The Iron Age 1908-08-20: Vol 82 Iss 8

THE IRON AGE Published every Thursday Morning by David Walliams Co. 14-16 Park Place, New York Vol. 82: No. 8. New York, Thursday, August 20, 1908. Be ae Reading Matter Contents........ page 540 Alphabetical Index to Advertisers ‘‘ 194 Classified List of Advertisers 185 Advertising and Subscription Rates ‘‘ 547 REED F. BLAIR & CO. FRICK BUILDING, PITTSBURG, PA. STANDARD CONNBLLSVILLB POUNDRY PURNACE CRUSHED The Original and only Genuine ‘** STILLSON WRENCH ’”’ is manufactured by WALWORTH MFG. CO., Boston, U. S. A. And bears their registered Trade-Mark THIS CUT SHOWS IN REDUCED SIZE THE 1908 U.M.C.-REMINGTON WINDOW TRIM T B < cerca . J aie lithographed in six printings and is full of life and color. ; , = Can be adapted to any size of window 6 ft. or over in width. Sent he ristol Company j free to any dealer who will guarantee to display it for 30 days. Specialists in A Recording _netonenente Write for this powerful business getter. Electriciiyr ete eta |) Aadeess M. HARTLEY COMPANY azav. vent. The Bristol! Co., Waterbury, Conn, tne te 313 Broadway, New York City 45 Vesey St., New York Monadnock Bide. Chiaw lu ATER TUBE Ghe Babcock @ Wilcox Co., Sash Cord BOILERS 50. pasess °° “Now york Clothes Lines sili Micaela pr eaensag ‘‘ Driven All Over the World ’’ THE CAPEWELL NAIL SAMSON CORDAGE WORKS, Boston, Mass TURNBUCKHKLES Holds the Best! Drives the Best! NO imperfect NAILS TO SPLIT the foot. Cleveland City Forge and Iron Co., - Cleveland, 0. ae NO dull points to DAMAGE the most brittle or <= ance delicate HOOF. ¥. NO DANGER of your horse casting a shoe at a TURN BUVUOEB UBS. ow York, York. N.Y. critical moment WHEN “‘CAPEWELL’’ NAILS PILLING & ee am tne PILLING & CRANE ARE USED. Girard Building, Philada. Made by THE CAPEWELL HORSE NAIL COMPANY Machesney Bidg., Pittsburg Empire Bldg., New York Hartford, Conn., U.S.A. TAPES Ayes : UFHIN =. MADE IN AMERICA and | THE BEST in THE WORLD | THE LUFKIN ante, Saginaw, Mich., U.S.A. New York, London, Eng. Windsor, Can. JENKINS BROS. VALVES STANDARD PATTERN. Made of new steam metal of the best grade. Fitted with the Jenkins Disc assur- ing an absolutely steam tight valve under all ordinary pressures. When fitted with a soft Jenkins Disc they are he most satisfactory valves that can be obtained for use on water, air or gas, All parts interchangeable. Every valve bearing the Trade Mark is guaranteed. ; JENKINS BROS., New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago, London. “Swredon’” Cold Rolled Steel ‘tt; Drawing ax stamping THE AMERICAN TUBE & STAMPING COMPANY SEE (Water and Rail Delivery) BRIDGEPORT, CONN. PAUE 2 MAGNOLIA ,.tcron METAL The Standard Babbitt of the World We manufacture everything in the MAGNOLIA METAL CO. New York: 115 Bank St. Chicago: Fisher Building. Montreal: 31 St. Nicholas St. In a dull season, men are looking for leaks—how about your roof? Ifcovered with MF 32 Pounds Coating ROOFING TIN you will have little trouble from this source. MF is made to prevent leaks and give best value asa roof covering. AMERICAN SHEET AND TIN PLATE COMPANY Frick Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. See our Ad. on page 18. 2 THE IRON AGE Ce fea RIBRASS ae, |e Fame sired ce TIN |e. veer (Net and Roll Brass PLATE "=~ }COPPER{EE) aistes | SHEET @} GERMAN feo German Sliver aad Giling Metal, Manufacturers of -Copper Rivets and Burrs . a SILVER WIRE Pins, sees Hinges, Jack Chain, Kerosene All Finishes STEEL Burners, Lamps, Lamp Trimmings, &c. including LOW BRASS, SHEET BRONZE, 279 Broadway, NEW YORK ELECTRICAL SEAMLESS BRASS AND COPPER | Room 508 Hayworth Building, East Madi TUBING, BRAZED BRASS AND | gong mun , Factories THOMASTON, CONN. WATERBURY, CONN, SH EETS BRONZE TUBING: 2 tte —— Manufacturers of and Waterbury Brass Co. || BRAss, GERMAN SILVER, Sheets, Rolls, Wire, and f ; ] ; ; ‘Follansbee Polished 99 John nica roe R. |. Brass Sat, Cop, Hoge, Buttons, Write for samples and prices FOLLANSBEE (Bridgeport Deoxidized Bronze|| 9°"! Bs Sees Ove. BROTHERS & Metal Co. WATERBURY, CONN. COM Pp ANY BRIDGEPORT, CONN. NEW YORK CHICAGO BOSTON Phosphor and Deoxidized |=... pelea Bronne Henry Souther Engineering Co. er Composition, Yellow Brass and Alumi- HARTFORD, CONN. num Castings, large and small Consulting Chemists, Metallur- gists and Analysts. Complete Physical Testing Laboratory. Expert Testimony in Court and Patent Cases. Matthiessen & Hegeler Zinc Co. ane Arigur 1. Rutter & bo, SMELTERS OF SPELTER AND MANUFACTURERS 25 6 Broadway, SHEET ZINC AND SULPHURIC ACID NEW YORK. Special Sizes of Zinc cut to order. Rolled Battery Plates. Selected Plates for Etchers and Lithographers’ use. Small tubing in Brass, Copper, Selected Sheets for Paper and Card Makers’ use. Steel, Aluminum, German Silver, Stove and Washboard Blanks. &c. Sheet Brass, Copper and Ger- ZINCS FOR LECLANCHE BATTERY. man Silver. Copper, Brass and HUAN rere KL Seamless Brass and Copper Tube. Copper and Brass Rod. “ Search-Light” GAS Bicycle Lanterns = = e| | The BRIDGEPORT BRASS CO. ih GRIDSUPORT, CONN. HENDRICKS BROTHERS Postal Telegraph Buliding, Broadway and 105-109 So, Jefferson St., Chicago. Best Bronze, Babbitt Metals, Brass and Aluminum CASTINGS Marray Street, NEW YORK. Sheet and Bar Copper, Copper Fire Box Plates ~ eae Qs, PHOSPHOR-BRONZE and Staybolts, Wire and Braziers Rivets) =y Sh GERMAN SILVER Importers and Deslersfin A At v Ingot Copper, Block Tin, Spelter, THE RIVERSIDE Lead, Antimony, Bismuth, Nickel, etc. METAL CO. 49 CLIFF STREET, - - - - NEW YORK! "Sa" ™ avensie. wy. 1, THE IRON AGE New York, Thursday, August 20, 1908. Alliance Electric Traveling Bucket Cranes. As an economical means of handling loose material, electric traveling cranes with clam-shell buckets have un- questionable merits. The cranes can span any number of railroad tracks, and can load or unload cars on any of the tracks, even with cars standing on all the remaining its hoist, hold and bridge motors are 22 hp. each, and the trolley motor is 6 hp. Fig. 2 illustrat “standard traveling crane for handling cinder at the Na 1 Tube Company’s McKeesport Works. This crane operates from a 220 volt direct current system. Its capacity is 10 tons, the span is 70 ft., the lift is 40 ft., the hoist motor is 50 hp., the hold and bridge motors are each 30 hp., and the trolley motor is 10 hp. Fig. 3 shows a standard traveling crane in use in the cement works of the Uni- Fig. 1.