head facilitates swinging a larger die head or box tool than any other machine of the same capacity and the same swing. The new size has proved very popular with the manufacturers, as it gives them a small ma- chine well suited for handling the smaller class of screw machine work and having the desirable features of large expensive machines. The drive is through a three-step cone pulley adapted to take a 3-in. belt. *The combination of large belt area and the self-oiling spindle bearings and self-oiling coun- tershaft makes it possible to attain high speeds for brass work with a full driving power. In Fig. 2 is shown a top view of the machine, with the oil pump, pan and tank removed, which gives a good idea of the general proportions of the machine. This view brings out very strongly an exclusive feature of the THE IRON December 2, 1909 AGE -———____—_—- | Fig. 3.—Detail of the Lever Motion of the Turret Slide No. 1 machine, that is the length and arrangement of the lever feed motion to the turret slide. This size is fur- nished with a lever motion to the turret slide in place of the turnstile method of operation. Fig. 3 shows a nearer view of the lever motion to the turret slide, which is an arrangement of a rack and sector. The sector and the lever are fastened together in one piece, and the rack secured to the turret slide meshes with this sector. Through this arrangement the operator will always exert the same power against the work, obtaining at all times the same effective leverage. By this manner of operating a greater effective motion can be applied to the turret slide, so that longer cuts can be taken than on other machines of the same capacity. Ordinarily on small screw machines where a lever is used to operate the turret slide, the lever is secured to the slide, as the fulcrum point having leverage on a post secured to the saddle, the result where the operator has to exert more power at the start and finish than in the middle of the stroke. The result is a changing leverage, Fig. 4 Detail Showing Provision for Aligning the Turret Holes with the Spindle Center. Fig. 5.—Detail Showing the Saddle Construction and the Automatic Independent Stops. December 2, 1909 THE IRON AGE 1707 is a much shorter effective motion than that secured by the rack and sector method. In Fig. 4 is shown clearly the provision for aligning the turret holes with the center of the spindle. As will be seen there is a supplementary taper base to the saddle, Fig. 6.—The Turret Head Removed from the Slide, Showing the Hole Through the Center Bolt, by which the exact hight of the center of the spindle can be adjusted. The turret slide, which rests and moves in the saddle, has on either side means of adjusting the slide sideways. This complete arrangement for aligning the turret holes means the elimination of frequent re- boring of the turret holes. This and the positive align- ment of the machine at all times is very important on a machine of this type. The interior construction of the saddle and the ar- rangement of the automatic independent stops is best shown in Fig. 5, which makes clear the manner in which the non-indexing feature is operated. The pulling out of the knob on the front of the saddle causes the index- ing finger to swing out clear of the star, and as a result the turret head remains stationary. In Fig. 6 is shown the turret head removed from the slide, showing the hole through the center bolt, which permits passing stock through it. A good idea of the operation of the turret head may also be obtained from the engraving. It may also be noticed that the lock pin holes are bushed, so that an