The Iron Age 1908-11-26: Vol 82 Iss 22

IRON AGE Published every Thursday Morning by David Williams Co. 14-16 Park Place, New York. Vol. 82: No. 22. New York, Thursday, November 26, 1908. 33-09. S ont; ‘psluding Postage Reading Matter Contents........ page 1576 Alphabetical Index to Advertisers ‘‘ 186 Classified List of Advertisers i 176 Advertising and Subscription Rates ‘‘ 1591 REED F. BLAIR & CO. PRICK BUILDING, PITTSBURG, PA. STANDARD CONNEBLSVILLB COKE FPOUNDRY FURNACB CRUSHED t il Quality is the chief re- quisite in Big Game Cart- ridges. Every shot must count. For that reason hunters are particu lar to specify U. M. C. Cartridges. The American Revolver Team won the World’s Championship at the Olympic Matches, shooting U.M.C, Cartridges. The British Team fin- ishing third, also used them. Sel Quality Cartridges — U. M. C. Game season soon O Are you teckel ? The Original and only Genuine ‘* STILLSON WRENCH ”’ is manufactured by WALWORTH MFG. CO., Boston, U.S. A. And bears their registered Trade-Mark | | BRISTOL’S PATENT STEEL BELT —— Union Metallic Cartridge Company AGENOY, 818 BROADWAY, NEW YORK BRIDGEPORT, CONN. | The Bristol Company, Waterbury, Ct. WATER TUBE he Siitennalt a Wilcox Co.. Samson Spot Cord ||BOILERS 2. page 52088 eT Stnee will last three to forty times as long as common cords. ASK WHY Samsen Cordage Works, Boston, Mass. No Dang er of In ju rin g a NBUCKLES he Horse’s Hoof or Foot Cleveland City Forge and Iron Co. Cleveland, 0. because of dull points or weak blades! No danger of nails TURNBUOCHISES breaking! No danger of nails splitting, when “Cape- ga iad oc well” Nails are used in shoeing your horses. New York, N. Y. MADE BY Mill Cinder The Capewell Horse Nail Company Real Estate Trust Bidg, , Phila Pilling & Crane ss232,"%:.7" Hartford, Conn. PUREE G S UEGNG sects Big. New Yee TAPES OFAN —>«: RULES ARE THE BEST IN THE WORLD THE LUFKIN RULE OO., Saginaw, Mich.. U.8. A. New York London, Eng. Windsor, Can, On el ee — Jenkins Bros. Valves are made in Brass or Iron in a variety of types and sizes to meet every condition of service. Standard Pattern, for ordinary pressures, Extra Heavy Pattern, for high press- ures. Madeofnewsteam metal; high grade workmanship}; interchangeable parts. All genuine bear Trade Mark. Catalog? JENKINS BROS., New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago % f > 7 ena Ta Fe WHEN USING GALVANIZED IRON demand “apse Bc” | “Tt” allel Se a Sagi The better your iron—the less your wage (Water and Rail Delivery) BRIpesPort, Conn ' MAGNOLIA ,,*™,, METAL “APOLLO” does the work. The Standard Babbitt of the World AMERICAN We manufacture everything in the Babbitt Line. MAGNOLIA METAL CO. oe een heme SHEET AND TIN PLATE New York: 115 Bank St. Chicago: Fisher Building. Montreal: 31 St. Nicholas St. COMPANY Frick Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. See our Ad. on page 17 FOLLANSBEE 5 ARE FAVORED BY CONSUMERS BECAUSE the material is carefully made for each special purpose. It is a case of START RIGHT, STAY RIGHT, FINISH RIGHT. The analysis is right, the finished surface is right, the annealing is right and if the sheets are treated right they work right. The manufactured goods look right and there is a big saving in wear and tear of tools anddies. The exceedingly small pile of broken or spoiled pieces is also a source of satisfaction FOLLANSBEE BROTHERS COMPANY TEEL SHEETS THE IRON AGE ET BRASS |"... =timinoitc Sheet and Roll Brass, Wire, COPPER‘ |e es Rolling Mill Factories Thomaston, Conn. Waterbary, Conn. GERMAN (foo sittin I aati SILVER wre | ANTIMONY ‘*‘A. S. P.’? Brand LOW BRASS, SHEET BRONZE, (English Star) SEAMLESS BRASS AND COPPER |¢. w. Leavitt @ Co., Agents ciaeaeian een TUBING, BRAZED BRASS AND SCOVILL MFG. CO. BRONZE TUBING: +: +: : : en Manufacturers of BRASS, GERMAN SILVER, Waterbury Brass Co. Sheets, Rolly, Wire, and WATERBURY, CONN. 99 John St., New York. Providence, R. 1. Bridgeport Deoxidized Bronze & Metal Co. BRIDGEPORT, CONN. Brass Shells, Cups, Hinges, Buttons, Lamp Goods, Spectal Brass Goods to Order. Factories WATERBURY, CONN. Depots: NEW YORK CHICAGO BOSTON SARS SOTO Phosphor and Deoxidized |HenrySoutherEngineeringCo. PITTSBURGH Bronze HARTPORD, CONN. Composition, Yellow Brass and Alumi-| Consulting Chemists, Metallur- num Castings, large and smail gists and Analysts. Complete Physica! Testing Laboratory. Expert Testimony in Court and Patent Cases, Arthur 1. Rutter & Co, 256 Broadway, NEW YORK. Matthiessen & Hegeler Zinc Co. La Salle, Illinois. SMELTERS OF SPELTER SHEET ZINC AND SULPHURIC ACID Special Sizes of Zinc cut to order. Rolled Battery Plates. Selected Plates for Etchers and Lithographers’ use. Selected Sheets for Paper and Card Makers’ use. Stove and Washboard Blanks. Small tubing in Brass, Copper, Steel, Aluminum, German Silver, &c. Sheet Brass, Copper and Ger- man Silver. Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire. Brazed and Seamless B1iass and Copper Tube. Prien nan gsc agen respec cnigammampasaaaaes Sl Copper and Brass Rod. GERMAN SILVER a2 “PHONO-ELECTRIC” WiIRK. “It's ToucH,” TROLLEY, TELEPHONE and ZINCS FOR LECLANCHE BATTERY. In Sheet, Wire, Rods, Blanks and Shells NICKEL ANODES BRASS, BRONZE, COPPER in all forms TELEGRAPH \ THE SEYMOUR MFG. CO., Seymour, Conn. 7 SSS gE, LINES. HENDRICKS BROTHERS Mitts BRIDGEPORT BRASS COMPANY Bridgep ‘ostal Tel ph Bldg. Manufacturers of Conn. Broadway and Meray St., Sow York. Sheet ana Bar Copper, Copper Fire Box Plates and Staybolts, Wire and Braziers Rivets PHOSPHOR-BRONZE cubbidmadiaantesin GERMAN SILVER Ingot C , BI 4 : a ee Fee: THE RIVERSIDE RIVERSIDE, N. J. 49 CLIFF STREET - NEW YORK THE IRON AGE New York, Thursday, November 26, 1908. The Bullard 24-In. Vertical Turret Lathe. While generally similar to the 36-in. machine described in The Iron Age October 3, 1907, the 24-in. rapid pro- duction vertical turret lathe of the Bullard Machine Tool Company, Bridgeport, Conn., contains some new features and minor changes. On work within its range the new machine, two views of which are given in Figs. 1 and 2, has proved much faster in operation and consequently an even greater producer. Its new points as compared with the 36-in. machine previously described include an im- proved type of friction engaging