—An Alliance Bucket Gantry Crane in the Scranton, Pa., Yards of the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad. Fig. 2. tracks. The operator’s cage can be attached to the trol- ley so that the operator is always directly over his work, or it can be secured anywhere on the bridge. Cranes for such work are built by the Alliance Machine Company, Alliance, Ohio, to operate on either direct or alternating current. The illustrations herewith show three typical equipments. Fig. 1 shows a gantry crane for handling ashes from an ash pit in the yard of the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad Company at Scranton, Pa. This crane operates from a three phase 440 volt alternating current system. Its capacity is 3% tons, the span is 59 ft. 6 in., -A4 10-Ton Alliance Crane for Handling Cinder at the National Tube Company's McKeesport Works. versal Portland Cement Company at Indiana Harbor, Ind. Its capacity is 10 tons, the span is 30 ft., its hoist, hold and bridge motors are each 37 hp., and its trolley motor is 11 hp. A similar one is installed for the same com- pany at Munhall, Pa. These cranes operate from a three phase 110 volt alternating current system. The trolleys fur these cranes can be designed to handle any type of bucket, and can be arranged so that the bucket opens at right angles to or parallel with the run- way girders. The cranes are provided with one motor for traveling the trolley, one motor for hoisting and clos- ing the bucket, and one motor for holding the bucket rs EE aT aa Cee anne a a PSE ENDL eee A ls pat —? A ot ES ean NED eet Eee 494 while dumping. The crane bridge is driven either by one or two motors, depending upon the capacity of the crane and upon the speed required. Much ean be said in favor of the gantry type of crane, especially when constructed with cantilever ends, as such a crane does not require elevated runways. There is no difficulty in arranging the bridge wheels of the gantry THE IRON AGE August 20, 1908 stroke, while on the return stroke the weight is lifted from the blade due to the pivoting of the connecting arms. ‘The result is longer life and saving in the main- tenance of the blades. The machine requires no atten- tion after the work is secured in the vise and the saw started, and can be easily operated by a boy. The saw accurately cuts off the work and leaves the A 10-Ton Alliance Bucket Crane at crane so that they will cross railroad tracks which may pass in and out of the space covered by the crane. There are many cases, however, where the standard traveling crane running on elevated runways is undoubtedly the economi- cal arrangement; this is especially true where the crane has a comparatively short longitudinal travel. ee A Hoefer Power Metal Saw. The new power metal saw nrade by the Hoefer Mfg Company, Freeport, Ill., illustrated in the accompanying A New Automatic Power Saw Metal Made by the Hoefe: Company, Freeport, Ill. engraving, has met with favor among reason of the simplicity of its construction and operation. It is light, compact and durable, but the most important fea- ture claimed for it is that a steady and uniform pressure is maintained on the blade during the forward users by saw the Indiana Harbor, Ind., Plant of the Universal Portland Cement Company. end square and smooth, thus accomplishing a saving in the inetal. When the cutting is completed, the saw auto- matically lifts from the work and stops. The automatic operation and simplicity of this saw are features which will «ppeal to seekers of labor saving tools. two sizes: It is made in No. 1 cutting round or square stock up to 4% in., and No. 2 cutting up to 6 x 8 in. in the illustration is furnished with each saw without extra charge. The saw can be readily equipped with motor or belt drive. —_— ~—4<-He—_—__—____ The floor rest shown The American Manganese Bronze Company. The American Manganese Bronze Company, 99 John street, New York, announces the completion of its works at Holmesburg Junction, Philadelphia, on the New York Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad. The buildings are of reinforced concrete and steel framework construc- tion, with brick curtain and consist of melting plant and foundry, metal storehouse, core shop and office, with complete chemical and testing laboratories, light and power plant and machine shop. The main building is equipped with a electric crane, which, together hoist, serves the entire plant. Special attention has been given to light and ventilation. The plant is equipped with pneumatic tools for the cleaning of castings, and its 600 ft. of siding running the entire length of the plant insures economical handling of raw material and ship- Nothing has been omitted in the construction of the plant that would tend to make it thoroughly modern and up to date in every particular. walls, 10-ton one-ton Niles with a electric ments. The products of the American Manganese Bronze Company comprise ingots, billets, forgings, rods and sheets, together with both large and small castings. It has the facilities to supply bronze castings up to 20,000 Ib. each, and in this particular it occupies the unique posi- tion of being able to produce the largest bronze castings in this country. In addition to its special Spare’s man- ganese bronze, Spare’s white bronze and Spare’s hydraulic bronze alloys, the company produces standard United States Government compositions and other high grade alloys designed to meet the most severe engineering re- quirements. U. T. Hungerford is and W. A. Locke is secretary and treasurer. president August 20, 1908 THE IRON AGE 495 The Stecher High Speed Bench Drill. ‘The high speed bench drill here illustrated has just been brought out by the Charles Stecher Company, 19 South Jefferson street, Chicago. It is designed for light work, having a capacity for drilling up to % in. holes, and is described as an especially desirable machine for tool room and manufacturing purposes. The drill spindle has four speed changes supplied by a four-step cone and is driven through a pair of mitre gears. To secure steadiness