The Iron Age 1909-06-10: Vol 83 Iss 23

beats aS eae ak ass in THE IRON AGE DIRECTOR Just Issued to Subscribers m Listing All The Products of Advertisers in The Iron A THE.-JRON AGE Published every Th by David Williams Co. 14-16 Park Place, New York. Vol. 83: No. 23. New York, Thursday, June 10, 1909. ioe ae Reading Matter Contents........ page 1892 Alphabetical Index to Advertisers ‘‘ 186 Advertising and Subscription Rates ‘‘ 1901 REED F. BLAIR & CO. PRICK BUILDING, PITTSBURG, PA. STANDARD CONNELLSVILLE COKE FOUNDRY FURNACE CRUSHED z Classified List of Advertisers “176 | The original and only Genuine ‘““STILLSON A NEW LIGHT on the SHOT SHELL TRADE The Steel Lining in all U M C smokeless powder shells throws a new light on every department of the shot shell trade. To the jobber and retailer it means the strongest selling point ever presented—no other shells are steel lined. To the consumer, it means a stronger shell—added quality without an added price. Read the writing on the wall. Meet the call for our Arrow and Nitro Club Steel Lined Shells. THE UNION METALLIC CARTRIDGE CO. WRENCH ”’ 2 ’ is manufactured by WALWORTH MFG. CO., Boston, U.S. A. And bears their registered Trade-Mark WRITE FOR Bridgeport, Conn. a ae AGENCY 315 BROADWAY - NEW YORK CITY o. THE BRISTOL CO. = Waterbury, Conn. * SAMSON SPOT SASH CORD WATER TUBE The Babcock & Wilcox Co., BOILERS serccss 0 Newton UNEQUALLED The great majority of Horseshoers and Horse Owners Agree upon this point. TURNBUCKLES Cleveland City Forge and Iron Co., Cleveland, 0. TURN BUCH IES MERRILL BROS. ES vr acvotn. New York, N. Y. MADE [BY BESSEMER PIG The Capewell Horse Nail Co. “Capewell” Nails ro g2tcst Nals Bldg. PLN CRANE a UFHIN RULES IN AMERICA and | THE BEST IN THE LUFKIN RULECO,, a be .r 8. . New York London, Eng. Windsor, Can. Hartford, Conn., U. S. A. Jenkins Bros. Pump Valves Made in various compounds—each the best obtainable—for cold, warm or hot water, either high or low pressure; also for naphtha, mild acids, ammonia, or very muddy and gritty water and other destructive fluids. In fact we supply guaranteed valves for every pumping requirement. WRITE. _JENKINS BROS., New York, Setten, Philadelphia, Chicago nc DHEETS 1 /Swedoh’” Cold Rolled Steel," Drawing» Stamping of every description and for THE AMERICAN TUBE & STAMPING COMPANY SEB 26 all purposes. PAGE (Water and Rail Delivery) BRiIpGEPort, CoNN Tin Plate — Terne Plate AMERICAN SHEET AND TIN PLATE COMPANY Frick Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. See our ad on page 17 MAGNOLIA petcrions METAL The Standard Babbitt of the World We manufacture everything in the iy Babbitt Line. MAGNOLIA METAL CO, prec eaten ec a New York: 119) Bank St, Chicago: Fisher Building, Montreal: 31 St, Nicholas St THE MOST DETAILED ENUMERATION OF i 1 ‘We im 1% THE IRON AGE 1 SHEET THE HIGHEST BRASS; Pa ™ — ~~" EFFICIENCY Sheet and Roll Brass, Wire, is GERMAN SHEET Rods, German Silver and Brass ROD Goods in great variety OBTAINED SILVER | WIRE Rolling Mill Factories WHEN Thomaston, Conn., Waterbury, Conn. Pat, Leveled Sign Brass |...» cnet an n Pc FOLLANSBEE |) °s: sui, ce sates eae ee ELECTRICAL PAT. LEVELED GERMAN SILVER wih, <ioentnnthaleburtne® idalwor Polished or Plain for Soda A Large Quarto Volume of 191 Pages, Double Col Water and Bar Fixtures PRICE, $4.00, DELIVERED. oe ae, : DAVID WILLIAMS CoO. - 14-16 Park Place, New York CT F FL Low Brass, Gilding and Bronze} WWW Metal, Sheet, Rod and Wire IS USED ssiaianiaend Goods SCOVILL MFG. CO. a : Manufacturers of ati in Great Variety BRASS, GERMAN SILVER, FOLLANSBEE Waterbury Brass Co. Sheets, Rolls, Wite, and WATERBURY, CONN. Brass Shells, Cups, Hinges, Buttons, B ROT H E RS 1 Cliff St., New York Providence, R. |. Lamp Goods. Spectal Brass Goods to Order COMPANY __||Bridgeport Deoxidized Bronze Pacis WATERBURY, CONN, MAKERS & Metal Co. Depot NEW YORK CHICAGO BOSTON HIGH GRADE BRIDGEPORT, CONN. on SHEET STEEL Phosphor and Deoxidized | fenry Souther Engineering 60, p TT S B U R G H Bronze HARTFORD, CONN. Co ition, Yellow B d Alumi- ; wooo a ee Consalting Chemists, Metallurgists icieiieiehnniahhtnentsediansamiaamanmiaaanimaadimndian and Analysts. Complete Physical Testing Laboratory. Expert Testimony in Court and Patent Casea, Matthiessen & Hegeler Zinc Co. cae nmeeseames WArthur T, Rater & Go AND MANUFACTURERS 256 Broadway, SHEET ZINC AND SULPHURIC ACID NEW YORK. Seas teaear aati a seman a" Small tubing in Brass, Copper, Selected Sheets for Paper and Card Makers’ use. Steel, Aluminum, German Silver, Stove and Washboard Blanks. &c. Sheet Brass, Copper and Ger- ZINCS FOR LECLANCHE BATTERY man Silver. Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire. Brazed and Seamless Brass and Copper Tube. GERMAN SILVER W#!TE\ \\ Copper and Brase Rod. ( GERMAN SILVER sterst ) @BHONO-FLECTRIO" Polished wide sheets, patent levelled, for soda foun- WiIRK. “IT’S TOUGH” tains, bar fixtures etc. German silver for spinning. TROLLEY, NICKEL ANODES BRASS, BRONZE, COPPER TELEPHONE in all forms and \ THE SEYMOUR MFG. CO., Seymour, Conn. fv TELEGRAPH HENDRICKS BROTHERS ot BRIDGEPOT BRAS company Sheetand Bar Copper, CopperFireBoxPlates aan mote " cakGaal and Staybolts, Wire and Braziers Rivets GERMIAN SILVER Importers and Dealers in : Ingot per, Block, Tin, Spelter, THE RIVERSIDE Lead, Antimony, Bismuth, Nickel, etc. METAL CO. 49 CLIFF STREET « “ NEW YORK mune) 7 , RIVERSIDE N J Po eters ee eoRrrk BR tate An THE IRON AGE New York, Thursday, June 10, 1909. A Novel Belgian Inclined Elevator. BY DR. ALFRED GRADENWITZ, BERLIN, GERMANY, An ingenious inclined elevator was recently installed at the works of H. Bollinckx at Brussels, Belgium, to handle work between two parts of the shops at different levels. Previously the work has been transported over the existing incline, but it entailed much loss of time, which was felt to be a serious drawback. Owing to the considerable length and unequal distribution of weight of the objects to be transported, the use of an ordinary elevator was out of the question and finally the unique Fig. 1.