mechanism which per- mits of individual adjustment; this friction is incor- porated in the speed box, side head feed works and power traverse mechanisms. The bed construction is massive; Details of the new friction mechanism are given in Fig. 3, which shows unassembled speed box parts, and in Fig. 4, which gives a section through the speed box. In the former illustration the four gears mounted on a shaft are the friction gears; the single gear contains the fric- tion spider which is keyed to the shaft, and also the friction and the friction expanding mechanism, which con- sists of a chrome steel lever. Springs which have pre viously constituted a part of the friction mechanism have been discarded, because they have not proved entirely satisfactory. The adjustment for each individual friction is shown in Fig. 4. As in the 36-in. machine the driving pulley shaft extends through the machine to the speed box. The continuation of the main driving shaft is shown at a. Keyed to it is a nest of five gears in mesh with a cone of five gears loose on the hollow shaft 0b Fig. 1.--Three-Quarter Front View. -Three-Quarter Rear View, Fig. 2. The 24-In. Vertical Turret Lathe Built by the Bullard Machine Tool Company, Bridgeport, Conn. there are narrow guide bearings for all sliding parts; the cross and side rails constitute a unit guided upon one continuous narrow bearing, serving to maintain positive alignment. The rapid traverse attachment is a valuable adjunct of the machine as it saves time and the con- siderable effort usually required to move a head in which the gibs have been properly adjusted to prevent chatter and vibration of the parts. An important feature is the center stop construction which permits disengaging the center stop, allowing the main head to cut beyond the center and machine surfaces to the left of the center. The method of locking the side head is an innovation. In the 36-in. machine shown previously, a stud was used having a coarse pitch thread on the end seated in the slide, which was used to raise the turret from its locking seat after the movement of the lever had released the binding pressure of the finer thread at the outer end of the stud. The turret of the 24-in. machine is forced away from its seat by a spring, the binding pressure be- ing applied by the cam on the lever. Very careful atten- tion was given to lubrication in designing the new ma- chine, the gears and bearings being flooded to an even greater extent than in its predecessor. and engaged by the frictions as required ; it is impossible to engage more than one at a time. The feeds are thrown in by means of the rack rod c in the shaft b. As in the 36-in. machine the rack rod is reciprocated by a pinion meshing with it and mounted on the rod carrying the pilot wheel. The brake d operates when this rod is swung into vertical position, which causes an internal friction ring to expand. Between the ends of the ring is a key with a projecting lug engaging a corresponding projection mounted as a collar on the casting containing the bearings of the clutch operating mechanism. The five changes of speed in the gear box are multiplied to 15 by a cone of three gears in the head- stock which are engaged with their shaft by diving keys. For the benefit of those not already familiar with the operation of the machine, the various levers and handles are lettered in Fig. 1, that their functions may be ex- plained. The 15 changes of speed are divided in the headstock into three series—slow, medium and fast—and each is again divided by the speed box into five speeds, the exact number of table revolutions of each being shown on the indicator. The pilot wheel A controls the changes THE in the speed box, each spoke indicating one speed which is engaged when that spoke is in the vertical position. The lever B is operated by lifting, and can be used only when the frictions are disengaged and the pilot wheel spokes are in neutral position. The lever C operates the positive clutches in the headstock, and has three posi- tions indicating the series of speeds. It is impossible to change from one series to another unless the speed box is disengaged and the brake is set. ‘The interlocking disk and yoke D prevents moving at one time more than one lever or handle controlling the speed changing, thereby safeguarding the driving mechanism. The number of revolutions of the table per minute is indicated by figures on the arms of the interlocking disk on the speed box hand wheel rod, the speed set being that with which the arrow on the notched disk on the rod controlling the ratios of reduction gearing coincides. The feed works are independent for each head, the changes being made by turning the knob E until the end of the rack coincides with the mark indicating the de- sired feed. There are two feeds for each mark on the index, this change being made by the clutch rod F. The feeds are engaged or disengaged by the drop worm lever G and this lever also makes the change from vertical to cross feed and vice versa on the vertical head. The webs of the worm gears are held between two adjustable fric- tion plates keyed to the rod and screw, which forms a safety device in case of accidental collision of the heads. The change in the direction of feed is made by the lever H at the rear of the feed works. The sidehead feeds are identical with those of the vertical head except that they are engaged and disengaged by a horizontal movement of the lever K. When in the extreme inward position the vertical feed is engaged and when moved to an extreme outward position the cross feed is engaged. The neutral position of the lever permits rapid hand movements of the side head and slide by crank handles fitting the squared rods L. Micrometer index dials are adjustably mounted on each feed rod, and indicator clips numbered to corre- spond with the faces of turrets, may be set to reproduce various diameters and depths of holes. The use of these clips, shown in Fig. 5, results in a considerable saving SY oO & END ELEVATION IRON AGE November 26, 1908 - ; 7 | aa! 1 3 ’ | Waaaanaae # HORTON EO Tera TUetT ttt Fig. 5.