of motion and quiet opera- tion at high speeds a rawhide gear is used on the hori- zoutal shaft; the mitre gear on the spindle is a cut cast iron gear. These gears are of eight pitch and of ample dimensions for the speed and power service required, and are inclosed in a tight case. The drill spindle is cgunterbalanced, has extra long travel, and is provided with an adjustable stop collar on its upper end. It is also provided with a ball thrust — A High Speed Bench Drill and Bench Made by the Charl Stecher Company, Chicago. bearing at the lower end of its sleeve, and the drift hole is below this bearing. The lower end is bored for a standard No. 1 Morse taper. The hand lever for feeding the drill is adjustable in position. It operates the spindle sleeve through a cut steel pinion engaging rack teeth in the sleeve. The base, 8 x 10 in. in size, is planed and has two T slots for jig work. It is cast in one piece with the countershaft frame, which carries a four-step cone for l-in. belt, and tight and loose pulleys 5 x 1% in. The table clamped to the column by a split collar has lateral] and perpendicular adjustment and can be dropped all the way down to the base. There is an oil groove cast around the table. All bearings are split to provide for taking up wear and are bushed with seamless brass tubing; no babbitt is used in the construction of the drill. By the use of jigs and special tools all machined parts are made inter- changeable. Though the drill is rated for a safe working speed of 2400 rev. per min. with high speed drills, the highest speed recommended for ordinary work is 1200 rey. per min. The company also makes the drill bench shown in the engraving, which is specially designed for the convenient mounting of the drill. It is constructed of a well braced cast iron frame and is fitted with a wooden tool drawer for storing drills and other tools. The general dimensions of the drill are as follows: Swing, 10 in.; size of table. over all, 8 x 10 in. ; maximum distance table to spindle, 14 in., and of bed to table, 18 in.; diameter of spindle, 5 in.; feed of spindle, 4 in.; hight over all 41 in., and net weight, 130 Ib. —_——_~-e—___ The Empress Grease Cups. The Bowen Mfg. Company, Auburn, N. Y., claims to be the first to make a line of spring compression and inarine grease cups from sheet metal. Illustrations aré herewith given of some of the leading styles of these cups, which are placed on the market as the Empress line, and are made in steel or brass. The illustrations are sectional, so as to show the interior construction. The engraving marked No, 1 is the plain compressiou cup, No. 2 is the marine’ compression cup and No. 3 is the spring compression cup. The plain compression cup is fitted with a leather washer. The leather can be ad- justed by a spanner to a tight fit a all times, making a Sectional Views of Some of the Empress Grease Cups Made by the Bowen Mfg. Company, Auburn, N. Y. leakage of grease impossible, though the cup be used in a warm place. Although all these cups are lighter than cast brass or iron cups, they are stronger and of neat ap perrance. All the spring compression cups are equipped with a good heavy spring and an excellent feed regulating irrangement, so that the amount of grease can be regu lated to suit the bearing. The company claims to be the first to place on the market a marine grease cup with a leather packed plunger. The regular pipe thread is fur nished unless otherwise specified. Although the Bowen Mfg. Company but recently completed its new plant, it has since added a wing, 66 x 138 ft., four stories. In addition to the manufacture of oil and grease cups, ai- tention is given to general brass or steel stampings anid machine screw work. ence As illustrating what the railroads have to meet in the way of expense, owing to the requirements of the Inter- state Commerce Commission relative to the filing of freight tariffs at all stations after this year, the Pan- handle Railroad furnishes an example. It finds that filing cabinets alone will cost nearly $20,000, as more than 500 stations must be covered. As the cabinets cost from $28 to $150 each, the expense to great railroad systems will be readily appreciated. a ee panera, > | | | 496 THE IRON AGE The Working Requirement in Patent Law. Shall the United States Enact Such a Requirement ? BY JOHN D. MORGAN.* The United States is to-day according rights and privi- leges to foreign inventors much greater than those ac- corded to our inventors in foreign countries. This condi- tion was rendered more extreme, and attention called to it more forcibly, by the recent change of attitude of Great Britain toward foreign inventors. The points of difference between the attitude toward foreign patentees of the United States and the principal foreign countries are two in number, and are as follows: First, in most countries, in addition to the fees for exam- ination and issuance of a patent, an annual tax is im- posed upon each patent, and, second, the patentee is re- quired to “work” the patent in the granting country. In the United States, on the other hand, the patentee is required to pay only the fees required by the Government for filing the application and issuing the patent. He is not burdened by any annual tax levy nor is he obliged to “work” the patent; that is, to put the invention into actual commercial practice. Byery foreign country of any importance from a pat- ent standpoint has long imposed such an annual tax upon the owners of patents, and with the exception of Great Britain required also a “working” of the invention. Great Britain, in common with the other principal com- mercial countries, imposed a tax on patents, but until about a year ago there was no requirement in the English law that an invention must be “worked” or put into commercial practice in the United Kingdom in erder to maintain the validity of the patent. The Liberal Attitude of the United States, The United States differs from all other important countries in the matter of the non-taxing of patents, and now with the change of attitude of England this is true also with regard to the working of patents. The practical effect of the “ working” requirement is to stop the im- portation of the