The Iron Age 1909-09-02: Vol 84 Iss 10

THE 1LRON AGE Published every Thursday Morning by David Williams Co. 14-16 Park Place, New York. Vor. 84: No. ro. New York, Thursday, Septauaboe 2 2, 1909. ee ea emg Reading Matter Contents....... page 746 Alphabetical Index to Advertisers ‘‘ 296 Classified List of Advertisers “6285 Advertising and Subscription Rates ‘* 760 FERRO “ALLOYS| FERRO MANGANESE—FERRO SILICON SILICON SPIEGEL REED F. BLAIR & CO., pittsburgh, Pa. BRISTOL’S PATENT STEEL BELT LACING -” This beautiful “window trim sent free to ; any dealer “ who will guarantee to , use it during the hunting season. > THE UNION METALLIC CARTRIDGE CO. Agency, 315 Broadway, New York City READY TO APPLY FINISHED JOINT The Briste! Company, Waterbury, Cenn. SAMSON SPOT SASH GORD The original and only Genuine WATER TUBE The Babcock & Wilcox Co., **‘STILLSON BOILERS See page 62 - "oa Waa.” 6h} ————_ I : is manufactured by WALWORTH MFG. CO., Boston, U.S. A. And bears their registered Trade-Mark For All Classes of Horses | Cleveland City ae and Iron Co., _Clevetand, 0. TURN BUOCHBIUES a a) ERRILL BROS |THE CAPEWELL"| New York, N. Y. nail is the best nail for shoeing. Safe and satisfactory in all respects, it commends itself to horseshoers and horse owners in all sections. IRON OR I be, Make sure that ‘* The Capewell’’ is used every time. It pays! MADE BY Real Estate Trust Bldg., Phila. > e . PILLING & CRANE, Empire Bide. New York. THE CAPEWELL HORSE NAIL CO., Hartford, Conn., U. S. A. $$$ —__— —__—— The Largest Manufacturers of Horse Shoe Nails in the World. a - | TAPES | ) a, | UFKIN ae! | ae enkins Bros. Pump Valves RULES ADE IN AMERICA. and THE ASEST IN THE WORLD THE LUFKIN RULECO., Saginaw, Mich., U.S.A. New York Tandon, "Eng. _Windeor, Can. Madein various compounds—each the best obtainable—for cold, warin or hot water, either high or low pressure; also for naphtha mild acids, ammonia, or very muddy and gritty water and other destructive fluids. In fact we ey guaranteed valves for every pumping requirement. WRITE JENKINS BROS., New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago “Swodot” Cold Rolled Stee. Drawing » Stamping THE AMERICAN TUBE & STAMPING COMPANY SEE (Water and Rail Delivery) BRIDGEPORT, Conn. PAGE 29 MAGNOLIA rei5v METAL “APOLLO BEST BLOOM ” GALVANIZED SHEETS are as perfect as scientific methods, skillful workmanship and practical ex- perience can make. No imperfections covered up in Apollo. AMERICAN SHEET AND TIN PLATE The Standard Babbitt of the World Ww f COMPANY qvecyiieg: Sa Aas) Frick Bullding, Pittsburgh, Pa. Babbitt Line. wtse } — MAGNOLIA METAL CO See our ad on page 20 New York: 115 Bank St. Chicago: Fisher Building. Montreal: 31 St. Nicholas St. nN THE IRON AGB BRASS sop |The Plume & Atwood Mig. Go, WIRE Manufacturers of Sheet and Roll Brass, Wire, GERMAN re ge tert il sae SILVER (“Wiesner ca ee Shannen: Conn., Waterbury, Conn, Pat TeviloR Si6 GURSS | secs ee OT revises No Buckles, Clean Surface, ° Polished or Plain || TIME CHECK SYSTEMS Our various check systems should PAT. LEVELED GERMAN SILVER | interest every employer of labor. Polished or Plain for Soda Send for Full Reports. Water and Bar Fixtures | Matthews of Pittsburg ee Founded 1850 e CESSES EET EEE ETE TTT TTT TTT TTT FOLLANSBEE BROTHERS COMPANY MAKERS OF BRIGHT CHARCOAL TIN PLATE FOR HIGH GRADE WORK Brands “Banfield Best Bright” “Gilbert”? “‘Rosedae”’ FOLLANSBEE ELECTRICAL SHEET STEEL is producing best results wherever used. Low Brass, Gilding and Bronze | Metal, Sheet, Rod and Wire |] SAQVILL MFG, CO * Manufactured (ioods Manufacturers of in Great Variety BRASS, GERMAN SILVER, Sheets, —_ Wire, and Waterbury Brass Co0.)} sess stetis cups, Hinges, Buttons, WATERBURY, CONN. Samy Se 1 Cliff St., New York Providence, R.I. Special Brass Goods to Order. Bridgeport Deoxidized Bronze —— WATERBURY, CONN. Depots & Metal Co. NEW YORK CHICAGO BOSTON BRIDGEPORT, CONN. Phosphor and Deoxidized Henry pouthel Engineering 60. OFFICE and WAREHOUSE BF ITTS BURG E Bronze HARTFORD, CONN. Composition, Yellow Brass and Alumi-| Consulting Chemists, Metallurgists eee num Castings, large and smal! and Analysts. WORKS: FOLLANSBEE, W. VA. : o o «~ e o o o o eo o ° e o o ° o : o eo e : : co : : o o o s o o % ea eee ory Expert Testir ony in Cc th Matthiessen & Hegeler Zinc Co. qa 7 Butter & Go SMELTERS OF SPELTER 256 Broadway, AND MANUFACTURERS SHEET ZINC AND SULPHURIC ACID | NEW YORK. ee ee Special Sizes of Zine cut to order, Rolled Battery Plates | Selected Plates for Etchers’ and Lithographers’ use ] d, S d, Selected Sheets for Paper and Card Makers’ use urne tampe Stove and Washboard Blanks i ZINCS FOR LECLANCHE BATTERY Drawn Work. / aaa cae cae wae : Brass, , Copper and Steel. GERMAN SILVER Witz “PHONO- ELECTRIC” In Sheet, Wire, Rods, Tubing and Blanks. . | WIRE. “!T’S TOUGH" Polished wide sheets, patent levelled, for soda foun- | TROLLEY, tains, bar fixtures etc. German silver for spinning. NICKEL ANODES BRASS: BRONZE, COPPER TELEPHONE in all forms 4 . Tom and \\ THE SEYMOUR MFG. CO., Seymour, Conn. / | TELEGRAPH eee EEE if LINES. HENDRICKS BROTHERS = doeror -« BRIDGEPORT BRASS COMPANY Cc ‘ostal Telegraph Bld Manufacturers of Broadway and er Bt., lew York SheetanaBar Copper, Copper FireBox Plates | 32 39. PHOSPHOR-BRONZE and Staybolts, Wire and Braziers Rivets OV.) GERMAN SILVER Importers and Dealers in 0 Ingot Copper, Block, Tin, Spelter, RL I Tee anenesey Lead, Antimony, Bismuth, Nickel, etc. : P : ah MARK RIVERSIDE, N.J 49 CLIFF STREET - - NEW YORK THE IRON AGE New York, Thursday, September 2, 1909. THE MANUFACTURE OF TIN CANS. Machinery and Processes Developed by the Sherwin-Williams Company. BY H. M. It is not a new thing for large manufacturers to make their own supply of various articles which they use in large quantities, 4nd following out this idea the Sherwin-Williams Company, Cleveland, Ohio, has a num- ber of factories for supplying partly finished or finished products required in its business. ‘The tin can depart- ment is of particular interest, as in connection with it have been designed a number of machines which are now patented and are used extensively by other manu- facturers, for some of this tin can machinery is made and sold by the Sherwin-Williams Company. The re- ceptacles used are of two varieties, which are really cans and pails. This article will deal only with the DETAIL OF TOP CORNER SOLDER OETAIL OF BOTTOM CORNER \~ SOLDER Fig. 1.