—Elevator Down. An Inclined Pneumatic-Hydraulic Elevator in the H. Bollinckx Works, Brussels, Belgium. transporter shown in the accompanying illustrations was adopted. Fig. 1 shows the elevator at the bottom of its travel and Fig. 2 the elevator at the top with a load. The truck P, running on the incline, as seen in Fig. 2, is of a considerable length, so that its smooth working is not interfered with by one sided loads nor by the carry- ing of lengthy machine parts. The power for operating the truck is supplied by a hydraulic cylinder, E, supplied with water under pressure from the receiver C, situated close to the wall. The connecting pipe A contains a valve, B, which is generally kept closed, so that the truck stands wherever it is stopped. This is of special im- portance on the arrival of loaded trucks at the upper terminal, the truck being prevented from descending. The receiver communicates with the compressed air supply of the works, as shown at F, which acts to put the water in the receiver under pressure when required. When the truck has arrived at the upper terminal and it is desired to return it the compressed air is allowed to escape from the receiver at O, and then by opening the valve B between the cylinder and receiver by lifting the counterweight M from the valve lever the water can flow back into the receiver, allowing the elevator to de- scend. The truck descends in about 30 sec. On its ar- rival at the lower terminal the operator drops the coun- terweight, thus closing the valve. He may then reopen the air cock, which places the water in the receiver again under pressure, but as the water is unable to pass from the receiver to the cylinder the elevator will not move until the valve B is again opened. a -- Steel Companies Exchange Property.—An exchange of mill property has been arranged recently between the United States Steel Corporation and the Republic Iron & Steel Company. In the Youngstown, Ohio, District the Steel Corporation, through its subsidiary, the National Fig. 2.—Elevator Up. Tube Company, owned a tract of about 15 acres at Haseb ton, formerly occupied by the American Tube & Iron Company. The mill was dismantled some time ago and there remained on the site only buildings and railroad. tracks. At South Sharon, Pa., the Republic Iron & Steet Company had a tract of about the same size as the above, once occupied by its Kimberly mill, abandoned several years ago. The transfer of the respective tracts makes it possible for the Republic Iron & Steel Company te round out its property at Haselton and gives it adds tional water front, which will be of advantage in the ex- tensions it contemplates in the construction of a tube mill and in the probable addition at some time of ap open hearth plant. The acquisition of the South Sharon property gives the Steel Corporation a solid block of land in connection with the plants acquired some years ago from the Union Steel Company. mnincliiasieaihedieahitibciaasdiabeitns The annual meeting of stockholders of the Orient Coke Company held at Uniontown, Pa., last week, the following officers were elected: Julian Kennedy, presi- dent; Robert Bentley, vice-president; Reid Kennedy, secretary and treasurer; R. M. Frey, assistant secretar¥ and treasurer; O. W. Kennedy, general manager. 1840 THE IRON AGE Higher Rates for Iron and Steel. Proposed Amendments to the Senate Tariff Bill in That Direction. WASHINGTON, June §, 1909.—Notwithstanding the pro- tracted debate on the textile schedules, excellent progress in the consideration of the tariff bill has been made in the past week, and Chairman Aldrich of the Finance Com- mittee predicts with much confidence the final passage of the bill, after action by the Conference Committee, by July 1. But few provisions of the bill except its admin- istrative features now remain to be acted upon, and prac- tically all the set speeches of its advocates and opponents have been delivered, so that in default of a regularly or- ganized filibuster, of which there is now no evidence whatever, the early passage of the measure seems cer- tain. Higher Rates Sought for Iron and Steel, The success that has followed the efforts of the Finance Committee to maintain the Dingley rates on sev- eral of the leading schedules which have been most sharply assailed by advocates of reduction has tempted certain interests in the iron and steel industry to urge a revision of the comparatively heavy cuts made in the metal schedules by the Ways and Means Committee and approved with more or less modification by the Finance Committee. It has. been rumored this week that before the final vote on the bill the rates on steel rails, structural steel and other forms would be increased by at least one- half the cut-made by the Finance Committee, and that other minor changes in the nature of readjustments would be made in the rates on certain more highly fin- ished products. In this connection it is pointed out that Chairman Aldrich, in discussing the metal schedule on the floor of the Senate, declared that he had assented to the reductions made by the Finance Committee with great réluctance and that he feared a very serious error had been made by the committee which would be dis- covered too late, and which would deal a heavy blow to a great industry.. Senator Aldrich’s statement has been used with considerable effect by the advocates of higher duties in the metal schedule, and there is reason to be- lieve that the question of increases rests solely with the Finance Committee, and that the same majority which has been marshaled by Senator Aldrich in favor of every rate proposed by the committee will be found to favor any change in the metal schedule that may be reported. The committee has made no decision in regard to in- creases, and reports: to the contrary are at least pre- mature. The Duty on Ferroalloys, The status of the ferroalloy controversy continues to attract attention here and throughout the steel industry. The rates adopted by the House were regarded by some steel makers as inordinately high and many protests were lodged with the Finance Committee. The so-called independent manufacturers were a unit in their demand for lower duties, and at one time they seemed to be in a fair way to control the situation. The domestic alloy producers, however, developed an astonishing amount of influence with the Senate Committee and the rates as finally reported to the Senate were wholly