The Iron Age 1908-02-20: Vol 81 Iss 8

TH Published every Thurs& Vol. 81: No. 8. Reading Matter Contents Alphabeticai Index to Advertisers Classified List of Advertisers Advertising and Subscription Rates ‘‘ page 638 os 205 S 195 204 REED F. BLAIR & CO. PRICK BUILDING, PITTSBURG, PA. STANDARD CONNELLSVILLE COKE FURNACE CRUSHED FOUNDRY The American-Mfg. Co. Ropes and Twines 65 Wall 3513 8 New York 7 Morning by David Williams Co. 14-16 Park Place, New York New York, Thursday, February 20, 1908. We Hold Out to you, Mr. Dealer, a pow- erful asset which you cannot afford to overlook. It is the wide reputation and established popu- $5 OO a _ Year, including Postage. Single Copies, 15 Cents Hold Out to your customers this reputation and popu: Get hold of the public’s confidence — the larity. keynote of retailing — by selling goods known to be of = Sse ame = larity of U. M, C. Shot Shells Superior Quality The Union Metallic Cartridge Company Write for Folders and Game Laws to M. HARTLEY COMPANY, Sole Representative, 313 Broadway, N. Y. BRISTOL'S RECORDING INSTRUMENTS For all commercial purposes. Yjg Simple, Accurate, Durable Used everywhere by those who are satisfied with the best only. Send for Cat. R and Prices. THE BRISTOL CO,, Waterbury, Conn, NEw YorRE CHICAGO Ghe Babcock @ Wilcox Co. 85 Liberty Street New York WATER TUBE Sash Cord BOILERS See page 55 Clothes Lines Masons’ Lines Chalk Lines SAMSON CORDAGE WORKS, Boston, Mass. TURNBUCHLES fii Cleveland City Forge and tron Co., - Cleveland, O. “Capewell Nails! Quick Sales! @ There is a much larger demand by horseshoers for ‘‘Capewell” horseshoe nails than for other brands. @ ‘‘Capewell’’ drive the best, hold the best and SELL THE BEST MADE BY The Capewell Horse Nail Company Hartford, Conn., U.S. A. BASIC. PIG. Pilling & Grane ¥en mie: Ps | LLFRIN Wi. | Empire Bldg., New York and DE IN AMERIC Excelsior Straightway Back-Pressure Valve has a full, unobstructed passage through it nearly in line with the pipe, and therefore offers no resistance to the free flow of steam. Thoroughly reliable when used as a back pressure valve, it is also adapted for use as a relief or free exhaust valve for condensers. By changing position of outside lever, it will work equally well in a vertica! or horizontal position. RULES | CA | THE BEST - ee WORLD LUFKIN RULE OO. Saginaw, Mich., U.S.A. THE ; _New ¥ York, | , London, _Eng., _Windsor, Can. JENKINS BROS., New York, Boston, Philadelphia a Is unex- Drawing and Samping Chicago, London. GOOD ROOF “Swed” bald Rolled DUBE! senes tor mi makes a satisfied customer, and satisfied AMBRICAN TUBB & STAMPING COMPANY customers are permanent ones. Bucpenvens, Comm, page 2 Don’t run chances of losing a good cus- tomer. Use our M.F. Brand and know that he is satisfied and that you are both safe. See AMERICAN SHEET AND TIN PLATE COMPANY’S Ad on Page 15, (Water and hae Deliene) MAGNOLIA raiciion METAL The Standard Babbitt of the World Bab itt a ne, MAGNOLIA METAL CO. ee 11g Bank St. Chicago: Fisher Building. Montreal: 31 St. Nicholas St om menenee in {the New York: AGE SH ol WIRE SHEET THE IRON BRASS|": COPPER} ‘=. GERMAN is, SILVER | wae LOW BRASS, SHEET BRONZE, SEAMLESS BRASS AND COPPER TUBING, BRAZED BRASS AND BRONZE TUBING : : : : ¢ Waterbury Brass Co. WATERBURY, CONN. New York. Providence, R. I. TIN PLATE Do You Want Charcoal Bright Tin Plate with the finest finish obtainable — a_ mirror - like surface? Then Try FOLLANSBEE! Do your requirements call for a quality of TIN PLATE or SHEET STEEL Suitable for the most diffi- cult drawing or stamping operations ? You can get it from FOLLANSBEE BROTHERS COMPANY Pittsburgh 99 John St., & Metal Co. BRIDGEPORT, CONN. Phosphor and Deoxidized Bronze Composition, Yellow Brass and Alumi« num Castings, large and small Matthiessen & Hegeler Zinc Co. La Salle, Illinois. SMELTERS OF SPELTER AND MANUFACTURERS SHEET ZINC AND SULPHURIC ACID Special Sizes of Zinc cut to order. Rolled Battery Plates. Selected Plates for Etchers and Lithographers’ use, Selected Sheets for Paper and Card Makers’ use. Stove and Washboard Blanks. ZINCS FOR LECLANCHE BATTERY. BUSS rere eG 105-109 So, Jefferson St., Chicago. Best Bronze, Babbitt Metals, Brass and Aluminum CASTINGS GERMAN SILVER | NICKEL AnoveEs Brass, Bronze. and Copper THE SEYMOUR MFG. CO. - - SEYMOUR, CONN. ae HENDRICKS BROTHERS tthe Belleville Copper Rolling Mills, Manufacturers of Braziers’ Bolt and Sheathing COPPER COPPER WIRE AND RIVETS Importers and Dealers in Ingot Ca>per, Block Tin, Spelter, Lead, Antimony, etc. #9 CLIFF ST., NEW YORH. Bridgeport Deoxidized Bronze Consulting Chemists, The Plume & Atwood Mfg. Co. Manufacturers of Sheet and Roll Brass WIRE Printers’ Brass, Jewelers’ Metal, German Silver and Gilding Metal, Copper Rivets and Burrs oie, Brass Butt Hinges, Jack Chain Kerosene urners, Lamps, Lamp Trimmings, &c. 279 Broadway, NEW YORK Room 508 Heyworth Building, East Madi- son St., CHICAGO, ILL. Rolling Mill Factories THOMASTON, CONN. WATERBURY, CONN. SCOVILL MFG. CO. MANUFACTURERS OF BRASS, GERMAN SILVER, Sheets, Rolls, Wire Rods, Bolts and Tubes, Beass Shells, Cups, Hinges, Buttons, Lamp Goods, Special Brass Goods to Order. FACTORIES: WATERBURY, CONN. DEPOTs: CHICAGO BOSTON HenrySouther Engineering Co, HARTFORD, CONN. NEW YORK Metallur- gists and Analysts. Complete Physical Testing Laboratory. Expert Tes timony in Court and i Patent Cases. Arthur. Rutter & Co. 256 Broadway NEW YORK Small tubing in Brass, Copper, Steel, Aluminum, German Silver, &c. Sheet Brass, Copper and German Silver. Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire. Brazed and Seamless Brass and Copper Tube. Copper and Brass Rod. “¢ Search-Light”’ GAS Bicycle Lanterns Send for Circulars and Electrotypes. The BRIDGEPORT BRASS CO. BRIDGEPORT, CONN. Postal PS a ag Building, Peerer and rray Street, NEW YORK. PHOSPHOR-BRONZE GERMAN SILVER THE RIVERSIDE METAL Co. Riversipe, N. J. THE IRON AGE New York, Thursday, February 20, 1908. The Andrews Steel Company’s Plant. Specially Equipped for Rolling Sheet Bars and Billets. The new plant, which will soon be ready for opera- tion, of the Andrews Steel Company, at Newport, Ky., might be termed a model special product mill. It was installed for the purpose of economically producing sheet bars and billets, but the sheet bars will constitute the special product, and billets will only be made as a side issue. The sheet bars are rolled without reheating after the ingot leaves the soaking pit, and when the mill is in full operation it is conservatively estimated that it will produce 300 tons of sheet bars per turn. The layout of the entire plant is shown in the plan, Fig. 2, and was the work of the United Engineering & Foundry Company, Pittsburgh, Pa., which company also Fig. 1.—The Soaking Pits and 34-In. Blooming Mil designed and built the rolling and handling apparatus illustrated in the accompanying engravings. The erection of the plant was in charge of William Andrews. Theodore Nielander, of the Andrews Steel Company, superintended the erecting of the machinery, and the open hearth fur- naces were designed and built by Mr. Morgan, also of the Andrews Steel Company. The officers of the company are J. A. Andrews, president; Joseph B. Andrews, vice-pres- ident; William N. Andrews, secretary, and A, L. An- drews, treasurer. The Sequence of Operations. The steel is cast from the three 50-ton open hearth furnaces into ingots about 18 x 20 in., which are stripped by a Morgan Engineering Company’s stripping crane, after which they are taken to the two pit furnaces shown in Fig. 1. Each furnace has four pits, each capable of containing eight ingots. The soaking pit crane delivers the reheated ingots to the blooming mill table, which car- ries them to the 34-in. blooming mill, and the latter is arranged to roll them into billets or suitable shapes for the sheet bar mill. The blooming mill can be seen in the distance in Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 shows a closer view of the mill and tables. The mill is equipped with an improved Kennedy manipulator, and is driven by a 46 x 60 in. double reversing engine. After leaving the blooming mill the blooms are sheared by a 10 x 10 in. bloom shear to the desired lengths, and are either passed on to the sheet bar mill or pushed off the loading ‘table to be shipped as billets. The 1 in the Andrews Steel Company’s Plant at Newport, Ky. shear, and also the skids and truck used when making billets, are shown in Fig. 4. The bloom shear is equipped with a drawback and tilting table, specially designed, which enables crop ends to be easily disposed of and facilitates handling the sheared blooms. Leaving the shear, the billets are carried by tables to the sheet bar mill, in which the method of handling is somewhat unique and is completely covered by patents. The sheet bar mill has two stands of 24-in. diameter rolls, Figs. 5 and 6, driven by a 46 x 60 in. single cylinder engine. The roughing stand is three-high, while the fin- ishing stand has two-high chilled rolls. The billet enters the bottom pass of the roughing stand, and as it passes through the rolls it raises a switch, Fig. 6, which drops after the billet has passed, and the billet, being caught by the pinch rolls just beyond the switch, is forced back 578 and up along the switch so as to enter the succeeding top pass. This is repeated as many times as desired, and on the final pass the bar enters a Y-shaped chute on the approach side, Fig. 5, which carries it over under the pinch rolls on the approach side of the mil! and back THE IRON AGE February 20, 1908 up the other leg of the Y and into the finishing rolls. Only one pass is made in the finishing rolls, which are plain chilled rolls, intended mainly to give surface to the bar. 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This is arranged to take three or four bars at a time, so as to enable it to keep up with February 20, 1¢08 the mill. It is located under the crane runway. which also commands the shipping tracks and gives ready means for loading. Other Features of the Plant, The plant is equipped with 12 Duff double gas pro ducers, hand fired, which supply the three open hearth THE IRON AGE 579 deliver the coal to larvys on a track on the same level With the feed hoppers of the producers, and also at suffi- cient elevation to deliver the coal by gravity to the stokers in the boiler house. The coal handling apparatus was designed by the Jeffrey Mfg. Company, Columbus, Ohio. Beyond the end of the hot bed there is formed Fig. 3.—The 34-In. Blooming Mill and Tables. furnaces and also the soaking pits. Provision is made for increasing the number of producers to 18 or more and adding two 50-ton furnaces. Coal is received by rail or river, and is conveyed from cars or. barge to a crusher, from which it is delivered, by special handling apparatus, to three bins, provision being made to store -various qual- ities of coal in separate bins, as desired. These bins a natural réservoir, to which water is pumped from the Licking River by a centrifugal pump. The water for the boilers is softened and purified by a We-fu-go system of 3750-hp. capacity, furnished by the Wm. B. Scaife & Sons Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. The function of this apparatus is to purify the water from the Licking River, which at times contains considerable acid 580 THE as well as much scale forming matter. The system con- sists essentially of two large treating tanks 24 ft. in diameter by 20 ft. high, equipped with a mechanical stirring device operated by an electric motor. Floating outlet pipes supply the water to mechanical gravity filters, from which it flows to the heater. The entire system is arranged to be operated from the ground, which IRON AGE Febtuary 20, 1908 sure of 500 Ib. throughout the mill, and two 12 and 20 x 10 x 24 in. compound duplex plunger boiler feed pumps. All of these were supplied by the Wilson-Snyder Com- pany, Pittsburgh, Pa. tre The exports of domestic merchandise from the United States in the month of January attained a total va'ue Fig. 5.