—Section of Gallon and Half-Gallon Paint Pail. round cans and pails, as it is in their production that most of the special machinery is used. For half-gallon and gallon sizes a pail is used, a half section of which is shown in Fig. 1. When this is made an opening is left in the center of the bottom at A, through which the material is introduced, and this is subsequently soldered up with a small cap. In order to give strength the sheet comprising the bottom is turned over the edge of the side, as shown at B. The top of the pail C is made of thin tin, which is subse- quently cut out by the painter, the knife cut being made close to the rim. In order to strengthen the top of the pail so as to form a good bucket for carrying paint the side is turned over to form a false wire, as shown at D. The top is then formed over this false wire, as at E. The edge of the top is bent past the wire and flattened against the side of the can, as at F. The soldering for the top consists in simply flowing solder along the line between the flat portion of the top at F and the side of the can, while for soldering the bottom the solder is flowed into the corner at G, so as to unite the portion of the bottom which has been forced back over the edge and the side of the can. This con- LANE, struction gives the pail three thicknesses of tin at the bottom to form a rigid support for it to stand upon, and after the top has been cut out there is a double thickness of false wire around the upper edge to stiffen the pail. The cans for less than half gallons are made as shown in Fig. 2. The lid is simply pressed into the top of the can after the contents have been introduced, and forms its own seal. This is known as the “ penny lever” can, from the fact that a cent slipped under the edge, as at H, may be used to pry loose or start the cover in re- moving it from the can, as shown at I. The intention was to make the opening of the can the simplest possible > | i ee Fig. 2.—Section of “ Penny Lever” Can. Fig. 2a.—Same Can Before Crimping. so that there might be vo necessity of hunting for some special tool. In making the cans the first operation is to roll the tin so that it can be side seamed. It is cut out to the required width and length, in flat sheets, as shown at M, Fig. 3. These flat sheets are fed through a pair of small bending rolls, which appear in the upper right hand corner of Fig. 3. The bent tin falls into the bin at the back of Fig. 3, or in some cases is fed through chutes to several bins to supply groups of machines for making different sizes of cans from one pair of bending rolls. After the tin has been bent the can is soldered along the side seam by means of a special machine developed and patented by Frederic W. Ballard, mechanical engi- neer for the Sherwin-Williams Company. It is shown in Fig. 3 and in greater detail in Fig. 4. The can is first placed on a special horn at the front of the machine and secured by means of the clamping devices upon the ma- chine. The horn with the can clamped in place is then run under the soldering iron by means of a foot lever connected with a chain, which can be seen in Fig. 3. The solder reels at the back of the machine, shown in Figs. 3, 4 and 5, contain the stock of solder in wire form. A 682 THE IRON AGE September 2, 1909 Fig. 3.—Side Seaming Machine to Which Cans Are Delivered from Bending Rolls. ratchet wheel which can be set to feed any desired amount is arranged to control the solder rolls, and feeds the proper amount of solder wire forward through the Fig. 5.—-End Elevation of Side Scaming Machine. guide tube against the soldering iron, causing it to flow down along the seam. The can is moved backward and forward by means of the treadle while the soldering iron Vig. 6.—Press for False Wiring Paint Pails. ( By is in contact with it. The soldering iron is arranged in a firepot fired with gas, and in this machine and all other mechanical soldering appliances used at the Sher- win-Williams Company the soldering -iron is made of SOLDER REEL RATCHET WHEEL VAY SOLDER ROLLS 9) 1s» WIRE SOLDER Fig. 4.—Details of Side Seaming Machine September 2, 1909 THE IRON AGE Fig, 7.—Can and Pail Soldering Machine. low grade steel and not of copper. What hand soldering is necessary at the plant is done with ordinary coppers. These soldering machines have been sold to other concerns for soldering the cases for dry batteries and many other purposes. They make it possible to side seam cans very rapidly. After the side seaming opera- tion the cans pass direct to the machine for soldering on the ends, while the pails have to be passed to machines for forming the false wire. The cans when they pass to the machine have the tops and bottoms placed on them loosely, as shown in Fig. 2a, and the machine crimps the seams into the form shown at K and L, Fig. 2. This operation will be described later in connection with the operations of the can soldering machine. The false wire on the pails is formed by special dies ves a | in the press, shown in Fig. 6. In the background of this same illustration can be seen the solder wire reel of the side seamer referred to above. The bending rolls for this group of machines are situated on an elevated plat- form behind the wiring press. The bent stock from these rolls is fed through chutes to the different bins. The pails after side seaming are fed through a chute to the press which forms the false wire, and after false wiring are made to roll through another chute to the soldering machine. A view of the soldering machine for the gallon pails, also patented by Mr. Ballard, is shown in Fig. 7. On account of the fact that fluxing acid has to be used on all of these machines much of the frame rusts quite rapidly, but this does not in any way interfere with Fig. 8.—Crimping and Soldering Mechanism. G MNT \AIR PIPE ee { wo Fig. 9.