unsatisfactory to the steel makers. The report is now current that when the bill reaches conference “substantial reductions” will be made and that the steel makers will have no fault to find with the bill as finally enacted. Unprecedented things are accomplished almost daily in national legisla- tion, but if rates on ferroalloys satisfactory to the inde- pendent steel makers are secured in conference a prece- dent of half a century’s standing will have been shat- tered. It is an iron rule governing conference commit- tees that they shall take the House and Senate provi- sions as representing the extremes of dissent and that the conference agreement shall be in the nature of a com- promise. Taking the case of ferroalloys as an illustra- tion and applying this rule, it is difficult to see how the steel makers can be satisfied with a rate which shall be a compromise between the Senate and House figures when both schedules are regarded as being far above a June 10, 1909 fair level. It would seem that the steel producers have accepted assurances which either do not proceed from authoritative sources or which have been misinterpreted and that the final action of the Conference Committee will prove a serious disappointment. There has been much curiosity to learn the exact attitude of the Steel Corporation with respect to the ferroalloy duties. While no positive information is available, there is authority for the statement that it has manifested very little in- terest in the matter and appears to be indifferent as to the prices its competitors may pay for any of the iron alloys. Support for the Iron Ore Duty. The prospect that when the tariff bill is reported from the Committee of the Whole to the Senate a sepa- rate vote will be demanded on iron ore for the purpose of “putting on record” Senators who favor such a duty lends a special interest to a statement made on the floor during the past week by Senator Stone of Missouri, one of the Democrats who voted for the rate of 25 cents per ton. In explaining his reason for advocating the re- moval of iron ore from the free list Senator Stone said that after painstaking investigation he was convinced that the available supply of iron ore in the United States is sufficient to last for several centuries, and that, there- fore, there is no force in the contention that ore should be admitted free in order to conserve our resources. Taking up the second argument against the duty, based on the assertion that the Steel Corporation favored the tax because of its control of enormous areas of land containing iron ore, in consequence of which it practically held a monopoly of the American supply, Senator Stone said he had received satisfactory assurances that the statement that the corporation controlled even 50 per per cent. of the iron ore lands was “a gross exaggera- tion.” Concerning the general statement that the Steel Corporation favored a duty on iron ore, he said that he had found no evidence to that effect; that neither he nor any of his Democratic colleagues, so far as he. could ascertain, had received any representations indicating its desire in the matter, and that she refused ‘to be “stampeded at the mere specter of an alleged monopoly.” Referring to the iron ore deposits of Cuba and the desirability from the standpoint of certain tidewater steel producers to obtain this ore duty. free, Senator Stone said that he understood that the bulk of these ores were owned by the Bethlehem and Pennsylvania Steel companies; that Mr. Schwab was the head of the Beth- lehem Company and had been “ educated in the iron and steel industry under the tutelage of Andrew Carnegie.” Mr. Schwab’s connection with the Steel Corporation had never been wholly severed, he believed, and he added that he had “ little or no doubt that when Mr. Schwab’s Cu- ban mines begin to empty their ores into our markets the trust will share with the Schwab company in whatever benefits may accrue.” Whatever fallacies there may be in Senator Stone’s reasoning, there is good ground to believe that every one of the 18 Democrats who supported a duty on iron ore in Committee of the Whole, if called upon to do so, will vote in the Senate to retain that duty. President Taft's Attitude, Perhaps the most interesting question now being con- sidered by the members of the Senate and House is the attitude of President Taft with respect to the tariff bill and the interpretation that he will put upon the ante- election pledges of his party with respect to tariff re- vision. Up to the present time the President has con- sistently refrained from interfering in any way with the framing of the bill. In marked contrast with the policy of his predecessor, he has told a hundred callers that it is the function of Congress to enact laws and of the Executive to enforce them, and that while he recog- nizes his responsibilities and his duty to make recom- mendations in the interest of the public welfare, he does not conceive it to be proper or wise for him to take an active part in the work of framing the pending bill. That he sympathizes with the House leaders in their efforts to pass a fariff law, the general characteristic of which shall be revision downward, may be gathered emanate SSAA RE ttt ss ee Ee June 10, 1909 rather from his private conversation with friends than from anything he has said to the leaders of either House. The suggestion has been heard in certain quarters that when the bill is sent to conference the President will summon the conferees of both houses and outline to them his views as to the form the bill should finally take. If this is his plan, he has given no inkling of it to any one in authority. The Charge That Rates Have Been Raised. Concerning the general impression that the Finance Committee has materially raised the rates of the present tariff law, which is supported to some extent by figures showing an increase in the average ad valorem rate of certain schedules, it is pointed out by the committee ex- perts that these figures are often misleading, especially in view of the basis of the calculations which, in estimat- ing the rates on any given schedule, fails to take into account the items allied with that schedule which have been placed on the