—Detail of the Thread-Cutting Attachment; Also Shows Indicator Clips. of time when work of various sizes is to be reproduced. The vertical head is equipped with power rapid trav- erse device controlled by key handles M, the upper handle for the vertical slide and the lower handle for the move- ment of the head on the rail. Indicator plates show the resultant movement for each position of the handles. Binder handles N are set when it is desired to lock the saddle or slide stationary. The turret binder is at O and the lock pin lever at P. For the side head turret the LONGITUDINAL SECTION Fig. 4.—End Elevation and Section Through Speed Box, Giving Details of the Brake Friction. handle Q acts as both binder and lock. The vertical head may be swiveled by first releasing the binder bolts R in the swivel plate and moving the head until the re- quired angle is indicated on the graduations. The cross and side rails constitute a unit that may be raised and lowered by the hand wheel S. Should it be necessary to move the main turret head beyond the center an addi- tional movement may be obtained by revolving the knurled handle U which throws the stop block out of en- gagement. The manner of gibbing the vertical slide, with taper gibs back and front, and the solid locks of the saddle serve to maintain the correct alignment of the turret holes and the center of the table spindle. The adjust- ment of the back taper gibs provides for taking up wear incidental to the use of this slide, which is necessary if the turret is to continue boring accurate holes. ————~—+- oe Autogenous Welding by the Oxy-Acetylene Flame.* BY EUGENE BOURNONVILLE.t Autogenous welding is the uniting by fusion of metals of the same nature at high temperature without the inter- vention of a different metal as is done in soldering or brazing. This welding is accomplished by means of a blow pipe, known as the oxy-acetylene torch. The high temperature of the oxy-acetylene flame was discovered by Le Chatelier in 1895. In a note to the Academy of Sciences he presented his calculations, showing that with an equal volume of oxygen acetylene would give a tem- perature of about 4000 degrees C., or 7200 degrees F., which is 1000 degrees C. or 1800 degrees F. greater than the temperature of the oxy-hydrogen flame. The first experiments were greatly impeded by flash back caused by rapid propagation of the flame, and it was not until 1901 that a practical torch was obtained. This torch was developed by Fouche and Picard, both en- gineers of the French Company, Acetylene Dissous, and their success was due largely to the use of compressed acetylene, but even then they had to carburet the acety- lene with gasoline, and still better results were obtained when the acetylene was mixed with ether to prevent the flame flashing back. This apparatus was shown by F4d- mond Fouche at the Société des Anciens Eleves des Eccles des Arts et Metiers November 3, 1901, then to the French Society of Physics December 6, 1901. On March 2, 1902, Fouche exhibited a high pressure torch to the Professional Syndicate of the Academy, using only pure acetylene mixed with oxygen. It was not until near the close of 1903 that Fouche was able to construct what is known as the low pressure torch. Since the disclosure of Le Chatelier and the inven- tions of Fouche and Picard, many attempts have been made to improve upon their designs. The greatest suc- cess appears to have been attained by the invention of Camille Rodrigue-Ely and Emile Gauthier of the firm of A, Boas, Rodrigues & Co., Paris, France, the United States patents on which were purchased by the Davis- Bournonville Company. So far as is known the first oxy-acetylene torch to be used in the United States was sent to the writer by Fouche while he was still experimenting, and with this torch he was successful in weiding copper and steel with- out the use of any flux. There are three distinct types of oxy-acetylene torches: High, low and medium pressure. The high pressure torch can be used only with both the acetylene and oxygen under pressure, and the apparatus must be provided with positive check valves to prevent the gas of one container going into the other, in case the tip of the torch becomes obstructed by molten metal or other- wise. Because of flash backs in these high pressure torches they have become so heated in several instances that portions of the torch have been melted. Another defect of the high pressure torch is that both the gases being under very high pressure they issue from the tip ee “paper read before the ‘Technology ‘Club ‘of Syracuse, N. Y., November 17, y } Vice- president - “ae Davis-Bournonville Company, New ork. November 26, 1908 THE IRON AGE 1507 with great force and it requires an expert to make a weld without blowing away the molten metal. The advantage of the high pressure torch is that both gases being under pressure the operator has perfect control of the mixture for the fiame, being able to add to or reduce the volume of either gas as required to obtain a perfect flame. The low pressure torch is used with the oxygen under pressure while the acetylene is taken from an ordinary lighting generator in which the pressure is slight. In this torch the gas is mixed by injection, the acetylene being drawn from a surrounding chamber into the mixing chamber by the velocity of the oxygen passing through it. As there is no means in this torch to force the acety- lene the operator must depend entirely upon injection to secure the mixture. As the proper mixture is 1 part of acetylene to 1.28 parts of oxygen, and the mixture by the injector being uncertain, a perfect flame is difficult to obtain, and almost invariably there is too much oxygen and the weld is oxidized. The medium pressure torch was devised to remedy so far as is possible the defects of the other two types. This torch is constructed very much on the style of the low pressure torch except that the mixing of the gases is accomplished entirely in the ndzzle or tip. This ar- rangement enables the operator, by simply changing the tip of the torch, to change the whole combination and to obtain the flame best adapted for the thickness of the metal to be welded, without changing the torch itself. An advantage which this torch has over the high pressure torch is that the mixing chamber and the aperture through the torch tip is about six