—Plan and Elevation of Can Testing Machine. The cans are placed on the machine The machine first clamps their operation. at the back, as seen in Fig. 7. the top and bottom firmly in position and crimps over both. The parts for doing this work are shown more clearly in Fig. 8. In this case the end clamp has not as yet descended upon the pail. On its descent the top and bottom plates supporting the pail immediately be- gin to revolve, and the two crimping rolls N, seen in the THE IRON AGE Fig. 10.—Bail Soldering Machine. September 2, 1909 background to the right of the pail, come in contact with the edges of the top and bottom and crimp them down. against the sides. At the same time the two small felt rollers O O, shown at the left of the can, are thrown up against the seam and flux it, the small boxes in which the rollers run being kept supplied with fluxing material. The top clamp over the can recedes auto- matically after the crimping and the machine moves forward one step. Then the top clamp, shown at P, Figs. 7 and 8, comes in contact with the top of the can and sets it rotating once more. Simultaneously the solder feeding mechanism feeds the proper amount of solder wire down against the soldering iron, which ad- vances in contact with the side of the can at the seam. The soldering iron is clearly shown at R, Figs. 7 and 8. This operation solders one end of the cans. As the machine moves forward a boy sitting in front turns the cans over so that when they come under the driving disc 8, Fig. 7, they are ready to have the other end soldered. The moment this driving disc comes in contact with the can it sets it in rotation and at the same time the soldering iron G advances into contact with the can and the proper amount of solder wire for the joint is fed down. The cans are then removed by an operator sitting on the far side of the machine, as shown in Fig. 7. The boy who sits on the front side of the machine does not have as much work as the operator on the back, as the latter has to place the two ends on the can before putting it on the machine. This gives the operator on the front of the machine ample time to solder up by hand any defects that may be dis- covered in the subsequent testing, as they are compara- tively few in number. A small heating furnace is ar- ranged at U, Fig. 7, for heating an ordinary soldering copper with which defects can be remedied. With the use of this machine it is possible to econo- mize very greatly in the amount of solder required for a joint. In the old method of soldering cans by rolling the joint in the solder the solder extended on both the inside and outside of the joint, from the point G to the point G’, Fig. 1, and, in fact, it had to extend up the sides and along the bottom of the can about % in. With the arrangement used in connection with the Ballard can soldering machine the solder is simply flowed in a narrow line along the joint itself. The only solder that ‘an do any possible good is that along the joint G, Fig. September 2, 1909 1, and hence any extra solder used is only wasted. The Ballard machine used only about 30 per cent. of the solder required in the old style machines when they were run without when they are run with solder wipers their consumption is still such that the Ballard machine will make a saving of more than 40 per cent. After the cans leave the soldering machine they are tested by the automatic device shown in two views in Fig. 9. The can is clamped between two plates, V and W, and automatically dipped into a tank of water. At the same time air pressure is turned on through the rubber clamping end and enters the open top of the can. If there are any leaks bubbles can be seen rising in the water tank. In this case the tester marks the leak with chalk and passes the can through a chute to the operator at the soldering machine, who does the repairing by hand. Most of the cans, are found perfect, and are immediately passed through a chute over the testing machine, through which they roll to the bailing machines, in the case of pails, while in the case of cans they are taken from the chute, washed to remove any flux, and passed to storage. The machine for soldering bails on the pails is shown in Fig. 10. This is also automatic in its operation, so far as the solder feed, fluxing, &c., are concerned. The pail is placed in position, as shown in the machine, the bail slipped over it and the machine started by a trip Wipers; however, THE IRON AGE A Besly Horizontal Disk Grinder. For grinding large surfaces, such as fire doors, door jambs of furnaces, and for grinding large gear case covers of automobiles, Charles H. Besly & Co., 15 South Clinton street, Chicago, Ill., have brought out the machine herewith illustrated, the Besly No. 19 iS-in. horizontal disk grinder. The disk wheel is 48 in. in diameter, “4 in. thick between ribs, 2% in. at the center hub and 1% in. at the rim, and has eight longitudinal ribs, radiating from the hub to the outer stove doors, &¢., 5g in. thick, rim. On its working face the disk has spiral grooves and it has a 2-in. hole in the center. The wheel is secured to the spindle by four The equipped with a guard ring, which is raised about % in. above the face of the disk wheel, and prevents the work from flying off the disk wheel while being ground. This ring has the top surface machined off true with the face of the disk wheel, so that bars, jigs, &c., can be secured thereto for holding the work. The grinder is driven by an 8-in. belt running on a 12-in. diameter by 84-in. face pulley, and this pulley is secured to a shaft 2 in. in diameter by 51 in. long. On the inner end of this shaft- is secured a 7-in. diameter, 2%4-in. face, four-pitch bevel pinion, which meshes into a 14-in. diameter, 2%4-in. face, four-pitch bevel gear secured to the spindle. The gears have planed teeth, and all %4-in. screws. machine is The No, 19 48-In. Horizontal Disk Grinder Built by Charles H. Besly & Co., Chicago, Il. lever controlled by the foot of the operator. Immediate- ly the fluxing wipers-come forward and flux both sides of the bail, after which the soldering iron shown at Y descends over the bail and the solder feed mechanism feeds the proper amount of solder against the soldering iron on each side. The pail is then reversed and the same operation carried out on the opposite side. After the bails have been soldered on the pails are washed by another operator and then dropped