—The Approach Side of the 24-In. Sheet Bar Mill. 7} makes it convenient and reduces the amount of atten- tion required. The pumping plant consists of two 12 and 20 x 14 x 24 in. compound duplex plunger supply pumps, which take the water from the reservoir and deliver it at the mill; two 22 and 36% x 10 x 36 in. compound hydraulic duplex pressure pumps for supplying a hydraulic pres- The Delivery Side of the 24-In. Sheet Bar Mill. of $206,211,835, which is only about $900,000 less than the exports for December, which were the largest on record. The imports for the month were only $85,698,704, the lowest since July, 1905. The excess of exports over im- ports was the enormous sum of $120,513,131. The condi- tion of our international trade is shown by these figures to be exceedingly satisfactory for this country. February 20, 1908 Bounty and Rebate Asked for Canadian Ship- building. Toronto, February 15, 1908.—The question of aiding the shipbuilding industry was brought up in the House of Commons February 11. The subject under discussion was the building of a government icebreaker in England. The member for Simcoe, the constituency in which the Collingwood Shipbuilding Company’s works are located, seized the opportunity to point out that the shipbuilding industry of the country is suffering from the policy which permits ships to go to United States yards for repairs and to return to their Canadian routes absolutely free of duty. To have Canadian shipping, he contended, Cana- dian produce must be carried in Canadian bottoms. With- out discriminating against Great Britain, the Canadian Government could, he said, undertake to rebate the duty on every part that goes into every ship built or repaired in Canadian yards. Had that policy been followed, the THE IRON AGE 581 Canadian yards. The Minister of Customs replied by pointing to the fact that something had recently been done for the benefit of Canadian builders, namely, the cancelling of the coasting trade privileges enjoyed by vessels of several foreign countries. No leaning toward or from the bounty proposal or the rebate proposal was indicated in his speech. At a time when a great outcry is being raised against the iron and steel industries, the Government may be less disposed than ever to offer pre- miums to shipbuilders. Some weeks ago when the Min- ister of Public Works was in Collingwood, the case for a shipbuilding bounty was strongly pressed upon his at- tention. His answer was sympathetic, but non-committal. OC; Ae Co —_—__~.>--e___—_ Welding Copper and Brass to Steel. The Colonial Steel Company, Pittsburgh, has _per- fected a process of welding copper and brass to steel. Fig. 7.—The Cooling Bed and Table at the Andrews Steel Company’s Plant. contract for building the icebreaker for Northumberland Straits would not, in his opinion, have gone out of Can- ada. Shipbuilding, he maintained, is the only industry in the country that is not protected. Being a supporter, and not an opponent, of the Government, his remarks on the subject could not be prompted by any desire to ex- press censure. He went so far as to say that he would favor the payment of a bounty. Several other members spoke, including three from the Maritime Provinces and three from Ontario. All were in favor of a bounty and of the exemption from duty of articles used in shipbuilding. Reference was made to the backwardness of the industry in Canada. The member for South York, Ontario, urged the Gov- ernment to be generous to the industry. A fair field for Canadian builders would, he said, attract great works from the United Kingdom. As a matter of fact, one great British concern has had representatives looking oyer the situation here quite recently, to report on the advantages for the establishment of works. But the British builders want a tonnage bounty. The member for South York said that the ocean vessels of the Cana- dian Pacifie line and those of lines that are to run in con- nection with the Grand Trunk Pacific should be built in The company states that in the last six months, since it has begun to develop this process, it has never failed to make a perfect weld of either metal to the steel, and it is to-day making sheets with copper on one or both sides, sheets with copper on one side and brass on the other, brass on one or both sides, or brass and copper on the same side, divided in layers if necessary. The process consists in taking a billet of steel and welding thereon a piece of copper or brass of the pro- portionate thickness which it is to bear to the sheet when finished. After welding the billet is heated and rolled in the same manner that copper or brass sheets would be rolled. The proof of the welding is made positive by the fact that the two metals roll uniformly, bearing the rela- tive proportion in which they started in the billet. The copper and brass may vary in thickness, according to the uses desired by the consumer, and this does not affect the quality of the welding process. The combination product can be made for stamping and drawing, and has more rigidity than can possibly be given to ordinary brass or copper. It has much more strength and can be adapted for such purposes as rods or tubing made from strips, and is especially adapted for making brass bedsteads. It is protected by letters patent. ee nies J 582 THE IRON AGE February 20, 1908 The Carnegie Steel Company’s Newark Warehouses. The Largest Plant in the World for the Storage of Structural and Merchant Steel. The largest warehouses in the world for the storage of structural and merchant stee] have been completed at Newark, N. J., by the Carnegie