times larger than the injector through which the oxygen is introduced at i5 Ib. pres- sure, and consequently the blowing force of the flame is not half that of the same size high pressure torch. In case of flash back the flame cannot extend beyond the injector tip, therefore there is no injurious effect on the torch itself. The advantage over the low pressure torch, in addition to changing the size of the flame without changing the torch, is that this torch does not depend upon the injector for the proper mixing of acetylene, but both gases being under medium pressure the flame can be adjusted exactly to requirements. The flow of gas for a low pressure torch to give a stable flame must have a velocity of not less than 328 ft. per second. For the reasons stated the medium pressure torch is the ideal one for autogenous welding and the field for its application in metal working is almost unlimited. The following table converted from metric to English measures from the Bulletin Technologique, September, 1907, will be found of value in making comparisons of the various gases which can be used in autogenous weld- ing: Oxygen Oxygen Oxygen and and and acetylene. hydrogen. coal gas. B.t.u. obtained by complete combustion ORS Cb Te Es hicilc is devaus 1,572 292 618 Cubic feet of pure oxygen theoretically ; required for the perfect combustion ee EO Cre 2.51 0.62 0.923 Cubic feet of oxygen required for 1 cu. ft. of gas to obtain the best welding flame (from practical test made)... 1.3 0.25 0.67 Cu. ft. of- gases) required to ob- oa .0.594 Hydrogen.3.428 Gas.....1.62 tain 1000 B.t.u. } Oxygen...0.773 Oxygen. ..0.857 Oxygen . 1,08 with a wer torch. ——_o-e____—_— The Engineers’ Society of Western Pennsylvania made an inspection November 21 of the completed filtration works at Aspinwall, near Pittsburgh, built to supply that city with pure filtered water, and said to be the largest single filtration plant in the world. The pump house is equipped with four centrifugal pumps, having a com- bined capacity of 220,000 gal. per day, and three D’Auria pumps for cleaning and transporting the filter sand, ca- pacity 13,000,000 gal. The three sedimentation basins have a capacity of 120,000,000 gal. The filtered water reservoir covers 6 acres, capacity 50,000,000 gal. The 46 filter beds are each 1 acre in extent and 10 additional beds are being constructed. This is the only slow sand filter in this country using mechanical means for hand- ling the filter sand. An illustrated description of this plant was printed in The Iron Age of September 3. = cae se. . i cl Sunt ee ethan ot eee THE IRON AGE November 26, The National Founders’ Association. Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Convention. President Briggs Resigns. The twelfth annual convention of the National Found- ers’ Association held at the Hotel Astor, New York, No- vember 18 and 19, differed from most of its predecessors in the absence of any protracted discussion of questions of association policy or of shop management. The mem- bership is now well seasoned in its work, and apparently single minded on the questions that have been threshed cut in the past 10 years, while any new phases of these questions that come up are committed to the administra- tive council to be handled as its judgment may dictate. The important development of last week’s convention was the resignation of President O. P. Briggs, who as com- missioner for two years and then as president for three years, has been so large a constructive and administrative factor in the affairs of the organization. His successor, Henry A. Carpenter, Providence, R. I., has long been a popular and influential officer of the association and is thoroughly representative of its policies. President's Report. The president, O. P. Briggs, in the introductory por- tion of his report referred to the depression from which the foundry interest, in common with all business, had suffered in the past year. In years past such a depres- sion had always been marked by labor troubles, due to reductions in wages and the enforcement of conditions obnoxious to unions. The entire absence of labor difficul- ties affecting members of the association in the past sea- son, the president regarded as a phenomenal record. This condition he attributed to the 12 years of association operations which had been most beneficial in broadening the ideas of employers, inspiring confidence in each other, and modifying opinion formerly prevalent which had led to excessive wage reductions in times of slack business. While existing conditions might seem to point to a period of peace in the future, those who had most closely studied the tendencies of the past 12 months could see some danger signals which need to be heeded. The presi- dent urged the most thoughtful attention to the ques- tions which would come before the convention, more par- ticularly those relating to legislation. THE CRIMINAL SIDE OF MOLDERS’ STRIKES. Recent developments, the report went on, demand the presentation in the present report of facts concerning lawlessness, coercion and intimidation by the Iron Mold- ers’ Union, which had not been emphasized previously. Such a statement is especially called for in view of the activity of the Chief Executive of the United States rela- tive to cases before the judiciary in connection with labor troubles. “The condition at the present time is such as to cause every employer of labor to put forth his very best energies in considering ways and means to be adopted in opposing the antiinjunction demands of the American Federation of Labor in which the Iron Mold- ers’ Union is a most important factor.” The officers of the association have prepared a review of the acts of violence, intimidation and murder growing out of strikes in the foundries represented in the associa- tion. This is to be put in pamphlet form, and will be distributed in due time. As to the character of this rec- ord, the president said: This review will be compiled in circular form and may be had upon application to the secretary. It will portray an extended history of riot, bloodshed, violence and murder perpretrated by the Iron Molders’ Union, which is second only to the reign of terror in the territory of the Western