The Iron Age 1907-09-05: Vol 80 Iss 10

THE IRON AGE Published every Thursday Moraing by David Williams Co. 14-16 Park Place, New York. Vol. 80: No. ro. New York, Thursday. September 5, 1407 Fee ects sd cae Demeae Reading Matter Contents ..... page 652 Alphabetical Index to Advertisers ‘‘ 304 Classified List of Advertisers ** 294 Advertising and Sabeongtins Rates‘' 688 Reed FE. Blair & Co. Frick Building, Pittsburg, Pa. COKE, PIG IRON CHROME ORE FERRO MANGANESE ____ SILICON SPIEGEL, ETC. BEAUTIFUL WINDOW TRIM FREE Bring more sporting goods customers into your store by means of the beautiful U. M.C. — Remington window display shown herewith. Lithographed in six colors. Adjustable to any size window. It is the finest window adver- tising scheme ever put out. Sent with full instruction upon receipt of postal. Address The Union Metallic Cartridge Company Advertising Department 313 Broadway, New York City The Pett ee WEEE Co: : Ropes-and seat = Meat Bracd New York a — — 1 THE.BRISTOL COMPANY Waterbury, Conn., U.S. A. New York: 114 Liberty St. Chicago: 753 Monadnock Bldg. Bristol’s Recording Instruments For Pressure, Tempera- ture and Electricity. Simple, Accurate, Reliable. All Ranges, Low Prices, and Guar- anteed. Send for Catalog R. SAMSON SPOT CORD| WATER TUBE (Gh4e Babcock @ Wilcox Co. 85 Lib * BOILERS See page 65 aa, There is More Profit for the Merchant in Carrying SAMSON GORDAGE WORKS, Boston, Mass. ote ee ““Capewell’’ Horse Nails i ma Than others because there is such a large demand for this Cleveland City Forge and Iron Co., - Cleveland, O. brand. Considerably more than half of all the horseshoe Also Linen and Italian Hemp Sash Cord See pages 191 and 192. a BBs E. nails sold in the United States are ‘‘Capewell.”” It pays a gage éx%|} dealer, therefore, always to carry these nails in stock. m= & THEY SELL THE BEST Made by The Capewell Horse Nail Co., “¢oisr® JENKINS BROS. VALVES STANDARD PATTERN. Made of new steam metal of the best grade. Fitted with the Jenkins Disc, assur- ing an absolutely steam tight valve under all ordinary pressures. When fitted with a soft Jenkins Disc they are the most satisfactory valves that can be obtained for use on water, air or gas. All parts interchangeable. Every valve bearing the Trade Mark is guaranteed. ail wee Baneto “ look ont” if. you JENKINS BROS., New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago, London London. a Mimo anon *— |Cumedan” Gold Rolled Steel ites: Drawing ax Slamping THE AMERICAN TUBE & STAMPING COMPANY SEE Water and Rail Delivery) BRIDGEPORT, CONN. PAGE FOUNDRY IRON. Girard Building, Phila. Pilling & Crane Machesney Bldg., Pitteb’g Empire Bldg., New York. Cover your roof with M. F. ROOFING TIN ») = MAGNOLIA riikfox METAL AMERICAN The Standard Babbitt of the World SHEET & TIN PLATE We manufacture COMPANY’S fave Line, >> MAGNOLIA METAL CO. New York: 115 Bank St. Chicago~ Fisher Building. Montreal: 31 St. Nicholas St. Ad. on Page 18 AGE Pee IRON BRASS. COPPER 0 GERMAN |S" SILVER | we LOW BRASS, SHEET BRONZE, SEAMLESS BRASS AND COPPER TUBING, BRAZED BRASS AND BRONZE TUBING : : : +: : WATERBURY BRASS CO., WATERBURY, CONN. 99 John St.. New York. Providence, R. |. Bridgeport Deoxidized Bronze & Metal Co. BRIDGEPORT, CONN. THE PROMPT SHIPMENTS We are now ina position to make QUICK DELIVERIES BLACK SHEETS ONE PASS COLD ROLLED and special quantities and finishes. FOLLANSBEE BROTHERS COMPANY PITTSBURGH Phosphor and Deoxidized Bronze Composition, Yellow Brass and Alumi- num Castings, large and small Matthiessen & Hegeler Zinc Co., LA SALLE, ILLINOIS. SMELTERS OF SPELTER AND MANUFACTURERS SHEET ZINC AND SULPHURIC ACID. Special Sizes of Zine cut to order. Rolled Battery Plates Selevted Plates for Etchers’ and Lithographers’ use Selected Sheets for Paper and Card Makers’ use. Stove and Washboard Blanks. ZINCS FOR LECLANCHE BATTERY. WSN ieee eu Ue HU 105 -109 So, Jefferson St., Chicago. Best Bronze, Babbitt Metals, Brass and Almuinum CASTINGS | GERMAN SILVER | NICKEL ANODEs THE SEYMOUR MFG. CO. - - SEYMOUR, CONN HENDRICKS BROTHERS PROPRIETORS OF THE Belleville Copper Rolling Mills, Braziers’ chanieh mae Sheathing COPPER COPPER WIRD AND RHRIVETS, Importers and Dealers in Ingot Copper, BlockK Tin, Spelter, Lead, Antimony, etc. 49 CLIFF ST., NEW YORH. NICKEL ANODES THOMASTON, CONN The Plume & Atwood Mfg. Co. Manufacturers of wre Sheet and Roll Brass WIRE Printers’ Brass, Jewelers’ Metal, German Silver and Gilding Metal, Copper Rivets and Burrs Pins, Brass Butt Hinges, Jack Chain, Kerosene Burners, Lamps, Lamp Trimmings, &c. 279 Broadway, NEW YORK Room 508 Heyworth Building, East Madi- son St., CHICAGO, ILL Rolling Mill Factories WATERBURY, CONN. SCOVILL MFG. CO. MANUFACTURERS OF BRASS, GERMAN SILVER, Sheets, Rolls, Wire Rods, Bolts and Tubes, Brass Shells, Cups, Hinges, Buttons, Lamp Goods, Special Brass Goods to Order. FACTORIES: WATERBURY, CONN. DrpoTs: NEW YORK CHICAGO BOSTON Henry Souther Engineering Co. HARTFORD, CONN. Consulting Chemists, Metallur- gists and Analysts. Complete Pnysical Testing Laboratory. Expert Testimony in Court and Patent Cases. ArthUrT. Rutter & Go. 256 Broadway NEW YORK |Small tubing in Brass, Copper, Steel, Aluminum, German Silver, &c. Sheet Brass, Copper and German Silver. Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire. Brazed and Seamless Brass and Copper Tube. Coppér and Brass Rod. THE BRIDGEPORT BRASS CO., BRIDGEPORT, CONN. vane ie heft ol ks — i “ ri 7th st., Philadelphia MANUFACTURERS OF SHEET TUBING WIRE Brass AND | Copper Metal Goods made to order from Sheet, Rod. Wire and Tubing. a) PHOSPHOR-BRONZE Add GERMIAN SILVER THE RIVERSIDE METAL Co. ee THE IRON AGE New York, Thursday, September 5, 1907. Two New Stoever Pipe Machines. At the recent master mechanics’ convention in Atlan- tic City, the Stoever Foundry & Mfg. Company, Myers- town, Pa., exhibited the two machines illustrated here- with. That shown in Fig. 1 is a new 2-in. lever type pipe threading and cutting off machine, and that shown in Fig. 2 is a No. 2 automatic pipe bending machine, the latest type of its class built by this company. The 2-in, Lever Type Pipe Threading Machine, This machine has been designed with a consideration for the conditions as they exist in a pipe shop where widely varying sizes may have to be worked upon in in- discriminate order. It has been the aim to make the machine as rapid as possible in the handling of such work. It is capable of cutting off and threading pipe of Ly OR A Apo et Se Neat : A caught. The three universal gripping jaws may be ad- justed from any one of three points 120 degrees apart around the circumference of the chuck, so that one is always convenient to the operator. All parts inside of the chuck are of steel. For supporting the various sizes of pipe a set of bushings is provided, each of which when used extends clear through the spindle and has a bearing at each end. When the chuck is open the jaws are always outside of the bushing, which prevents the operator from jamming the pipe against the jaws. For making long or short nipples an improved holder is used consisting of three pieces of hardened tool steel. These are placed in the same chuck in which the gripping jaws are used, and are opened and closed by the same lever movement. The supporting member for the die head slides longi- tudinally on the bed, and the head is free to move later- Fig. 1 The New Pipe Threading and Cutting Off Machine Built by the Stoever Foundry & Mfg. Company, Myerstown, Pa. all sizes between %4 and 2 in. of either steel or iron. Through a sliding gear and a clutch nine different speeds, proportioned in accordance with the work, are obtainable from a constant speed driving pulley. The proper speeds for various sizes of pipe and how to obtain them are in- dicated by a plate on the headstock. All of the shafts and gears are on the outside of the machine proper, but the gearing is completely inclosed by a cover, which can be quickly removed to expose it for inspection. For the sake of rigidity and stiffness of the bearings, the bed and headstock are in one piece, it being the con- tention of the builder that bearings in separate castings bolted to the bed cannot properly withstand the strain put upon the front bearing of the main spindle when the chuck is operated. The chuck is of an improved lever type, which may be gripped or released while the spindle is rotating. Though powerful in its action, only a little pressure on the hand lever at the side of the machine is necessary to operate it. All of the gripping parts being within and the exterior of the chuck smooth, the opera- tor is in no danger of having his hands or clothing ally to accommodate it to an eccentric pipe, relieving the dies of strain and insuring an even depth of thread all around the pipe. The head can be pushed to one side so as to pass the chuck, which allows the cutting off tools to be brought very close to the chuck for cutting off the shortest pieces of pipe. With the head slid out of the way, pipe can be inserted from the front, and, pass- ing it through the stand, prevents it from dragging over the dies. The head is equipped with inserted inter- changeable steel cams for taking the thrust of the dies and adjusting them. Hardened steel plates are also placed in the bottom of the die slots to