Steel] Company, and the two buildings comprising the company’s storage facili- ties are being stocked with material. The location of the plant, so adjacent to New York, it being only about 13 miles by rail from the country’s metropolis, is an important point to consumers in the Manhattan territory, enabling them, as it will, to obtain quick deliveries on structural and merchant steel in particularly large quantities. Its importance to the export trade will be immediately ap- preciated when it is understood that the plant is located OFFICE e | | | | Advantages of the Location. The company’s plant is located in the Waverly sec- tion of Newark, nearly on Newark bay, and it is evident that much thought was given to the selection of an ad- vantageous site for the plant, as it is probable that be- fore long the work of dredging the bay, now under way, will be extended to a point opposite the warehouses. A movement is now on foot in the city of Newark for the construction of municipal docks near Waverly for the loading of seagoing vessels, the Board of Works of that city having been authorized by the Common Council to have preliminary surveys made, with estimates as to the cost of the work. Contractors engaged by the Govern- ment are now dredging for a ship channel from the Kill von Kull through a considerable distance of Newark bay, . for the accommodation of seagoing vessels, and the New- ark Board of Trade, which is behind the movement for General Plan of the Newark Warehouses of the Carnegie Steel Company. Spot adjacent to the Waverly yards of the Pennsylvania Rail- road, one of the largest freight yards in the East, and within easy switching distance of the Elizabeth branch of the Central Railroad of New Jersey. As yet the com- pany only has switch connections with the Pennsylvania Railroad’s lines, but this will enable it to make de- liveries within two hours under favorable conditions to steamers in and around New York harbor, reaching the immense Bush Terminal docks and freight yards at Brooklyn and the large freight terminal of the Pennsyl- vania Railroad at tidewater at Greenville, N. J., on New York bay. The railroad company is constructing im- mense freight yards at that point, with a view to making it a large terminal for the handling of incoming and out- going freight delivered to and from extensive docks there. Through the steel company’s connections with the Wav- erly freight yards, an almost direct run of a few miles only will be required to deliver material from the ware- house to steamers. municipal docks, is working through its representatives at Washington for a further extension of the channel. If this movement should result successfully, as those con- cerned believe it will, the company will be able to load material for export on seagoing vessels from docks ad- joining its property. The company will be able to meet the demands for steel in the Manhattan territory in a better manner than ever before, and one of the principal reasons for building the plant was because of the fact that considerable trouble has been experienced in filling orders for immediate de- livery. It frequently happens that urgent requests come for good sized quantities of structural material needed to make hurried repairs or additions, and provisions have been made at the plant for cutting to size and fabricating in cases where the exact sized material demanded is not in stock, although arrangements are being made for car- rying a good line of standard sizes. About everything in the way of merchant steel will be stocked in the com- February 20, 1¢o38 merchant reinforcing holdings, pany’s bar warehouse, including all sizes of bar and a full line ment. The company’s real the accompanying general plan of f of concrete he roperty estate as can } seen by its ] VRE BET Ee Pree ame 5 Interior View of Interior View of the Bar Warehouse, and buildings, give ample room for future extensions, and all of the buildings have been constructed with that view. Description of the Plant. The plant consists of a main warehouse, bar ware- house, power house and an office building. The main rarehouse is the most impressive of the structures be- THE IRON AGE equip- Showing the Method 583 cause of its immensity. Iti an ir: aégularly shaped build- ing and its size can be best described with the statement » that it is composed of five bays, all 105 ft. wide, and two of which are 560 ft. long and three 420 ft. long, making it CO 7, el ig the Main Warehouse. of Storing Merchant Bars. possible at a future time to convert it into a square struc- ture with the addition of 140 ft. to the three short bays. The building is 32 ft. high to the under side of the bot- tom chords of trusses, and is composed of a steel frame- work covered with corrugated galvanized steel sheathing. There are 14 interior columns each 105 ft. apart, which 584 divide the entire area into 22 perfect squares, each 105 x 105 ft., and additions can be made on all sides without detracting from the architectural value of the building. A reference to the general plan will show that the building is supported by remarkably few columns and the arrangement of the overhead girders and crane runways, as shown in the cross section, is such that an interior view of the building impresses the visitor with the fact that there is an unusual amount of open space in the structure. The building is covered by a saw tooth roof, which illustrates a new feature in saw tooth construction. The inclined surface of each tooth section, instead of be- ing flat, is made to slope from the center to conform to the general shape of the roof proper. There are two 10- A % % ph ZA 7 NZ NZ NLS -——6-— —35) “GUTTER Lee ‘ 1 + -—=-#---+-- iy NAN] id nett hte FLOOR 1:NE THE IRON scabs’ SIBSALZSEIESDB SAS KARZ February 20, 1908 AGE new type made by R. S. Newbold & Son Company, Nor- ristown, Pa. These machines are equipped