The Iron Age 1909-11-04: Vol 84 Iss 19

THE Piblished every Thursday Morning 1. 84: No. 79. Reading Matter Contents page 1448 Alphabetical Index to Advertisers ‘‘ 320 Classified List of Advertisers <« 16 pavertining ‘and Subscription Rates ‘‘ 1466 ‘CHROME ORE LUMP GROUND 40 to 50% } REED F, BLAIR & CO,, Pittsburgh, Pa. The original and only Genuine ‘‘STILLSON WRENCH’’ is manufactured by WALWORTH MFG. CO., Boston, U.S.A. And bears their registered Trade-Mark FINIS| > 19 The 8 Briatel Company, Waterbur: Ser PaGE 234. Send for Sample Card Samson Cordege Works, Boston, Mass. TURNBUCKLES Cleveland City Forge and Iron Co., New York, N. Y. FOUNDRY IRON Real Estate Trust Bldg., Phila, PILLING & CRANE Empire Bidg., New York New York, Phillie Cleveland, 0. TURN BUCH IUES MERRILL BROS. ae T EN aed Maspeth, OFAIN DE IN AMERICA and THE ASEST IN THE WORLD THE LUFKIN RULEOO., Saginaw, Mich., U.S.A. New York London, ‘Eng. _ Windsor, Can. The future of your galvanized work is assured if you use “APOLLO BEST BLOOM” GALVANIZED SHEETS They have stood the test of time, and the same superior qvality is found in them to-day. AMERICAN SHEET AND TIN PLATE COMPANY Frick es Pittsburgh, Pa. See our ad on page 21 [RON AGE 14-16 Park Place, New York by David Williams Co., niin 4, 1909. $5.00 a Year. including Postage, Single Copies, 15 Cents. BIG GAME: CARTRIDGES For Rem/ngton and all other Rifles The Civil War invented breech loading rifles and U.M C. cartridges. Every new breech loader has had a U.M.C. cartridge designed for it by our cartridge specialists. U.M.C. were America’s first metallic car- tridges manufactured in large quantities. That was 50 years ago. Toeday, as then, they lead the world. Put U.M.C. cartridges on your shelves for every rifle in your community. 1U.M.C. Cartridges carried the day at the Military Shoots of 1909. THE UNION METALLIC CARTRIDGE CO. BRIDGEPORT, CONN Agency, 315 Broadway, New York City The Babcock & Wilcox Co., 85 Liberty Street See page 68 New York ‘The Value of a Horse Nail Is correctly determined by its actual holding and driving qualities. No horse nail exists which has the tensile strength or drives as well as “ The Capewell” nail. The majority of. the shoers of the United States long since dis- covered this and use “ The Capewell” brand. Every horseshoer and horse owner gets the greatest nail value when he specifies for “‘ Capewell " nails. Made by = THE CAPEWE LL HORSE NAIL HARTFORD, CONN., U.S. A. The Largest Manufacturers of Horseshoe Nails in the World, COMPANY Excelsior Straightway Back Pressure Valve As its name implies, it is a ee valve, with an area through its seat equal to that of the pipe. Especially desirable for ex- haust steam heating, as it has no complicated parts, and repairs «re seldom needed. Also well adapted as a Relief or Free Exhaust Valve for condensing engines, WRITE. JENKINS BROS., New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago Is unex- “Swedoh’” Cold Rolled Stee celled tor Drawing «¢ Stamping THE AMERICAN TUBE & STAMPING COMPANY SEE 34 (Water and Rail Delivery) {BRiveePort, Conn. PAGE MAGNOLIA -iiciio, METAL The Standard Babkbiit of the World sani everything in the 31 St, Nicholas St, Babbitt Line. = MAGNOLIA METAL CO New York: 115 Bank St. Chicago: Fisher Building, Montreal — THE IRON ane The Plume & Atwood Mfg, (9, SHEET BRASS |" WIRE Manufacturers of . GERMAN ( steeT rods, German. Silver and. Bs s| SILVER mW Goods in great variety WIRE Sales Office FOLLANSBEE Bros. Co. Pittsburgh MAKERS BRIGHT Charcoal TIN PLATE eon yr 2 \ Polished or Plain NS PAT. LEVELED GERMAN SILVER Polished or Plain for Soda 279 Broadway, New York Branches, Chicago San Francisco Pat. Leveled Sign Brass) *2t7s2iits, conn. REST, con | No Buckles, Clean Sur facg (> . TIME CHECK SYSTEMS || Our various check systems should interest every employer of labor. imported.”’ Send for Full Reports. Matthews of Pittsburg Founded 1850 SCOVILL MFG. CO. Manufacturers of BRASS, GERMAN SILVER. |} Sheets, Rolls, Wire, and Rods. Brass Shells, Cups, Hinges, Buttons, amp Goods, Water and Bar Fixtures t ——— ELECTRICAL Low Brass, Gilding and Bronze Metal, Sheet, Rod and Wire Manufactured Goods STEEL SHEETS in Great Variety HIGHESy EF; C) FICIEN C087 comeinca®® MOverare | Waterbury Brass Co. BLUE paiyy “SOR | WATERBURY, CONN. F eg 1 Cliff St., New York Providence, R.1. 66 S. ° ee Follansbee Bridgeport Deoxidized Bronze Polished” & Metal Co. - AND Special Brass Goods to Order. Factories WATERBURY, CONN. Depots: NEW YORK CHICAGO BOSTON “‘Follansbee Blue” cee eae eq HEM Souther Engineering Co FOR RANGES, STOVES, Phosphor and Deoxidized HARTFORD, CONN. BOWS, Bronze 7 : STONE “TPE CLES Consulting Chemists, Metallurgists ETC. Composition, Yellow Brass and Alumi- num Castings, large and small and Analysts, Complete Physical Testing Laboratory, Expert Testimony in Court and Patent Cases. Matthiessen & Hegeler Zinc Co. fj a7 pitas a SMELTERS OF SPELTER 256 Broadway, AND MANUFACTURERS SHEET ZINC AND SULPHURIC ACID NEW YORK. Special Sizee of Zinc cut to order, Rolled Bottery Plates ee “*Gotected Gheets for Paver and Oud Mabers’ ose. Turned, Stamped, Stove and Washboard Blanks ZINCS FOR LECLANCHE BATTERY Drawn Work. J S] LV i WHITE \ Brass, Copper and Steel. sin weTAL | “PHONO-ELECTRIG” LL In Sheet, Wire, Rods, Tubing and Blanks. «sé ° ” Polished wide sheets, patent levelled, for soda foun- | W TR is. IT’S TOUGE. tains, bar fixtures etc. German silver for spinning. | , TROLLEY, NICKEL ANODES BRASS, BRONZE, COPPER | , 2 TELEPHONE paige og inte cates and TELEGRAPH LINES. \\ THE SEYMOUR MBG. CO., Seymour, Conn. J SSS ee ——————————————————————— HENDRICKS BROTHERS __ Mills SRDGEPORT BRASS COMPANY Bei Manufacturers of dgeport ostal Telegraph Bldg. Conn. Broadway and Murray 8t., New York Sheetand Bar Copper, Copper Fire Box Plates |——_ and Staybolts, Wire and Braziers Rivets PHOSPHOR-BRONZ! Importers and Dealers in GERMAN SILVER Ingot Copper, Block, Tin, Spelter, ’ Lead, Antimony, Bismuth, Nickel, etc. METAL co. 49 CLIFF STREET . . NEW YORK! ™"-o yu MIVERSIDE. W THE IRON AGE New York, Thursday, November 4, 1909. THE BRYANT CHUCKING GRINDER. The grinding machine illustrated is of a new type in which principles underlying the design of the turret lathe, with its