through a chute to the storage room below. As this article is concerned mainly with the soldering operations, no attempt has been made to follow the va- rious press and punch operations necessary for making the tops and bottoms, the ears for the bails, or for cut- ting and bending the wire stock for the bails themselves. These operations are conducted in ordinary punch presses, with which the readers of The Jron Age are familiar, ‘cadscstesapezeliiaitiadina delice Charles W. Toepfer announces that he will continue at the same address the business in bar and sheet steel heretofore conducted by the late George M. Hogan at 417 Commerce street, Philadelphia, Pa. Mr. Toepfer was manager for Mr. Hégan for a long period of years, which is an assurance that he will furnish the same brands and qualities of material. pulleys and gears are keyed and held in place by set screws operating directly on keys. The loose pulley is 12 in. in diameter by 84 in. face, has its bearing on the shaft, and is oiled through the hub from a compression grease cup. The machine can be driven direct from the line shaft, or from the floor beneath, or from a countershaft, as may be desired. The speed of the driving shaft is 800 rev. per min. and the speed of the disk wheel 400 rev. per min. The spindle is 29% in. long over all and is 3 in. in diam- eter in the bearings and 6 in. in diameter at the wheel collar and has a pilot 2 in. in diameter for holding and centering the disk wheel. The thrust is taken between two hardened tool steel blocks, one of which is secured to the lower end of the spindle and rotates with it, while the other is secured to the bed plate. The company has given particular attention to the lubricating of these thrust blocks and the bearings. The spindle bearings are 3 in. in diameter and each 9 in. long. The drive shaft bearings are 2 in. in diameter by 9 in. long. These bear- ing are all of split type, babbitted and reamed and the shafts are carefully fitted to them. The press for set- ting up the disk wheel is made in four parts or quad- rants, and each quadrant has two handles. All screws are United States standard, and wherever subjected to wear are case hardened. The weight of the machine complete is 2400 lb., net. 686 THE IRON September 2, 1909 AGE LE BLOND HEAVY DUTY LATHES. The heavy duty engine lathe illustrated is sentative of a line of 16, 20, 24 and 30 in. lathes recently placed on the market by the R. K. LeBlond Machine Tool Company, Cincinnati, Ohio. These lathes have been de- signed each for a specified performance—i. e., to take a given cut and remove a given number of cubic inches of metal per minute as a maximum. The 20-in. lathe, for example, that shown in Fig. 1, is capable of taking a cut 14 in. deep by 1-6 in. feed, at the rate of 65 feet per min- ute, on 0.50 per cent. carbon spindle steel, which amounts repre- the wearing surfaces have been proportioned accordingly. The bed, in addition to having an unusually deep section, is reinforced and braced by a transverse rib of I-beam section, directly under the front bearing, which rib ex- tends to the extreme top of the bed. In addition to this the metal around the holding down bolts has been rein- forced to about three times the thickness usually found at this point. The carriage is is carefully It is extremely rigid and scraped to a bearing its entire length on the bed. Fig. 1—The New 20-In. Heavy Duty Engine Lathe Built by the R. K. to the removing of 32 cu. in. of metal per minute. There are many new features in the construction of this lathe, which, though not radical departures, tend to increase its producing capacity. It has been the aim to produce a tool without complications, easy to manipulate, of great ridigity and capable of transmitting a large amount of power. The headstock is of the company’s improved drop braced pattern, extremely rigid and securely fastened to the bed with bolts of large diameter. The three-section cone in conjunction with the LeBlond double friction back gears and two-speed countershaft gives 18 changes of spindle speed covering a carefully selected range. The hollow spindle, which is made of high carbon hammered steel, has hardened and ground front and rear journals. These journals are carried in special cast iron boxes which are scraped to a bearing. This type of bearing does not require intricate oiling devices with continual attention from the operator, but the lubrication is never- theless well taken care of. The bearing pedestals are cored out to form large oil chambers, which are filled from the front of the lathe and from which the oil is fed to the bearings by felt pads. This construction ex- cludes possibility of grit entering the bearing and re- duces the attention required to a weekly filling of the oil receptacles. Fig. 2, which is an end and top view of the lathe, shows a new form of bed. The tailstock slides on a V of the usual proportions, on the rear way and on a flat surface in front. The carriage travels on a flat surface on the back and is held down at that point by a flat gib. The front of the carriage slides on a guide, however, of different shape than that usually found on engine lathes. This guide, or V as it may be called, is machined at an angle of 15 degrees on the front side and 70 degrees back angle. It is well known that the force .exerted downward on the carriage of an engine lathe is many times the outward pressure, and in designing this bed Le Blond Machine Tool Company, Cincinnati, Ohio. held in perfect alignment by taper gibs on either end bearing on a scraped surface at the front of the bed, which construction, together with the 70-degree back angle on the V, overcomes any tendency of the carriage to climb the ways when engaged on heavy work. These gibs are tongued in position on the carriage and, to- A Right End View of the Lathe. Fig. 2. September 2, 1909 len | ae hess Fig. 3.—Cross Section Through the Bed, Carriage, Apron and Taper Attachment, gether with the above mentioned form of V, form a con- struction that automatically compensates for wear, which makes it unnecessary to give any attention to the adjust- ment of these gibs. Wipers are provided, fitted with felt pads, which in addition to wiping off any grit on the sliding surfaces also automatically oil them. Fig. 3, which is a cross section through the bed, car- Fig. 4.