The Iron Age 1908-01-23: Vol 81 Iss 4

THE IRON AGE Published every Thursday Morning by David Williams Co., 14-16 Park Place, New York. 800 a Year, including Postage. Vo. 81: No. 4. New York, Thursday, January 23, 1908. Single Copies, 16 cents Reading Matter Contents......page 324 Alphabetical Index to Advertisers ‘‘ 191 | Classified List of Advertisers “« 181 Advertising and Subscription Rates ‘‘ 190 REED F. BLAIR & CO.| FRICK BUILDING, PITTSBURG, PA. STANDARD CONNELLSVILLE C O K E A The Shooter’s Comfort FOUNDRY FURNACE CRUSHED was the prominent thought of the in- ventor of the Remington Autoloading Shotgun. A large steel spring con- sumes the recoil and prevents bruised The American-Mfgz. Co. mj 6shoulders. A solid steel breech is * absolute protection to the face. In - addition, this modern and perfected Ropes and Twines wild fowl gun is a repeater of five shots, which loads itself. a +s A ut Street, New York If you don’t carry “the modern gun for the modern hunter,” send for catalogue and particulars, Shooters want it, List price $40. BRISTOL'S Remington Arms Company Write to M. Hartley Company, For all commercial purposes. Sole Representative, 7 fj Simple, Accurate, Durable 813-315 Broadway, New York City. Used everywhere by those who are satisfied with the best only. Send for Cat. R and Prices. New vone oe NN "| WATER TUBE Ghe Babcock @ Wilcox Co. SAMSON SPOT CORD BOILERS Pare 85 Liberty Street Specified by Architects Everywhere = CAPEWELL F HORSESHOE NAILS Samson Cordage Works, Boston, Mes. 1/1 The Best for All Classes of Work TURNBUCHKLES For Running Horses ii For Trotting Horses Cleveland Clty Forge and tron Co., - Cleveland, O. KEENEST POINTS STRONGEST BLADES ao eee For Work Horses |S Sapreaecc ee For Resetting For Ice Work DROP HAMMER BROS. BROOKLYN N. Y. MERRILL SOFT COAL. The Capewell Horse Nail ta, “i Girard Bullding, Phila. U.S: A. Pilling & Crane PUMINg Ge GFA Eire wig. Wow vor ve THE LARGEST MANUFACTURERS OF HORSE NAILS IN THE WORLD LUFKIN ue | age JENKINS BROS. VALVES Made of new steam metal of the best grade. Fitted with the Jenkins Disc assur IN AMERICA ing an absolutely steam tight valve under all ordinary pressures. When fitted with THE Bust _ oe WORL D a soft Jenkins Disc they are the most satisfactory valves that can be obtained for use Every valve bearing the Trade THE LUFKIN RULE oo. Saginaw, Mich., U.S.A. | on water, air or gas. All parts interchangeable. __New York, London, Eng., Windsor, Can. : | Mark is guaranteed. ‘It takes both | JENKINS BROS., New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago, London, GOOD MATERIAL oceans | SMO Gold Rae Stel cat: Dang » Stamping GooD JOB THE AMEBRICAN TUBB & STAMPING COMPANY SEB Use (Water and Rail Delivery) BRIDGEPORT, CONN, Paap 2 “APOLLO BEST BLOOM” GALVANIZED SHEETS ‘ MAGNOLIA eraiéron METAL and the rest depends upon you. The Standard Babbitt of the World See \! | Poe SHEET & TIN PLATE Skee > MAGNOLIA METAL CO, COMPANY'S Adv. on Page 15 New York: 115 Bank St, Chicago: Fisher Building, Montreal: 31 St. Nicholas St. me OLLAN Se, QUALITY ”’ THE STANDARD of EXCELLENCE whether as applied to the manufacture TIN PLATE SHEET STEEL DEEP DRAWING STAMPING and SPINNING STEEL A SPECIALTY FOLLANSBEE BROTHERS COMPANY MANUFACTURERS Main Office, : Pittsburgh, Pa. Mills, : Follansbee, W. Va. AGE SHEET ROD WIRE SHEET ROD WIRE THE IRON BRASS: COPPER: GERMAN SILVER LOW BRASS, SHEET BRONZE, SEAMLESS BRASS AND COPPER TUBING, BRAZED BRASS AND BRONZE TUBING : : +: : : Waterbury Brass Co. WATERBURY, CONN. 99 John St., New York. Providence, R. 1. SHEET WIRE Bridgeport Deoxidized Bronze & Metal Co. BRIDGEPORT, CONN. Phosphor and Deoxidized Bronze Composition, Yellow Brass and Alumie« num Castings, large and small Matthiessen & Hegeler Zinc Co. La Salle, Illinois. SMELTERS OF SPELTER AND MANUFACTURERS SHEET ZINC AND SULPHURIC ACID Special Sizes of Zinc cut to order. Rolled Battery Plates, Selected Plates for Etchers and Lithographers’ use. Selected Sheets for Paper and Card Makers’ use. Stove and Washboard Blanks. ZINCS FOR LECLANCHE BATTERY. BSS rere 105-109 So. Jefferson St. Pe ab , Chicago. Best Bronze, Babbitt Metals, Brass and Aluminum CASTINGS GERMAN SILVER THE SEYMOUR MFG. CO. HENDRICKS | NICKEL ANODES SEYMOUR, CONN. BROTHERS ate Belleville Copper Rolling Mills, Manufacturers of Braziers’ Bolt and Sheathing COPPER COPPER WIRE AND RIVETS Importers and Dealers in Ingot Copper, Block Tin, Spelter, Lead, Antimony, etc. 49 CLIFF ST., NEW YORK. | Brass, Bronze, and Copper The Plume & Atwood Mig. Co. Manufacturers of Sheet and Roll Brass WIRE Pins, Brass Butt Hinges, Jack Chain Kerosene Burners, Lamps, Lamp Trimmings, &c. 279 Broadway, NEW YORK Room 508 Heyworth Building, East Madi- son St., CHICAGO, ILL Rolling Mill THOMASTON, CONN. Factories WATERBURY, CONN SCOVILL MFG. CO. MANUFACTURERS OF BRASS, GERMAN SILVER, Sheets, Rolls, Wire Rods, Bolts and Tubes, Brass Shells, Cups, Hinges, Buttons, Lamp Goods, Special Brass Goods to Order. FACTORIES: WATERBURY, CONN. DEPOTS: NEW YORK CHICAGO BOSTON HenrySouther Engineering Co. HARTFORD, CONN. Consulting Chemists, Metallur- gists and Analysts. Complete Physical Testing Laboratory. Expert Testimony in Court and Patent Cases. Arthur T. Rutter & G0. 256 Broadway NEW YORK Small tubing in Brass, Copper, Steel, Aluminum, German Silver, &c. Sheet Brass, Copper and German Silver. Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire. Brazed and Seamless Brass and Copper Tube. Copper and Brass Rod. : THE BRIDGEPORT BRASS CO., BRIDGEPORT, CONN. eer Jeearee ay Sty New York entwer 35 5-87 “Pearl St., 7N. 7th see Philadelphia ustpnaaaiints OF ( SHEET AND TUBING Copper ‘ WIRE Metal Goods made to order from Sheet, Rod, Wire and Tubing. PHOSPHOR-BRONZE GERMAN SILVER Brass ST THE RIVERSIDE METAL Co. RIVERSIDE, N. J. dl THE IRON AGE New York, Thursday, January 23, 1908. The Club Automobile Dynamometer. Very complete and elaborate equipments have been built for testing locomotives in situ, such, for example, as the Pennsylvania Railroad’s plant at Altoona, its ear- TRACTION aw BAR PULL house on Fifty-fourth street, New York City, and known as the Club Dynamometer. It is particularly of interest because of its completely automatic character since it gives instantaneous indica- tions of the speed in miles per hour and feet per minute, the draw bar pull or tractive effort in pounds, the horse- w al — = , . - ER FC x DYNAMOMET! ™ & 190% ABSORPTION AND INDICATING " Ors meee . View on the Floor Beneath, Showing the Dash Pots, Pendulum, Alden Brake, Drums and Motor. lier one exhibited at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, and the oldest and most familiar one at Purdue Univer- sity. On somewhat the same lines automobile testing equipments have been erected; among them one at the Worcester Polytechnic Institute and another in the New York School of Automobile Engineers. The most remark- able of the latter is that recently completed by the Auto- mobile Club of America, in its immense garage and club- power (which is ordinarily a matter of calculation from the first two items), the grade climbing ability (another figure usually arrived at by mathematics) and the power of the brakes. There is no other outfit in the world that will do the work of this one; and probably no other insti- tution could afford to construct and operate a similar machine. It is of great importance to owners and in- tending purchasers, who want to know the exact capabili- 264 ties of a car, and will be appreciated by manufacturers because it will enable them to determine precisely what their cars can do} and will give them a standard to which they can refer with confidence. Decided advantages are that the dynamometer makes it unnecessary to get spe- THE IRON AGE January 23, 1908 ered at the ground by the wheels of the automobile. This includes every element in the operation of the automo- bile: and, therefore, shows the net power that is avail- able for driving the car. Instead of traveling along as on a road the car is held A Nearer View of the Grade Meter and Horsepower Chart. cial permission to speed machines in making a running test, it eliminates all danger of road accidents during tests and gives the results more quickly and accurately than in any other way. The dynamometer, with the club scales for weighing cars, should provide conclusive means of deciding all problems connected with automobile per- formance. The word “dynamo-meter” is usually applied to a sim- ple apparatus, either a spring balance for weighing the draw bar pull required to draw a carriage or a railroad car at a given speed, or a power absorbing device for con- suming the power developed by an engine under trial, but there are also numerous other forms. To obtain results from these it is always necessary to make calculations from the readings observed. The club dynamometer is an apparatus upon which an automobile of any kind may be placed and operated, and the result Tread at once in speed, pull and horsepower. It is therefore not only a dynamo- meter in the usual sense, but a calculator of the readings obtained by a dynamometer. It provides a moving track upon which cars can be fully tried out while remaining sta- tionary and under observation. An exhaust fan, with a system of piping and interchangeable connections, removes the escaping gases from running automobiles, keeping the air in the room clear of smoke and fumes. In 1904 Dr. Schuyler Skaats Wheeler, first vice-presi- dent of the Automobile Club, was requested by the club to invent, design and build a machine for determining accurately the performance of cars of all kinds. The present machine is the result of several years’ attention to this problem on his part, and was built by the Crocker- Wheeler Company, Ampere, N. J. It is an assemblage of power absorbing and measuring instruments and a large power chart with automotically operated pointers. It carries the problem of power measurement, integration and automatic recording of the final results, much farther than has hitherto been attempted. It absorbs and meas- ures the power so that, at a glance, the speed, tractive effort and horsepower can be clearly seen and read at each instant. The measurements show the power deliy- stationary by cables upon the floor with its driving wheels resting upon two large paper covered drums, which reach up through the floor and are revolved by the automo- An Automobile in Position for Testing. bile. The revolution of the drums is resisted by a huge pendulum hanging below the floor, and attached to the drum shaft through an Alden brake furnishing a January 23, 1908 degree of friction which can be varied. The pendulum, in consequence, swings away from the vertical, a distance exactly proportional] to the pull exerted by the car upon the drums. The amount of this pull, or “ tractive effort,” is indicated by a pointer attached to the pendulum and reaching above the floor. To steady the pointer and facilitate reading the indications, two dash pots are con- nected to a beam on the pendulum shaft. Sudden fluctu- ations in load are thus damped. This weighing appara- tus, or pendulum, was calibrated and certified correct by the Fairbanks Company. The method of calibrating was interesting. The Alden brake being engaged, a band was passed over one of the drums, with one end attached to it, and on the free end known weights were hung, and the position of the pointer for each deflection of the pendulum was marked with the corresponding weight. The indications given by the pendulum are transferred by a wire cable to a vertical tape traveling across the face of a large chart in such manner that with each varying position of the pendulum pointer the tape is moved to correspond to its new position. The movement of the cable system is independently effected by a small electric motor when electric contacts are made by the swinging of the pendulum, so that the latter is not resisted, and no error is introduced that would attend an attempt to move the tape directly from the pendulum. The more difficult operation of measuring accurately the speed of the car by moving a horizontal tape across the large chart is accomplished by special apparatus of some novelty. A cone is revolved by an electric motor at absolutely constant speed, 200 rev. per min. To verify this speed, a bell, attached to the cone shaft, rings at each 100 revolutions, or at intervals of 30 sec. A wheel, or roller, driven by the drum shaft at a speed proportionate