Federation of Miners, and in proportion to the number of men involved exceeds in magnitude the criminal practices unearthed by the historic Anthracite Coal Strike Commis- sion of 1902. : This review will contain 32 affidavits made by non- union men and others attacked during the Utica molders’ strike of 1904, upon which affidavits an injunction was issued in that city. Digests of these affidavits will be re- produced in this circular for the purpose of exhibiting the character of intimidation and insult heaped upon indepen- dent workmen or those who did not see fit to join the union. They are fairly characteristic of the actions of this union in all other strikes reported. We could produce an endiess chain of evidence of this nature. This condition continued in the important strikes fol- lowing that at Utica, notably at Worcester, Cincinnati, St. Louis, Racine, Minneapolis and Philadelphia, culminating in 1906 in a similar reign of terror established in 12 of the principal cities of the United States. ‘This terrorizing by the Iron Molders’ Union continued until the establishmert of the secret service of our association, by means of which many men schooled in the criminality of this union were landed in jail and injunctions were secured, which were the only possible protection, outside of the militia, for the lives of workmen and the property of our members. The gigantic strike of the Iron Molders’ Union of 1906 for the purpose of forcing the strictly closed shop upon the foundrymen of this country was finally centered in the city of Milwaukee, where the union directed those of its officials most schooled in all the ramifications of its criminal record to leave no stone unturned to bring the proprietors to time. Even this partial review of the lawlessness of these strikes shows 227 affidavits to various forms of violence, 14 injunctions granted, 48 cases of contempt of court, with 23 convictions, 18 of which came from the city of Milwaukee alone. THE MILWAUKEE INJUNCTION CASES. President Briggs then passed to a review of the in- junction cases growing out of the molders’ strike at Mil- waukee in 1906. The original injunction issued by Judge Quarles, September 24, 1906, was dissolved upon applica- tion of the union. Immediately rioting was renewed and continued until May 20, 1907, when it became imperative to take decisive steps. Extensive hearings were granted the union leaders and the outcome of these hearings President Briggs desired to have emphasized most strong- ly, since the President of the United States had taken a hand in the case, in opposition to the interests of the foundrymen. The picketing in Milwaukee, as in other cases with which the association has had to deal, could not be construed, the report said, as in any sense peace- ful. As Judge McPherson of Iowa, in a recent decision remarked: “ There can be no such thing as peaceful pick- eting any more than there can be chaste vulgarity, peace- ful mobbing or lawful lynching.” The situation in Mil- waukee when the injunction was issued against the molders was like that in the anthracite region, which was thus referred to in the report of the Anthracite Coal Strike Commission: “It is admitted that this disorder and lawlessness was incident to the strike. Its history is stained with a record of riot and bloodshed.” Among the injunctions secured at Milwaukee was one for ‘tthe protection of ‘the Allis-Chalmers Company. This case was appealed by the union to the United States Cir- cuit Court of Appeals at Chicago. Soon after the appeal was taken information came to the officers of the National Founders’ Association “ that the President of the United States and his Secretary of War had taken an interest in the case; that they had at the personal solicitation of an officer of the Iron Molders’ Union, Limself a violator of an injunction, selected an attorney for the purpose of as- sisting that union in defeating this injunction; that the President and his Secretary of War had committed them- selves on an ex parte hearing, with no knowledge what- ever of the details, to the contention of the union that the injunction was wrong, too far reaching and must be modi- fied. We were informed that these gentlemen both had expressed themselves freely upon this point and volua- teered to become actively interested in securing a dissolu- tion of the injunction or its modification.” Continuing, President Briggs said that he discredited the statements when first brought to him, believing that for the President of the United States and his Secretary of War to become parties to such an undertaking was be- neath their dignity as well as an insult to the judiciary. The fact was, however, that on October 8, 1908, less than a ~ THE November 26, 1908 month before the national election, the United States Court of Appeals modified the Allis-Chalmers injunction most materially. It was a fact that on October 26 the President of the United States gave to the newspapers a letter of October 19 he had written to P. H. Grace, a member of the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, Bing- hamton, N. Y. In this letter, which President Briggs’s report quotes in full, the President told of a call at the White House in the fall of 1907, of the editor of the Jron Molders’ Journal, who directed the President’s attention to the injunction in the Allis-Chalmers case, representing that it was so sweeping that it practically forbade the union from making any effort, no matter how peaceful and proper, to maintain its position in the strike. At some length the President’s letter detailed the summon- ing of the Secretary of War to the interview, the result of which was that at the Secretary’s suggestion the union retained F. N. Judson of St. Louis, the author of the re- view of the labor decisions of Judge Taft published in the Review of Reviews in 1907, to represent it before the United States Court of Appeals at Chicago. Secretary Taft at the interview, the President’s letter said, showed indignation that such an injunction had been issued, say- ing that the position taken by the court was clearly un- tenable. He added that the decision of the Court of Ap- peals ought certainly to be in favor of the union. The President’s letter