The Iron Age 1908-07-30: Vol 82 Iss 5

THE IRON -AGE Published every ‘Thursday Morning by Dawmd Walliams Co. 14-16 Park Place, Vol. 82: No. 5. New York, Thursday, July 30, 1908. pro diy Mtns oot het oo lua Single Copies, 15 Cents. Reading Matter Contents........ page 344 Alphabetical index to Advertisers ‘‘ 179 Classified List of Advertisers a 169 TH E ode 5 R E M. C¢ A L I B R E Remington Autoloading Rifle Advertising and Subscription Rates “ 178 || REED F. BLAIR & C0. PRICK BUILDING, PITTSBURG, PA. STANDARD CONNBLLSVILLB POUNDRY PURNACE CRUSHED IS NOW READY FOR THE MARKET ‘ : ee * The .25 Remington is the only rifle made in this calibre which boda Saw loads itself. It is an ideal gun for the smaller big game such as Ropes and Twines deer, antelope, coyote, wolves. foxes, wood chucks, etc. The .25 Rem. cartridge has a 117 gr. bullet and over 2,000 feet velo- city. Itis a small calibre, flat trajectory, high velocity cartridge. Write for full particulars. 65 Wall Street, New York Remington Autoloading Rifles are the modern big Bristol’s Patent Steel Belt Lacing game guns, Load themselves and sell themselves. i \ "S25 Remngton — Remington mz} AUTOLOADING i=» Arms Compan ay een ee —s Eee Some eS AE See Agency, 315 Broadway, New York. READY TO APPLY FINISHED JOINT The Bristol Company, Waterbury, Ct. WATER TUBE O6%e Babcock @ Wilcox Co., BRAIDED CORD ||BOELERS se. pases: °° "NowYorm New York SAMSON CORDAGE WORKS Boston, Mass. Llion, N. Y. ‘‘ Driven All Over the Worl —SURNUGRLES THE CAPEWELL NAIL i i Holds the Best! Drives the Best! Clevetand City Forge and Iron Co., - Cleveland, 0. TrURNBUCKLEZES. NO imperfect NAILS TO SPLIT the foot. NO dull points to DAMAGE the most brittle or 2a “* me Sone delicate HOOF. Maspeth, New York, N. Y. NO DANGER of your horse casting a shoe at a n critical moment WHEN “CAPEWELL’’ NAILS SO FT COAL. ARE USED. Made by rard Bullding, Phila. THE CAPEWELL HORSE NAIL COMPANY Pilling & Crane Machesney Bag Pit Hartford, Conn., U.S. A. | TUFKIN' = OGFHIN i; JENKINS BROS. VALVES do not require constant regrinding. When necessary to repair, a new Disc will usually make the valve as good as new. /enkins Discs are inexpensive, and can be readily applied by any one without taking valve from the pipe. All parts interchangeable. Write for booklet. All genuine bear Trade Mark as shown in cut. JENHINS BROS., New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago, London. MADE IN AMERICA and | THE BES T IN THE WORLD | THE LUFKIN RULE CO., Saginaw, Mich., U.S.A. New York, London, Eng. Wi indsor, Can. | If you want your work to coe aisacom weer Y!" QWVGOON” GOLd RolGO S18 cece'n: DTAWiNg axe Stamping THE AMERICAN TUBE STAMP! Cc * Apollo Best Bloom + (Water and Rail Delivery) aan oor ean peal 25 Galvanized Sheets AMERICAN MAGNOLIA ,,2°",, METAL SHEET AND TIN PLATE The Standard Babbitt of the Worlé COMP ANY We manufacture everything in the Frick Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. meramapengen MAGNOLIA METAL CO. New York: 115 Bank St. Chicago: Fisher Building. Montreal: 31 St. Nicholas St. See our Ad on Page 17 New York. THE 2. tC HE TRON AGE AGE i. jjSIPDACC Isteet |The Plume & Atwood Mig. Plume & Atwood Mf Co. BRASS "to, {Me Mame atvoo! Mie TIN PLATE ow ROSEDALE GILBERT AND BANFIELD BEST BRIGHT Surpass in Finish any CHAR- COAL BRIGHT plates obtain- able elsewhere. FOLLANSBEE BROTHERS COMPANY PITTSBURGH MAKERS OF Tin Plate & Sheet Steel sneer |oHeet and Roll Brass COPPER}: ain GERMAN (steer omen tanne area ee SILVER | my LOW BRASS, SHEET BRONZE, 279 Broadway, NEW YORK SEAMLESS BRASS AND COPPER | *°°™ 598 Hever Ocoee ae TUBING, BRAZED BRASS AND iain, ca THOMASTON, CONN. WATERBURY, CONN. Copper Rivets and Burrs WIRE Pins, mane Butt Hinges, Jack Chain Kerosene Bu rs, Lamps, Lamp Trimmings, &c. BRONZE TUBING : | §GOVILL MFG. CO. Manufacturers of Waterbury Brass Co. |] srass, GERMAN SILVER, WATERBURY, CONN. Sheets, Rati Wire, and 99 John St., New York. Providence, R. I. Brass Shells, Cups, Hinges, Buttons, Lamp G Goods. Special Brass Goods to Order. Bridgeport Deoxidized Bronze Factories: & Metal Co. WATERBURY, CONN. All Finishes, Sizes BRIDGEPORT, CONN. NEW YORK cancaeo BOSTON eee Phosphor and Deczidized | REGULAR OR DEEP Bronze HenrySouther Engineering Co, a Seneeeee Composition, Yellow Brass and Alumi- HARTFORD, CONN. num Castings, large and small = | Coneuiting Chemists, Metallure gists and Analysts. Complete Physical Testing Laboratory. Bxpert Testimony in Court and Patent Cases. Matthiessen & Hegeler Zinc Co. at. ae Arthur T. Rutter & Go. AND MANUFACTURERS 25 6 Broadway. SHEET ZINC AND SULPHURIC ACID NEW YORK. Special Sizes of Zinc cut to order. Rolled Battery Plates. Selected Plates for Etchers and Lithographers’ use. Small tubing in Brass, Copper, Selected Sheets for Paper and Card Makers’ use. Steel, Aluminum, German Silver, Stove and Washboard Blanks. &c. Sheet Brass, Copper and Gér- German Silver Wire. Brazed and S amless Brass and Copper Tube. HUAN aresee ACL LH THE GnOBEPORT BRASS co 105 -109 So, Jefferson St.. Chicago. Postal Pageant Png, 2 a j an urr s °8 eork Hay METRO MEL VOTRE ACT Se year Tier: CUTPTIU iinet heRa ace ie 85°87 Pearl gin NICKEL ANODES| Brass SHEET GERMAN SILVER | NOME ANODES THE SEYMOUR MFG. CO. - - SEYMOUR, CONN.| 4° TUBING HENDRICKS BROTHERS Copper ‘ WIRE condiinmenen at Metal Goods made to order from Sheet and BarCopper, Copper Fire Box Plates Sheet, Rod, Wire and Tubing. and Staybolts, Wire and Braziers Rivets etn Ingot Copper, Block Tin, Spelter, T Lead, Antimony, Bismuth, Nickel, etc. a 49 CLIFF STREET, - . : - NEW YORK ~ Tx , RIVERSIDE, N. J. eae canna REES ‘oP THE IRON AGE New York, Thursday, July 30, 1908. The Milwaukee High Power Miller. In the Milwaukee Ne. 3-B universal milling machine, the Kearney & Trecker Company, Milwaukee, Wis., has made a number of striking departures from usual prac- tice. ‘The machine is of constant-speed drive, high-power type, designed, as the latter designation implies, to take heavy cuts at fast feeds beyond the limit of work ordi- narily put upon a knee-type miller. That the machine is intended for heavy work is readily apparent from the iilustrations herewith. The lines as a whole suggest it. and examination into the details of any of its parts bears out the impression, strength being found where strength will be needed, ample bearing surfaces for all sliding and revolving parts and a general stockiness at all places terms of time which is a fixed standard. This is in contrast to the custom ef rating the feeds in inches per revolution of the spindle which is based on a variable standard of comparison. The new arrangement has the advantages that the feed is known at once without reduc- ing it to a time basis according to the spindle speed, being read directly on the index plate, and that fast feeds for large cutters can be had, however slowly the spindle may be running. Lubrication is one of the things that has received an unusual amount of attention and probably no machine of its class was ever more thor- oughly provided with automatic oiling arrangements. These include not only those for the various running Fig. 1.