free list. Taking the metal schedule as an example, it is an interesting fact, of which very few persons seem to be aware, that the action of the House in transferring iron ore to the free list operated to raise the average ad valorem of the metal schedule in- stead of lowering it. A moment’s thought, however, makes the matter entirely clear, for it is obvious that if any product, the rate on which is less than the average rate of the schedule, be removed from the schedule the average of the remaining items must be higher than before. Deceptive **Ad Valorem” Rates, It is also a fact that the placing of practically pro- hibitory rates on certain items operates to reduce the average ad valorem, for the reason that in making up the average each rate is “ weighted” by the amount of importations. It is obvious, therefore, that a rate of 100 per cent., for example—such a rate being practically pro- hibitory—would be a comparatively negligible factor in computing the average, while a rate of 50 per cent., un- der which the importations might be very large, would be of prime importance, as such a rate would be above the average of the schedule. The fact must also be borne in mind, in considering the Finance Committee’s action, that Senator Aldrich and his colleagues expect to be obliged to make important concessions to the Ways and Means Com- mittee in conference. While, because the House drafted the bill in its entirety and the Senate has accepted a large part of the measure without modification, it may be assumed that the Senate will have its way with re- spect to the greater part of the amendments it has made, nevertheless the House rates on many items will ulti- mately be conceded, and in many other cases compromise rates will be adopted. As already intimated with respect to ferroalloys, the final rates on all items will be either those fixed by-House or Senate or rates between those extremes. Nothing higher or lower than the two ex- tremes is likely to be agreed upon. The New Drawback Section, The Finance Committee has again changed its plans with regard to the framing of a drawback section. The last announcement made in this connection was to the effect that the committee would present no provision, and that the text would be formulated in conference on the basis of the section adopted by the House, which it was said would be amended by the elimination of the so-called substitution clause, which would be replaced by the text of Section 30 of the Dingley act, slightly modified for the purpose of liberalizing the interpretation of the term “manufactured” as heretofore construed by the courts. Senator Aldrich during the past week has announced, however, that the Finance Committee has found it de- sirable to frame a comprehensive drawback section for the purpose of forestalling the objections of certain Sen- ators who oppose the payment of drawbacks on certain commodities, including flour and oil cake made from im- ported seed. The opponents of a drawback on tin plate do not appear to have made a very deep impression upon the committee, which is disposed to extend rather than narrow the scope of the general provision. The substitution feature of the House bill, modeled on the French law, has been abandoned by the Senate Com- mittee because of the conviction of Senator Aldrich and THE IRON AGE 1841 his colleagues that in practice it would imperil the rev- enues because of the opportunities for fraud which tit would afford. It is proposed, however, that the new pro- vision shall grant drawback on many articles “ pro- duced” in the United States from foreign materials which cannot with technical accuracy be described as “ manufactured.” The opponents of drawback on flour, oil cake, &¢., will be placated by the insertion of a pro- vision requiring imported grain, seeds, &¢c., to be treated within a reasonable distance of the port of entry and the resulting products exported within a certain specified period of time after importation. The Senate drawback section will embrace those fea- tures of the House provision granting drawback of duty paid on the materials used in the manufacture of goods intended for consumption on shipboard, a modification in the present law rendered necessary by the decisions of the courts to the effect that goods consumed as ships’ stores, even if limited to those sold to vessels in the for- eign trade, are not “exported” within the meaning of the law and therefore are not entitled to drawback of customs duties or rebate of internal revenue tax. The Maximum and Minimum Clause, The maximum and minimum clause of the Senate bill promises to give the Finance Committee leaders no little trouble, and in estimating the length of time that will be consumed in the further consideration of the measure 2 liberal allowance is made for the discussion of this pro- vision. Much is being made by the critics of the Senate measure of the fact that while the House bill provides for the imposition of retaliatory rates equal to 20 per cent. of the general tariff, the Senate clause adds 25 per cent. ad valorem. At first glance there would seem to be a difference of but 5 per cent., but a single illus- tration will show a much wider margin. An article bearing a rate of 50 per cent. under the general tariff would be raised by the House bill 20 per cent. of that rate in the event of retaliatory action, making a total of 60 per cent. Under the Senate bill the same article would be increased 25 per cent. ad valorem, which, add- ed to the general tariff, would give a retaliatory rate of 75 per cent. The Finance Committee members de- fend the Senate provision on the ground that it is in- tended to be practically prohibitory on articles bearing relatively high rates, and it is further pointed out that, while under the House bill the retaliatory rates would apply automatically and probably in many cases to the disadvantage of the United States, under the Senate measure it would at all times be discretionary with the President as to whether they should be invoked. Income Tax Proposition Dead, The proposition for an income tax, which has aroused renewed interest during the past week by the presentation of another income tax amendment by Senator Cummins of Iowa, has