patented thing and, in some countries, to compel its manufacture within the patenting country on pain of losing the patent. The United States, therefore, now stands alone in permitting the importation of pat- ented things, American inventors at the same time being estopped from selling abroad patented things manufac- tured in this country. The proportion of patents taken out by citizens of the United States in the principal foreign countries is much greater than the number of patents taken out by the citizens of each of these countries, respectively, in the United States. Also, exports to Great Britain, France and Germany are far greater than imports therefrom, al- though these totals compared included in all cases raw as well as manufactured materials. In view of these facts, it seems reasonable to presume that the United States exports more than it imports of patented manufactures. It will thus be seen that the net burden of disadvantage to foreign inventors arising from the imposition of such restrictions falls upon the United States. The General Disadvantage. The disadvantage falls both upon the nation and upon the individual patentee. In its national aspect it tends to turn the balance of trade in favor of the country demand- ing the working of inventions, as it causes to be manu- factured within the country things that otherwise would have been imported. It serves thus to cut down the im- ports into such country while in itself not affecting the volume of export business. On the other hand, however, a very great effect on the volume of export business in a given country would be had by other countries in turn enacting laws of a similar character. In other words, the disadvantage to any country by loss in manufacturing and exports would be counteracted in some degree by that country enacting a corresponding law. Whether such a * Of the New York Patent Bar. August 20, 1908 law shall be enacted is one of the questions the United States must decide. The degree in which it could be counteracted might be regarded as proportionate to the relative importation by each country from the other of Inaunufactures patented in the importing country. The effect nationally would be further felt as a benefit in the country requiring the working by the growing up of manufacturing establishments to supply the demand for the things upon the importation of which the law has laid its inhibition. This would likewise operate disad- vantageously to the country of the patentee, as the gain in business in the specific form indicated would be drawn directly from his own country. The operation of this factor is multifold. The value of taxable property is increased by the advent of new factories, and the money expended in establishing these manufacturing plants goes to enrich the genera] business community. Where the foreign patentees still maintain control of their inven- tions, this gain is absolute; that is, the gross gain and the net gain are substantially the same. In England this will be the condition under which most of the large and important American concerns will comply with the law, as the business now supplied by importation into that coun- try is sufficiently extensive and valuable to make this the more desirable course. In the next place the employment of operatives in the patenting country is increased, and many such operatives are naturally among the most skilled and highest priced workmen. It will be unnecessary to revert to the more remote advantages growing out of this employment, such as the expenditure by the workmen of the greater part of their earnings with landlords and tradesmen. In the next place a new market is created for raw materials used in the manufacture of the patented thing, and usually there will be found a source of supply within the country. This is not intended as an exhaustive analysis of the entire effects of the operation of the “ working” law in the case of foreign patentees, but is intended to show that other important interests for the nation are involved out. side of the national dignity or honor, or the supposed necessity of treating foreigners on the same terms that are accorded us abroad. These other interests certainly appear more substantial and tangible so far as the manu- facturers of machinery and other patented things are concerned. Yet these reasons of national dignity and insistence upon as liberal treatment by others as we accord to them are by no means unimportant. The treatment of this phase of the question, however, is political rather than commercial or industrial, and need not be discussed at any length here. The Disadvantage to the Patentee, So far as the owner of the foreign patent is concerned, the requirement of working in the foreign country de- tracts greatly from the financial value of his patent right. The patentee usually hopes to secure his profit upon his foreign rights either by sale of the patents outright or by manufacturing the goods at home and sending them to the foreign country, depending upon his patent monopoly there to ward off competition and assure to him the profits of the monopolist rather than those of one in commercial competition. There can be no doubt that the working requirement within a limited number of years operates disadvanta- veously to the sale outright of foreign patents. Large sums have been frequently paid for important patent monopolies, the demanding of such sums by the seller of the monopoly being based upon the supposed discounting of great prospective earnings, while, on the other hand, capitalists have been willing to make such payments because of the hope of duplicating the vast earnings of other inventions already successfully exploited. Negotia- tions in such important transactions are necessarily more or less slow, and it is not difficult to conceive of the for- eign inventor being left, by such deferred negotiations and hopes, with too little time in which to effect his workings on important machines involving great outlay of time and money, and thus being forced into price con- cessions on his monopoly that would represent a grave loss. Outside of such contingencies, his patent monopoly is obviously depreciated in value by the mere fact that et ge Jct eta canes os & ee ! ; s unless he sells he must go to the labor and expense of working. This reasoning of course does not apply with proportionate force in the matter of small articles and inexpensive machinery. It, however, applies with tre- mendous force to the manufacturers of complicated and costly machines, and to patentees of extensive lines of machinery. In case the patentee does not wish to sell his rights, the taking away of the privilege of importing frequently involves heavy losses. Important among these is the necessity for duplication of plant. The necessity for sink- ing a large sum in a foreign factory is sometimes a for- midable thing. It is far more costly than an extension of the home factory to enable it to meet both the domestic and the foreign demands in output. Where the home factory is already adequate and designed to meet this demand, the investment in the foreign factory becomes practically a dead charge. Nor is the maintenance of an additional administrative staff a negligible matter in many instances, The organization abroad necessary for handling and selling the imported products may be in- significant compared with that required for a branch factory. It is a fact recognized by those experienced in the mechanic arts that the mechanical genius of the work- men of different nations runs in different lines and that machinery which might be manufactured in one country with practically no difficulties along this line might be almost impossible of production in another country. It would be impracticable to convey to one unfamiliar with manufacturing processes the seriousness, or even the ex- istence, of difficulties of this character. To those who know, either from experience or observation, further comment is unnecessary. It is well known to those in- formed along such lines that in this country certain kinds . of machines which are manufactured successfully in certain States could not be produced at all in others un- der existing industrial conditions, even when those others are active along other mechanical lines. Effect of Change of Attitude. It will not be difficult, therefore, to realize what an important question to foreign patentees and manufac- turers is this question of working of patents in a par- ticular country. It will be understood further how those difficulties are intensified through a sudden change of attitude upon such a question by an important consuming nation such as Great Britain. The necessity of action in order to save vested and exceedingly valuable interests is thus forced upon many concerns. That this works injury to the nation as well as to the individual cannot be doubted. Further, while the legal right of a nation to such a change of front in a matter of this kind may not be open to challenge, yet its moral and commercial right to do this may be questioned. In fact, it may be found that the injuries inflicted on foreigners who have long had commercial relations with the country may be such that the home government of such foreigners may feel it their duty to retaliate in kind. With respect to Germany, the conditions have been stable for many years, and though conditions were dis- advantageous both to the United States as a nation and to its citizens holding patents in Germany, the conditions were foreseen and foreknown. In Great Britain, how- ever, this was not the case, and American manufacturers feel that the English law was aimed directly at them. It cannot be doubted that the inroads upon English com- merce by German products protected by English patents were also an important factor. This condition obtained especially with regard to electrical machinery and the products of industrial chemistry. In the first field Ger- many is a strenuous competitor of the United States, and in the second she is without a rival. If, however, it had been the purpose of the English Parliament, acting in response to the pressure of English commercial influences, to shut off German competition alone, its law could have been framed to apply only to nations which placed the same requirements upon English inventors. That the law was not so framed is regarded as showing unquestionably that the heavy importations of commercial and special machinery from the United States August 20, 1908 THE IRON AGE 497 above and beyond all else actuated the English commer- cial interests in demanding such a law of Parliament. What Will Determine the Atthtude of the United States? The question of whether or not the United States will enact a similar law will probably come before Congress at the next session. Whether such a law is enacted will depend especially upon whether the conditions which brought about the passage of such a law in England will obtain here. That is, it lies with the manufacturing interests of the country to bring to bear upon Congress such pressure as to secure the enactment of a “ working ” law, if it is to be passed. If there is no such demand from industrial circles, it is highly improbable that the principle of retaliation or maintaining an attitude of equal dignty toward foregn nations will serve to bring about the enactment of such a law. In passing, it is well to remember that the American high tariff is some- what of a sore spot in the consciousness of both England and Germany, and the conditions which brought the tariff system into being were very similar to those which caused the enactment of the provision of the English patent law under discussion, namely, an overwhelming internal com- mercial sentiment operating against and overcoming a known disapproval by other countries, Another factor entering into the question of whether the United States shall change its attitude on this sub- ject is a different interpretation of the fundamental mora! or common law right underlying the statutes authorizing the granting of the patent monopoly. The German law lays the requirement of “ working” a patent upon both native and foreign inventors alike. The new English statute puts it upon foreign inventors only. The United States has left immune from such a requirement both native and foreign inventors. It will be seen, therefore, that the basic ideas of what constitutes a dedication by the inventor of his invention to the public, or