—'The Milwaukee No. 3-B Universal Miller, Built by the Kearney & Trecker Company, Milwaukee, Wis. where unfavorable leverages exist when the machine is heavily loaded. As the most prominent features, the drive, lubrication and the new universal dividing head might be men- tioned, but there are many original points in connection with the various details, all of which are interesting. The drive of the spindle and the feeds is positive. throughout; there are no belt transmissions on the ma- chine, not even for the oil pumps. All gears are under cover; nearly all of those concerned in the various trans- nussions are entirely within the column of the machine. The feeds being driven from the constant speed driving shaft are independent of the speed of the spindle, hence it is possible to rate them in inches per minute—i. e., parts, but also the cutter and work. The universal dividing head has been modified in ways that conduce to greater accuracy, rigidity, convenience and versatility. All controlling levers are at a convenient hight from the floor and within easy reach of the operator at all times. The General Design. The views of the two opposite sides of the machine, Figs. 1 and 2, are evidences of its neat and nearly sym- metrical exterior. It will be noticed that the frame has no unclosed openings and is therefore substantially of continuous box section. As viewed in Fig. 2, only one opening is seen in the frame. This is in an extension at the base and gives access to the oil reservoir holding the lubricant for the gears and bearings of the machine. Rais- 2yz THE ing the cover of this reservoir permits replenishing the sup- ply. The opening covered by the door, shown in Fig. 1, has a wall on both sides, so that it is virtually a double box section tied together by the back wall. smaller than the door would indicate, as a wall behind it extends up nearly to the level of the door knob, forming one side of a reservoir for the lubricant used on the mill- ing cutters. The opening at the top of the frame. Fig. 1, through which the gears and other parts are reached, is covered by a plate shown removed in Fig. 3. The other functions of this plate are described later in connection with the speed change mechanism. Fig. 4, a rear cf the machine, makes clear thé way in which the feed bex and pulley bracket are attached, each of these neces- sitating an opening in the frame through which a shaft extends carrying a gear engaging with the mechanism in the interior. The opening is view The Spindle Drive, The advantages of driving from a single pulley with relatively high constant speed are now quite generally et prin As eR . Fig. 2. appreciated, among them being higher power and elimina- tion of the need of a countershaft. The company’s ex- perience from commercial practice and its own tests has resulted in its discontinuing to build cone pulley driven milling machines for either manufacturing or work, toolroom In the present machine the pulley, running at about 350 rev. per min., drives a shaft that has a pinion on its inner end, engaging with a larger gear. giving a speed reduction of about 3% to 1. This larger gear runs loosely on a shaft upoy which it is free to move endwise and has a hardened steel clutch attached to one side of it. On this same shaft is another gear of the same size also carrying a clutch that meshes with a gear directly above it and on the shaft B, Fig. 4. This gear drives the feed and also meshes with the pinion @, shown in the line drawing, Fig. 5, which is located approximately at C in Fig. 4. The first large gear mentioned, the one engaged with the pinion on the pulley shaft, is moved by the lever D, Fig. 4, to engage or disengage the clutches referred to, thus starting and stopping the machine without using IRON AGE A View of the Opposite Side of the New July 30, 1908 friction clutches. This is possible because these clutches revolve at a constant speed which is low enough not to regardless of what the The pinion @, Fig. 5, drives shaft This in turn drives the a swinging bracket, e, produce excessive shock, speed spindle may be set for. b, to which is keyed the pinion ec. idler gear d, which is carried by having gear teeth, f, cut in it so that it may be manipu- lated by a long pinion on the shaft with the controlling handle E, Fig. 4. For shown ip Fig. 5, dropped down farther than it actually goes, as it swings in such a way that the pinion d engages with the various steps of the cone gear g. The endwise location of is controlled by the handle F, Fig. 3. This handle through a gear and rack, as shown in the rear view of the plate given in Fig. 3, operates the extension G engaging with the slot h, Fig. », of the swinging bracket c. convenience this segment, e, is the swinging bracket ¢ The speed plate under the hub of the handle F indi- cates 18 speeds, varying by increments of approximately 20 per cent. from 13 to 320 rey. per min. Attached to and No. 3-B Milwaukee Universal Milling Machine. revolving with the cone of gears g of Fig. 5 is the pinion i, which engages with the gear j. This gear revolves idly on the spindle and carries the pin k. The sleeve gear I, keyed to the spindle g, has two gears, m and n, which may be engaged respectively with gears o and p on the cone g, or the sleeve may be moved to the right, bringing n out of engagement with p and engaging the gear m with the pin k; thus three speeds are obtained, which multi- plied by the six speeds obtained by the cone g and the idler d gives 18 speeds in all. It will be seen that the culy gears in mesh at any one time are those actually driving: no idle gears are engaged. The gears are of lirge dimensions and all are made of steel. The speed plate is arranged with three concentric rows of figures indicating these speeds. The inner one corresponds to the slowest, and these speeds are obtained when handle H, Fig. 3, is at its upper right position. The medium speeds are obtained when this handle is at its lower left position and the fastest when it is at the point midway. Through a gear and rack the handle H the with the groove k, extension I engaging operates July 30, 1908 THE IRON AGE 293 Fig. 3.