received something of a setback in the an- nouncement that the annual estimates to be submitted to Congress in December, which are now being made up by the several departments, have been heavily cut, the grand total being reduced by more than $50,000,000. Sen- ator Cummins’ amendment proposes a tax of 2 per cent. on the incomes of all individuals and corporations in ex- cess of $5000 and is a more conservative measure than any of those thus far presented in either House; never- theless, it will probably be referred, with all other pro- visions of like character, to the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee with instructions to investigate the constitution- ality of the taxing of incomes by the Federal Government and to report a measure for that purpose in the event that it shall appear after a reasonable length of time that the new tariff law will not provide sufficient revenue. The budget for the new fiscal year, as made up by the administration, shows a cut of approximately $30,000,000 in the army, $10,000,000 in the navy, $8,500,000 in the Interior Department and about $11,500,000 in the other departments and independent bureaus. As these esti- mates.will probably be still further reduced by Congress, there is a fair prospect that Senator Aldrich’s calcula- tions respecting the adequacy of the revenues to be de- rived under the new tariff law will be realized. W.L.c. 1842 THE IRON AGE Air Furnace Construction for Malleable Castings. * BY W. H. KANE, ZANESVILLE, 0. The principal use in melting practice in this country of the reverberatory furnace, commonly called the “ air furnace,” is for the production of malleable castings. There is a type of this furnace which finds its applica- —- - — - 36 -TOTAL-LENGTH-OF-PLATES—— - ——— nicncit slal ninth arise alte ene Tad ta tae tit coms pb $3 — rr ro 8-H TAP oe DN CHARGING SIDE : F 1 THO Cacukecceree a SO SSS WY t x SES WERE . 4 SECTION ON A-A June 10, 1909 of air furnace malleable castings. On the other hand, the open hearth furnace, if it can be run continuously, is cheaper than the air furnace and produces a slightly higher grade of metal, but it has its disadvantages and can only find its proper place in the very large works. There is nothing like the air furnace for convenience. You can run heats up to the blowing of the whistle at night, take off the bungs, put in new walls or bottom (when this breaks and comes up), and be ready to charge again when the whistle blows in the morning. 4/103 —} ~—e t be 4/1034 2 AIR |SPACE | C.L.OF STACK | Es ee ©.L. OF NO | w feces FIRST QUALITY FIRE BRICK ; nd SECOND QUALITY FIRE BRICK. EZZ2 COMMON BRICK CONCRETE FIRE, SAND ACE | i! i | | 2 AiR § ’ SECTION ON B-B Figs. 1 and 2.—Plan and Sectional Blevation of 15-Ton Reverberatory Furnace. : | WEST WALL 0 SSS SSS 7 oT 7 “x: r "tT a A = \V/ {| a; a a el a kK = 8 2 | Zz. 129% x 22% kB x . wi i} Port wy hemes O.. pe ~. i 7-6 INSIDE PLATE = - - ee " " 1 s xr SKIM Sto b-ata te Vi de 2 __AT STACK END -* zaJ | “eo || (0 INSIDE PLATE a TAP HOLE | | FIRE DOOR oO ij AT FIRE BOx @ z NORTH END INSIDE VIEW Fig. 3.—Sidewalls and Openings. tion for high class gray and chilled iron work, but its construction. differs materially from what is required in small casting practice where extremely hot iron must be had. The air furnace may not be the cheapest pro- ducer, for the cupola is far ahead on that score, but the inferior quality of castings made with a direct con- tact of fuel and metal more than offsets the greater cost *Read at the Cincinnati. ‘convention, ‘May, 1909, of the American Foundrymen’s Association. No time has been lost and the furnace is as good as ever. After an air furnace has been built I have always found it best to put in a slow fire, without any blast, for a few days. This slow fire dries out the walls and bungs, as well as the stack. Further, the side and buckle ) lates have a chance to become heated up and will not crack so easily afterward. The bungs may now be taken off and the silica sand bottom put in and baked hard. fn i So Es SARA TAD a a een e nnEC EE ETI a cnmemamnamnemnemenneasneneee Tic Ma I 3 ; June 10, 1909 4 | \ NAC j c ¢ ies 2 j ‘ : ma “eo = 40 ao; : : ° Sr T 9° ] BRIDGE-PLATE 2 | i} Rrad=J6 iain FLOOR LINE , Ctai3 ,o > Sie oc Ses td FLOOR LINE OF FURNACE eee HE ASH MOORS || (475 a) -4-10' > 64 a > PITCH 3g IN /12 ORIGINAL FLOOR LINE FLOOR LINEJOF FURNACE a gS a OIF aa BN ° o SN SRY S 182 SECTION CN D-D Fig. 4.—Back of. Furnace with Section Through Ash Pit Walls. Fig. 5.—Section at Tap, Showing Spouts, Side Walls and Bottom. I think we are all prone to be in a hurry to charge a new furnace. I can recall more than one instance where an ambitious foundryman lost his first heat and hurt several others because he charged before the fur- nace was properly dried out. Moreover, time was lost in getting the furnace back to its proper condition, be- sides the loss in production could not be made up. The sand used. for the bottom must bake well. I am a believer in getting the best that can be had, though, of course, foundrymen must be governed by their location and the adaptability of the local sands. I know of sev- BUNG COMPLETE vd ; “2 ; id a o . 14 “ \A & ’ "2 | ys gt -—— - ——- — oe —- ——- — 8g!" ‘ sw oral eheiitaree cal CAST IRON CENTER PIECE — TO LIFT BUNG| THE IRON AGE 1843 eral plants in which lake sand is used entirely and with good results. Old firebrick ground up and run through a No. 4 riddle, when mixed with sharp sand, will make an excellent bottom. Ground firebrick and fire clay mixed up for a daubing for side walls and spout, and to make the breast, give about the best results in that line. The same mixture is used for lining hand and bull ladles. Old grindstones, pulverized fine and rammed down hard, ; SECTION ON E-B Fig. 6.—Opening in, Rear of Stack for Cleaning Out Slag. make a furnace bottom that will stand for several weeks. There is no hard and fast rule for making the plates and stays of an air furnace. Some foundrymen make very large plates—6 to 8 ft. long and 5 ft. high. I know of one progressive malleable plant in which the plates are made in sections and are perforated. They are 3 to 4 ft. in length and 12 to 18 in. wide. After the plates are set and have been bolted to the buckle plates the walls are built to the proper hight. Next it is necessary to consider the openings over the bridge walls. This is a most important point, as on it depend the working of the furnace and the coal con- sumption. I have the opening over the front bridge wall at.18 in. center of bung and the back opening 6 in. center of bung. A water gauge records the blast pressure, END SHOE DRILL FOR 34 BORE WROUGHT IRON Fig. 7.