semi-automatic features, have been ap- plied. It is intended by its builder, the Bryant Chuck- ing Grinder Company, Springfield, Vt., to produce chuck accomplishing all op- work on a manufacturing basis, conical shapes. The capacity is up to 12 in. diamete) and 12 in. long. There are three grinding The equipment comprises 10-in. wheels on the front spindi for outside work; 6-in. wheels on the rear spindle fo1 either outside or inside work or face grinding, and 24-in spindles. standard Front View. > Fig. 2. The New Grinding Machine Built by the « erations by grinding wheels instead of cutting tools, thus securing greater accuracy and better finish. This may be done either from the rough or from surfaces previ- ously obtained in turret lathes and afterward hardened. The machine will grind either outside or inside diame- ters, together with the faces of both internal and ex- ternal shoulders. Its scope includes both cylindrical and -Rear View. sryant Chucking Grinder Company, Springfield, Vt. wheels on the middle spindle for internal grinding. These sizes may be varied to meet requirements, but the de- sign regularly furnished gives to each spindle the speed required for the diameters of the wheel as stated. An auxiliary fourth spindle, not shown, is furnished as a fixture to carry still smaller wheels for internal work, being designed to enter a %-in. hole if desired. It may 1380 THE IRON AGE November 4, 1909 Fig. 3. also be employed for buffing and for outside grinding. A rigid fixture, clamped to the back of the machine, holds the wheel in front of the central spindle. The wheel is swung into and out of working position without interfering with the use of other wheels. The three grinding spindles are carried in the head carriage. The turret feature is absent. The spindles are adjustable lengthwise in heavy sleeves, for position, and are locked rigidly while operating. The wheel feed is with the carriage slide only; that is to say, longitudinal. The cross feed is in the head, carrying the work, which is held either in a chuck or spring arbor, on a massive spindle. In other words the stroke is in the wheel carriage, the feed in the work carrier. A variable speed mechanism actuates the traverse movement of the wheel carriage. The feeding mechanism of the work carriage permits of a wide range of feeds; automatically re- leases the feed at the desired point, and also provides for automatically reducing the amount of feed as the work approaches completion, the point of release and the degree of reduction being determined by cam forms. A gear box gives nine changes of speed for the work spindle. Both traverse of the wheel spindle head and feed of the work carriage are arranged to reverse. The machine is driven from one constant speed pul- ley, which greatly simplifies the overhead works. This drive is transmitted to the wheel spindles by two belts only, and the arrangement is such that only one spin- dle is revolving at a time, or all are idle. The wheels are so grouped with reference to the work that each holds a natural position for the operation it is intended to perform, which reduces to a minimum the amount of adjusting in changing from one operation to another. ~Detai! of the Working Parts, Showing a Setting for Taper Grinding. The operation of each grinding wheel is independent of the others, not only in that it revolves alone, but in its individual lever for adjustment to the work and in its knock off and reversing dog in the carriage. In the work carriage there is a cam and stop pin to govern the feed for each spindle. In fact, the control is equal to that of modern turret lathe practice, in securing facility and accuracy in the manufacture of duplicate parts. An auxiliary or length slide for the work carriage assists in the convenience of manipulation. Figs. 1 and 2 show front and rear views of the grind- er, and Fig. 3 the machine with wheel hood removed and a piece of work held in the chuck. The front wheel is extended to operating position and is grinding an outside taper. The other wheels are withdrawn. For the next operation on this piece, grinding the hole, the work hé@aq would be swung into line with the wheel travel, /the front wheel withdrawn and the middle wheel extehded. This work completed, the middle wheel would in turn be withdrawn and the rear wheel carried out to face the end. Fig. 4 gives a front sectional elevation, with details of the wheel spindle and the work spindje con- struction and drive, and an end sectional elevation, with details of the wheel spindle drive. Fig. 5 shows details of the spindle locking mechanism, Fig. 6 details of the Hartness gear box, and Fig. 7 the spindle carriage feed, In Fig. 8 the various operations of grinding a hardenea gear are demonstrated. The group of three spindles is a novel arrangement. They are fixed as to lateral movement, but have longi- tudinal traverse for adjustment. The drive is imparted to the shaft a, Fig. 4, which telescopes into the spindle b, the two being splined together. The spindle is jour- 7 blebs eeceah <) ‘UNDER HEA SPEciAL & 28 a Fig. 4.—Side and End Sectional Elevations, Showing Details of the Wheel Spindle and Work Spindle Construction and Drive and the Speed Box. Ms November 4, 1909 \ por ~~ t ih Seen t > Se SECTION C-D SECTION A-B Fig. 5.—Details of the Spindle Locking Mechanism, naled in a sliding sleeve, c, in which is cut a rack en gaging a pinion operated by a hand lever. The feed of the wheel is with its carriage, by means of rack and pinion, operated through a variable speed drive, the Hartness system being employed, as seen at w, Fig. 6. The reverse of the head is secured through three dogs, C, Fig. 1, one for each spindle. The carriage is also moved by a hand wheel, which is thrown out of engagement automatically, when the power feed is thrown in. The belt drive of the wheel spindle embodies an in- = 7 Pr WEA ¢ cm 2} rc kon \ oot SECTION A-B-C-D E-F Fig. 6.