—Front and Back Views of the Plate Carrying the Spindle Speed Controlling Levers. hig. 5, on the sleeve 7, so that it can be set with ease to any one of the three positions which correspond to those indicated by the three holes on the speed plate marked “Slow,” “ Medium” and “ Fast.” Nothing could be simpler than this direct reading index dial. Unlike a separate index plate that shows by symbols what must be done with the various gear changing levers, this one reads directly. The proper thing to do to get tLe required speed is obvious and as easy as the setting of an alarm clock, It is always apparent what speed tie machine is set for, and one does not have to consult a key to find out what condition it was left in by the Jast user. In making speed changes, if the gears are not in proper relation to mesh, a touch on the hand wheel s, I'ig. 5, will turn the spindle and slightly move the gears so as to bring them into engagement. It will be noticed that the spindle runs in taper bearings, the wear being taken up by the sliding of the cone shaped bearing ft, which is accomplished by the collar w threaded to the spindle and clamped thereon by the screw v. Fig. 4.—A Front View of the Machine, Showing Its Symmetrical Design. The Feeding Mechanism. The feed is driven from the constant speed shaft B, shown in Fig. 4, through gearing quite similar to that shown by the line drawing for the spindle drive. The index plate, as before mentioned, shows the rates of feed in inches per minute rather than in thousandths of inches per turn of the spindle. Twelve changes of feed are afforded, varying from % to 16 in. per minute, or from about 0.0015 in. per turn of the spindle for small cutters to a little over 1 in. per turn for finishing cuts with large cutters. From the feed box power is trans mitted through the universal joint shaft at the side of Fig. 5.—Elevation of the Driving Gears Inside of the Column. the machine shown in Fig. 2 direct to the knee, where a spur gear reverse is provided, operated by the handle L. This handle slides a clutch between two gears running in opposite directions. A unique arrangement is made to prevent accidental e:gagement of more than one at a time of the three feeds -vertical, table and cross feed—and also to make it clear to the operator which feed he is about to use without ex- periment. For each of these three feeds there is a hole drilled in the side of the knee and stamped below are the words “ Vertical,” “Table” and “ Cross.” The location of the plunger M determines which of these feeds will be engaged when the operator starts the machine. The feed operating handles are shown in Fig. 6 in better de- tail than in Fig. 1. The plunger M as shown in this view, is set for the vertical feed. The lever N is con- nected by a cross shaft to a clutch on the shaft O. Fig. 2, und in the position for cross or vertical] feed this clutch 204 THE is withdrawn, so that the table feed becomes inoperative. In the position shown, handle P, Fig. 6, can be raised up, which engages a clutch to start the vertical feed. A downward movement of this same handle would engage the cross feed, but is prevented by the lever Q striking against the plunger M, the lever Q being connected with tbe handle P. In a similar manner engagement with the vertical feed is prevented when the plunger is set in the opposite hole marked “ Cross.” When the plunger is ip a central position it passes through the lever Q and locks it against movement in either direction, so that Fig. 6.—Detail of the Knee Showing the Feed Operating Handles. neither cross nor vertical feed can be engaged, and ip this position the clutch on shaft O comes into engage- ment with the driving gear in the knee, making the table feed operative when it is engaged by the handle R. Ad- justable trip blocks are provided to trip the feed at any desired point, and fixed trips are provided at the end of the stroke of all the feeds—S for the table feed, T for the cross feed and U for the vertical feed. The other end of each stroke is similarly protected. The vertical feed screw is of telescopic pattern and never projects below the base of the machine, so that no hole is required in the floor. On all feed screws there are ball bearing thrust col- lars; the one for the cross feed is shown at V in Fig. 6. A second ball bearing on this same screw inside of the knee takes the thrust in the opposite direction. The handles W are used to clamp the saddle K to the knee. To prevent the knee from becoming distorted on account of this clamping, or from strains produced by the action of the cutters on the work, it is cast without a hole through the top, this being a continuation of the com- pany’s practice begun with the first cone pulley machine it built. This feature is regarded as a very important one in the knee type machine, as it not only renders the machine more rigid and less liable to distortion under strain, but also permits greater cross range and conse- quently wider tables on universal machines. With short cross range the width of the table back of the center of the swivel carriage is limited by the reason of the fact that the table would strike the edge of the frame before it could be swiveled to the usual 45 degrees. This ma- chine has a table 14 in. wide, having 12 in. of range, and it can be swiveled to an angle of 52 degrees, utilizing the full table travel. It can also be swiveled through 360 degrees, and