in other words what constitutes a giving of his invention, are different in the United States and in Germany. In this country it is held sufficient that an inventor merely gives what may be called an intellectual disclosure of his invention to secure a bestowal upon him of the patent monopoly, while in Germany an eventual actual commercial exploitation is considered as the dis- closure which bestows upon the inventor the right to his monopoly. England, by adopting a different attitude to- ward native and foreign inventors respectively, departs from any consistent basic principle upon which to base the granting of patents generally. The foregoing is not an adequate ultimate analysis of this point, but is proba- bly sufficient for the purposes of this article. Wording of the German and English Laws. The provisions as to “ working” in the German and English patent laws, respectively, are as follows: GERMANY. A patent can be revoked after the lapse of three years, cal- culated from the day after the publication (Sec. 26, Sec. 1) of the grant of the patent: 1. If the patentee neglects to work his invention in the country (the German Empire) to an adequate exteni, or to do all that was requisite for securing the said working; 2. When it appears conducive to the public interest that per- mission to use the invention be granted to others, and the pat- entee refuses to grant such permission for a reasonable com- pensation and on good security. ENGLAND. 1. At any time not less than four years after the date of a patent and not less than one year after the passing of this act, any person may apply to the comptroller for the revocation of the patent on the ground that the patented article or process is manufactured or carried on exclusively or mainly outside the United Kingdom. 2. The comptroller shall consider the application, and if after inquiry he is satisfied that the allegations contained there- in are correct, then, subject to the provisions of this section, and unless the patentee proves that the patented article or process is manufactured or carried on to an adequate extent in the United Kingdom, or gives satisfactory reasons why the arti- cle or process is not so manufactured or carried on, the comp troller may make an order revoking the patent either: (a) forthwith; or (b) after such reasonable interval as may be specified in the order, unless in the meantime it is shown to his satisfaction that the patented article or process is manufactured or carried on within the United Kingdom to an adequate extent: Provided, that no such order shall be made which is at variance with any treaty, convention, arrangement or engage- ment with any foreign country or British possession. OnE aS ED Sere. 498 THE IRON AGE August 20, 1908 3. 1f within the time limited in the order the patented arti- cle or process is not manufactured or carried on within the United Kingdom to an adequate extent, but the patentee gives satisfactory reasons why it is not so manufactured or carried on, the comptroller may extend the period mentioned in the previous order for such period not exceeding 12 months as may be specified in the subsequent order. 4. Any decision of the comptroller under this section shall be subject to appeal to ihe court, and on any such appeal the law officer or such other counsel as he may appoint shall be en titled to appear and be heard. No discussion is necessary to show that the English statute is specifically directed against importation and sale of patented articles, whereas the German law, as previously stated, seems to be directed against nonuser of all patents in the German Empire. What Has Been Done, Various bills were introduced in the last United States Congress looking to the enactment of a law upon this subject. If such a law is passed, however, it will be the result of careful consideration between the patent com- mittees of the two houses of Congress and the Commis- sioner of Patents. There is no doubt. however, that all three of thesé will be glad to have an expression of opinion both from patentees and manufacturing concerns who would be affected, and also from those who are versed in the patent laws of the various countries. A General or Retaliatory Statute? One question which must be decided at the very outset is whether the law will be a general law changing the policy and attitude of the Federal Government toward all patentees or whether it will be frankly in the nature of retaliatory legislation. In the United States the doc- trine that nonuser of the patented invention does not abrogate or invalidate the legal] rights of the patentee has the sanction of the Supreme Court. There is even a question as to whether every whit as much protection would not be given to the nonusing patentee as to the one who has commercially exploited his invention. There has developed, therefore, in the United States a tremendous array of what is known as “ paper pat- ents”; that is, patents which never have and never will be used industrially by the patentees or owners. So it will be seen that wrapped up with this question of our attitude toward inventors of foreign nations is that of a change of attitude toward native inventors. Should the United States decide to impose working requirements only upon inventors from countries making similar re- quirements upon our inventors, its action would be merely that of adopting a retaliatory attitude toward those gov- ernments, while if the requirement were made genera] it would mean a change of attitude amounting to a revolu- tion in the basic theory of our patent law. A general law, therefore, requiring working by all patentees would amount to a reversal of attitude which, even were Congress to attempt it, would be effectually prevented by the strenuous opposition of many great in- terests, including concerns depending on unused patents to protect their businesses, which are opposed to any change of attitude in this respect. Should a frank re- taliatory measure be enacted, there would of course be nothing to disturb the serenity of the internal or domestic patent situation. The Effect Abroad. On the other hand, it would not be at all astonishing if a certain part of the English manufacturing and com- mercial world should