to P. H. Grace continued: The decision of the Court (of Appeals) was handed down in Chicago on the 8th day of this month (October, 1908), and it justifies Judge Taft’s wisdom, for it sustains the most important contentions of the labor unions. The Court holds that while under the facts of the case the company was entitled to some injunctive relief, the decree went far beyond the proper limits. It struck out of the decree all of the provisions which prevented peaceful picketing, or the exercise of the right of persuasion in inducing employees to join the strike, and all reference to boy- cotting, on the ground that there was no boycott, as the mem- bers of the union had a right to refuse to handle struck work— that is, the work from a factory where they were on a strike— wherever they found it. The opinion is important, especially as showing that much can now be accomplished in getting the courts to correct abuses against employees in the exercise of the power of injunction if such abuses are in effective form brought to their attention, as, thanks to Judge Taft, they were brought in this case. A SERIOUS CONDITION AT MILWAUKEE. Passing to consider the effect of this modification of the Milwaukee injunction, and the claims which the Presi- dent of the United States made for Judge Taft, Presi- dent Briggs referred to the situation in Milwaukee. Up to 1900 that city was considered the best in the Western States for manufacturing interests, both from the stand- point of the manufacturer and the workingman. Mil- lions of dollars were expended in Milwaukee, due to the amicable labor conditions, money which would have been expended in Chicago, but for the deplorable situation there. What has happened in Milwaukee is indicated by the rapid growth of socialism. In 1900 the Socialist vote amounted to less than 5000. In 1902 it was about 10,500. In 1906 the Socialist party polled a vote of over 17,000, and came very near electing men to the most important positions in the municipality. A HISTORY OF VIOLENCE. The record of the Iron Molders’ Union in the use of threats, assault and murder in its strikes were considered at some length in the report as indicating the kind of a labor union in behalf of which the Chief Executive and his Secretary of War had interested themselves. Par- ticular attention was called to the Cincinnati strike, with its record of murder and attempts to dynamite molds in the foundries of members of the association. An incident of that strike to which publicity has not been given here- tofore was detailed in the report as indicating the con- trol over violence and intimidation by the officers of the Iron Molders’ Union. In one instance, in which the union’s officers had asked for one more visit from Presi- dent Briggs, then commissioner of the National Founders’ Association, it was insisted by the association that mean- time violence should cease and the mob should leave the streets. This was ugreed to by the president of the Iron Molders’ Union, and the violence did stop and the gather- ings of men in the streets ceased—this being brought about within a few hours after the agreement for a truce IRON AGE 1509 had been made. In the conference that ensued, in which the president of the Iron Molders’ Union refused to re- cede in any particular from his previous contention, “ he spoke most boastfully of his ability to quiet this entire mob, cause the violence to cease, and maintain law and order in Cincinnati during this truce. Now, gentlemen, I ask you, is there a man in this audience in the face of these facts who can claim for one moment that it was not within the power of the Iron Molders’ Union through its officers to maintain law and order in Cincinnati if they had been so disposed?” NO INJUNCTIONS WITHOUT HEARINGS. Referring again to the Milwaukee strike in which the union concentrated its efforts and in which there was the greatest violence, the report dwelt particularly upon the following features of the judicial proceedings there fol- lowing the application for injunctions made by the Allis- Chalmers Company : That all the demands of the labor agitators in clamor- ing for hearings before injunctions should be issued, were fully granted them. That a hearing lasting several days was given them by Judge Quarles before the temporary injunction was issued. Upon a further hearing, the injunction was dissolved with a severe reprimand to the strikers from the judge. Subse- quently, the rioting was so intense a renewal of the injunc- tion was asked. That before renewing this injunction a hearing was given the strikers to the fullest extent they desired. That the contempt cases resulting from this injunction were not tried before the judge issuing the injunction. That out of 18 cases in which contempt was charged, 18 men were convicted. Here we find the judges taking this question into their own hands, and complying with those provisions which Sec- retary Taft has been recommending in modifying the in- junction practices, but notwithstanding this the convictions were made. In the Milwaukee case there is no provision which Judge Taft had recommended in regard to injunction practices thai was not fully complied with upon the initiative of the court, regardless of the enormous loss this delay caused the people of Milwaukee. HISTORY OF THE ASSOCIATION. The recommendation made in the report of the pre- vious year, that a history of the association be compiled, has been carried out in part. The late William H. Phaler undertook the work, but did not complete it. However, it has been carried to a point where others can take it up and finish it. President Briggs then briefly recapitu- lated the main developments of the past 11 years. He recited the early conferences of the Iron Molders’ Union and those that followed—500 national conferences in all; besides 2000 local conferences, in addition to the efforts put forth by individual foundrymen in thousands of inter- views designed to bring about equitable relations. ‘‘ The entire undertaking was a complete failure so far as con- cerns arriving at any agreement whatever with the Iron Molders’ Union—a sad commentary upon the boasted broadmindedness of the union leaders. At the close of these conferences it was