the table feed remains opera- tive at any angle. The arm braces are made so that they can be removed from the machine without taking off any nuts. They are very simple in construction and their efficiency as braces is much enhanced by an upper bolt which ties the two braces together near their tops and emphasizes their truss action. cross Lubrication. Connected with the large gear, driven by the pulley shaft pinion, is a pump of simple construction, consisting IRON AGE July 30, 1908 ef two spur gears running together in a suitable case. This pump raises the oil from the reservoir, shown at the bese in Fig. 2. to a perforated pipe at the top of the ma- chine above the gears on the spindle q, Fig. 5. Through the numerous openings in this pipe oil is delivered into the pockets w and x and to the gears between these bear- ings. This oi] is passed downward by the gears from one to the other, the shafts being located approximately in a vertical plane. From the pockets w and @ it overflows and cascades to the various pockets and bearings beneath iu continuous streams. A portion of this cascading oil finds its way into the feed box, lubricating all of its shafts and gears, and another part flows in a continuous stream through the pulley bracket, thence to the bearing next to the pulley. It will be noticed that the pulley arms are curved outward, so as to bring this outside bearing as nearly as possible in direct line with the belt pull. The oil finally drains from the bottom of the pulley bracket to the reservoir, which extends from one side ef the frame to the other, and after straining is rede- livered to the discharge pipe by the pump. The pump for lubricating the cutters is located in the closet of the machine behind the door, Fig. 1, on which the name is cast. This pump runs only when the spindle runs, whereas the other pump for lubricating the gears and bearings runs continuously, so that the pulley shaft is flooded with oil even when the machine spindle is stcpped. The pump for lubricating the cutters has a relief and pressure regulating valve for controlling the supply of oil. From this pump the pipe extends upward on the interior of the machine, emerging at a point near the top, as shown in Fig. 2, where a swinging connection is attached, and from thence the pipe connects through stop cocks to two pieces of flexible oil tubing. This is the standard equipment, but it can be varied to suit any special case, and as many of the flexible tubes may be used as are found necessary. A principal trouble heretofore with flooding oil to the table of a knee type milling machine has been the diffi- culty of returning it to the reservoir because of inade- quate means. The manner in which this has been cor- rected is indicated in Fig. 7, which shows the table and swivel carriage of the machine. In each end of the table ere cast oil pockets partitioned at mid-depth by screens. Ccrnected with the pockets is a channel at the back of Fig. 7. Details of the Table and Swivel Carriage. the table, which is divided horizontally into two sections by a strip of steel. The oil falling on the table runs into the T slots and the front and back grooves and is car- ried to the ends of the table, where it is strained by the screens and then flows to the center of the table under the strip of steel in the back channel, finally escaping through a hole to the telescoping slide J on the swivel ‘arriage. This slide is used so that the hole in the table will never run beyond the swivel carriage. An opening in the side of the slide communicates with a long open- ing in the swivel carriage, which terminates in a hole in the bottom of the carriage that registers with a cir- July 30, 1908 cufar groove in the saddle K, Fig. 2. This circular groove connects through swivel joints with the tele- scoping tube A, and the oil flows to the reservoir to be again pumped to the cutters. The steel strip shown on the top of the table in Fig. 7 is a blank with which to replace the screen when lubricant is not used, as when milling cast iron, and prevents the dust produced in cut- ting this material from finding its way into the chan- nels leading down to the reservoir. The depth of the table is a noticeable feature and avoids deflection when the table is heavily loaded and at one extreme of its travel, or put under strain by the clamping of work to it. The Universal Dividing Head. Fig. 8 shows an enlarged view of this head, from which it will be seen that the worm wheel is on the front end of the spindle. It is consequently possible to make it much larger in diameter than if it were placed in the interior of the head, where it could be no larger than the opening through which the spindle is introduced eudwise, or at most the distance between the housings. This larger diameter is conductive to accuracy, other things being equal, and the placing of the index plate and the plunger directly on the worm shaft avoids inaccuracy THE IRON AGE 295 driving shaft, and the motor can be mounted, if desired, as a part of the machine. However, the disadvantage of vibration in its effect on the work done by a milling ma- chine makes it preferable, in the opinion of many, to con- nect by belt to the motor and install the latter at a little distance from the machine or on the ceiling or a column, so that it cannot influence the work nor produce shaky cuts. Any constant speed motor may be used and no special controlling apparatus is necessary, as when using a variable speed motor. eee The Page Woven Wire Fence Company.—The new 50-ton standard basic open hearth furnace of the Page Woven Wire Fence Company, Monessen, Pa., is now in successful operation, having made several heats. Be- eause of the inadequacy of the cranes now installed, it is necessary to depart from the ordinary practice of cast- ing into a ladle carried by an overhead crane. <A 75-ton ladle is carried by a ladle car running over a 12-ft. pit, which extends lengthwise of the mill, and a 25 hp. motor drives the car. The steel is cast through a 3-in. nozzle, filling 38 7 x 9 x 72 in. molds. The stock is brought up an incline to the charging floor level by a dinkey engine Fig. 8.