awaken to a sense that it was being hurt, perhaps seriously, by such an American law. Its only strong argument, however, in the face of the mainte- nance of the English law against American patentee im- porters, would be that we were throwing a double pro- tection around our manufacturers—first. by our high tariff on manufactured articles and, second, by the spe- cific inhibitory legislation which we have been consider- ing. Nor is this entirely without force. Imagine the English patentee with a superior article, perhaps, con- fronted by an import duty of, say, 40 per cent. He would maintain that this handicap alone was surely equal to that imposed upon the American patentee who was obliged to manufacture in England. The practical answer to this, however, is that the tariff is an old story and the English working law a new one, and that as England has seen fit at this time to disturb the commercial equilibrium she cannot use as an equilibrating factor any disadvantages against herself that were counted in to make a former balance. Fur- thermore, representations made to Great Britain by the United States on the subject of the English law were without effect; hence it is unlikely that the English Gov- ernment would take any active steps whatever. The English manufacturer affected by such a law here would probably be left, as were American importing patentee manufacturers by England, to find his own way out of his difficulties, If Germany should wish to protest on the ground that our law was aimed against foreign importers only while her own law was a general provision applicable to Ger- mans and others alike, our own Government might in reply refer to a tariff system which in many of its fea- tures was not confined to manufactured articles, and certain of whose provisions were aimed directly at Amer- ican importations wholly commercial as distinguished from technical or industrial products. A Law Should Be Passed. In fact, the passage of such a law by the United States would seem to be entirely justified either on the basis of industrial necessity or that we cannot consistent- ly accord to citizens of other countries privileges denied American citizens in those countries, or on the other hand that the imposition of equal requirements by the Government of all important industrial countries of re- strictions against foreign inventors might lead to a mu- tual waiver of such restrictions when other means looking to that end fail. That the United States is at present in an undesirable position in this matter seems hardly open to question. That the future attitude of the Govern- “ment in the matter will depend largely upon the expres- sions of the industrial and manufacturing elements inter- ested is also equally certain. ———_»-o—— The Obermayer Molding Machine Snap Flask. The new flask for machine molding recently put on the market by the S. Obermayer Company herewith il- lustrated, is claimed to combine all the good points The Obermayer Molding Machine Snap Flask. needed in a flask of this kind. It is made of 1-in. kiln dried cherry, grooved, has machine locked corners, is bound top and bottom with iron bands, securely screwed to the flask with solid corners welded. A perfectly rigid flask is thus secured. The corner plates are of extra heavy malleable iron. The hinges are also malleable with machined bearings the entire length of the flask. the hollow V-shaped pin and guides insure close contact and permit the sand to drop between the pin and flask. The snap used on this flask is simple, strong and effi- cient, and made either in the hook or lever type. It can be procured from the S. Obermayer Company’s offices in Cincinnati, Chicago or Pittsburgh. - i> o> The New England Foundrymen’s Association held the second of its summer outings at the Squantum Club, Providence, R. I., August 14, with a large attendance, the attraction of a Rhode Island shore dinner being always a strong one. The Committee of Arrangements con- sisted of Henry A. Carpenter, General Fire Extinguisher Company; Alfred J. Miller and William A. Viall of the trown & Sharpe Mfg. Company, all of Providence. 4 4 3 ts artim Das PER August 20, 1908 THE IRON AGE . 499 The Perkins Spiral Head Wire Nail Machine. The new spiral head wire nail machine shown in the illustration forms large thin heads on nails for slating, reofing, or other purposes where such a head is desired. door. The door is securely locked again by merely right- ing the car. The whole device is entirely beneath the car body, so that it is protected from injury. Among the important features, the durable construc- tion of the door and the method by which it is attached, ‘The New Spiral Head Wire Nail Machine Built by the Henry Perkins Company, Bridgewater, Mass. It is declared to embody the best features of the domestic and foreign nail machines, together with improvements suggested by the experience of the builder, the Henry Perkins Company, Bridgewater, Mass. The machine will make a %4-in. head on No. 9 wire, or a regular head on No. 6 wire. It is liberally proportioned, with main spin dle bearings 4 x 7 in., and all wearing surfaces larger and longer than is usual in machines of this size. The spindle, header and gripping lever carrying the moving die are open hearth steel forgings, and all parts subject to heavy duty are of tempered tool steel. The spring that makes the head is of hickory, fastened at the base by straps to a heavy cast iron V-block, and is reinforced at the base by flat steel springs % in. thick by 8 in. wide, and at the working end by a heavy spiral spring. The dies are of stock 1% in. square for the gripping dies and 84 in. square for the pointing dies, and each is fastened in the machine by a strap bearing on the corner of the die in the same way as in the regular Perkins machine, permitting the dies to be taken out and replaced when necessary in much less than the time usually required. The mechanism to feed and straighten the wire in its reverse or backward motion works in a half revolution of the machine. The machine can be run at 110 revolutions a minute, and weighs 3700 lb. oe. A New Kilbourne & Jacobs Mine Car. A mine car having a unique mechanism for auto- matically discharging the load, is a new