resist the wear due to contracting and expanding the dies, thus keeping the lead of the separate chasers absolutely correct. To facilitate changing chasers the front face of the head swings outward and the change can be made at any position of the cams. Opening the face also com- pletely exposes the interior for cleaning. The machine can be equipped with one universal head for all sizes o* pipe, Or with a separate head for each size. The latte: arrangement is advantageous in jobbing shops where een RS tal ate» enn nd SPUD changes from one size to another and perhaps back again are frequent, as it does away with die adjustments. The ways of the die stand are long enough to admit two heads, so that one being used on a fairly steady job may be pushed back and another for a short job may be put on, used, taken off and the first brought back to position to continue the original work. Two cutting off tools are used, both operated by the Same screw and handle. A universal adjustment is al- lowed for, so that both tools will always be cutting. The oil supply to the dies and cutting off tools is de- livered by a gear pump which works in either direction and is driven by chain from the constant speed driving pulley. After being used the oil drains into the bed and through strainers to the tank on the base, from which it is drawn by the pump. The cabinet base of the ma- chine affords space for dies, nipple holders, wrenches, &e. <A large oil pan is cast around the base. The net 614 THE IRON AGE September 5, 1907 be used with others of different size, is a vise having two universal adjustable jaws operated by the lever shown. Interchangeable bushings are used in these jaws for various sizes of pipe. The large hand wheel at the side actuates a slide in the table carrying two rollers to move them from or toward the central spindle, according to the size of form- ing roll it carries. One of the small rollers is in line with the large roller and forces the pipe into the latter; the other is a guide roller for keeping the unbent part of the pipe in position. When a bend has been formed and removed, a clutch is operated to throw in a set of gears, reversing the rotation of the spindle returning the forming roll to its original angular position. Arms ad- justably located on the spindle, contact with adjustable stops on a rod connected with the clutch, to automatically stop rotation in either direction. It is thus possible to make any number of bends exactly alike. The clutch Fig. 2.—The Stoever No. 2 Automatic Pipe Bending Machine. weight of the belt driven machine with one universal die head, dies, countershaft and bushings is 2500 Ib. The No. 2 Automatic Pipe Bending Machine. As, might be understood from Fig. 2, the bending ma- chine is a special manufacturers’ machine and not in any sense a portable contractor’s bender. The view shows a motor driven form, but where the machine is belt driven the only difference is the omission of the supporting bracket for the motor and the gears between it and the belt pulley shaft. When driven by belt only one speed is possible, but when a motor is attached it is preferable to use one of variable speed type, as different speeds may then be used for different bends. The machine is capable of bending 1, 1%, 1% and 2 in. pipe at radii varying from 2% in. for 1-in. pipe to 12 in. for all four sizes. The power is transmitted from the pulley shaft through three gear reductions to the vertical spindle holding the main forming roller. The latter is in two pieces, separable in its central plane; the lower half is keyed to the spindle and the upper half feathered upon it, so as to be vertically adjustable by the hand wheel at the top of the spindle. After a bend has been formed, particularly a 180-degree or return bend made cold, it is necessary to release it by raising the upper half of the roller. Removably fastened to the former, so that it may can also be thrown either way by the foot treadle shown in the illustration. In using this machine tis it not necessary to fill the pipe, as the normal section is retained throughout the bend without it. The number of bends that may be made in a given time depends on the degree and radius of cur- vature. It has made 16 complete bends in 10 minutes, and a number of times in daily operation has made 300 bends in 9 hr.; these were 180 degree bends of 2-in. pipe made to a radius of 4 ft. and having 5 or 6 ft. legs. —__--o___—_ Chicago Subway Traffic.