to the peripheral speed of the drum, rolls upon the cone, and when there is a disparity in their surface speeds there is slipping between them, which, according to its direction, makes an electrical contact that causes another independent motor to travel the rollers along the cone until it finds the point where it does not slip, because that part of the cone has the same surface speed as the roller. This longitudinal adjustment of the roller is transmitted by a wire cable to the speed tape on the chart, and the power required for moving the tape is thus made independent of the automobile. It will be seen that both the load and speed indications on the chart are made without using the power of the automobile. The method of speed measurement employed, based upon one element running at a constant speed like a clock, that can be verified, insures great accuracy. The roller, driven by the car if running at 60 miles per hour, must be drawn to a positior near the large end of the cone in order to run with the cone. Whereas, if the car drives the roller at only 5 miles per hour, it must be drawn to a position near the small end of the cone. When the position is reached where there is no slip between the cone and the roller both electric contacts are broken, and the tape comes to rest at a hight indicating at once the speed at which the machine under test is running at that instant. The speed and power tapes are thus moved across the chart automatically to correspond with the speed, and the tractive effort, or pull, that the dynamometer shows the car is exerting. On the board are plotted the horsepower curves corresponding to each different speed and pull, so that the result at each moment can be read at a glance and without calculations by noting what curve under- lies the intersection of the tapes. The chart is of large size, and can be read easily by the driver of the car, being placed directly in front of the position he occupies in running the machine. The speed of the car may be read from the chart in either of the popular ways of stat- ing it: miles per hour, minutes per mile, kilometers per hour, &¢c., by means of the several different scales pro- vided. All of the measuring apparatus is made reversi- ble, so that when running backward the performance of the car may be measured. The provision for traveling the tapes in exact parallelism and eliminating back lash and lost motion has been very neatly and ingeniously made in the cable system with its adjustments. The tapes are held taut and straight by being stretched be- THE IRON AGE 265 tween rollers running on tracks and the cables are re- quired only to move these carriages. As a secondary apparatus, a grade meter is provided, operated by the pendulum indicator of the dynamometer. To use the grade meter the clamp is set upon the sliding scale at the point representing the weight of the car. The moving lever then assumes at each moment the angle of inclination of the grade the car would climb (if there were no wind resistance, slipping, &c.), with the effort that the car is then making. To simulate the effect of an automobile coasting down hill, either forward or backward, it is necessary merely to start an electric motor on the shaft carrying the two large drums upon which the driving wheels of the automo- bile rest. The brakes may then be tested, and the wheels or gears or engine may be run free (not run by the power of the automobile), and the relative friction loss in the principal parts of the automobile may be ascertained, by reading electrical instruments to get the power imput and correcting for the efficiency of the mctor and the transmission up to the automobile. A run under iden- tical conditions with the automobile removed from the drums will give the amount of power consumed outside of the automobile, and this being deducted from the pre- vious result gives the friction load of the automobile. The latter added to the maximum power developed at the wheels under a running test gives the maximum horse- ~ power of the automobile engine or motor. —_———_so-+ eo A Convention for the Promotion of Industrial Education. The National Society for the Promotion of Industrial Eduction will hold a meeting at Chicago, January 28, 24 and 25. A public dinner will be given Thursday evening, January 23, at which Theodore W. Robiuson, first vice- president of the Illinois Steel Company and chairman vf the Illinois State Committee of the society, will act as toastmaster. Addresses will be given on “ Industrial Education as an Essential Factor in Our National Pros- perity,” by President Eliot of Harvard University; Edgar E. Clark of the Interstate Commerce Commission, Wash- ington, D. C., and James W. Van Cleave, St. Louis, presi- dent of the National Association of Manufacturers. Dr. Henry S. Pritchett, New York, will speak on “ The Aims of the National Society for the Promotion of Industrial Education.” The first session of the convention will be held Fri- day morning, January 24, presided over by Carroll D. Wright. The general topic Will be “ The Apprenticeship System as a Means of Promoting Industrial Efficiency.” Among the speakers announced for the morning are W. R. Warner, Warner & Swasey Company, Cleveland; James O’Connell, president of the International Associa- tion of Machinists; J. F. Deems, general superintendent of motive power, New York Central Lines, New York; E. P. Bullard, president of the Bullard Machine Tool Company, Bridgeport, Conn; Charles W. Price, Interna- tional Harvester Company, Chicago. Among those who will speak at the following sessions of Friday and Sat- urday are Milton P. Higgins, president of the Norton Companies, Worcester, Mass., on “The Character of a Trade School That Will Meet American Industrial Needs”; H. W. Hoyt, vice-president of the Great Lakes Engineering Works, Detroit, Mich., on “ The Development of Industries Depending on an Adequate Supply of In- dustrially Efficient Workers”; Dr. S. C. Dickey, president Winona Technical Institute, Indianapolis, Ind. The conference will be participated in by representa- tives of various industrial institutes, technical and trade schools and labor organizations. The annual meeting of the society will be held Saturday