product of the Kilbourne & Jacobs Mfg. Company, Columbus, Ohio. The door opening device is extremely simple but effective. It is comprised of a rod, one end of which is pivoted to an eccentric locking cam, the opposite end being attached to the lock. The lock consists of a pivoted hook, the pivot of which slides in a yoke having a curved bearing surface. When the door is locked, the pivot is within the yoke and the hook is held upright, while the locking cam is against the face of the turntable. On raising the car body to an angle of seven or eight degrees, the locking cam ig released and the weight of the load opens the together with the strength of the hinges, are prominent. The door is reinforced at the top and bottom by strong bars, and its side edges are flanged. The hinges consist of triangular gusset plates reinforced at the pivot and work- ing on individual hinge bolts. There is no rod across the An Automatic Dumping Mine Car Made by the Kilbourne & Jacobs Mfg. Company, Columbus, Ohio. car, and no obstruction is offered by the hinge bolts either inside or outside of the car. a The H. L. Dixon Company, Pittsburgh, Pa., has lately taken the sole agency for the Herrick patented gas pro- ducers in the United States and Canada for their exclu- sive use in the glass trade and its adjuncts. All other contracts for these producers between James A. Herrick, New York, and his former agents have expired by limi- tation. nae cnitinnemntiediitaiet siemniateseadaieeaine ie kemeiaiaadma aie meelil 500 THE IRON AGE The Turner-Fricke Gas Engine. Some Improvements in a Standard Type of Vertical Engine. The type of gas engine illustrated herewith is the result of over 10 years of experience with installations in various kinds of continuous and intermittent service. These engines are built in sizes ranging from 25 to 325 h. p. by the Turner-Fricke Mfg. Company of Sharon and Pittsburgh, Pa. The design upon which they are built, as stated by the company, is simply the harnessing of old successful principles in a good substantial machine, made in consideration of the fact that every machine in active service needs occasional adjustment and repairs. These, however, are minimized by extra large wearing surfaces on all moving parts, and by having all stationary parts extra heavy and rigidly constructed. The Turner-Fricke August 20, 1908 wear is easily made by means of wedge bolts. No outside reference marks or loose gauges are required for align- ing the shaft; danger of springing the shaft is entirely eliminated; and compression in the cylinders is not de- creased by the shaft gradually wearing to a lower center. Valve trouble is one of the chief grievances of gas en- gine operators. This may arise from various Causes. as follows: Inadequate cooling, poor materials, faulty actu- ating mechanism, or improper location. It is essential that the seat be sufficiently and evenly cooled to pre- vent burning or warping. Locating a valve in a remova- ble cage does not give the benefit of water jacketing on account of the distance between the valve seat and the water, which this arrangement necessitates. It has been repeatedly proved that metal-to-metal is a good conductor of heat only when the joint is fused or a tightly driven fit. Using poor material causes the seat to pit and cut, and makes it impossible to maintain a tight valve even with frequent regrinding. Inferior material is also re- . -i nd es ro ? + E Fs. ee ee Fig. 1—A 150-Hp. Turner-Fricke Gas Engine Directly Connected to a 90-Kw. Generator. gas engine, of which a perspective view is given in Fig. 1, is of the four cycle, multiple cylinder, vertical, inclosed type. Large covered manholes—both front and rear—are provided so that all moving parts are easily accessible for inspection or adjustment, and, in addition to a splash system, the main and crank journals are lubricated by a forced feed system. Occasionally an engine is wrecked or put out of ser- vice temporarily by the breaking of a crank shaft from no apparent cause. In almost every case this is due to the imperfect alignment of the main bearings. This springs the shaft, gradually crystallizes the steel and ul- timately results in a fracture aud the accompanying losses. In the engine here illustrated the crank shaft bearing pillow blocks are cast as a part of the base, which makes it impossible to disturb the lateral align- ment of the crank shaft. To facilitate accurate machin- ing, and thus establish the correct and permanent line for the shaft, the engine base has been cast separately from the crank case. Being a single acting engine, the wear on the bearings is on the lower half. The shaft is in alignment when up against the bearing caps, which are bolted, without shims, to the top of the pillow blocks, and thus fixed in their correct location. Adjustment for sponsible for valves breaking off of the stems and getting into the clearance space between the piston and cylinder head, with disastrous results. Too often the actuating mechanism is complicated, or is not adjustable, or does not act in a straight line, thus tipping the valve on its seat and wearing the guide out of true. Generally this mechanism is located on, or so as to interfere with, some parts that should be removed for occasional inspection or adjustment. Valves are best located on a vertical axis in a water jacket completely surrounding the seat. They should be so arranged as to be always in alignment with the actuat- ing mechanism, which should move in coincidence with the axis of the valve. A wise precaution is to have the valve and clearance space so designed that there shall be no pockets to retard rapid combustion and complete scav- enging, and still so as to prevent a valve from getting into the cylinder, should one happen to break from its stem. That these conditions give ideal results has been demonstrated in the Turner-Fricke engine, in which ex- haust valves have been used in almost continuous ser- vice for more than a year without regrinding and yet showing only the slightest wear. The arrangement of the valves in this engine is shown very clearly in Fig. 2— SOEs at Aa pe tee ORE BEDS A, AGS maar Saab BATA - WM Ribee FRA) re a Ai r lt a REA a val August 20, 1908 inlet in front