—The Illinois Tunnel. Com- pany announces that by November 1 the subway is ex- pected to be carrying daily to and from railroad freight houses of the city 10,000 carloads of freight of 2 or 3 tons each. The tunnel railroads—18 east and west and 12 north and south—connect with the freight houses of the 23 railroads centering in the city. The subway com- pany has lately made freight contracts with all of these roads. The tunnel lines have connections with a num- ber of important stores. The tunnel motors already make 1000 trips a day with mails between the. post office and railroad stations, and in the last three months have carried 2,516,430 pouches, of which 99.97 per cent. were delivered on time. The tunnel company has on its 2 ft. gauge tracks 1200 cars and 80 electric motors, and 50 more motors will soon be received. ui = nh Pate TERS IUAT = ee Fe Sh act SPIER September 5, 1907 Fluorspar Production in 1906. Wasuinoton, D. C., September 3, 1907.—There was a heavy decline in the total production of fluorspar in 1906 as compared with 1905, according to the annual report of the United States Geological Survey, which has just been conipleted by E. F, Burchard. The total quantity of fluorspar marketed during the year was 40,796 net tons, valued at $244,025, compared with 57,385 tons, valued at $362,488 in 1905. The reduced output is doubtless due in large part to an overproduction in 1905, the surplus stock of which was sold the following year. The output of 1904 was only 36,452 tons, valued at $234,755. It is the custom of some producers to carry a reserve stock equal to about one year’s production. There was, there- fore, a large quantity on hand, unsold, at the close of 1906. ; Bllinois Leads the industry. The bulk of the production comes, as usual, from IIli- nois and Kentucky. The production reported from Illi- nois stili retains the lead, and maintains a steadier con- dition than that from Kentucky. In the latter State there is great need of better shipping facilities from cer- tain localities, in order to handle the present product and to develop the district properly. Arizona has reported no production since 1904, and the production reported from Colorado as far less than that of 1905, but Tennessee showed a substantial increase in 1906. Illinois in 1906 produced 28,268 net tons of fluorspar, valued at $160,623. Of this total 4529 tons were reported as ground spar, val- ued at $47,224, the remainder being sold as lump and gravel. There were 800 tons reported as mined, but not sold. The production of ground spar showed a decided increase in this State during 1906. Kentucky produced in 1906 nearly 12,000 net tons of fluorspar, valued at about $80,000. Of this total 4821 tons were reported as ground spar. valued at $43,318. About 1200 tons of spar were reported mined in Kentucky, but not sold. In Ten- nessee the produce was reported as all crude, 15 tons be- ing unsold at the end of the year; in Colorado the prod- uct was likewise all lump and gravel. Both in the early part of 1906 and at the close of the year the tendency of demand and prices was reported to be steadily upward, but the average values reported show a slight decrease below those of 1905. Kentucky crude fiuorspar ranged from $3.60 to $5, with an average value of $4.22 per net ton. In the same State the ground mate- rial sold for slightly above $10 per ton. Ia Illinois the crude spar brought from $4 to $5.32, averaging $4.70, per net ton: and the refined ranged from $9 to $12, averaging $10.83, per ton. Colorado and Tennessee crude brought, respectively, $6 and $5 per ton. These prices are for the spar packed in sacks and barrels, f.o.b. at the shipping points nearest to the mines. Preparation and Uses. The various uses of fluorspar depend on its chemical composition, fluxing properties, and phosphorescence when heated, and on its optical and gemlike properties. Its preparation involves separation from other minerals with which it is associated, the treatment comprising hand sorting, crushing and jigging. Part of the high grade ore is ground and shipped in barrels and sacks; the rest is sold in lump form. Where fluorspar is associated with zine blende, complete separation of the two minerals has been difficult on account of their nearness in specific gravity. While fluorspar is useful in smelting iron ores it is harmful to zine, and therefore the zinc-fluorspar concentrates have been of little value. Recently a new process for separating fluorspar and zinc has been re- ported as successful, which promises to increase the production of both minerals. The three principal classes of consumers of fluorspar are, in order of importance, smelters and metallurgists, makers of opalescent glass and enameled wares and chemical manufacturers. The highest grade, “ American lump No. 1,” which runs