—The Universal Dividing Head and Tail Center. Fig. & —The Head Mounted on the Vise Base that may arise on account of indexing through gearing, which is necessary when the index plate is placed on a secondary shaft. To avoid excessive elevation of the end of the spindle when turned to a vertical position the cen- ter line of the spindle is considerably above the axis of the center block, so that the end of the spindle moves downward before reaching the vertical position. Because thé worm wheel is large in diameter and substantially made, larger spiral work is possible than could be con- sidered otherwise, and for this reason the driving mechan- ism and the change gears connecting the worm shaft with the table screw X are made strong enough for heavy work, and the method of carrying the change gears suf- ficiently rigid to withstand heavy duty. This latter result, it will be appreciated, is accomplished when the swinging bracket Y is used in connection with the semicircular bracket Z bolted to the table. To facilitate setting the universal head at any angle relative to the spindle of the machine and make it com- pletely universal, it is.arranged to interchange with the circular. base. on the vise, as shown in Fig. 9. The zero line on the head frame corresponds with the zero line on the vise base, and the center block carrying the spindle and worm wheel is also graduated, so that complete uni- versality is obtainable. This. machine has 36 in. of table feed, 12 in. of cross feed and 19 in, of vertical feed, The driving pulley is 16 in. in diameter, takes a 5-in. belt and is intended to run at 350 rev. per min. A motor can be arranged to drive the machine directly by chain or gears to the main and charged into the furnace by a Wellman high type charging machine. By the completion of this furnace the Page Company now has three furnaces in operation, the two others being the Wellman-Seaver tilting furnaces of 15 tons capacity each. The production will aggregate about 50,000 tons a year, which is about the capacity of the connected rod mill, so that the company will not be a buyer of steel in the open market hereafter. In fact, it has been most difficult for it to procure the grades of steel necessary for its specialized manufacture, namely, high carbon material for its’ fencing and spring steel wire for its wire spring demands. The company reports orders coming in very satisfactorily and all departments running. ee The R. Wallace & Sons Mfg. Company, Wallingford, Conn., has been granted the benefit of the drawback on duty paid on steel imported for the manufacture of spoons to be exported. The regulations issued by the Treasury Department state that “in liquidation, the quantity of imported steel which may be taken as the basis for the allowance of drawback may equal the quantity consumed as declared in the drawback entry, provided it shall not exceed 12.96 lb. for each gross of tablespoons, and 6.58 Ib. for each gross of teaspoons exported, to which weights may be added 90.78 per cent. in the case of tablespoons, and 81.42 per cent. in the case of teaspoons, to compen- sate for worthless waste incurred in the process of manu- facture.” aX yf ) A New Friction Block for Wire Draw- ing Frames. frames, its essential The Carroll friction block for wire drawing detail in the illustrations, feature a friction clutch of the coil type, and is designed to meet the requirements of modern wire drawing: That the block should be so driven that it brought gradually and smoothly to full speed in order to decrease the shock on the gear teeth, to minimize the breaking of points and make possible an increase in speed: that the operator should be able to start and stop the block with ease even under the most unfavorable conditions, such as with a heavy coil and draft. which means quicker work in handling the block and greater safety in emergencies ; and that the top of the block should be kept as low as possible and free from obstructions to facilitate the re- moval of the heavy coils which are becoming common in modern wire drawing. To meet these conditions the designer and builder, the Morgan Construction Company, Worcester, Mass., adopted shown in has as may be ] > yee sho is Pp SITS A, Fig. 1 One of the Friction Blocks Mounted on a Rod Frame a friction clutch for driving the block. sele-ting the coil type in preference to all others, and decided to place it within the block itself, on the ground that in this posi- tion it would have the least weight to set in motion; that the entire block with its clutch might its frame without dismantling other parts; and that the clutch could be connected directly to the block. Two other options in clutch location, on the main or bevel pin- ion shaft in direct connection with the bevel pinion, and on the spindle between the spindle gear and the clutch which drives the block, were rejected after thorough test. In selecting the coil type of clutch it was borne in mind that its principle is the same as that of the wire block itself, for it is the friction of a few wraps around the drawing block—the others being loose—which pulls the wire through the drawing die. In the clutch it is a few wraps of clutch coil around a center drum which drives the block. Clutches of this type have been used in heavy transmission for years, and in this block the clutch is arranged to operate submerged in oil, so that wear is considered unimportant. be removed from Construction and Operation, Fig. 1 shows the block mounted on a rod frame, and the details of the block are shown in Fig. 2. A cast iron hub or drum, a, with outside surface chilled and ground, is fastened on the spindle, and has an annular recess, J, into which projects the concentric flange of the oil cup c¢, a U-shaped annular casting in which the driving mechan- ism of the clutch rests submerged in oil. The cup is THE IRON AGE July 30, 1g08 Conventional Section of the Friction Block. and block proper d. fastened to therefore forms a part of the shell or Wrapped around the outside of the chilled hub is a soft steel spiral coil, e, having its lower end, f/f, fastened to the oil cup and the top or smaller end to the supplementary friction ring g, which, when the clutch is set, engages a tapered surface. i, on the upper part of the chilled hub. The friction ring is