afternoon. On Thurs- day afternoon, January 23, a meeting of the State com- mittees will be held, presided over by Magnus W. Alex- ander, General Electric Company, Lynn, Mass., who is a vice-president of the society. The discussion at this meet- ing will be on “ Methods of Promoting Industrial Edu- cation.” THE IRON The Zenzes Converter. The small Bessemer converter occupies a well de- fined and important position in the steel casting industry between the open hearth furnace and the crucible proc- ess, and is being used advantageously, either as an aux- iliary to a gray iron or steel foundry, or as an inde- pendent steel plant. Such equipments have the advan- tage of being less expensive to install than open hearth furnaces and more economical of operation than crucibles. Small’ ‘Bessemer converters are, therefore, peculiarly An Installation in the Link-Belt Company’s Plant, Chicago. suited to the needs of industrial plants using but a lim- ited tonnage of steel castings, since by their use foun- dries are able to make their own steel with a small plant investment. One of the latest equipments of this kind to be intro- duced in the United States is the Zenzes converter, two installations of which are herewith illustrated, together with drawings outlining their convenient arrangement with relation to the cupolas from which the molten iron is taken. The Zenzes converter has been in successful operation for a number of years in Europe, but it is AGE January 23, 1908 only within the last 12 months that it has been intro- duced in this country, the first being that shown in Fig. 1, which was installed in the foundry of the Crane Company, Chicago; a later installation made in the plant of the Link Belt Company, Chicago, is shown in Fig. 2. This converter was invented by Alexander Zen- zes, a metallurgical engineer of Berlin, and is now handled by the Zenzes Converter Company, Chicago. In conjunction with certain new features of construc- tion an improved method of making steel is employed by which it is claimed that the blowing time and loss in cupola and converter are materially reduced, with a corresponding lessening of the cost of production. A higher temperature than ordinarily developed is ob- tained, but on account of the short duration of the blow the output per lining is greater. The attainment of a Y Uy Yy YY Yj SS SS S SS Fig. 3.—Elevation and Plan of a Typical Arrangement of @ Single Cupola and One or Two Converters. higher temperature, moreover, insures a hotter and more fluid bath, thus permitting the holding over without risk of several charges in the ladle for heavy castings. These results are obtained by the mixtures used, the mode of blowing and the method of deoxidization. The Zenzes converter, like other small Bessemer con- verters, consists essentially ef a shell, trunions, stands, &e. Though not materially different in form from sim- ilar .types in common use the Zenzes converter embodies certain distinctive features in its tuyere arrangement aml method of introducing the blast. It is also evenly counterbalanced, so that it may be easily tipped for pouring. This operation, as may be seen in Fig. 1, is accomplished through a spur gear attached to the trun- nion,and may be arranged for either hand or power opera- tion. The converters are made in three sizes of 1, 2 and SUPPLEMENT TO THE IRON AGE, JANUARY 23, 1908. TIN Cents per Ib a ses 2 + 48.0 47h 47.20 46.80 46.4 46.00 4 ”) 45.20 44.80 44.4 44.00 43.0 43.2 42.4 42.00 41.6 41.20 40,80 40.4 40.00 BY. 39.2 s ~ 35.4 38.00 60 % eee + & & 36.00 pape 84. 4 34.00 83.00 82.20 2.40 $2.00 81.60 81.20 30.30 30.40) 30.00 29.00 26.00 20.00 20.20 24.80 24.40 24.00 23.00 23.20 22.40 22.00 21.KH 17.60 16,30 16.40 16.00 15.60 15.20 14.80 14.40 14.00 13.60 13.20 12.30 12.40 12.00 11.60 i1.20 1V.80 10.40 COPPER Cents { per lb, 80 40 20 28.00 .80 .60 40 20 27.00 5uU 60 40 -20 26.00 -20 -20 24.00 OV 6u 40 -20 23.00 OU .0U +U -20 22.00 5U 60 .40 40 -20 19.00 40 .20 18.00 5U 6u «tu 20 17.00 -3U -60 40 | 20 16.00 -30 60 40 20 15.00 -30 -60 40 20 1 4.00 30 | 60 “4 20 13.00 -60 40 | -20 12.00 230 -60 40 -20 11.00 30 -60 -40 -20 10.00 60 -40 -20 LEAT ‘ > » ) _ » ce! PROG Q Q ¢ rey. degen O<vc Oe Ce Orse TIN bo ; : . ; . PLATE zaGE>27CG > BEG >z> ie older ziccrrcliddgr ez sirsolscce De <w < > w < / < uw w sa 2woc 55 aa =<«z- <¢@ z Ese<as 4 osu 2<2252 0 zopsese ser zesz ass 10.50 -40 Ti cepa Lead Fluctuations in the Prices « New York fr LEAD SPELTER TIN COPPER | Cts. per TIN Cents Cents PLATE per Ib. | per Ib, | Devers 1 30 wo 49.20 6 | 80 44.5 40 70 $5.4 20 60 48.00 | 28.00 | 10.50 45.4 a0 40 47.20 60, 80 46.8 40 20 46.40 20 10 46.00 | 27.00 | 10.00 4 Ww | su my 45.20 60 44.80 | 40 ) 44.40 | .20 60 44.00 | 26.00) 9.51 Ince eeepretenandharedtbomastiandipmactfaed 43.60 | 80 40 htckn kik eho 43.20 60 ; 44+ $+ {4 42.50 | 40 20 tp be-p eo tt 42.40 | 20 10 42.00 | 25.00 | 9.00 41.60 80 | wo 41.20 | 60 80 40.50 40 70 40.40 +20 60 40.00 | 24.00 | 8.50 Gendhentietponie 39.00 ao | 40 +—+—4 4+ +--+ 4 ++ 39.20 } 60 40 PPT Pi te 33.30 | 40 | .20 Acdhndliardiandinedndaedh 38.40 | -20 | 10 38.00 | 23.00 | 8.00 37.00 80 | vo 37.20 | 60 | 80 86.80 40 | .70 36.40 -20 | .60 86.00 | 22.00 | 7.50 +—+-—4 + 1 8.0 .80 40 oot tt 3.20 .60 40 ems 34.80 | 40 | 20 94.40 .20 10 TT | $4.00 | 21.00) 7.00 : 33.60 | 30 wo TAT im + TOO — = —+—t Ht ne pn tye 2.80 . 70 coe | 4} TH as aaa .20 60 32.00 | 20.00 | 6.50 31.60 | 30 40 81.20 60 30 +++ + 30.30 40 | 20 30.40 -20 10 30.00 | 19.00 | 6.00 2u.00 } 30 vu 29.20 | .60 80 25.80 40 | .70 28.40 -20 | 60 28.00 | 18.00} 5.50 27.60 | 30 | 40 27.20 | .60 30 26.30 | 40 | 20 26.40 | .20 10 26.°0 | 17.00 | 5.00 2.00 | 80 90 25.20 60 | 89 24.80 40 | .70 24.40 | .20 | 60 24.00 | 16.00 4.50 23.50 | 80 40 , A 23.20} 60 | 30 . 22.80 40 20 penne 22.40 -20 10 p 22.00 | 15.00 | 4.00 21.60 20 -80 21.20 60 40 20,30 | 40 | 70 20.40 | -20 .60 20.00 | 14.00} 3.50 19.60 30 40 19.20 | 60 | 30 18.30 | 40 20 18.40 20 | 10 ry rT 18.00 | 13.00 | 3.00 + TT 4 F 17.60 80 | w i 17.20 60 | 30 16 80 | 40 | +70 16.40 | 20 | 60 16.00 | 12.00 | 2.50 15.00 80 | Ad 15.20 | 60 | 30 cc tt —T : tap tt tt 14.80 | 40 | 20 ndash dete wld Sms ees i ; | ’ Dk eink Ele 14.40 | -20 10 14.00 11.00 | 2.00 13.60 | -80 | “90 13.20 60 80 12.30 | 40 .70 12.40 +20 | .60 i 12.00 10.00 1.50 nel and heared aad af 80 | A a Jd Toor 11.20 60 | 30 ehh ah ddan 10.40 40 | 20 iii te Redediel TrtTr Redden dition 0.40 -20 | 10 i | | i | i a nies Copper om<<8mn<= a= Tin Plate spe iter ED s of Copper, Lead, Tin, Spelter, and Tin Plate in from 1896 to 1908.