with knives for coping and punching beams up to a 24-in. section, and they are provided with adjustable dies and punches, so that any spacing down to 2% in. centers as a minimum can be had. The design of the machine is such that it is not necessary to reverse, the beam or piece being coped when one end is finished. A 48-in. gap punch fitted with shear knives, made by the same conipany, is included in the shop equipment. This machine is capable of punch- ing two 1-in. holes through a 1-in. plate. Three 20-in. gap punches and shears capable of punching two 1-in. holes through the same size plate, and one 8 x 8 x 1% in. angle shear, mounted on turntable, are also included in i | CRANE GIRDER vs = eee — ee —_—$2-6- Longitudinal Section of the Main Warehouse. All i = ge —" | 2 f od — 21" — Laie VININVANVAN iz 2’ ‘CLEAR | AUN Nel] —_} 3 TON baat 4 es pS i N\ 45— - > - —266- -—+ -8'6- — ——___—_—} 0 SPAN-OF—TRUSS +H} - sar - —n- see eile = ; i — . 1 4-424 ' 7. Pe ee TEN TON CRANE PA | —O- 5 NI = ———105'-—__—- - - — 2 — - 52°6~ — LP = RA 8 = Ke iT SN ! ' i Zl FLOOR UNE A SS Drain { : Transverse Section of the Main Warehouse. ton cranes.of the standard type, made by the Alliance Machine* Company, Alliance, Ohio, in each of the five bays, and provisions have been made in all of the bays for runways for 3-ton cranes, and at one end of the two long bays, where the fabricating department is located, four 3-ton Alliance cranes are now in commission. The fabricating equipment, to which there is ample room for additions when necessity arises, which it expected will not be long, includes a high speed cold saw of special design which is capable of cutting a 24-in. beam in 30 sec. This machine is operated by a 125-hp. West- inghouse motor and is fed by a motor driven roll table 315 ft. long. It has a belt speed of 8000 ft. per minute. A gag press capable of straightening 24-in. beams in ver- tical section, made by the Cleveland Punch & Shear Works Company, is located near the saw, and there are two interchangeable coping and punching machines of a is the equipment. Railroad tracks of the standard gauge extend the length of the structure on each side. The bar warehouse is 125 x 500 ft. in size and 28 ft. high, and is composed of 25 bays each 20 ft. wide. The building is on a concrete foundation and has a steel frame- work, the exterior being covered with metal lath, cement plaster and concrete. The roof is similar to that of the main building. Extending the full length of the interior on each side are depressed railroad tracks. Racks are provided for the stacking of merchant steel. A large part of this building is given over to the storing of ex- port material, and equipment for properly bundling and labeling is located at one end. The illustration of the interior of the building shows the manner in which the bars are stacked, the section depicted being the export end of the structure. It has been found that the mate- rial stored in this building can be best handled by hand, February 20, 1908 and consequently there is no crane equipment in the structure. The power house, a cross section of which is shown, is 90 x 105 ft. in size and is divided into five bays, each 21 ft. wide. The construction of the building is similar to that of the bar warehouse, excepting the roof, as can be seen in the cross section shown. The power equipment consists of a Buckeye cross compound, noncondensing engine, with an economical range from { = _— IS | \ g jz ~a«/\< 30 > | «| Se < < © 2 oh. . ' ~ | i? ;°r ° Toy 1 ' = | | 19 ° 5 ~t—+4 | | ° } 2 1] i ra \} — -_ + 7 9 ° ° ° —__1__¢___ THE IRON AGE 585 when the size of the structure is taken into consideration. It is highly probable that there dre few buildings of the kind so rigidly constructed. The completion of the plant within the time alloted to the engineers in charge of the construction work was a somewhat unusual engineering feat, when it is remem- bered that conditions that prevailed last summer as re- gard getting delivery on material and equipment were MAIN DUCT | ° ° ° ° 125° ————__-——_- - —_________ -- — - —500—25-Bays-EACH-70" widE— - ———__— a ee Be Y / ee qe ge ‘BE gem NE ie fe a eg 9 ik S oS bo ae Side Blevyation and Floor ‘Plan of the Bar Warehouse. 520 to 640 hp., and an overload capacity of 860 hp. There is a Bury compressor, with a:capacity of 550 ft. of free air per minute, under 100 lb. pressure and a Westing- house generator of about 700 hp. capacity. The coal bins, as shown in the cross section mentioned above, are 15 ft. wide and can be replenished from an inclined track way running above. The Office Arraugement, The office building is about 50 x 100 ft. with entrances at the front and back. It is a two-story structure, about 21 ft. high, and is equipped with kitchen and dining room accommodations for officers and visitors. A telegraph and telephone office is to be located on the upper floor and below the ground line will be located a vault, the same size of the building, which is to be used for filing purposes. The building is a model one in every respect. End Elevation of the Bar Warehouse. It has a structural steel frame and is fireproof through- out and so arranged that a large clerical force can be amply accommodated. The amount of structural steel used in the buildings aggregates 4620 tons. divided as follows: Main ware- house, 3750; bar warehouse, 650; power house, 115, and oftice building, 105. It is interesting to note the unusual amount of structural steel used in the office building not advantageous. All the work was done under the supervision of the company’s engineers. Ground was broken for the buildings on April 1 last and they were declared completed at the end of October. Since then the work of iustalling the machinery equip- ment has gone on rapidly and the plant is now ready for business and material is being stored there. John C. Neale, assistant general manager