plainly evident that instead of meeting the foundrymen in any spirit of conciliation whatever it was the union’s sole purpose to force still more unreasonable conditions upon them.” RELATIONS TO EMPLOYEES. Coming to the attitude of the National Founders’ As- sociation toward unions, the report said that there are good unions and bad unions. The former are represented by the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, the conduc- tors’ and trainmen’s organizations and the Amalgamated Society of Mechanical Engineers, the latter in England. Unions represented by the American Federation of Labor and adopting its tactics “ are bad unions because of their anarchistiec and socialistic methods, their disregard for law and order and their attempts to undermine the Con- stitution of the United States, and are entitled to no re- spect, no confidence and no hearing until such time as they see fit to reform.” On the relations of the members of the association to their employees the report said: I am more convinced than ever that the great majority of the workingmen of this country, union and nonunion, are honest, fairminded, well meaning people, striving to do that which is right and fair, and that they are doing so insofar as they are given to know, to realize and to understand what is right and fair. The great difficulty arises, not with the workingmen themselves, but with the irresponsible lead- 1510 ers who misrepresent, distort and falsify things to suit their own ends, irrespective of the welfare of the people they rep- resent. And here again, as in years gone by, I wish to em- phasize the necessity of giving the workingmen the consid eration they deserve. We have now a well defined policy of dealing direct with them, placing our position before them personally for their consideration, getting their view of the case direct instead of conducting negotiations through the medium of the walking delegate, as was once the case. The beneficial results of this treatment are so pronounced that I again beseech you to have nothing to do in the conduct of your business with the prevailing labor officials, leaders and agitators. When these leaders, from Samuel Gompers down, will accept the findings of that great tribunal, the Anthracite Coal Strike Commission, when the American Federation of Labor will accept the principles laid down in article 9 of the commission’s findings, incorporate them in its constitu- tion and by-laws, and cause them to be put in practice, then, and not until then, should any employer of men con- sider for one moment any collective trade relations with any union a member of the American Federation of Labor. The remaining portions of the report were devoted to matters of internal economy, including finances, member- ship, the Revicw (the monthly publication of the asso- ciation) and the prosecution of law breakers operating in the interest of the Iron Molders’ Union. Commissioner’s Report. Commissioner A, E. McClintock devoted the major part of his report to a discussion of the association’s work in extending the use of molding machines, operated for the most part by handy men. Heretofore the com- missioner has had much to say about strikes. In the past year strikes have been almost unknown. But four members have called on the association for assistance in combatting strikes in the past year, and 59 molders and coremakers were involved. Men were furnished by the association, molding machines introduced and much of the work formerly requiring skilled molders is now done by handy men and specialists. There was a notable absence of lawlessness in these strikes, apparently the result of the vigorous prosecution of such lawlessness in other strikes. Soon after the convention of 1907 the Iron Molders’ Union stopped strike benefits in 22 cities. This was followed by the complete collapse of the strike in seven shops at Dayton, Ohio, formal declaration that the strike was off being made by the union. In April similar action was taken in Philadelphia, and at Milwaukee notice was given by the union that strike benefits would cease. By May 1, 1908, the union had capitulated in 32 cities. THE INCREASING USE OF MOLDING MACHINES. Of the large increase in the use of molding machines and the employment of handy men to operate them, the commissioner said: Since the molders’ strike of 1906 the handy man and specialty molder have been a factor of increasing importance in the foundry. The extended use of this class of labor in foundries making high grade machinery castings was at that time brought about more by necessity than by choice. The result was the brains of the pattern shop and drafting de- partments were turned to the foundry as never before. Every pattern on which the expense of fitting could be saved in a year or less was altered to go on a molding machine. Other jobs were changed in ingenious ways to eliminate so far as possible the skill required in molding. Perhaps the pattern was simply fitted on a board to insure the parting line and assist in drawing the pattern. The effort was to- ward making it possible quickly to teach green men to pro- duce castings. The management of the various firms, from the highest official down, was giving earnest, constructive thought to the foundry and the result was marked by many surprises. Changes made in patterns and rigging reduced many important jobs to a point where but little molding skill was necessary; the time of molding was cut down and a great saving was made in cost. In fact, some jobs were made almost fool proof against loss by bad castings. I am glad to be able to report that since our last meet- ing many of our members have been investigating what oth- ers are doing and putting into effect in their own shops the ideas thus gained. The quickest and simplest method of convincing your foundry foreman that improvements can be made in his methods of shop practice is to go with him on a trip of inspection to shops which are using handy men and molding machines on high grade work. It has been my pleasure to discuss this matter with many of our members and to find molding machines recently introduced in a large number of union shops and successfully operated THE IRON AGE November 26, 1908 by laborers. With