—Carload Lots. January 23, 1908 3 tons nominal capacity each. With the smallest size blowing 14%-ton heats at the rate of two heats per hour 20 heats may be taken off in 10 hr., making a total out- put of 80 tons of steel per day. Two typical converter installations are shown in Figs. 3 and 4, in which the cupolas, it will be observed, are elevated sufficiently to admit pouring directly into the mouths of the converters. The advantage and economy of this arrangement are apparent, since it eliminates the handling otherwise required in conveying molten metal from the cupola and pouring into the converter by hand. It is entirely feasible to follow this plan in the building of new plants, but it will not always be found convenient Bye a ——— | | l mi [= Vill VM Vil MME p PLAN Fig. 4.—Arrangement of Two Cupolas and Two Converters. to adopt it in established plants with cupolas built upon the foundry floor. In Germany it is the usual practice to install two cupolas to serve one converter. This is done for con- venience and comfort in cleaning out cupolas, which, be- ing used alternately, can be allowed ample time to cool. The plan in Fig. 8 illustrates a convenient arrangement of using one cupola with two converters, the metal being delivered directly to each through a swinging trough. This plan, of course, contemplates the elevation of the cupolas, as shown in both drawings, Figs. 3 and 4. The slight expense attached to the starting up and shutting down of the small converters and the ability to make few or many castings have contributed much to their success, ——+—-~-e—_—__—_. The Cleveland Branch of the National Metal Trades Association has decided to hold its annual banquet at the Hollenden Hotel March 5. Committees have been ap- pointed to make the necessary arrangements. THE IRON AGE 267 The Civil Engineers’ Rail Specifications. The progress report of the Special Committee on Rails Sections of the American Society of Civil Engineers, presented at the City of Mexico meeting of the society, Was published in The Jron Age of September 5, 1907, page 630, Discussion of the report was scheduled for the annual meeting in New York, Wednesday and Thursday of last week, but no discussion was offered. However, a supplemental report was made by the committee and is given in full below. It is signed by the chairman, Joseph T. Richards, and by Charles W. Buchholz, John D. Isaacs, II. G. Prout, Percival Roberts, E. K. Turner, 8S. M. Felton, R. Montfort, George E. Thackray, William R. Webster, Kk. C. Carter and Robert W. Hunt, the secretary of the committee : Your committee respectfully report that following their report of May 31, 1907, they have continued their investigations and deliberations, and, based on them, now recommend that the chemical specifications for rails made by the basic open hearth process, as last reported by them, which provides 0.75 to 1 per cent. manganese for rails 70 to 79 Ib. per yard and 0.80 to 1.05 per cent. for rails 8O to 100 Ib. per yard, be altered to specify not to exceed 0.90 per cent. manganese for all sections. Your committee have given careful consideration to the revision of sections for the heavier rails, and while they are not yet prepared to submit definite sections, they are continuing their own investigations, together with consultations with railroad engineers and committees of other organizations. Pending a complete report they recommend the following as giving more in detail the principles recommended in our former report, upon which they believe sections heavier than 60 Ib. per yard should be designed. In this connection your committee deem it proper to state that the Committee on Standard Rail and Wheel Sections of the American Railway Associa- tion, on which committee your society is represented, has recommended to its secretary the same principles, which are: (a) There should be such a distribution of the metal be- tween the head and base as to insure the best control of temper- ature in the manufacture of the rail. (b) The percentage of metal in the base of the rail should preferably be equal to or slightly greater than that in the head. and the extremities of the flanges should be sufficiently thick to permit the entire section to be rolled at low temperatures. The internal stresses and the extent of cold straightening will be reduced by this means to a minimum, and at the same time the texture of the section will be made approximately homogeneous. (c) The sections should be so proportioned as to possess as great an amount of stiffness and strength as may be consistent with securing the best conditions of manufacture and the best service. (d) The following limitations as to dimension details of the sections are considered advisable for the various weights per yard: (1) The width of the base to be \% in. less than the hight. (2) The fishing angles to be not less than 13 degrees and not greater than 15 degrees. (3) The thickness of the base to be greater than the existing sections of corresponding weight. (4) The thickness of the web to be no less than in existing A. S. C. FE. seetions of corresponding weight. (5) A fixed percentage of distribution of metal in head, web and base for the entire series of sections need not be ad- hered to, but each section in a series can be considered by itself. (6) The radii of the under corner of the head and top and bottom corners of the base to be as small as practicable with the colder conditions of rolling. (7) The radii of the fillets connecting the web with the head and base to be as great as possible for reinforcement purposes consistent with securing the necessary area for bearing surface under the head for the top of the splice bar. (8) The sides of the heads should be vertical, or nearly so. (9) The radii of the top corners of the head should not be less than ®% in., so long as the wheels continue under the pres- ent standard of the Master Car Builders’ Association. As your committee have knowledge that several large ‘ailroad systems are about having rails rolled of some- what different sections, but all based upon the foregoing principles, and as the American Railway Association has submitted to its members a uniform series of blanks upon which full details of rail failures are to be reported and to which your committee expect to have access, they hope to be prepared in the comparatively near future to present for your consideration a full series of sections for the heavier rails. —————».