—Front View of the Apron. Fig. 5.—Rear View of the Apron. Fig. 6.—-Top View of the Apron. THE IRON AGE 687 riage, apron and taper attachment, shows very clearly the proportions of the shears and also the position of the lathe spindle in relation to the bed. The spindle, as will be noted, is set back a considerable distance from the center of the shears, which not only gives an increased swing over the carriage, but permits the machine to be used at full swing without the tool overhanging the bed, a construction which gives great rigidity on work of large diameters. Figs. 4 and 5 show front and rear views of the apron, from which it will be seen that this is a one-piece box section casting, with all gears and studs supported at both ends. Fig. 6 is a top view of this apron, which clearly shows the wide bearing by which it is attached to the carriage. The tongue is accurately fitted to the carriage and the apron is rigidly held in position by four bolts of large diameter. This single box section form of apron, it is claimed, does away with the necessity of an auxiliary support at the lower end of the apron and overcomes the difficulty of uneven wear between such The longi- lower slides and the V on the top of the bed. Fig. 7.—Front View. of the Quick Change Gear Box. bEUTE uy Teak. Fig. 8—Rear View of the Quick Change Gear Box. tudinal and cross feeds are operated by a single friction, which in addition to being of large diameter is so placed with respect to the gearing that it has but a light duty to perform. The feeds are engaged in this apron by an in-and-out movement of the knob shown on the front. This moving member has a central position, which dis- connects all the gearing when the lathe is used for screw cutting. The apron is further provided with a device which makes it impossible to engage the feed rod and lead screw at the same time. The tailstock is massive, with a bearing of ample length on the bed, and is rigidly clamped to the bed by two large clamping bolts centrally located between the shears. The tail spindle barrel is designed to give the maximum length of bearing and long travel. Suitable screws are provided for setting over for taper work, the base being graduated so that this setting can be easily accomplished. The quick change gear box supplied with these lathes, as shown in Figs. 7 and 8, is worthy of notice, as it is the only device of its kind in which the entire mechanism is contained in one unit. Nine changes of speed are ob- tained through a cone of gears and the tumbler. It will be noted that this tumbler gear is supported on a large cylindrical bearing and is securely locked in position by 688 the plunger in the change handle. This construction has been a familiar feature of LeBlond lathes for some time. The nine changes noted above are quadrupled by the addition of the sliding gear transmission, which is well illustrated in Fig. 8, the gears being operated by the lower lever shown in Fig. 7. This construction permits the use of a direct reading index plate, shown in Fig. 7, from which the operator can read the position of the levers instantly. The 36 changes of threads, ranging from 2 to 30, are all made while the lathe is running under the heaviest cut. The gears in this box, as well as all other feed gears, are made from drop forged steel. The feed rod is driven by the same mechanism, suitable gears connecting it with the lead screws, giving a feed range from 8 to 120. The feed box is connected to the spindle by gears, the intermediate one of which is mounted on a quadrant, which permits the use of special or compound gearing at this point to cut special threads or metric threads with the United States standard lead screw or vice versa. ————>-—-+ oe —_____—_ Right Angle Line Shaft Transmission. BY B. FRANK TEAL, GLENSIDE, PA. In the article on “An Improved Ball Bearing Uni- versal Joint,” in The Iron Age of August 19, 1909, brief reference was made to the application of this joint to right angle shaft transmission, and the sketch showed two intermediate links, each at an angle of 30 degrees with their respective shafts and with each other. The object of using two links was that the angle of each THE IRON AGE September 2, 1909 ders it inapplicable to power transmission. By the use of the ball bearing trunnions, however, this difficulty, to a certain extent, would be overcome; the only question being as to its efliciency at the extreme angle of 45 de grees. It will be understood, of course, that in all details of design and proportion, the joints for this device are the same as in those for ordinary purposes; and the ball bearing shaft journals, though not an essential feature of the combination, were used to reduce shaft friction as nearly as possible to the minimum, and thus render it a negligible quantity, so that all running friction might be chargeable to the device itself. After an extensive experience in the use of ball bear- ings for various purposes in engineering construction, and a consequently well founded belief in their capabili- ties, the writer must confess to surprise at the results of the repeated tests to which this device was sub- jected. Power was applied by belt on the small pulley seen on the outer end of the right hand shaft. The pul- ley was twice the diameter of the shaft; and the belt— very light and slack—was of a width but four-fifths the diameter of the shaft. Starting with what would appear to be an extreme speed of about 1000 rev. per min., after a run of considerable duration the speed was gradually increased—without any change whatever in the belt or its tension, or in the driven pulley—until 7000 revolu- tions, at which speed many runs of considerable dura- tion were made. As a matter of curiosity, but without much expectation of satisfactory result, the same belt was shifted from the pulley and run directly on the body of the shaft; of course, with more tension than pre- Teal Universal Joints Applied in a Right Angle Transmission. should not exceed 30 degrees, which was the limit of angularity at which the joint had been previously tested. Incidentally, it may