of sales and structural Sectional Elevation of the Power House. engineer of the Carnegie Steel Company, was in charge of the construction work, with Edwin A. Amaden and Howard C. Hays as his chief assistants. To these three men the credit for carrying out the work successfully is largely due, and it should be said that in addition to con- structing the building a large amount of excavating and filling had to be done. Mr. Neale has given up his con- nection with the plant and returned to Pittsburgh to keep in closer touch with his position as assistant general manager of sales for the company, and the warehouses are now in charge of Mr. Amaden as general superin- tendent, with Mr. Hayes as his assistant. sci esate aang The St. Louis & San Francisco Railroad estimates the cost of hauling coal for its own locomotives at 3 mills per ton-mile, and 8 cents per ton for the labor of handling it. 586 Cuba Lowers Sugar Machinery Duties. HAVANA, February 10, 1908.—Provisional Governor Magoon has issued a into force March 1 and to continue till further notice, altering the duties payable at entry into the island on machinery. In future, machinery and apparatus, complete, for the manufacture of sugar and aguardiente shall only pay a duty of 10 per cent. ad vaiorem. Furiher machinery and apparatus or the parts thereof, other branches of agriculture, but are imported with the in- tention to make them auxiliary to other machinery for the manufacture of sugar and aguardiente, shall pay only a duty of 10 per cent. ad valorem. This decree applies to bricks used in building, and also to all the material for the construction and the re- pairs of the permanent ways of plantation railroads and does not decree, to come which are applicable to such necessary adjuncts as semaphores, &. It apply to rolling stock of the railroads, but it does apply to carts for the use of the sugar “centrals.” All articles “ Fig. 1.—The New Heavy Double Ilcad 24-In. Shaper imported under the provisions of this decree must be bought by planters and erected, constructed or installed within such time as the Secretary of Hacienda may de- termine. In the event of any articles imported with the benefits of this decree passing to the possession of another person or being applied to any other use than the manufacture of sugar or aguardiente, then the purchaser or user must pay the full amount of the duty on such articles from the date of their importation. This decree is the result of the agitation of the Liga Agraria, which body has again and again pointed out to the government that prohibitive duties stood in the way of the reconstruction of many centrals according to mod- ern requirements and prevented the building of the plan- tation railroads which are so necessary for the transport of the cane from fields to the “ingenio.” It is expected that the decree will be in force for about a year, which is the limit of time asked for by the planters in their peti- tion. P. —————__+_~»<-@ The Pittsburgh Valve & Fittings Company has given up its general offices in the Frick Building, Pittsburgh, and these are now at Barberton. Ohio, where the works are located. THE IRON AGE Suilt by February 20, 1908 A Special Niles-Bement-Pond Shaper. A heavy special motor driven shaping machine, de- signed particularly for such work as shaping out the pod ends of heavy rolls for rolling mill use, was recently built by the Bement-Miles plant, Philadelphia, Pa., of the Niles-Bement-Pond-Company, and is illustrated herewith. Fig. 1 is a general view of the operating side and Figs. 2 and 3 are front and rear views, respectively. The ma- chine is portable, being readily handled by an overhead crane and is intended to be mounted on a floor plate, to which it can be bolted, and on which the rolls to be ma- chined may also be mounted on vee blocks, the pod ends being presented toward the machine. A number of features are to be found in this machine, which are unusual in shaper construction. The cutter bar is extremely heavy, owing to the nature of the work to be performed and has on its cross rail face two swivel planer heads with automatic cross, vertical and angular feeds. The swiveling of the heads is by the usual hand the Rement-Miles Works of the Niles-Bement-Pond Company. means, that is, by loosening the bolts and moving the heads to the desired position. The reciprocating motion is by a rack on the cutter bar and a train of gearing with which is connected a pair of pneumatic clutches of the builder’s multiple dise type. The motor, pneumatic clutch and principal driving gears are located at the back of the machine, as shown in Fig. 3. The motor is of 20 hp. capacity and variable speed type, and is directly attached, making the machine self-contained. It drives the clutch gears through a pinion and intermediate gear. Air to the pneumatic clutch is supplied from a storage tank 15 x 20 in., cast as part of the bed. This is connected to the ordinary shop compressed air service and delivers air through a hollow shaft and the base of a bearing box to the differ- ent sides of the clutch. The driving power is transmitted from a pinion on the clutch shaft through intermediate gears, to a gear on a shaft, which extends through the bed of the machine and carries the bull gear which meshes the cutter bar rack. This shaft terminates in a connection on the opposite side of the machine, with the drive of the feed mechanism. This revolves a square shaft which through bevel gears revolves a slotted crank. The latter gives an adjustable amount of oscillation to a sectional gear on the cross rail head of the machine, which oper- February 20, 1908 ates the feeds in the same general way as it is done in the usual planer heads. The heads have a cross traverse of 27 in., at a max- imum rate of feed of ™% in. per stroke. The vertical tra- verse of the tool slides is 15 in., and the maximum feed per stroke, 0.4 in. The stroke of the ram on shapers in- tended for finishing pods is 24 in., but they may be made of longer stroke by increasing the length of the cutter par. The cutting speeds of the machine range from 20 to 35 ft. per minute, while the return speeds, through quick reversing gears, vary from 62 to 774 ft. per minute. The ranges of speed, as given, are based on a 25 per cent. speed variation in the motor. The manual control of the stroke of the ram is through the starting lever near the feedbox, which directs the supply of air to the pneu matie clutch. After the adjustments are made and the machine is started, as the cutter bar moves forward or backward, adjustable dogs on its edge engage a bar, which is connected to the valve controlling the air to the clutch, The machine is built extremely rigid throughout Fig. 2.