—Details of the Gear Box. THE IRON AGE 1381 teresting design by which, though the driving belt runs continuously, at a constant speed, only one spindle is revolving at any one time, or all are out of operation. The driving pulley, which transmits power to all of the movements, has upon its shaft the drum d, Fig. 4. Each ot the wheel spindles has tight and loose pulleys, of the proper diameter to give the correct peripheral speed to its wheel. A belt from the drum passes over the pulleys of the inner and outer spindles and over idler pulleys, shown at e, f, g and h. The middle spindle is driven by a belt from the idler h. It will be noticed that idlers f and h are keyed to the shaft, while their companions are loose. When the belt is thrown on the loose idler ¢ it drives the rear spindle, as in this position it is on the tight pulley i of that spindle. No drive can be imparted to the other spindle, for the idler shaft is still. To drive the front spindle, not shown, the belt is brought to the loose idler g, in which position it passes over the tight pulley of this spindle, which pulley is in the reverse posi- tion toward its idler, as compared to the arrangement of the rear spindle. To drive the middle spindle the main belt is thrown upon the tight idler f, imparting motion to the idler h, upon which is the belt to the middle spindle. Throwing this belt from the loose to the tight pulley j of the spindle puts it in operation. The belts are shifted by two levers, one for the main belt, the other for the belt to the middle spindle. The wheel spin- mW) One}: bet Galas N m—d ep ¢ ae K Or N M- fey +—} cf q C N m —thar 5 K deny J N nN pte oe gt ae sc, es [tig —_ 4 oS ea )} | Sati! ' ee ee yet | | coe +H oO igs VF %. . Wass sales . \ } | Pa bana & smite SH -F =O Bay sa ON | Lea oe + enw KViSS “a } Bt YOO \\' y Saas FU'aJ)}) K 9 i] ey Sy = \ Seo S—7 ~~ YC x 7 N/i> KKK { YY H\ a Pe | et a” ” ta oF. SSeS ED HOH 5 | L So— $f = 4° . FS Fig. 7.—Details of the Spindle Carriage Feed. dle drum d is carried in a yoke, which is pivoted at one end and is adjusted vertically to tighten the belt by the screw k, Fig. 4. The adjustment of the wheel to the work is accom- plished through a rack cut in the sleeve of each spindle and a pinion J, operated by a shaft set at an angle to bring the lever handle in convenient position at the front. Each handle is arranged to be brought in contact with a stop when at the working position. A whiffletree motion is used in locking the spindles. The clamping is both front and rear, and is accomplished by the throw of a single lever. The details of this mech- anism are given in Fig. 5. The pins m and n are in con- tact respectively with the sleeves of the front and mid- dle spindle, and are actuated by the taper pin o. The pin p is in contact with the rear spindle. The opposite ends of pins o and p, and also the plug q, are beveled to take the wedge pin r, which in turn is operated by the screw s through the lever handle t. The motion is trans- mitted simultaneously to both ends of the sleeve. The work spindle is driven by a constant speed belt from the drum u, Fig. 6, to the pulley v. The drum is on a shaft driven through bevel gears engaging an idler on a vertical shaft, this arrangement being necessary to permit of the swiveling of the head. The drive is from a speed box, shown in Fig. 6, designed under the Hart- ness patents. There are nine changes of speed, obtained through two levers. It will be seen from this drawing that the variable speed of the wheel spindle head, ob- tained at w, is driven direct from the main driving shaft of the speed box, and consequently the ratio of speed of the grinding wheel to the speed of revolution of the work is constant. The traverse of the wheel head varies from 1-16 to 5 in. per revolution of the work spindle. The 1382 spindle speeds range from 18 to 180 rev. per min. gear box is assembled as a separate unit. The For conveni- ence in bringing the bevel gear drive up a horizontal and vertical adjustment has been arranged through a yoke, which is pivoted at z. The vertical adjustment is through the screw y. A second screw at the rear works in the yoke to secure horizontal adjustment. The cross slide power feed mechanism is unique. It is operated by a screw and nut on a shaft, which also has a hand wheel for hand feed. The feed is actuated from the reverse yoke in the power box, controlled by the lever A, Fig. 1. through a telescopic shaft, which imparts a slight rocking motion to the bell crank B, on which is the ratchet arm C, Fig. 7, in which view the details are best shown. The stroke of the bell crank, in other words the amount of determined by stop pins in combination with the cams, the latter also providing for a diminuation of feed with the approach of the end of the work, the purpose being to give a finer finish during the final strokes. The ratchet arm C engages the large ratchet wheel D, keyed to the shaft E. On this shaft is also the gear F, which engages either the gear G or, through an idler, the gear H, provision being made for throwing either gear into mesh with the large gear I, on the feed shaft J. If the gear G is engaged the feed is direct; if the gear H, the reverse feed is obtained. By means of this train feed, is JET WHEEL POSITION RAIND LARGE DIAMETER AND FACE FRONT SPINDLE BEARING Fig. 8.—Steps in the Grinding of a Typical Somewhat Complicated Piece of Work. the impulse of the ratchet is imparted to the feed screw. The stop pins K, one of which, as well as one of the cams, is furnished for each wheel spindle, are mount- ed to slide in the casting at L, each in line with its cam M, and with its stop plug N in the bell crank. The bell crank is always under spring pressure, bringing the nut O of the stop pin against the casting L, except when the cam interferes. The position of this nut on the pin de- termines the throw of the ratchet arm and consequently the number of teeth that it engages; in other words, the degree of feed. It will be seen that it is an justment of feed. The cam is shown engaging its stop pin and forcing it back, and with it the bell crank, to a position where the rocking motion fails of engagement and the ratchet does not work. During the beginning of the work the cam, because of its form, is revolving out of contact with the stop pin, and this relation between them con- tinues until completion is approached, when the curved surface of the cam at P begins to ride on the pin, forc- ing it back, reducing the feed, and finally stopping the feed at the predetermined