-e__—_ — Cc. W. Hill & Co., 201 Woodward Building, Birming- ham, Ala., have been made the special correspondents of the Southern States for Pawling & Harnischfeger, Mil- waukee, Wis., builders of traveling cranes and horizontal drilling and boring machines. } ei rn are ana A Sea Mia a 268 THE ASystematized Purchasing Department. The Model Method of Handling Buying Records Evolved by the Purchasing Agent of the Hudson Companies. In handling the purchasing department of the aver- age large corporation, and especially with one involving engineering problems, special conditions arise which can- not be met with in any of the instructions laid down by the usual business system expert. Consequently, it is not an easy task for the purchasing agent of such a cor- poration to systematize thoroughly his work. Further, when a man is called upon to organize a purchasing sys- tem for such an enterprise in an entirely new field, the problem is one of even greater complexity. The results achieved by T. P. Artaud, purchasing agent for the Hud- son Companies of New York, during the five years of its operations, should be interesting to every large buyer, not only because of the magnitude of the purchasing done by the company, but for the reason that the system is unusually complete and comprehensive without being cumbersome or requiring unnecessary clerical work. In- volving as it does the construction of tunnels and rail- roads among its enterprises, the project of the Hudson Companies is one that makes necessary the buying of a varied assortment of material—from coffee and soup for the men in the air locks to machine tools and draft mules—and while a purchasing agent. could not be ex- pected to have knowledge of where all these things might be bought to the best advantage, it is imperative that he should know how to get at the information at short no- tice, and even the best trade directory conceived does not cover all the buying details connected with so varied a line of material. In arranging his department, Mr. Artaud had to deal with a new proposition. No purchasing systera in existence could cover the placing of orders for coffee needed in unusually large lots for the “sand hogs” in the same hour with thousands of dollars worth of equip- ment of special designs evolved by the engineers in charge and needed in a tearing hurry. This question of getting things never needed before in short order, was one of special moment, for when one considers that the parties making the requisition are privileged to criticise a man’s buying judgment, he must possess a good amount of acumen to do things to the satisfaction of all con- cerned. A Record of Buying Sources. On assuming charge of the Hudson Companies’ pur- chasing department, Mr. Artaud found that a special record of buying sources was required in addition to the usual buyers’ guides and commercial directories, and he selected as the best foundation for such a volume The Iron Age Directory, because it was found to be both compact and comprehensive. But comprehensive as it is, this Directory does not propose to give the best sources for buying oil skin suits and medical supplies and some other things. Accordingly, Mr. Artaud increased the classification in his record, adopting a loose leaf book system. He added a special index of his own, designat- ing the pages on which might be found records of man- ufacturers of material he had most need for. As the companies’ enterprises progressed, records were kept of prices for special supplies which usually fluctuate, such, for instance, as pig iron, structural material, hardware, engineers’ supplies, &c. These records are kept as price sheets, with the name of each bidder, and when occa- sion arises to purchase any of these supplies again, pre- vious prices can be referred to and changes noted. The sheets are designed with marginal room for the record of reasons for price fluctuations. Records are also kept of delivery terms of all bid- ders, so that when there is an imperative immediate de- mand for material the knowledge as to who can supply it at shortest notice to the best advantage is easily ob- tainable. Even the names of sales managers are re- corded in some instances, with a view to connecting with the source of supply in the shortest possible time. eee SA S| SS IRON AGE HUDSON COMPANTES. t eS Sk TT A V7T TS 39 2 i oe. is == a ae ie ie § er a ) : PA : se aS ee 2 3 oe AERP TS we ee : es eee! = ae Ry ée ee ee tH Gt tt ty rer frees yk Pro ge ss Le oe ee on 2 55:8 Sessa == BEEK Petts iNa fT} i ‘ iN CCT Yy TS i eee YS cw J 71 =) m8 _aae Tt cl Loe eS 2 AZ9. rr LA 190 O*Reovare ENGINEERING Comstavetion TER MinAL HoBoKEHn = ere ala state Pate a aes i] | fT iT i Se Tt LY poy tt by |g = (1 a TN A se oe 7 A SS0S0 08 ROSRES SS CESSES SE Se Re CSR Se | adel Letdcleal daatatael odd el iadael dbl del ddddldacl ddredeld dada | adidas | lad OFFICE OF THE PURCHASING Se Report of Bills handled during Month of ry 9 grr sen | Souda | (oedema | | bVAdoud | ao didel | Ldekdebadl Uddoaeted | Adel | Lavra | | (Added [11 January 23, 1908 Monthly Report of Expenditures.