held in contact with the tapered surface of the chilled hub by tension springs, i. but is lifted out of contact by the raising of ring k carry- ing standards 7 which engage the The friction block raising and lowering the friction ring. The entire clutch mechanism is entirely enclosed in the shell, which is so attached that by removing two 1uts it may be lifted off and replaced by another of the same or different diameter, the method being shown in Fig, 3. In the operation of the machine, after the block and clutch have been placed upon the spindle, the foot treadle is adjusted so that the ring k may be raised and lowered when the block is ready to start, the spindle being in motion. When the ring k and consequently the friction ring g are lowered from their raised positions to start the block the friction ring contact with the tapered surface of the chilled hub, and begins to revolve and tighten the small end of the clutch coil to which it is attached. Each wrap of the coil tends to take up a succeeding one, until the friction between the coil and the chilled hub is sufficient to start the block slowly and draw the wire through the die. The operator has only to raise the supplementary friction ring to release the ring 4”. is operated by comes in Fig. 3.—A Friction Block with the Shell Lifted, Showing the Ciutch and the Two Retaining Bolts. July 30, 1908 Fig. 4. clutch coil and stop the block. As the supplementary friction ring is free to revolve in a complete circle it will adjust itself automatically to any variation in the length of the clutch coil due to stretch or wear, and therefore no adjustment is necessary after installation. It will be noticed that the block and clutch mechanism, with the exception of the friction ring, are supported by the block spindle and are not raised or lowered, parture from common practice. Consequently the maxi- mum force required of the operator is that necessary to raise the friction ring against the springs i, a force the same whether the block is loaded or empty. In practice a few pounds pressure upon the treadle suffices to start or stop the block under any load. which is a de- To demonstrate the power of this clutch the company states that during rigid tests 300 hp. has been trans- mitted at 100 rev. per min. with the regular clutch used in blocks from 22 to 30 in. in diameter. The clutch is also made to handle blocks from 16 to 22 in. Manufac- turing usage in wire mills has shown that it is a prac- tical device for the rough work of wire drawing. One THE IRON AGE 297 One of the Friction Blocks Fitted to a Bull Frame. has been operated for two years drawing wire of high carbon steel from 5-16 to 1% in. in diameter, with no ac- justments or repairs except the renewal of the steel jaws that grip the end of the rod. Among the advantages claimed for the block are that only a small must be accelerated when starting, ninimizing strains throughout the machine; that high speeds may be employed, with consequent high tonnage: that its diameter can be varied by proyijng spare outer shells, and that the shells, which e"™ i ject to the most wear, can be quickly replaced; fat Tt can be applied to almost any frame of the vertical spindle type, either withont changes to the existing frame or with very slight changes to the upper end of the block spindles; and that the speed of the block is closely regulated and controlled by the operator, who cannot start up with a shock even if he should attempt to do so. Tests of the Block, Fig. 4 shows the friction block fitted to a bull frame. Below are given the results of tests with the new friction block, employing an indicator by which accurate mass time Fig. 5. ~The Indicator Used in the Friction Block Experiments. 298 records could be made. The experiments were made on a Morgan heavy rod frame No, 302, the block spindles of which consist of a cast iron sleeve 5 in. in diameter cast around a steel shaft, this cast iron sleeve having a flange rear the lower end to which is bolted the driving gear, and another at the top provided with lugs for driving the block. The distance between these flanges is 1.5 ft. Upon the upper end of one spindle was fitted a friction block, on another the company’s standard block, which is fitted with a positive clutch. The object of the experiments was to determine the length of time required to bring a point upon the sur- face of the block from rest to full speed when the clutch was thrown in quickly and under the most unfavorable conditions. The time required for starting up either of the blocks is comparatively short, and a mechanism for accurately measuring short intervals of time was abso- lutely necessary for the success of the experiments. Such a recorder, which was developed in the company’s shops, is shown in Fig. 5, and was found to answer the purpose admirably. It consists of a drum carrying a sheet of paper and driven uniformly by a constant speed motor. Extending parallel with the axis of this drum are three slotted tubes carrying points which can be in- MAXIMUM VELOCITY OF RECOIL —=837 FT. PER MIN. ae CURVE OF CONSTANT VELOCITY == 458 FT. PER MIN. | CARD A MADE By 25” STANDARD BLOCK WITHOUT CUSHION SPRINGS SPEED OF BLOCK 70 R.P.M.== 458 FT. PER MIN. PULL ON WIRE = 2000 LBS. > 7 MOVEMENT OF WIRE THROUGH DIE TO ACQUIRE A VELOCITY OF 458 FT. PER MIN. MAXIMUM VELOCITY OF RECOIL = 637 FT. PER MIN CURVE OF CONSTANT z VELOCITY == 458 FT. PER MIN. CARD C MADE BY 25” CARROLL FRICTION BLOCK SPEED OF BLOCK =70 R.P.M.== 458 FT. PER MIN. PULL ON WIRE = 2000 LBS. TREADLE KICKED OUT WIRE THROUGH DIE TO ACQUIRE A VELOCITY OF PER MIN to MOVEMENT OF 468 FT. CARD D MADE BY 25” CARROLL FRICTION BLOCK SPEED OF BLOCK =70 R.P.M.==458 FT. PER MIN. PULL ON WIRE = 2000 LBS. TREADLE RAISED SLOWLY THROUGH DIE TO ACQUIRE A VELOCITY, MOVEMENT OF WIRE OF 458 FT. PER MIN. Fig. 6.