—Details of Bungs. 1844 which with about 3 in. and the openings above mentioned gives me good results. A higher blast pressure melts more rapidly but cuts out walls and bungs faster. The grate should be at least 12 in. below the door, so that a bed can be carried from 12 to 16 in. in depth. The bungs for an air furnace are very much a matter of taste with the builder or foundryman. There are various styles in use. One has a single brick, or 9 in. Another takes a brick and a half, or 13 in., and still another two bricks, or 18 in. in width. The frame is made in various ways. The old style had rods running the entire length and could be tightened from both ends. The latest designs work better and have the tightening accomplished by means of set screws. These bungs rare- ly drop out, holding the brick well through the various phases of expansion and contraction. -It is further advisable to have a heavy sheet iron hood over the fire door, so that the smoke and fumes that blow out of it may be drawn off. This keeps the air clearer and healthy for the foundry—a benefit that will be appreciated by those most interested. Finally, I would recommend the use of a waste heat boiler in the stack, or back of the stack, with proper damper facilities to use boiler or furnace independently. I have used a 250-hp. Cahall boiler on a 12-ton air fur- nace with excellent results. Provision is made for a firebox on the boiler so that it can be fired while the furnace is being charged; in fact, until after the iron has begun to melt. After that time the blow-off valve of the boiler will be working and nedéds looking after. The accompanying cuts show details of construction of an air furnace of 15 tons capacity. ——. The Hubbell 3-8-In. Riveting Machine. Harvey Hubbell, Inc., Bridgeport, Conn., has added to its line of riveters a 3%-in. machine, which, while sim- ilar in principle to the small- er sizes, is much heavier and is designed for use on rivets up to and including 7-16 in. diameter. In a majority of lines of metal goods manu- facturing there is a demand for a device for riveting two or more parts on an article, and it is to supply this mar- ket that the Hubbell riveter has been brought out. A shaft driving a three-pointed star wheel engages a lifting block on an upright spindle, forcing it upward against spring pressure. The ham- mer at the end of the spindle strikes three blows to each revolution of the shaft, which is fitted with a friction ac- tuating a worm gear, thus giving a rotating blow to the hammer. By a simple adjust- ment the hammer will strike a nonrotating blow. The op- eration is governed by the foot and the strength of the blow and length of stroke can be regulated, permitting of a wide range of work. The output depends entirely upon the nature of the parts to be riveted. §¢-In. Hubbell Riveter. * —————d-oe___—__- W. G. Wilkins, engineer and architect, has completed the erection of a new coke plant for the Mount Pleasant Coke Company at Hecla, Westmoreland county, Pa. The company owns about 1000 acres of coking coal at this place, on which a new airshaft 290 ft. in depth was erected at the outset, also a stee] head frame, a bin having about 800 tons capacity, and a power plant in which the boilers will utilize the waste heat from about 50 of the 100 bee-hive coke ovens. It is probable more ovens will be built in the near future. THE IRON AGE June 10, 1909 The Hoefer Reaming Machine. Many special machines and devices have been de- signed and built by the Hoefer Mfg. Company, Freeport, Ill., for use in the manufacture of its line of drill presses. The reaming machine herewith illustrated is a new addi- tion and was designed to overcome the troubles the com- pany has encountered in the manufacture of spindle sleeves, pulleys and other parts of drill presses. It is difficult to obtain a true hole when reaming is done in a lathe or drill press, and this difficulty is augmented when the parts to be reamed have chambered holes, for then it is almost impossible to get the two ends of the hole to line up perfectly, even if a floating reamer is used. In this reaming machine the company has taken the base and column of one of its standard 16-in. drills, and to the base under the metal shield has fastened a special bracket which carries a crown gear and pinion transmitting the power from the pulleys to the spindle head, the drift hole of which is seen just below the cone pulley. Into this spindle head is placed a reamer shank having a No. 3 Morse taper. This ream- er shank carries an ad- justable shell reamer which can be adjusted so that a standard size hole is. maintained at all times, and ends just above the reamer in a small pilot which enters into the guiding arbor above it. This guiding arbor is held in the long ways of the rotating spindle carried by the column. On the back of the spindle is cut a rack in which the cross spin- dle operates through the wheel and lever shown. The pulleys and sleeves are drilled in a drill press with a special cutter bar which extends through the cored hole of the sleeve, into a revolving bushing in the base of the jig, and which has two double ended cutters placed about 1 in. apart, one cutter roughing, the other sizing it to about 0.010 in. under standard size. The guide bar in the reaming machine is ground to a sliding fit for the pulley or sleeve, while the reamer is 0.001 smaller than standard. In operating the machine, the guiding arbor is raised by the spindle and the pulley is slid onto it. The spindle is lowered until the guiding arbor engages the pilot on the reamer bar and with a slight pressure the operator forces the pulley over the reamer on the reamer shank beneath. Since the two bars, the one above and the shank beneath the reamer, quite closely fit the hole be- fore and