—Front View of the Shaper, Showing the Planer Type of Cross Rail. The gears are of grey iron cut from the solid, while the rack and pinion are of steel. Bronze bearings are used and oil is supplied to the bearings by the usual oil cups. The machine weighs about 30,000 lb., and occupies a floor space 8 x 18 ft. - Oe The Lucas Pump Company, manufacturers of power pumps, Dayton, Ohio, has recently opened a branch office at Chicago, located in room 740, Monadnock Building. This office will have charge of the sale of Lucas pumps in the following territory: Illinois, Wisconsin, Minne- sota, Iowa, eastern half of Missouri and eastern half of Nebraska. The Petroleum Iron Works Company, Sharon, Pa., builder of blast furnaces, tanks and steel plate construc- tion, has received an order from the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company for 20 62 in. by 120 ft. smoke stacks. The steel plant of the Tennessee Coal, Iron & Rail- road Company at Ensley, Ala., is in full operation in ail departments, and new records for the rail and blooming mills have recently been established. The construction of a new rail mill at this plant has been commenced. THE IRON AGE 587 The work is being done by the Vittsburgh Construction Company, and will be rushed to. completion. _ o> ~- The Dearborn Drug & Chemical Works. Robert F. Carr and several of his associates in the Dearborn Drug & Chemical Works, Chicago, have pur- chased the holdings of the estate of the late Wm. H. Ed- gar, who died two years ago, and the following officers have been elected: Robert IF. Carr, president and general Inanager; Wm. B. MeVicker, vice-president and Eastern manager; Grant W. Spear, vice-president; George R. Carr, vice-president; J. D. Purcell, assistant general man- ager; W. A. Converse, assistant secretary and chemical director; R. R. Browning, assistant treasurer; A. E. Car penter, superintendent. C. M. Eddy’s holdings were also taken over, he desir ing to devote all of his time to his personal business in- terests. Robert F. Carr, graduate in chemistry from the Uni- versity of Illinois, became connected with the Dearborn Fig. 3.—Rear View. Showire the Driving Motor and Pneumatic Clutches. Company very soon after it was organized, for the past 10 yvears has been vice-president and general manager, and during most of that time, especially the last few years, has been actively in charge of the business and organization. Wm. B. McVicker has been connected with the company for 13 years. G. W. Spear has been one of the vice-presidents of the company for five years. George R. Carr has been connected with the company since he graduated from the University of Illinois in chemistry in 1901, and has occupied the position of assistant general manager for the past four years. W,. A. Converse has been in charge of the laboratories for the past 12 years. He has been secretary of the Chicago section of the Amer- can Chemical Society for a long period. A. E. Carpenter has had charge of the manufacturing department for many years, and is the oldest employee in the service of the company. The preparations manufactured by the Dearborn Com- pany for the treatment of boiler waters, both in station- ary and railroad service, are widely used. The scientific methods originated by the company’s laboratories of treating each water individually, as per requirements after analysis, has made it possible for Dearborn prep- arations to give the highest efficiency with all classes of boiler feed supplies. 588 THE IRON AGE Sixteen Ways to Lose a Casting. BY WILBER R. TILDEN.* No molder saves all his castings, but some lose far less than others. 'The man who has so trained his imag- ination as to be able to anticipate trouble in every mold and take preventive measures is the one who saves his work. In an order for a large number of like castings it is allowable to sacrifice a few to find out the best way of making the rest, and this is commonly done, but it is not good business and does not pay in a job shop. The collection of castings illustrated herewith indicate some of the most prevalent defects which are encoun- tered, though there are many others, and an exhaustive treatment of the subject would occupy a whole volume. Aside from the novelty of the collection, sixteen poor castings from the same pattern, each affords an instruc- tive study. They are a hard looking lot of castings, but in justice to the molders, it should be explained that most of them are the work of freshmen students having a total molding experience of 8 hr., and some were made with deliberate intent to produce a given defect. In reviewing the various causes and effects, it is to be observed that the same cause may contribute to several imperfections, and one defect at different times may be due to various causes. The causes which resulted in losing these castings could all have been avoided. The pattern from which these castings were molded is that of a small I-beam 18 in. long, 5 in. wide, with web and flanges averaging 4 in. thick. The casting weighs about 33 Ib. normally, though