be mentioned that an error oc- curred in the hastily made drawing; the yokes on the two shafts should have been shown with the jaws par- allel, instead of at right angles. This would require one of the links to have parallel jaws, as otherwise the irregu- larity of motion caused by the oscillation of the center blocks would be transmitted to the driven shaft. Those familiar with the subject of power transmis- sion, know of many various devices which have been unsuccessfully tried to replace the miter gear drive, at one time universally used on quarter turn shafts, and it appeared to the writer that the solution of the problem required the elimination of all elements not absolutely essential to. the highest ¢fficiency and the use of an ap- parently prohibitive angularity.. To attain this by reduc- ing the number of intermediate links from 2 to 1 would necessitate an angularity of 45 degrees, and this ap- peared rather bold as applied to a line shaft required to fulfill ordinary everyday conditions. As an actual working test was the only means of solving this prob- lem, the device shown in the accompanying engraving was made and subjected to a series of severe tests, the re- sults of which will be later referred to. Reduced to its elements, it will be seen that the de- vice is composed simply of two pairs of universal joints ; the connecting link constituting the two parallel yokes; formed, however, of a single piece, instead of having a shaft interposed. This old and well-known arrange- ment—known as Dr. Stook’s angular shaft coupling— may be regarded as merely a mechanical movement as the great friction, due to ordinary journal bearings, ren- viously, and the surprising speed of 14,000 revolutions was reached without any difficulty whatever. After all of this severe strain, due to such excessive speeds, the joints showed no perceptible lost motion; no heating; and, though the oil chambers in the center blocks were filled, there was no trace of oil thrown out from the self-oiling trunnion bearings past the felt pack- ing rings, and, though there was no attempt at balancing fof rotative speed beyond accurate work in finishing to symmetrical design there was no perceptible tremor, even at the highest speed. While no dynamometer tests were made, and no quan- titative results obtained beyond the matter of rotative speeds, the strains due to the latter, and the enormous multiplication of friction had it existed to any appre- ciable amount, would have rendered such running abso- lutely impossible. And no better proof of the efficiency of the device is needed than the fact that the tests were so far in excess of any possible requirements in every day duty for this class of transmission. So The Atkinson Water Power Company, Benton, Ark., has been organized and incorporated to put on the mar- ket the Atkinson patent water wheel. This is so de- signed as not to require either dam or sluice for its op- eration, the only power required being that of the nat- ural current of the stream in which it is placed. It is stated to be specially suitable for large rivers which cannot be dammed, and will not interfere with naviga- tion. The company is now having a wheel built which will be installed in the Saline River, near Benton. J. F. Lee is president of the company and J. R. Gibbons is secretary and treasurer. September 2, 1909 An Improved Bignall & Keeler Pipe Machine. A new product of the Bignall & Keeler Mfg. Com- pany, Edwardsville, Ill., is the No. 8 duplex improved pipe threading and cutting off machine, equipped with gear box drive, which will cut off and thread pipe or casing from 2% to 8 in. diameter, inclusive. It is claimed that the design is such as to insure strength, stability and durability, and that it will withstand the severest strains of making up fittings, which requires more power and is harder on a machine than the cutting of threads. The die head is of low-down type, placing the handles and die lever within easy reach of the operator, and is equipped with the Peerless adjusting mechanism, which is Simple to operate. The adjustments necessary to ob- tain threads of different gauges are made by turning the adjusting nut, which is attached to the cam ring bracket by a swivel yoke. The adjusting screw passes through the nut and is connected to the die lever. Turn- ing the nut in either direction revolves the cam ring, causing the dies to expand or contract. When the die lever is down, in position for threading, it is in a THE IRON AGE 689 speeds for the various sizes of pipe. By using a single driving pulley a constant belt speed is obtained. The oil pump supplies oil to the dies and cutting-off tool and is directly connected and not driven by belt, which latter gives trouble from becoming saturated with oil. The countershaft has two self-oiling pulleys for open and cross belt, one tight and one driving pulley. The regular equipment of the machine consists of one set each of right hand pipe dies, from 2% to 8 in., in- clusive, countershaft The specifications of the machine are as follows: The shortest piece of pipe that can be threaded without a special holder is about 414 in. between threads; the size of the loose pulleys, 16 x 8 in., size of tight pulleys, 16 x 4 in.; speed of the countershaft, 250 rev. per min.; the extreme floor space, 10 x 110 in.; the domestic shipping weight, 6900 Ib., and the size of motor required, 3 hp. loose and wrenches. The Michigan Copper & Brass Company’s Growth. —Charles Sparks, manager of sales of the Michigan Cop- per & Brass Company, Detroit, Mich., has issued a cir- cular letter to customers which gives some interesting The Duplex No. 8 Improved Pipe Threading and Cutting Off Machine Built by the Bignall & Keeler Mfg. Company, Edwardsville, Ill, straight line with the adjustable screw, which means that the dies release with the first upward movement of the die lever, so that there can be no digging into the pipe. When the dies are to be removed from the head the stop latch is thrown back, allowing the cam ring to revolve into such a position that the openings in the ring are opposite the slots in the die head, and then the dies can be removed. This also permits the slots to be cleaned without removing the