—These Figures Are Imaginary and Merely for Illustration, January 23, 1908 A reference to one of the accompanying forms showing a report of the bills handled during the month will give the reader a comprehensive idea of the manner in which the companies’ operating departments are divided. A daily record similar to the monthly report is also kept, so that at the end of each day the president of the com- pany can be informed at a glance how much has been spent and where it has been applied. How Orders Are Handled. The system of handling orders is especially complete, every detail being covered by regular forms so arranged that the exact status of every order placed can be as- certained at a moment’s notice. The works clerk and the store keeper in every department are obliged to keep track of all material on hand, and when a low limit is reached or any material is needed a requisition is made out and forwarded to the purchasing department. If any item in the requisition is required in a short time, men- tion of the fact is made and these orders are placed first. It is required that all requisitions must be signed by the works manager, and a duplicate copy is sent to the pur- chasing department, whiie the original is sent to the chief engineer for approval. In the average case, the purchasing department recognizes the duplicate copy and acts at once, not waiting for the approval of the chief en- gineer. On special material or on orders for mechanical equipment the department waits for the arrival of the form approved by the chief engineer before placing an order. As in all cases where duplicate forms are used, different colored sheets have been adopted in order that they may be quickly assorted. REQUISITION HUDSON COMPANIES No. 1016 much as practicable. No i wa by the the Chief Engineer or Deputy Chief Engineer. In urgent cases, if necessary, requests for material may he telephoned to the Purchasing Agent, but mast firmed by written requisition. In addition, memorandums returned bearing the number of the requisition on which the particular ikem or items appear — a= --. = oe = - —— TO THE PURCHASING AGENT, HUDSON COMPANTEA, 111 HMROADWAY, NEW YORK. ‘° > SEND rorms T MAKE mnvorce IN TRC an orice HiupSON COMPANIES au BROADWAY, NEW YORE c 1 -~_- Cornell & Underhill, ———43 Boaoh St. B.Y. City. a or onognihg °° = Aad lS | to prees norat received in| Correct #* i/ wh | . goed condit-en..- - Wines core es voritieg by --——~ ‘ expremmge | idea Pn eNageanle = en Requisition Form and Bill Form.—The Latter Is Sent with Bach Order. When bids have been obtained by the purchasing de- partment on special material, the figures are submitted to the chief engineer for his recommendation and wher- ever possible they are followed. Each order sent out is accompanied by triplicate sets of bills, and the order con- tains instructions to bill on the Hudson Companies’ forms. When these bills are returned they are checked as to extensions, discounts, &e, checked ‘against the order, and if the bill dees met agree with the order in every detail it is returned for an explanation with a form letter asking details. In cases of an excess ship- THE IRON AGE DATE 1/9/'08, ena ownes Morton St, IMPORTANT. —Requisitions will be made in triplicate—one to the Purchasing Agent. one to the Chief Engineer, and one for filing All orders for material or supplies to be placed through the Purchasing Agent. A reasonable period of time must be granted for Gilling requisitions. Deliveries exacted on short notice entail an extra charee. requirements, therefore, should be anticipated as chasing Agent until the requisition covered thereby receives the approval of received from the Purchasing Agent confirming orders telephoned wil) be SSS eee | V. Messiter work's Manager HUDSON COMPANIES OFFICE OF PURCHASING aGENT 111 Broapway, New Yorke AUTHORIZED CHANGE OF ORDER Kindly consider the following Caan ioe... REQ'’N No.__156 ¢ _ oun. J. C. Bryant & Co., 23 Duane St. City. as Jan. 8, 1909. ——- CANCELLED anv RENEWED. ORDER NO. FIRM , AMENDED. VIZ. —_—___Change_ttom Jo, 6 tu read 6000 pounds inetesd-of-4000- REASON £xtension of work after craer was plas Form for Changing Orders. ment or short shipment, there must be an authorized change of order sheet is- sued before the bill can be passed. When the bill is correct and approved by the chief clerk in the auditing depart- ment, it is passed to the purchasing agent for his approval and then listed to the department which ordered the ma- terial. This department is obliged to acknowledge all forms and the receipt of the material and O. K. the bill. Copies of these forms are sent to the treasurer’s office, the duplicate is retained by the de- partment for its own files and the trip- licate copy is filed in the purchasing agent’s office. Cases sometimes arise when it is necessary for the department to order material directly, as, for in- stance, in case of a breakdown or a sud- den shortage of coal or other material is discoverd, and then the department makes the best arrangement possible to get the material and returns a confirm- ing requisition giving the price they have obtained. Such orders have a distin- guishing mark to indicate that the ma- terial was not ordered through the pur- chasing department. This is a precau- tionary measure against a future devel- opment that an excessive price was paid and shows that the fault was not with the purchasing department. be con- Emergency Orders, An unusually complete system of forms has been devised covering the or- dering of equipment needed in emer- gency through the purchasing department. In cases of a breakdown or any other emergency, the works man- ager telephones the order department of the purchasing department stating what is needed and just how long he can wait for a delivery. Here the loose leaf reference book and the record of bids and delivery terms mentioned above come into service, as the order clerk selects the most likely firm from which the material can be pur- chased, making his judgment from the records as to whether this firm has lived up to its delivery and can be thoroughly relied upon, and immediately telephones 270 No. made . TERMS Dare 1/3/°08. 30 DaYrs THE IRON for advice as to how soon the material can be delivered. If the delivery the order is immediately placed over the telephone and a form confirming the telephone order is filled out and can be made within the time limit, 198UED FROM OFFICE OF PURCRASING AGENT, 11) BROADWAY. NEW TORE. AGE January 23, 1908 being provided with forms on which to make a complete report of the result of the order. ailed to the department from which the order is also m telephone messa; ORIGINAL HUDSON COMPANIES Oppenr No.?