—-Typical Cards Obtained in the Tests from the Indicator. dependently connected to any moving piece. When sev- eral motions are involved the use of separate pencils is indispensable, but in the present case it was necessary to use only one in testing each block. To this pencil was attached a cord by whith it could be pulled along the recording drum against the tension of a spring. The other end of the cord was made fast to a point on the surface of the block and arranged to unwind as the block started; hence, as the whole system was kept in tension by the spring above mentioned, the motion of the surface of the block was accurately recorded by the move- ment of the pencil. ; When adjustments had been properly made the foot treadle of the clutch was kicked out as quickly as ‘possi- ble, whereupon the block started and the pencil was pulled across the recording drum at the same rate of speed as any point upon the surface of the block. Inas- much as the drum was revolving at a certain known sur- face speed per second, it was easy to compute the time required by the block to reach constant speed by noting the slope of the record line, as will be evident from an inspection of the diagrams, Fig. 6. The vertical distances from the base line show the actual distance from rest traversed by a point upon the block, and the horizontal distances measured from any point toward the left give THE IRON AGE July 30, 1908 the elapsed time. Evidently a line of constant speed on such a diagram would be a diagonal straight line, and if the actual speed at which the drawing frame spindles - ure driven is known, a theoretical line of constant speed can be laid out. Results of Tests. Card A was made by a standard 25-in. block weighing 300.11 lb. and driven by a positive clutch which allowed no give at starting. The rod fastened to this block re- quired a pull of about 200 lb. to draw it through the die. The block spindle revolved 70 rev. per min., which would equal about 458 ft. per minute drawing speed. This card shows that the circumference of the block acquired a velocity of 458 ft. per minute in a movement of about % in. at the circumference. At this point the block spindle, which had been twisted more in overcoming the inertia of the block in starting than was necessary to keep the block revolving at 70 rev. per min, and drawing the wire, started to recoil like a spring and snapped the wire up to a velocity of 837 ft. per minute, then it settled back to 458 ft. per minute, after which the speed curve is very nearly a straight line. Card C was made by a Carroll friction block under exactly the same conditions as for card A, including the kicking out of the treadle by the operator to start the block in the least possible time with a clutch of this type. This card shows that it required about six times as long to acquire a speed of 458 ft. as it did with card A. Also, on account of starting more gradually, there was much less torsion, or twist, in the driving shaft, as the maxi- mum speed of recoil was 537 ft. per minute. Card D was made by a Carroll friction block with ex- actly the same conditions as card C, except that the foot treadle was raised slowly by the operator instead of being kicked out as for card C, This card shows that the block did not acquire the full speed of 458 ft. per minute until the circumference of the block had moved 5 in., or 20 times as far as in card A; that at no time did the drawing speed of the wire exceed 458 ft. per minute and that there is hardly any recoil of the shaft. Regu- lar operating conditions are much more favorable than those of the test, for the block can be brought up to speed almost at will, and if the length of the indicator roll permitted it would be as easy to trace a card 5 ft. as 5 in. long. Cenclusions, The constant force required to start a wire block from rest and accelerate its velocity or speed varies directly as the number of revolutions per minute, and inversely as the time or distance through which it acts. For ex- ample, if the speed be doubled, then double the force is required; if the time or distance be doubled, half the force is required, all other conditions remaining the same in both cases. A standard 25-in. block which weighed 355.11 Ib. was used in making these tests, and it required a constant force of 535 lb. applied to the lugs at a radius of 6 in. from the center of the spindle to start the block from rest and acquire a velocity of 458 ft. (equal to 70 rev.) per min- ute in a distance of 1-in. circular movement of a point in the circumference. To start this block in one-fourth the time or distance, as shown in card A, it required a constant force of 4 x 5035 Ib. = 20,140 lb. If the above block acquired full speed in a circular movement at the circumference of 5 in., as shown on card D, the constant =1007 Ib. To this add the force required to draw the wire through the die, which was about 2000 Ib. at a radius of 12.5 in, or 12.5 x 2000 . =% = 4167 Ib. on a 6-in. radius. : 5035 force required would equal - 5 Then the total constant force applied at 6 in. radius to acquire a speed equal to 70 rev. per min. in 1-in. circular movement of a point in the circumference of a 25-in. diameter block will equal 5035_.+ 4167- = 9202 Ib., or for %4-in. movement, (4 x 5035) * 4167 = 24,307 Ib., and for 5-in. movement 5035 at the circumference, as shown by card D, - 4167 = 5174 lb.. or about 21 per cent. of the force necessary with the positive type of clutch. It is the large force required July 30, 1908 to start the block almost instantly, as shown by card A, which produces the severe strains in a wire drawing ma- chine and is responsible for the excessive wearing and breaking of its parts. The many incidental advantages following from the abolition of this initial shock have already been summed up in detail. > oe —__ —- The Gisholt Double Emery Grinder. Water around a wet emery grinder is generally accept ed as a necessary evil, and after a certain amount of pre- caution has been taken to limit it to an unharmful nui- sance it is assumed that the best has been made of a bad situation. The Gisholt Machine Company, Madison, Wis., took a different attitude and in the double grinding ma- chine illustrated, which is one originally designed for use in its own shops, it has effectively removed the objection- able features of using water in connection with an emery grinder. The measures taken to prevent water from being scattered about the floor are three-fold. The water in- stead of being discharged on the wheel over the work rest is emitted from a nozzle in the back of the rest and The New Double Emery