point. tirely automatic. For example, the nut on the stop may be set for a feed of six teeth a stroke, which will ton- tinue until the cam reduces it. in successive strokes, to easy ad- The decrease is en- THE IRON AGE November 4, 1909 3, 2 and 1 teeth, and, finally, to idleness. The feeds range from 0V.0001 to 0.002 in. Each cam holds a screw which engages a worm gear, by means of which angular adjustment is given the cams. The auxiliary carriage for the work head serves only adjusting and in operating, bringing the work to the outer position for measuring, calipering, &c. It is operated by a hand wheel, and is provided with stops, one for each grinding wheel. The work head has a one-rail control, the back gib being merely to hold down the slide. The under gib contro} of the auxiliary carriage is so placed as to be practically in line with the gib control of the main carriage, elim- imating all tendency to spring. The slide base is pivoted at one end of the wheel carriage bed, the angular posi- tion being indicated by graduations in degrees. An idea of the work which the machine will do is given in Fig. 8, in which the several operations on a hardened gear are shown. The gear is held in a chuck, having tooth-shaped jaws, which keep it concentric with the pitch circle. At R the rear wheel is grinding a shoulder; at S the middle wheel is grinding the smaller diameter, and at T the large wheel of the front spindle is grinding a taper, the workhead being set over 4% At U the gear is removed from the chuck and held in an expansion arbor, while the small wheel is grinding and facing the inside bearing. << ->- The St. Louis Blast Furnace. to secure convenience in degrees. The only coke blast furnace in the State of Missour} is that owned by the St. Louis Blast Furnace Company, located in the southern part of the city of St. Louis on a valuable tract of land between the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railroad and the Mississippi River. It was rebuilt in 1895, but its equipment hass been so well maintained that it is modern in its #ip- pointments, producing annually about 60,000 tons of. pig iron. This is an excellent output for the size of the stack, which is 1514 ft. in diameter at the bosh and 76 ft. high. It is blown by two new Macbeth engines, each 44x €0 x 84 in., supplemented by a Tod engine, 40) x 48 x 84 in. A battery of seven boilers—of Sterling,, Atlas and Kewanee make—furnishes the steam. The blast is heated by two Gordon three-pass stoves, one Massicks & Crooke and one Whitwell four-pass. A bin systenj! has recently been installed for handling the ore, coke and limestone, the charging buggies passing under the bins for direct loading, thus avoiding hand shoveling. While the plant has an abundant supply of water, being located on the bank of the Mississippi River, the muddy condition of the water has impelled the insti :- tion of a clarifying system, in addition to the regular settling basin. The company operates its own electric light plant and does its own switching of cars. A well furnished laboratory is an important and essential par of the equipment of the works, as, aside from the numer- ous analyses which are constantly being made of the ore, coke and limestone, this company has in vogue very liberal system of analyzing its preduct, every pounu of which is sold on analysis. In addition to the usual repairs, the shops make the stee] buggies for handling raw materials and build cars for use at the mines. The product now turned ovt by this furnace is low phosphorus and high basic and car wheel pig iron, produced from red brown Missouri ores, which run from 50 to €0 per cent. in metallic iron. Arthur P. De Camp, who has for many years been identified with this furnace, is president of the company ; Frank B. De Camp is vice-president and general mana- ger; William Yule is secretary; Alexander Yule is as- sistant secretary and Sherwood S. Cunning is superin- tendent. The De Camp Brothers Yule Iron, Coal & Coke Company, St. Louis, is exclusive agent for the sale of the iron, most of which is used by local foundries. manganese and wicccneneieeiipiiaaiaate The amount of spelter called for in the specifications of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company for galvanized roofing is 4 oz. per square foot of sheet metal, which would mean 2 oz. per square foot of surface coated. November 4, 1909 An Eminent Scotch and a Great Ameri- can Engineer. The First Clyde Steamboat Builder and the Dry Air Blast Inventor. An interesting episode in the family history of James Gayley, the distinguished American engineer, inventor of the dry air blast, has come to our attention. It has a peculiar value at this time in view of the recent cele- bration of the Robert Fulton centennial. Henry Bell, afterward Sir Henry Bell, a great uncle of Mr. Gayley, the brother of his grandmother, established steam navi- gation on the Clyde, having built the first successful steamboat to run on that river. Mr. Gayley has in his possession an antique print by a Glasgow engraver which shows Mr. Bell’s steamboat, the Comet, a repro- duction of which is given herewith. Mr. Bell’s achieve- ment is worthy of being placed beside that of Robert Fulton. The following biographical sketch of this noted Seotch inventor is taken from the ninth edition of the Eneyclopedia Britannica: “Henry Bell, a mechanical engineer, well known for THE IRON AGE 1383 troducing steam navigation on the Clyde, the American engineer has won laurels in another direction. Mr. Gay- ley’s invention of the dry air blast is undoubtedly one of the most important contributions to metallurgy in this stage of the world’s progress. It is a great feat to be able to secure the important saving in the cost of pro ducing pig iron which the dry blast has accomplished. America has long been indebted to Europe for epoch- making inventions in the metallurgical field, such as the Bessemer, the Siemens-Martin and other processes, and it is through Mr. Gayley that we have offset our borrow- ing of European ideas with the dry air blast, which is a strictly American invention. ++ eo Boilers Fired with Coal Dust. In the London Times Engineering Supplement some facts are given concerning the Bettington boiler, de- signed by Fraser & Chalmers, Ltd., to meet the difficul- ties encountered with a boiler using coal dust as fuel. 