less than 1 per cent. silica and is white or clear pale blue in color, is sold either ground or in lumps, for use in the glass, enameling and chemical industries, the latter including the manufacture of hydro- fluoric acid. Grinding of the pure, clear spar can be dispensed with for some purposes, as it readily de- THE IRON AGE 615 crepitates to a powder when heated. The second grade, *“ American lump No. 2,” is used by blast furnaces in the production of ferrosilicon and ferromanganese, and in basic open hearth steel furnaces to give increased fluidity to the slag and to reduce the contents of phosphorus and sulphur. This grade includes colored spar and may run as high as 4 per cent. silica, though mostly sold with a 3 per cent. guaranty. The lowest grade, “ gravel spar,” including all that containing more than 4 per cent. silica, as well as spar mixed with calcite, is used in iron and brass foundries, where it is of value in making the metal more fluid, in permitting the use of greater quantities of lower grades and scrap, and because it carries phos- phorus, sulphur and other impurities into the slag. Character and Occurrence’ associated with other minerals, has a broad distribution geographically, and a wide range geo- logically. ‘The deposits thus far exploited are, however, confined to five States: Arizona, Colorado, Illinois, Ken- tucky, and Tennessee. The -Arizona production has come mainly from the Castle Dome District, Yuma County. In 1902, 1903, and 1904 smal] quantities of fluorspar were shipped from this locality, but during the last two years there has been no production reported beyond that required for assessment work. In Colorado the fluorspar occurs in Boulder and Custer counties, along the Front Range. The chief de- posits in Illinois and Kentucky occur in adjoining por- tions of the two States, Hardin and Pope counties in Illinois, being separated from the Kentucky counties, Crittenden, Livingston, and Caldwell, only by the Ohio River. The great size and the purity of the fluorspar deposits of the L[llinois-Kentucky District indicate that for many years they will continue the main source of domestic production. Prospecting with favorable results has been reported from Mercer County, in central Ken- tucky. The Tennessee production has been from Smith and Trousdale counties, near the central part of the State. A most recent addition to the list of possible pro- ducing States is California, since fluorspar deposits in San Bernardino County are now being investigated. Flourspar is secured as a by-product of lead and zine in Albemarle County, Va.; with gold tellurides at the Crip- ple Creek mines, Colorado, and at a number of other localities in quantities too small for use at present. Practically, wherever it has been mined, fluorspar occurs as a veinstone, although under widely different condi- tions. In the Kentucky-Illinois District it is the chief mineral or ore of value in many of the veins, lead and zine being of secondary importance, and in many places not valuable even as by-products, while in the Castle Dome District, jig concentrates of fluorspar are made incidental to concentrating the lead-silver ores. Fluorspar, Imports, There is considerable fluorspar imported at present, but the market is practically limited to the Atlantic Coast, since the cost of freight from English seaports to points west of New York tends to restrict the field. English fluorspar has heretofore been cheap, at times selling at a price below the present cost of American production, the shipments having been made from refuse dumps of abandoned lead mines, besides being brought to America as ballast, duty free. It is expected that the local and the American demand will consume these Eng- lish fluorspar mill tailings within a few years, and that thenceforth the material cannot be profitably exported to America, as the mines are closed. The quantity of flourspar imported into the United States in 1906 was not reported as such, but was grouped with other imports by the Bureau of Statistics. Good grades of imported iluorspar for chemical use have been recently sold at New York for $7.70 per ton, ex vessel. w. L. C. SEE aman come Liquid chalk is very handy when laying out work on castings or sheet iron or steel. The best solution is two- thirds pint of very finely powdered chalk, one-third hot water and two tablespoonsfuls of liquid glue, thoroughly mixed while hot. ‘This can be applied with a brush, will not rub off with ordinary handling and provides a good surface on which to work. 616 THE IRON AGE A New Doty Scrap Shear. An alligator type of shear especially intended for