the machine, castings of a more uniform character are produced and in greatly increased quantities. This has been done in shops where two years ago it was thought impossible. Not long ago I visited a shop -where they have made wonderful progress the past year in their methods and found they were making on machines gas en- gine cylinders of all sizes up to 25 in. in diameter, and weigh- ing about 8% tons each. The flask required was 6 by 7 ft. and 26 in. deep in cope and drag alike. The ramming was done by the machine, the operation requiring less than 5 min. The pattern is drawn by a crane, the match plate being guided by pins. Two laborers operate the machine, while an apprentice boy sets the cores and closes the molds. I was informed that as very few pieces are made off one pattern at a time, the patterns are changed from 4 to 10 times a day. The castings produced were pronounced equal to any ever made by the firm. Much of this work formerly required the most highly skilled molders in the shop. By the use of the machine, the handy man has increased his earnings and is happy, while the management has reduced the cost in a most substantial manner. In another shop, which is considered a union one, the manager stated that they had introduced 14 machines in the past year and for many months kept four patternmakers doing nothing but fitting patterns for molding machines. Six or seven years ago they tried to introduce molding ma- chines, but on account of opposition from the union the at- tempt was abandoned. By the use of handy men they are getting fine results. Each machine will do the work of at least three molders, and on all patterns fitted to date, the machine molding has reduced the labor cost fully 50 per cent. In addition to this, they found quite a saving in the machine shop, as the castings being uniform would fit the jigs and could be handled rapidly. In another instance the management stated they had been working on this molding machine question for about a year and a half and had all the jobs in the shop on ma- chines or special rigs for handy men, with the exception of six floors, on which they still used journeymen molders, as compared with 35 molders previously employed. It was ex- pected that in a few months their entire output would be molded on machines or with special rigs requiring only handy men. A large number of similar cases could be cited, but the point I wish to press home as strongly as I know how, is-to take advantage of this experience of others and profit by it. Investigate carefully what has been accomplished. Classify your own work, eliminate so far as possible the need for molders’ skill, and by the use of handy men increase the supply of molders and thereby strengthen your position against interruption by strikes. APPRENTICES. The obligation of training a full quota of apprentices was urged by the commissioner, investigation having shown that many foundries do not educate 10 per cent. of the number of apprentices whose employment is prac- ticable in their particular work. The great majority of the shops of the association are now open or nonunion, and the apprentices therein are receiving an education in molding far beyond anything previously available. Not only are foundrymen giving attention to the boys, but the boys are showing more interest than ever in the work. The members were urged to hold fast everything gained in this respect and to oppose vigorously the union limita- tion of apprentices. Care in the selection of handy men and apprentices was suggested, so that boys and men of good physical and moral fiber might be secured who would elevate the standard of the shop. A case was cited in which the character of the men hired for the foundry was such that-the firm, which had a machine shop and pattern shop and regularly had in these departments high grade men of good standing in the community, decided to establish an open foundry. Whereas previously the foundry employees contributed 95 per cent. of the drink- ing and fighting charged against the employees of the firm, the opening of the foundry and the fixing of another standard than simply the bringing of the union card made it possible to induce a better grade of men and boys to take up foundry work. CONTRACT MOLDERS. Referring to the men employed by the association under contract, the report said: Coincident with our outline of policy we adopted a method of hiring a certain number of molders by yearly contract. This plan has worked out very satisfactorily indeed. During the past year a large number of these con- tracts have expired, which fact the men have regretted, but nevertheless they have manifested their appreciation of our attitude towards them, and it is with the greatest pleasure I report to you that not one single contract was canceled on account of the depression in business. An item in the November 26, 1908 treasurer’s report will show you that to carry them over cost us quite a little money, but I believe it is one of the best expenditures the association has ever made. It is most gratifying to note the friendly, co-operative spirit. prevailing among these workingmen, together with all other indepen- dent workmen—a spirit which I believe never before existed in the foundry industry. We have endeavored to treat them fairly and liberally in all particulars. The results are phe- nomenal. As a result of the many strikes, the field from which to draw independent molders has constantly broadened. Through the association’s labor bureaus at New York, De- troit, Chicago and Minneapolis, we are able to keep in touch with an ever increasing number of independent workmen who look to us when out of employment. The fear which formerly existed in the mind of the average molder, that to be out of the union was equivalent to being out of work, is rapidly dying away and in many localities the independent workman can more easily obtain employment than the one with the union card. Reports of Secretary and Treasurer. Among the matters touched on in the report of Sec- retary Hutchings was that of membership. In spite of the depression there had been no decrease in membership, two firms having withdrawn and two having been added in the past year. Thus the number of shop