'These difficulties include the securing of continuous and steady ignition, employing a material to withstand the destructive temperature necessary in the furnace, main- taining a homogeneous mixture of fuel dust and air dur- Reproduction of an Old Print of the Comet, the First Steamboat on the Clyde, Scotland, Built by Henry Bell. his successful application of steam power to the pro- pulsion of ships, was born at Torphichen, in Linlithgow- shire, in 1767. Having received the ordinary education of a parish school, he was apprenticed to his uncle, ¢ millwright, and, after qualfying himself as a ship mod- eler at Bo’ness [Borrowstounness, on the Firth of Forth] went to London, where he found employment under Ren- nie, the celebrated engineer. Returning to Scotland in 1790, he first settled as a carpenter at Glasgow, and afterward removed to Helensburgh, on the Firth Clyde, where his wife superintended a large inn. to- gether with the public baths, while he pursued his me- chanical projects and also found occasional em ment as an engineer. It was not until January, 1812, that he gave a practical solution of the difficulties which had beset all previous experimenters, by producing a steamboat (which he named the Comet) of about 25 tons, propelled by an engine of 3 hp., at a speed of 7 miles an hour. Although the honor of priority, by about four years, is admitted to belong to Robert Fulton, an American engineer, there appears to be no doubt that Fulton had received very material assistance in the construction of his vessel from Bell and others in this country. A handsome sum was raised for Bell by sub- scription among the citizens of Glasgow, and he also received from the trustees of the River Clyde a pension of £100 a year. He died at Helensburgh, November 14, 1830, and a monument was erected to his memory at Dunglass, near Bowling, on the banks of the Clyde.” While the Scotch engineer achieved distinction in in- ing the full period required for complete combustion, and handling the molten ash. In the Bettington boiler a vertical gas jet inlet is employed, so constructed that a mushroom shaped flame is produced within a line of water tubes which are part of the steam producing plant. Otherwise only the ordinary firebrick and metal work are employed as material. The combustible mixture en- ters the gas along the central axis of the furnace. The ontinuous ignition of the incoming stream of dust and air is effected primarily by the enveloping sheath of the products of combustion, and ignition is made independent of the incandescent brickwork. 'The furnace is stated to keep itself clear of slag at all rates of combustion. At the Erith Works of Fraser & Chalmers a boiler of this kind has been in operation for some months. It has 9200 sq. ft. of heating surface, with a single 12%-in. tuyere fed with pulverized coal and air by a fan below a ball mill pulverizer. Its calculated capacity was 7000 Ib. of steam per hour, but it has actually worked up to 15,000 Ib. ++. The section of mining and metallurgy of the Frank- lin Institute, Philadelphia, will meet on the evening of November 4, on which occasion the introductory address of the president of the section, Professor A. E. Outer- bridge, Jr., will be on “The Mineral Wealth of the Islands of Newfoundland and Jamaica,” illustrated. Professor Bradley Stoughton will also deliver an illus- trated lecture on “ The Open Hearth Process.” 1384 THE The New York Gas Producer and Gas Engine. The gist of the very exhaustive report made by the Committee on Gas Engines at the convention of the Na- tional Electric Light Association last June was that the gas engine is a thoroughly reliable machine when sup- plied with the proper kind of gas, and that the producer plant offers the chief source of difficulty at present. The gas producer illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 is one its build- er, the New York Engine Company, Watertown, N. Y., believes has overcome the difficulties. A proper mixture of gas and air in an unvarying quality was recognized as an essential and was made the keynote of the design. In the exterior view given in Fig. 1 is shown the com- plete gas producer plant, including generator, separator, drain tank, scrubber and gas tank. The same parts are shown in section in Fig. 2, but in reverse order, or as viewed from the opposite side. In both views may be seen the vaporizer, which is a, IRON AGE November 4, 1909 placed at the lower part and the smaller ones on top. A continuous flow of cooling water provided by the small pipe shown in Fig. 2 trickles down continuously over the coke in the scrubber, washing the dirt deposited in the upper layers to the bottom until it finally accumulates at that point, from which it can be periodically drawn off. The hight of the scrubber is such that the gas in passing from the bottom to the top is cooled to nearly the temperature of the scrubber water when it leaves the sprinkler. From the upper part of the scrubber, through a third downcomer pipe, the cooled and cleaned gas passes into the gas tank. The course of tbe gases is clearly indicated by the arrows in Fig. 2, where it is shown that part of the nec- essary air enters the generator through the outer end of the pipe that supports the hand blower under the con- trol of a swinging damper; this is dry air. Another por- tion of air enters within the vaporizer passing over the water therein contained and, combining with that water in the shape of steam, passes down the downcomer pipe to the under side of the fire grate to mingle with the dry Fig. 1—A Complete Suction Gas Producer Plant as Built by the New York Engine Company, Watertown, N. Y. hollow annular casting bolted by its flange to the steel shell of the generator proper. Through its center pass all the hot gases distilled from the coal on their way to the separator and from its interior comes the water saturated air that is to take part in the production of gas. A downcomer pipe delivers the mixture of steam and air to the under side of the fire grate, and directly adjoining is the separator connecting through the vapor- izer