after reaming, any error in the alignment of the hole is fully corrected. The upper and lower corners of the reamers are stoned off by a small oil stone and the result is a very smooth hole. It is claimed that the work turned out by the machine is very accurate, as it is al- most impossible to detect any variation with micrometers. This reaming is done by the drill press operator, near whose press this machine is placed, while another hole is being drilled. It is also stated that by this method of reaming it is found that a far better bearing is obtained in the pulleys and sleeves for the shafts and spindle. ———_>-@—___ The John Eichleay, Jr., Company, 8. §&., Pittsburgh, has received a contract for about 100 tons of structural steel for the three-story building to be erected for a St. Francis’ school, McKees Rocks, Pittsburgh. A Reaming Machine Built for Its Own Use by the Hoefer Mfg. Company. r June 10, 1909 The Lemley Friction Clutch. The accompanying engravings illustrate the Lemley friction clutch, the invention of F. J. Lemley, 142 West North avenue, Chicago, Ill., for whom it is manufactured by the W. H. Jones Foundry & Machine Company, 800 Noble street, of the same city. Fig. 1 shows a section of the clutch as applied to a pulley; Fig. 2 a section of a clutch applied in a shaft coupling, and Fig. 3 an ex- terior view of the clutch. The clutch has few parts and joints and is claimed to have a strong grip, with every part strong enough to retain the grip. The center plate or friction disk is shod with hard maple segments, which are riveted to each side of the disk, making a complete friction surface around the plate. The wood to iron contact for friction is considered to have many advantages. The iron surface will not wear or get out of shape, and as the wear is all in the blocks, a better contact is obtained. This results in a high coefficient of friction, low cost of repairs and no need for lubrication. When it is necessary to replace the wood segments the cap screws are taken out, while the friction plate is held in place. After the screws are Fig. 1.—Sectional View of a Lemley Clutch Pulley. removed the plate, which is split, can be taken out, and if the pulley is in the way it may be slid back to clear the plate. If the pulley cannot be moved the pins hold- ing the toggles to the hub C can be taken out, and then the front plate and sliding collar moved out of the way and the friction plate taken out. One operation equally adjusts all toggles. ‘The adjusting ring nut is threaded to fit the hub of the frouc friction plate. The ring nut is split and the bolt M clamps it to the hub of the fric- Fig. 2.—Sectional View of a Lemley Clutch Cut-off Coupling. THE IRON AGE 1845 A Lemley Clutch with Sleeve to Which a Pulley, Gear, Sheave or Sprocket Can Be Keyed. tion plate. In making the adjustment the nut M is loosened and the ring nut is turned to the left to tighten the clutch and to the right to release it. After making the adjustment the nut M is retightened. The springs shown in Fig. 2 separate the friction plates when the clutch is disengaged. The spring release is used to avoid a complicated and many jointed toggle arrangement. It is claimed that the springs will re- lease the friction plates regardless of the speed and that they do not cause lost motion, but that a toggle arrangement with many joints has always been responsi- ble for trouble in this respect. The clutch coupling illustrated in Fig. 2 is the same as the clutch in Fig. 1, except the front friction plate. This is made V-shape in order to center the shafts should they not be centered when the clutch is disen- gaged. The clutch in Fig. 3 is provided with a sleeve to which a pulley, gear, sheave or sprocket can be keyed or clamped, giving substantially the same sort of an outfit as that shown in Fig. 1. The clutch couplings are made in 10 sizes, capable of transmitting from 3 to 100 hp. at 100 rev. per min., and the clutch pulleys with from 18 to 72. in. diameter pulleys and various widths of face transmitting powers to correspond and ranging from 4 to 120 hp. ——————_»- A Record in Fan Building. An instance of what can be accomplished by a sales department and factory organization working in har- mony is afforded by a recent contract handled by the Buffalo Forge Company, Buffalo, N. Y. In connection with cold storage warehouses operated by the Pacific Fruit Express Company at Roseville and at Colton, Cal., eight large fans were required by the Pacific Engineer- ing Company, San Francisco. Each fan was to deliver 44,500 cu. ft. of cold air, against a pressure of 3 oz. per square inch, and to be of the full housing type, with bearings supported on concrete piers, the blast wheels overhung on the shaft, and with stuffing boxes on the fan housings to prevent the leakage of air. Although special in several particulars, the Buffalo Forge Company undertook to furnish these fans, each having 7-ft. wheels running at 380 rev. per min., and to ship four in 10 days and the balance 15 days later. As the entire shipment weighed 32,000 lb., the advantage in freight on account of shipping in one car would be con- siderable, and when the order was received by wire at the factory on April 19 it was decided to make a special effort to complete the eight fans in the time promised for the first four. Shop drawings were not started until receipt of the order, but preliminary notice was sent to the factory, and by the time the prints were received by the various departments on April 20 much of the mate- rial was ready. On the night of April 30, the tenth day after the order was received, the eight fans, with shafts, pulleys and outboard bearings, were loaded on a 42-ft. gondola and ready to start. 