ring. The steady slides, which sup- port the pipe when being cut off, have interchangeable hardened steel facings. On one of the sides is attached the cutting-off device, which places the cutting-off tool near the point of support. When it is desired to cut off pipe the steady slides are closed on the pipe firmly and the cut-off tool is then brought into action. The reaming tool is held in a tool post on the cut-off slide, and is always in position. The chucks are of the independent type, each having three jaws. Tempered steel grippers are dovetailed into the ends of the slides, and can be removed and sharpened. The slides, which are made of steel, are graduated and readily set to any particular size. The slides on the rear chuck have flange grippers in addition to pipe grippers, for making up flanged work. Different speeds are ob- tained through the gear box and a compound sliding gear on one of the shafts. There are no rocking gears or clutches. The gears in the box are of steel and run in oil. A speed plate is attached to the box, indicating the facts regarding the growth of the company’s business: “On August 22, 1907, we billed the first pound of brass turned out of this mill. In August, 1908, one year later, the output was 45 times as large as in the first 30 days the mill was in operation. In July of this year the shipments were more than 70 times as large as those made during the first month. August not being com- pleted, we cannot make comparison with August of a year ago, but at the present writing we have orders for more of our product than we have ever received to the same date in any month since the mill was started. There is a reason for this. Good metal and good service tell the whole story. We have endeavored to satisfy our customers and they have shown their appreciation by giving us liberal orders. One thing particularly that has contributed very largely to the rapid growth of this business is the fact that we furnish metal to manufac- turers that is best adapted to the class of work they produce. It is hardly necessary to point out how this saves in manufacturing cost.” a AO The American Railway Association reports that be- tween August 4 and August 18 the freight car surplus was reduced by 47,749 cars, or to 159,424. The reduc- tion from 12 months preceding was 93,579. In the fort- night mentioned box cars decreased 21,141, and coal cars and gondolas 19,328. There was also a decrease of 6248 in miscellaneous cars. THE Toledo Electric Welding Machines. The welding of metals is an art nearly as old as the use of iron, but until within a comparatively few years no decided changes have been made in the methods em- ployed. The leather aproned blacksmith heating two pieces of iron in a forge, then hammering them together by main strength and a liberal sprinkling of welding compound, rarely understands the chemistry of the process that is going on before his eyes. The welding compound (consisting mainly of borax) melts and covers the surface of the metal, and the chemical action reduces the oxide scale to the liquid state and at the same time prevents further access of air to the heated surface. When the pieces are hammered, the burnt metal and flux is forced out, the reliability of the weld depending altogether on the judgment of the man behind the ham- mer in bringing the metal to the right temperature, and his skill in hammering out all of the burnt particles of metal and oxide scale. Electric welding is simple by comparison so far as skill is concerned on the part of the operator. A boy with a welding machine can weld more pieces of a given kind in a day than a dozen skilled black- smiths could possibly turn out. The underlying principle of the electric welder is that a poor conductor of electricity will offer so much resist- ance to the flow of current that it will heat. The degree of heat depends upon the amount of current and the re- sistance of the conductor. The same is true of an in- candescent lamp. The copper wires leading to the lamp are good conductors and remain cool, but the carbon filament of the lamp, being a poor conductor and offering such a great resistance to the flow of current, becomes white hot or reaches a state of incandescence. The process of electric welding is especially applicable to the butt welding of metals having practically the same cross section at the weld. With the electric current the heat can be applied at any point desired, and, limiting 690 Fig. 1.—A Small Toledo Electric Welder for Welding Drills to Shanks. it largely to this spot, as is done, the energy is concen- trated just where it is needed. The temperature can be maintained at any point desired for any length of time, and any degree of heat can be obtained up to the melting point of the metal and can be increased or decreased at the will of the operator. This is done by turning the current on and off by means of a switch on the machine. The metal can be watched while heating, as it is visible at all times. The pieces heat gradually as in a coke fire and no goggles or smoked glasses are used or required. As the heat is entirely between the clamping or vise jaws that hold the pieces to be welded, it is confined to the joint and there is no energy wasted in heating more material than is required to make the weld. No flux is IRON AGE September 2, 1909 Fig. 2.-_-A Larger Machine for Tubing, Rods, &c. required in making an ordinary weld and there is no blistering or scaling. It is one of the properties of an electric current to follow the path of least resistance. Inversely, the greater resistance, the more heat. When the ends of two pieces of metal are brought together, this is the point of great- est resistance, and the abutting ends will instantly begin to heat. The hotter the metal becomes the greater is its resistance to the flow of current; consequently, as the edges of the abutting ends heat the current is forced into the adjacent cooler parts until there is a uniform Fig. 3.