with the upper part of the generator on one side and through a second downcomer pipe with the scrubber on the other side. A three-way valve permits the passage of the hot gases either to the scrubber by the downcomer pipe or by the purge pipe to the outer air. This purge pipe is in line with the dewncomer pipe and.extends vertically some 30 ft. to insure a proper draft when the engine is not working. The lower part of the separator enters the drain tank and in this receptacle are deposited many of the small particles carried over from the gen- erator by the gas. In the scrubber the course of the cooling water is downward, while the course of the gas is upward. The scrubber is filled with the larger being coke, pieces air in correct proportions for the chemical reactions taking place within the hot zone of the generator. A swinging damper regulates the admission of air to the interior of the vaporizer. The efficiency of a producer is determined commer- cially by its ability to gasify successfully the largest poss- sible amount of coal for a given weight of apparatus. One of these producer plants with a generator lining of only 20 in. internal diameter or 2.18 sq. ft. sectional area has kept up a constant gasifying rate of 58 Ib. of ordi- nary commercial pea anthracite coal per hour for 10 hours. That is at an average rate of nearly 26 2-3 Ib. per square foot of grate surface per hour for the whole day, including starting and cleaning. That the gas made throughout this time was of excellent quality is evident from the fact that the average indicated horsepower of the engine supplied was 78 all day long, the average mean effective pressure was 72, and the average con- sumption of pea coal per brake horsepower ‘hour 0.88 Ib. The New York Engine Company having been a builder of steam engines and boilers for over 30 years, when it entered the gas power field had the advantages of man- November 4, 1909 THE IRON AGE 1385 Bee j ~ 7 [ lie | turing facilities, a large amount of experience and Most of the details of the alve gearing, a understanding of the requirements of power users. gnition, lubricator, indicator, reducing motion and rimarily it was interested in gas engines, but realizing pin lubricator are clearly revealed in the views give that satisfaction with the engine depended to so large n Figs. 4 and 5 vhile the coustruction and inte i extent upon the gas supplied to it, it also undertook irrangement are made especially prominent in tl “4 the building of the gas producer above described. The tional view given in Fig. 3 The mixing or inlet gus engine this company builds, shown in Figs. 5, 4 and ousing is holted to the top of e explost ». is one for which the three principal claims are relia md carries a bracket for ifs rocking lever as we s itv, efficiency and simplicity. That it is simple may guide for its valve stem. Two helical springs i en ' judged by the illustrations, and that it is efficient and to a voke secured to the upper ends of this valve ' eclinble is shown by the following table of tests of a 56 nsure the rapid seating of the valve. The outer ake horsepower engine the inlet or lifting valve rocker engages with the lots | \ "AY ned or a push red. which reciprocates vertically throng used \ rae coal : rau.2 . . : cluding rak per b.bop. Weight me guide This guide is a part of the cove Number starting Hlours horse per hour. of ash. « tas hat gives access to the water space of the ex “ test Pounds ry POW ¢ Pounds. Pounds. of ash ' . : 570.27 Oy, 54066 1.07 120) an hamber. This vertical push rod performs two 2 no 101 57.20 O08 137 25.1 tions; it actuates the inlet valve through a rocking I ost la oo va OST6 140 "4.1 HS S14 S 1.08 O% 9 and also the gas valve when the governor permits \s 27 9 61.96 Oo4 1a 1) may be seen, 2 projecting arm just helow the lowe ‘ | mst 1a bas ass 14° a. . 7 me ] 7 tn 110 “> f WS egnide engenges wit] mother shorter pusl rowl all oe \ J ‘ \ oe cape 1386 THE upper end of which actuates the gas valve rocking lever. The stem of this latter yalve is horizontal and is sup- ported at its outer end by a bracket cast on the gas valve housing. <A single helica] spring surrounding the valve stem reseats this valve with sufficient rapidity as soon as the pressure of the push rod is withdrawn. The hit-or-iniss type of governing is employed, ex- plosions being skipped Whenever the speed exceeds a pre- determined limit. The builders regard this System of governing as superior to those of altering the quantity or richness of the charge, because the best power im- pulse is obtained in any gas engine from a nearly full cylinder of a gas mixture of constant proportions. The sovernor spindle rotates in a horizontal position, heing spur gear driven from the end of the cam shaft. The speed secured by the ratio of this gearing makes it highly sensitive though of small size. All the work that it has to perform is to introduce or remove the latch that en- ables the inlet valve push rod to simultaneously actuate the gas valve push rod or leave it undisturbed. This work being exceedingly small, the governor may be made nearly isochronal. Any speed governing device must run faster before the engine is caused to run slower, since Cylinder End View of the Gas Engine. IRON AGE November 4, 1909 Fig. 4—The Lay Shaft Side of the New York Gas Engine. change of speed is the actuating force. the governing speed The less work mechanism has to do the smaller the fluctuations need be. When the speed exceeds the set amount the governor balls moving out withdraw the latch through the simple system of rods and levers shown. The inlet valve push rod is therefore not actu- ated and the gas valve during this particular stroke of the engine remains closed, the engine sucking in air alone and not a mixture of air and gas. The idle strokes of the engine are an advantage in that they serve to clear the interior of the cylinder from burnt gases by the fresh air taken in at that time, and also serve to cool the cylinder walls and valve heads. The next ex- plosion consequent upon the slight reduction of speed resulting is that of a perfect explosive mixture of gas and air as before. The lower end of the inlet valve push rod is actuated by the main admission