1846 THE IRON AGE June 10, 1909 TURBO BLOWERS. Progress in Germany with Turbine Driven Rotary Air Compressors for Blast Furnace Service. BY C. BEGENBOGEN,. To obtain compressed air (other than in low pressure fan work) it was the practice until recently to employ reciprocating compressors. The application of rotating machines to compressor work became possible with the advent of steam turbines and high speed electric motors, with their high peripheral velocities. The first practical rotary air compressor was built by Rateau in 1906, and is interesting because, in addition to being a turbo compres- sor, it is driven by an exhaust steam turbine taking waste steam from reciprocating engines. This compresser de- iivers air at 105 Ib. pressure, and has been in constant service since 1906. The compressor proper was built in four separate stages, with intercoolers between them, and consisted of two separate machines, each having a low pressure turbine and two stages of the compressor on its shaft. In addition, one side of the machine was equipped with a high pressure turbine, so arranged that in the absence of exhaust steam it could take high pres- sure steam and expand it through the low pressure tur- anal «SH | » ATMOSPHERES >»! .- 2646 | ATMOSPHERES 4 eeettencliggmatyn sii le it Fig. 1.—Theoretical Indicator Card for a Two-Stage Compressor, bine on the adjoining shaft. This machine under test in the works of Sautter & Harle, in Paris, delivered 3150 cu. ft. of free air per minute at a discharge pressure of 105 lb. gauge when running at 5000 rev. per min. Important Considerations in Comparing Turbo and Reciprocating Compressors, One often finds in test reports of air compressors the expression “ mechanical efficiency.” This is the ratio of the diagram areas of the air and steam cylinders. Since compression in an air cylinder takes place along a line between the isothermal and adiabatic, it is natural that this efficiency is considerably higher than if it were referred to the work of isothermal compression, inasmuch as it takes into account only the loss between the two cylinders. In turbo compressors it is impossible to determine this efficiency. because it is impossible to take indicator cards from either the driving or driven machine. To compare the relative efficien- cies of reciprocating and rotating compres- sors, it is necessary first to define an effi- ciency which will be equally applicable to both cases and which will serve as a basis for comparison. The best solution of the problem is considered the one that refers efficiency to isothermal compression, be- cause this is the ideal to which our efforts are directed, and represents the minimum work that must be expended in compressing air (provided one does not codl below suc- tion temperature). Only in cases where low discharge pressures prevail and no intercooling or jacketing is pro- vided, in which cases compression follows almost exactly A paper presented before the German Blast Furnace Asso- ciation on ae 8, 1908. Translated from Stahl und Eisen, November 25, 908. along the adiabatic, can one refer to adiabatic compres- sion. A misunderstanding is impossible in either case if one definitely states the basis adopted. Attention is called to another possible error. The thermal efficiency of an air compressing machine is de- L198" Fai a ee aa Fig. 2.—-Nozzle with Orifice for Measuring Air Discharge Used at - Rothe Erde. termined by the relation between the heat energy repre- sented in the compression cycle and the heat energy ac- tually absorbed in the driving machine. A reciprocating engine works at its highest efficiency with a vacuum of say 25.5 in., while a turbine performs to best advantage at 28.5 and higher vacuum. In comparing the two types of machines on a thermal basis, one must unquestionably take the lower vacuum limit as a basis, as in exceptional cases a reciprocating engine referred to 25.5 in. might give a higher thermal efficiency than a turbine referred to 28.5 in.; this would not be fair, as the turbine makes possible the obtaining of the remaining heat energy in the steam (between 25.5 and 28.5 in. vacuum), while in an engine this is a direct loss.* To avoid all possible error in determining the relative merits of the two systems, it is necessary to consider the question on the basis of production. costs, which consist of steam consumption, cost of installation, depreciation, interest, upkeep, attendance, lubrication, relative con- denser requirements, &c. Another source of difficulty arises in determining the air quantity discharged by the two types of machines. Here enters an uncertainty of the accuracy of the results given in published tests of Fig. 3.—Compound Arrangement of Orifices for Air Measurement, Rateau. reciprocating machines. It is pertinent at this point to go into the customary Methods Employed in Measuring Air Quantities, in order to later explain the methods that have to be pursued in establishing air quantities discharged by turbo compressors. * Note by Translator.—It is well known that the thermal efficiency (Rankine Clasius cycle) of steam engines is highest noncondensing or on back pressure. ee eS nn EINE ee I AIC Ae et A TELIA LDL LE LE NADDE A LOAN. — neta eee cslanmmabiaain lane June 10, 1909 cd Fig. 1 represents an air diagram. The relation —— gives the volumetric efficiency which, multiplied by the piston area and number of revolutions per unit of time, gives an approximation of the volume delivered. It is only approximate because it depends upon the tightness of the valve gear and the time of its opening and closing with respect to the piston travel, as well as upon the in- fluence of the heating through the inlet valves and cylin- der walls and the mixing of the free air drawn in with the air of the clearance space, &c. Inaccuracies are in- Fig. 4.—Gutehoffnungshiitte. THE IRON AGE 1847 quite definite, and for every size of orifice there corre- sponds a certain definite air quantity for every initial pressure. If it is impractical to allow the air to escape or if a high enough drop in pressure cannot be obtained, it is still possible to measure air velocities through ori- fices. By introducing a throat or orifice in the path of an air flow and measuring the pressure difference on either side of it, the velocity through the orifice can be calculated by the formula v dew it 2. 29 PD, from which, when the orifice size is known, the air a tity is determined in the simplest way. ® - a! — B * a = \2 — 3 ; —_@ " bib z a ' <--—-- . i ° 6 ” mH 5 2 | - + So ‘| | z - — ° ® vd | z | 9 © oO ° we " —] REGULATOR | _ Fig. 5.—Brown, Boveri & Co. Pressure Regulators. AIR PRESSURE ITI y Wa al) — DISCHARGE VALVE INLET VALVE Fig. 6.—Arrangement for Testing Tightness