Grinder Made by the Gisholt Machine Company, Madison, Wis. follows around with the wheel, finally meeting the work in a fine spray. An incidental advantage of this is that the werk is not obscured by a shower of water. The hood over the wheels incloses them as completely as pos- sible, leaving only a small space on the periphery of each whee: for contact with the work. Practically no water ean therefore be thrown by the rapidly revolving wheels, and when doing dry grinding very little emery dust is likely to fly about in the air. Finally a very large water pan is provided so flared on the sides and front that a piece cf work 14 in: long comes entirely within the pan so that any drip from it will be caught by the pan, from which it drains into the tank in the base. Another interesting feature of the machine is the protection of the spindle driving belt. This, as may be seen, is entirely inclosed in the column of the machine. The main driving pulley instead of being directly on the spindle is on a short shaft extending through the column uder the pan and on the interior carries the spindle driving pulley and on the opposite end the grooved pulley for driving the water pump. The main belt is not located where exposed to injury from water and emery aid the second belt is completely shielded from them as just explained. The spindle is mounted in adjustable self-oiling boxes, THE IRON AGE 299 and end play in the spindle is taken up by two adjust- ing screws in the face of the spindle driving pulley. The spindle carries two 1!4-in. face by 14-in. diameter emery wheels. The water is delivered from the ample reservoir to the nozzles through controlling valves by a centrifugal pump in the base belted to the grooved pulley before mentioned. The machine is very heavy and may be supplied with either belt or motor drive. ——__ ~~» +e Repairs to the Niagara Power Tunnel. On Sunday, July 19, the Niagara Falls Power Com- pany shut down its two generating plants at Niagara Falls, N. Y., to make repairs to the tunnel tailrace that carries the water from the wheelpits to the lower river. A few weeks ago the water was shut out of the tunnel in order that it might be inspected. In both wheelpits and throughout the entire length of the main tunnel be- tween wheelpit No. 1 and the tunnel outlet in the lower river, about 1 1-3 miles, the engineers say that not a brick was replaced and there was no sign of material erosion beyond the rounding of the edges of an occasional brick projecting a fraction of an inch beyond the sur- rounding surface of the wall. The tunnel has had 13 years of continuous use. In 1902 an extension of the tunnel to take the dis- charge from wheelpit No. 2 was completed, and two shafts were constructed for the purpose of discharging the ice from the intake canal directly into the tunnel extension. The recent inspection showed that in two places in this extension the roof had been damaged, presumably by the impact of heavy blocks of ice discharged from the canal through the two shafts. The floor of the tunnel extension beneath each of these shafts is paved with iron blocks, but the projection upward of the heavy pieces of ice with force sufficient to injure the roof structure was not an- ticipated. In the summer of 1903 a substantial buffer of steel beams was placed just above the tunnel roof at the bottom of the ice shaft at the north end of the canal near power house No. 1. Cakes of ice must now strike upon this buffer and are completely shattered before entering the tunnel. The same construction is possible in the other ice shaft, but has not been placed there be- cause since the winter of 1903-1904 it has been found un- necessary to discharge large cakes of ice through that par- ticular shaft, and such use of the shaft is not expected to be necessary in the future. The appearance of the tunnel] extension confirmed the judgment of the engineers that the injuries were done several years ago and that the cause of them no longer exists. The fact that the tunnel extension has been operated continuously for years under present conditions evidently indicates that it might be operated safely for an indefinite further period. A decision, however, has been made by the com- pany to make repairs at once, chiefly because the com- pany’s customers are better able during the present month to arrange for such reduction in their power use than they will be later. While the work is in progress the needs of all local customers will be taken care of by the plant of the Canadian Niagara Power Company. The latter will also supply a share of the long distance load, the remainder of which will be carried by the plant of the Electrical Development Company of Ontario, Ltd. —————>-+e—__ The Pittsburgh Emery Wheel Company, Pittsburgh, Pa., has been successful in bringing some vitrified emery wheels through on an order in perfect condition with 26 in. in width of face. This is stated by the company to be an extraordinary proposition, as it is not known that any such wheel has been made elsewhere by this process. This is the second order of the kind the company has brought through successfully. The officers and employees of the Allis-Chalmers Con:pany, Milwaukee, joined in their annual picnic July 25 at Waukesha, Wis. The company has for several years adopted the plan of devoting one day to a picnic for all its employees. President W. H. Whiteside acted as chairman of the general Advisory Committee. 300 THE IRON AGE Grinding Disk Tests. To determine the comparative efficiency for grinding cast iron, with different kinds and makes of abrasive disks, such as are commonly used on disk grinders, tie Gardner Machine Company, Beloit, Wis., recently made quite an extensive series of tests. Six different kinds of disks were tested, which as designated in the accom- paying table were as follows: No. 1 a Gardner improved abrasive disk No. 126. Nos. 2, 2 and 4 well known makes of grinding disks, all ex- teusively used and of excellent qualify as compared to commercial emery cloth; No. 5, a disk of regular No, 24 cou,mercial emery cloth: and No, 6, the same in emery pauper. The disks tested were all 20 in. in diameter and al] except Nos. 5 and 6 were of No. 16 grain. The grind- ins wa