rocking lever, the roller of which may be seen in Fig. 4 directly in front of the governor sear case. The cam on the cam shaft engages with this roller, operating the entire admission valve mechanism once in every four strokes. Just to the front of the cam shaft be seen the exhaust valve rocking lever roller, with a pin projecting from the stud in the lever boss. Because of the high compression employed in normal running, about 200 Ib. per square in, it is de- sirable to start the engine with its compression greatly reduced, and for this reason the exhaust cam is made wider than the exhaust lever roller, and in one part of its width is made with an additional cam projection to insure opening the exhaust valve slightly during the compression stroke. In starting the engine the exhaust lever roller is shifted along its stud until it engages with this double cam. and the pin shown is inserted in a hole in the stud to retain the roller in proper position. When the engine has obtained sufticient this retaining hin is withdrawn. The roller is shifted along the stud to its normal position. and the pin inserted in the stud on the other side of the roller. The eccentric adjacent to the exhaust cam operates a magneto, and through its rocking armature connection, the make-and-break spark plug, the case of which carries also the pipe attachment for the indicator. The timing of the spark may be altered, but when once properly adjusted should be left undisturbed. Further along the cam shaft is the force feed oil pump which delivers lubricant to the top of the piston, and at the front the indicator reducing motion, the details of which will r -adily be understood from Fig. 4. As a rule the engines. particularly of the larger sizes, bearing may speed * are arranged to be started by compressed air. The larger November 4, 1909 THE IRON AGE 1387 engines are also arranged, as shown in Fig. 3, with the inner periphery of the fly wheel rim notched to facili- tate turning the engine over by hand. The engine has a very complete and effective oiling system, supplying all of the rubbing surfaces and also, as may be judged from the sectional view, Fig. 8, a very thorough system of water jacketing. The Chicago Duplex Feather Keyseating Machine. \ machine specially adapted for rapidly cutting key- seats in shafts and spindles is shown in Fig. 1. The duplex feather keyseating machine, as it is called, has been brought out by the Chicago Machine Tool Company, Chicago, Ill., and has many entirely original features. In general appearance the machine resembles the combined vertical and horizontal milling machine made by the same company. The horizontal spindle is fitted with a taper arbor having a No. 9 B. & S. taper shank which fits a corresponding taper in the spindle and is held in place by a draw bar. This arbor has mounted on it the correct size of cutter for the desired width of feather keyseat. In the vertical spindle is placed an end mill of the correct size, held in place by a draw-in collet. In Fig. 2 is shown the setting of the machine to per- form the first operation of cutting a feather keyseat. Fig. 2.—The Machine Set for the First Operation of Cutting a Keyseat. reality it might be regarded as one continuous opera- tion. The machine is provided with six changes of power feed, as well as the crank and lever feeds, giving a sutti cient range to cover all work for which it is adapted. The hand lever is used to quickly return the table after ; a cut has been taken. An adjustable automatic stop to the table feed is also provided, which may be set for the length of keyseat desired. The knee of the machine has no opening on its top. This practically eliminates the tendency to spring when the saddle is clamped. The bracket which carries the nut for the transverse feed screw is connected to the table through a slot cast in the side of the knee. The Chicago duplex feather keyseating machine is built in three sizes and two styles. Hill, Clarke & Co., Inc., of Boston and Chicago, are the selling agents. Fig. 1—The Duplex Feather Keyseating Machine Built by the Chicago Machine Tool Company, Chicago, Il. A piece of shafting may be seen secured in the vise, and the milling cutter has milled out the keyseat, all except squaring up the ends. This second operation is taken care of by the vertical spindle. As is shown in Fig. 3, the table carrying the vise and shaft has been brought out directly under the end mill, held in place in the ver- tical spindle, by means of the hand crank transverse feed. ‘Thus the end mill may be brought into play in squaring up the ends of the feather keyseat and finishing the work. The two complete operations can be done without resetting the work or stopping the machine. Thus in Fig. 3.—The Finishing Operation, Squaring the Ends of the Keyseat. 1355 The National Government and the Unemployed. The Beneficial Distribution of Aliens Hampered by Labor Organizations. WASHINGTON, D. C., November 1900.— Application for skilled laborers recently received by the Division of information of the Bureau of Immigration and Naturali zation of the Department of Commerce and Labor from ianufacturers in many industries indicate that the fune iion of the division under existing regulations is quite veneraily misapprehended. Although it was the intention that this division should undertake the col ot Congress iection and distribution of information designed to en ble whnemployed workmen of ; classes, whether arriy ng immigrants or citizens of the United States, to find employment and, notwithstanding the excellent) begin ting which the division made on a broad and compre hensive basis, its work within the past few months has been restricted to a very narrow scope, and to-day the * . division limits its efforts to find employment for farm laborers and domestics. Text of the Law. fhe law under which the division was established is found in section 40 of the act of February 20. 