—A Universal Welder with Which Hoops Can Be Joined. heat throughout the entire mass; all of this is accom- plished entirely automatically. For electric welding alternating current is required. In nearly all cities and towns the current can be bought from the local lighting company at a price so low that it would not pay to invest in a dynamo, solely for this work, unless a number of welders are installed. The local company will furnish a transformer adapted for either 220 or 440 volts. Two wires are run from this transformer direct to the welder, which is equipped with a special transformer that further reduces the pres- sure to 4 or 5 volts. This pressure is about the same as the ordinary dry battery used for door bells, and there is absolutely no danger of a shock to the operator. The September 2, 1909 copper clamping jaws of a welder are similar to a pair of movable vise jaws and form the terminals of the sec- ondary of a special transformer located in the welder. When two pieces of iron are to be welded they are clamped between the viselike clamping jaws which are set from ¥% to 2 in. apart, according to the size of stock to be welded. The ends of the metal to be welded touch each other. The current is turned on by means of a switch. In a few seconds the metal reaches a white heat and is in a partially molten state, when, by means of a lever, the ends of the metal are forced together while in this semifluid condition, thus making a homogeneous mass and a perfect weld. A projection or fin will be raised where the ends come together and this may be ground off or removed by a drop hammer or press. When a weld is properly made in a bar of iron or steel it is as strong at the welded point as at any other place. The heat is first developed in the interior of the metal, and the interior being the hottest, the metal is welded at this point as perfectly as at the surface. When welded in a forge the outer surface is heated first and very often the inner part is not as perfectly joined together as the sur- face, the result being an imperfect weld. The Toledo Electric Welding Company, Toledo, Ohio, has brought out a very complete line of welding ma- chines for various purposes, a few of which are illus- trated. Fig. 1 shows a special machine for welding small drills; one of the drills is shown in the machine. The operation of this machine is simple, no expert operator is required, and work can be turned out very rapidly. The head on the left holds a chucking jaw to hold the blade of the drill. Sockets are provided for the different sizes of drills and are held rigidly in the ¢huck jaws. The varying lengths of drills are taken care of by the adjust- Fig. 4.—Examples of Work Done on a Universal Welder. ing bolt with a knurled head, which is shown at the ex- treme left of the head. By this arrangement every drill of a certain size projects the same distance from the clamping jaws. The shanks of the drills are fastened in a chucking device shown at the right; the two heads are brought together by turning the pilot wheel, and as the pieces to be welded are brought together they are abso- lutely in alignment. The automatic switch shown at the THE IRON AGE 691 back of the machine is adjustable and can be set to open the circuit at any predetermined point. This enables the operator to set the machine to make the welds with the greatest degree of accuracy. After the weld is made the drill is automatically thrown out and the chucking jaws are in position to receive another drill. Fig. 2 shows a larger machine designed for welding tubing, automobile steering rods, &c., or solid stock up to and including 1% in. round iron or steel. The stock is clamped in the copper jaws by the hand levers shown on top of the machine. The right head moves back and Fig. 5.—Examples of Work Done with the Plain Welders. forth in sliding ways and is actuated by the pilot wheel shown at the right side of the machine. The current is turned on and off by the foot switch shown on the floor at the base of the machine. The clamping dies come far enough above the top of the table to allow bars or tubes of any length to be conveniently handled and are welded without interfering with any of the working mechanism ; at the same time the line of thrust is in the center of the work holding jaws, thus insuring absolute alignment of parts when welded. The copper dies are water cooled in all of these machines. As the illustrations show, the welders are solid and massive in design and well adapted for the use and abuse they are subjected to in service. They are usually placed in the hands of ordinary ope- rators, having no experience with machinery, and are designed to stand the work imposed on them under the most exacting conditions. Fig. 3 shows a universal welder designed to weld up to and including %-in. solid steel or iron. The clamping jaws are actuated by foot treadles and the current is turned on and off by a switch mounted on the lower handle shown at the right. A few welded pieces are shown in Figs. 4 and 5, which will give some idea of the great variety of work that can be done by this method. It is, however, a quantity proposition for the man with a great number of duplicate parts to weld or braze and is not adapted for the average blacksmith or repair man who has only a few pieces to weld per day. To give some idea of the cost of current for electric welding and the time required the following table has been prepared : Cost of 1000 welds at 1 cent per kilowatt-hour. Seconds to make a weld. Round iron or steel.—Inches. Bs er nis as don eae add 3 0.07 Oe a ad alam ky 5 0.13 BG We eek Se xeld shea bees de ees 7 0.22 i). be Saeed iee tos 10 0.38 BI 5): mr cerk iat Wile ds 12 0.50 OE Sera ee ee 2 1.50 The price per 1000 welds is based on current at 1 cent per kilowatt-hour. If current costs 3 or 5 cents, the price given above must be multiplied by this higher rate. 692 The No. 21-2 Universal Horizontal Boring Machine. The Universal Boring Machine Company, Hudson, Mass., has lately placed on the market a No. 2% universal (horizontal) boring machine with an extra long bed to facilitate the machining of large castings. This machine has been built with a special view to accuracy and per- manence of alignment, and is accurately fitted to surface plates and straight edges and carefully lined up to be true throughout the range of its various adjustments. The machine is especially adaptable to jig work and the like where it is necessary to do very