°°* 111 BROADWAY The New York Car Wheel .Co., Buffalo, N. Y. hiatal ale PLEASE FURNISH FOR THIS COMPANY THE FOLLOWING MATERIAL. The quantities and items on your invoice must will not be accepted. Any change or variation must AFRO R eRe ee ee eee eeeeeseseseenes date set ‘sgpute » eupatine Same Rea. No., 448 General Storehouse, 13th and Henderson Sts., Jersey City, N. J. —— SSE ; 150 tone cast iron cape and collars and bases ae shown on our drawing #280E. DELIV: SRY; } PRICE: | I | | I | | Hudson Companies’ Inspector. Within a period of three wecke. $2.15 per hundred lbs. f.0.b. Jersey City. Above to be subjected to the inspection cf the iv Petr ian Ree neeeeeereeeeene ith those on order, expe by lettre panying invoice Detach and return this slip to T. P. Antaun, Purchasing Agent Huvsox Comramts, 11] Broadway, N. Y. | earned aia 2 tenet nominigsing Delivery of material specified will be aws--weessemmesennen-seeneeeme With the exception of the following, which will be shipped on the Order Form and Acknowledgment Slip. gupeon conpannas ~= ‘let PURCHASING DEPARTMENT a wo. i Ew vorE son. Menky ovricsa T. P. ARTAUD., Purchasing Agent, TI Breeden, New York. Kan Me by telephone reported by-temer hereinafter set forth, viz: = Drtation —-tander date of f ’ ofog the following descfibed orders as incomplete in the manner HUDSON COMPAN T. P. ARTAUD, Purchasing Agent, 111 Broadway, New York Referring to orders within enumerated, | beg to report as below : ge was received, A copy of the telephone and that department is required to make a confirming requisi- tion on the purchasing office. In cases where the promises delivery are not lived up to, the pur- chasing office is informed through the inspector of supplies and the order is immediately canceled and placed with another firm. This seldom happens, however, as the information in the office records is of such a nature that the de- partment does not frequently go wrong as to on emergency orders. Sometimes when a department calls up for emergency supplies it is authorized to go to some nearby firm and procure what is needed, but in that case the telephone forms mentioned above are filled out. An idea of the varied line of pur- chasing done by the company tained from the following extract from a single requisition : can be ob- Quantity. Material. Delivery required. 1O cara RM atome.....ccs0s> Two a day T. F. ee ge oe ee At once. i Mn Ts hk oa 0 Cv osc ew care At once. 1 No. 34 hoisting engine, complete, Two days. 190 pieces 12 x 12 in. by 24 ft. L. L. Y. P. One day. .One day. Two weeks. soles.. 25 pairs hip boots, leather 75 tons 85-lb. per yard ASCE A system of keeping track on cars containing shipments to the company has been adopted, and a large book con- taining these records is in use in the office. This book contains headings un- der which the name of the railroad, the number of the car and the order number are entered. In another book are kept records of the date of shipment, the car number, the weight, the waybill number, the character of the material and the department to which the material is seni NOTE — The person returning this repurt qill mate wm the tet bead colume opposite the orders con- vermed whether or not delivery has bees accomplished within the time epecined and such exher remarks as may be necessary Form for Inspector's Report. ‘ mailed, the office copy being handed to the inspector of supplies with a notation on it as to when the delivery is to be accomplished, and it is the inspector's business to see that the promises of the seller are lived up to, he together with’ remarks explaining necessary details. Considerable is taken up by The Form Letters, time of the average purchasing agent correspondence, and during the early January 23, 1908 period of the organization of his system Mr. Artaud found that many of the letters he was obliged to dictate in important matters to which he desired to give his per- sonal attention related to details which had been paral- leled by previous correspondence. Accordingly he evolved 2 series of form letters covering conditions which fre- quently arose and in consequence much of the corre- spondence of the office was simplified. One of the first of ‘these was a letter which went out with the average order sent out by the company asking questions calcu- lated to simplify the tabulated listing and handling of bids. This letter contained the following questions: (1) At what price have you entered this order? (2) Does the price quoted include delivery at point cated? (3) Will you prepay expense of delivery and charge to Hud- son Companies? (4) Will you allow any discount for cash payment within 10 days from receipt of material, and if so, how much? These questions are asked simply in order to avoid any mis understanding when certifying your invoice for payment. With out the information requested, the invoice cannot be audited. Where possible when quoting prices, the list price, discount off, catalogue, page and number are to be furnished. indi- Sometimes companies from whom it was especially desired to secure a bid, particularly where their output was considered to be superior to the average material in their line, neglected to answer the questions contained in the above mentioned letter. There were some who even chose to ignore the correspondence and instead sent back their own forms of contract covering in a way the desired information. parties the form letter was framed : For these following We have as yet received no response to letter accompanying our order No....., requesting certain information made neces sary under the rules of this office. A copy of the letter referred to is inclosed herewith, an early acknowledgment of which will be appreciated for the reasons stated therein. Appeasing Unsuccessful Bidders. It was found that after contracts were awarded the purchasing agent’s office was deluged with correspond- euce from unsuccessful bidders, asking for reasons why they were not awarded the contract. In many salesmen called to request the information, while some heads of firms went so far as to ask for a personal ex- planation. To avoid the trouble and correspondence caused by inquiries, a form letter was framed which is now sent out to all unsuccessful bidders where on important contract is awarded. In addition to con- taining a polite assurance that the unsuccessful com- pany will be again given an