190% s follows: st t! duty said Pivis ) ‘ i . I ad tted in the I Ss mon stat ‘ | I - ! be ‘ I ( sl t hada wilt ‘ pr S ‘ st 1 Territories and said Div ) I r i S imtis g ding yrrodu S ‘ rract s of i Ss ‘ d ‘I \ and ha PROLER Sm information 1 differs ing ges nd 4d e the illo im ca ir i i is I mation a mmig 1 n Uni | States and to such other persons as 1! i ‘ mie [nformation was established on hic 107. Division of With a obtained by July view of ascertaining where employment could be those desiring it, the various asso manufacturers and individual the As would be of lations of elmployers of abor were written to, idea heing to secure informa tion such benefit to arriving immigrants ind others who desired to avail themselves of the serv ices of the division. Through the manufacturers’ asso ciations the addresses of individual manufacturers and employers were obtained. and to each one a ‘detter of nqguiry was addressed, asking whether workmen were needed. Information was sought as to the class of labor, wages paid, the hours of employment and general condi tions. The final question put to each employer of labor was: ° Do strikes or other labor difficulties exist in your jurisdiction? If so, kindly state cause of same.” An effort was also made to obtain the addresses of the various local labor organizations of the country, but and letters of inquiry therefore to the chief officers of without success, were sent the national and international trades unions asking them to advise the division as to lahor conditions generally and as to disturbances in the labor world, the purpose being to place before the unemployed alien or citizen accurate information indus concerning trial conditions in an unbiased and then leave it to the applicant to manner elect whether he would take ad vantage of the opportunity presented or not. To reach the farmers, a system of postal card inquiry was established, and through the courtesy and co-opera intrusted to the rural delivery carriers with instructions to place tion of the Post Office Pepartment cards were one in each box on their respective routes. These cards contained a brief statement of the aims and purposes of the division with directions to detach the return coupon, fill it in and forward it to the division if farm laborers, common Jnborers or mechanics were needed. Nearly 3.000.000 such cards were sent out without cost to the division or to the Government. information and spirit of*the admitted division In order to make practical of the received and to comply with the letter use distribution of iffice of the aw in promoting a_ beneficial others branch Was iens and THE IRON AGE November 4. ! JOO established in Pearl street. New York City. in charge of an inspector. All applications received by the divi sion for laborers or workmen were at once recorded. Classified, Imade up into bulletin form and forwarded each day to New directed to York them hefore the branch office at where the MsSpeclol In charge WilS place Ul porsons ipplving for employment or informatio Opposition of Labor Organizations, Notwithstanding the great care exercised by the Cials of the division to confine their work to the tion and distribution of information regarding oppor tunities Tor elprovimnent and to observe strictly the let ter and spirit of the immigration and contract labor aws, it was but a short time before the principal labor a organizations of the country arrayed themselves ! opposition to the division and its work, and it is largely to this opposition d the reluctance of the higher offi cialis of the Commerce and Labor to that the Department of intnugonize these organizations scope ot the work of the division has been restricted unti the collection and greatly as above stated, it is now confined to distribution of information concerning opportunities for Pitre held the employment of laborers and domestics. Ata ind Labor a few conference at the Department of Commerce months ago, President Gompers of the Labor attacked the work of the that it American Federation of division on the The organizatio fairly tended to stimulate imini ground eration. harrow view of the head of this great reflected in the following extract from his remarks ! ( n ~ ] ITV ( in bay I i OS W coulk n having tha if S possible Bu ‘ m 1 that sine n DS lave a ‘ mol thar ik vithout vy fau Le st grounds for suspicion have arisen as to the re Inpos d particularly i work, of the bureau Some hive with good reason, comp!: ed that it was being turned in ibor bureau to help tear dow xisting standards of life ey dust 1 We know tl shipping agents, railroad agents, land agents ae mpanies d corporations, and.employers of rts hay nad t appear to the workers of these several cour es that tl United States has established a bureau that w nd worl ry] h vhen they come to the United States, and that, as a matter of fact, it has acted as a means to encourag ind induce the rkers of those countries to come to the United States, and they a only holding off until there shall come a ft he clouds, an industrial revival, to overwhelm the ships that ply between foreign ports and our own The South Car ina Legislature has under consideration, and, if I am not aken, has already passed, law repealing the legislatior few years ago by which a bureau was established to induce mmigrants te come nto that State Now have every respect for the secretary and his assist nts anc hiefs in the various bureaus, but we do now be \ t there must be some radical change either in the administra ) of thre iw or the taw itself; some action must be taken, should be taken, if the purpose of that bureau is to be car ad out as we understood its prevent it Americas purpose to be when it was cr ted, that shall from being a vehicle to the great injury workers Mr. Gompers also presented a series of resolutions suid to have been the Farmers’ Educational adopted by ind Co-Operative -Uhion of America, protesting against “the the the work of the Division of Information and urging speedy enactment of laws substantially excluding present enormous alien influx by means of an increased tuX money requirement, the illiteracy test and other measures, &&. Aft the same time Mr. Gompers presented statement taken from the books of the various or sanizations affiliated with the American Federation of Labor, showing nearly 2,000,000 wage earners out of em ployment. Among the trades mentioned by him were the following Boiler makers and iron shipbuilders, 30° per cent. unemployed; bridge and structural iron workers, -y per cent elevator constructors, 40 p