there is a very marked variation in weight be- tween the 16 different ones. General Causes of Bad Castings. From the design, size and nature of this casting it can be seen that many common casting defects would not occur in this particular one. An improper mixture of iron in the cupola, i. e., a wrong proportioning of the elements composing the metal to suit the nature of the casting to be made, sometimes results in castings too hard to be machined, or too soft for strength, and from the same causes some will shrink too much and others not enough. Sometimes sulphur of some other element in the coke combines with the mixture and produces unantici- pated results. Various defects result from the charging and melting. A very common cause of defective castings is the design of the piece. If, for example, there is un- equal distribution of thicknesses of metal, unequal con- traction occurs during the cooling, causing warp, shrink- age cracks and internal strains. These are especially likely in pulleys and flywheels if the designer takes no account of these tendencies, but computes the dimensions from strength considerations only. Many castings from poorly designed patterns can be saved by special arrange- ments for retarding the cooling of the thinner sections. Large, heavy castings present opportunities for im- perfections not found in small light ones, such as internal or external shrink holes. These are avoided by provid- ing ample risers, judicious churning and feeding. An- other cause for defects in heavy castings is the drying of the suspended cope sand from the heat of the rising metal in the mold during the pouring. The sand becomes loos- ened, falls down on the surface iron and causes dirty face and scabs. This action is called drawing down of the cope, and sometimes can be avoided by careful gag- gering, suitable form and position of the cope bars, clay wash on the gaggers and bars, and nails in the bars. A common preventive is to plug the risers until the iron is near to the cope; this produces compression of air and gases in the mold sufficient to hold the sand, but not enough to force gas into the metal and produce blowholes. Poor patternmaking often contributes to bad results. These are due to the necessity of hand mending in the mold, owing to absence of draft, &c. Ill-fitting cores and core prints, necessitating filing of the cores, have bad tendencies. One of the most aggravating defects in cores from a machine shop point of view, and one to which unfortunately is given too little concern by some molders, — = tT * Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Poly- technic Institute. February 20, 1908 is eccentricity of holes due to the core being out of center. Many imperfections, attributable to the cores, are due to improper venting or no venting. Then sometimes cast- ings will blow where cores are vented and the molder has failed to take the vent away from the cores. There being no cores in the castings illustrated, there were no defects from that source. The 16 Defects Lllustrated. For first consideration those defects due to opposite faults have been selected, such as too soft and too hard ramming of the mold, too much and too little weight 6n the cope, too dull and too sharp iron. <A loose coped pattern is used, shown at A in the engraving. It is parted on one side of the web and is fitted with dowel pins in the usual manner. A sound casting from this pattern is illustrated by B. This weighs 33 Ib. Strain.—The casting C is strained all over. All dimen- sions are increased and the whole casting is distorted to a remarkable degree. The web averages 1 in. thick in- stead of % in. Soft ramming is the only apparent cause, though the cope might have been extra deep, causing excessive pressure of liquid due to the static head. It is difficult to see how with a mold soft enough to compress to this extent the sand could stay in place at all. Strains usually occur in the form of isolated swellings due to soft places in the mold, instead of all over like this one. This easting weighs 42 Ib., which is 27 per cent. overweight. Another type of strain is that shown by the casting D, and was due to soft ramming and pressure of iron. The most noticeable strain is the irregular fin cast upon one end and resembling a fungus growth. This casting was molded in the ordinary way, then ended up and poured through the end of the flask like a brass casting. The increased head and the consequent accelerating pressure were more than the sand at the lower end of the column could resist. The metal crept into the parting and the sand kept giving way, allowing the growth to extend. Prospects were bright for a run out, but the metal froze in time to avoid that catastrophe. It can be observed that this abnormal fin has one flat face, showing that the straining nearly all took place on one side; that was the howel side. Another feature of the casting is the in- creased area of cross section toward the lower end. This indicates that deep molds should always be rammed hardest at the lower end to avoid strains. This casting was 15 per cent. overweight. The freak casting E was cast under conditions iden- tically the same as in that of casting C, but with different effect. Here the lifting pressure exerted upon.the rec- tangular block of sand hanging in the mold from the cope caused this block to dislodge the sand immediately over it and between the cope bars., Then as the iron kept coming the sand started to rise until the molder observed it; he stopped pouring.after it had risen about 2 in. This provided 2 in. of extra thickness for the web and made the fantastic looking fin around the casting which is observable in our illustration. This casting weighs 42 Ib., 27 per cent. overweight. Blow Holes.—The effect of hard ramming is equally as inimical as that of soft ramming. The former is much more common as the ten