cut- ting up scrap, recently brought out by the New Doty Mfg. Company, Janesville, Wis., is shown in the accompany- ing illustrations. Two sizes are built; the smaller has a 14-in. knife and the larger a 24in. knife. Both will cut scrap up to % in. thick, and are very strong and power- ful. Fig. 1 shows the general appearance of a machine of this type and Fig, 2 side and end elevations. From the latter it will be seen that.no gears enter into the con- Fig. 1—A New Scrap Cutting Shear Made by the New Doty Mfg. Company, Janesville, Wis. September 5, 1907 p.m. Both will stop at Queenstown for mail and pas- sengers. The distance from Queenstown to Sandy Hook is about 2750 nautical miles. The Lucania now holds the record from Queenstown, having made the trip in 5 days 7 hr. and 23 min. It is figured that if the Lusitania shows on this trip speed equal to that made on her trial trip—namely, 25.5 knots, she will win the coming race by about 10 hr. —————__-————____. Government Railroad Ownership in Mexico. Consul W. D. Shaughnessy of Aguascalientes advises the Department of Commerce and Labor that a great deal of uneasiness is felt among the mining and smelt- ing interests owing to the recent advance in railroad freight rates by the Mexican Government, which went into effect August 9. Concerning this he says: “It is a complete revision of the general freight tar- iff and the classification, advancing the rates on prac- tically all commodities, but is especially pronounced on the shipments of ores. The increase in the latter case will average 20 per cent. The new classification will affect all of the Mexican Government’s main and branch railroad lines, and it is rumored that when the merger of all the railroads in the republic actually takes place, which is antisipated in the near future, the rates will “again be increased, making the total advance enormous. “The many mining interests in Mexico, of which a large percentage are American operators and stockhold- ers, will suffer to a great extent. Those who have here- tofore managed to ship the low grade ores upon a pay- ing basis will be unable, under the new classification, to transport any except the high grade ores. This will re- Fig. 2.—End and Side Elevations of the New Doty Scrap Shear. struction; the power is directly applied to the eccentric shaft, which is intended to run at about 80 strokes per minute. A motor can be attached directly to the driving shaft if desired, or belt drive may be employed. ——___-$—>- The Alcohol Engine.—Referring to the fact that the practical alcohol motor is as undeveloped, from all in- dications, as before the denatured alcohol legislation was enacted, Power says: “The point has been made by sev- eral writers that starting an alcohol engine involves dif- ficulties because the alcohol must be heated before it will volatilize with sufficient rapidity for use as fuel. This, of ccurse, is a practical obstacle, but it must be over- come sooner or later and does not constitute a sound rea- son for neglecting the development of that type of en- gine. Moreover, it is an obstacle that should be over- come in several ways by the exercise of ordinary inge- nuity.” ——_VJH oe In the handicap race across the Atlantic between the Lucania and the Lusitania, the former will: leave Liver- pool at 4.30 p.m., September 7, and the latter at 7 o’clock sult sooner or later in the necessity of shutting down a great number of the low grade mines. —_——_~>- Motor scooting is a new sport which is to motor boat- ing what ice yachting is to sailing. ‘The first scooter, ac- cording to the Automobile, is a 14-footer, with sharp prow and rounded stern, fitted with a very light four- cylinder air cooled gasoline engine of about 20 hp., mount- ed in the forward end of the cockpit on heavy rubber cushions, to reduce jar. The shaft drives an ordinary bicycle wheel with reinforced steel rim, containing steel studs about 4 in. long. This wheel runs in a centerboard case and can be made to bite firmly into the ice, touch it lightly or revolve freely. An automobile steering wheel operates a long, fin shaped rudder under the stern, which when running straight does not touch the ice, but when steering is brought in contact to port or starboard. No danger attends running into water, for the centerboard case keeps water out of the hull. Not only is this craft fast on ice, but it does almost equally well on hard, frozen snow. On the Great South Bay a speed of 60 miles an hour has been attained; with higher gearing it is esti- mated that a speed of 100 miles an hour could be made. 4 ‘4 ‘ : j ; We ae Sees “Ak pag aes ae ye et TN A EASE SE pSiais <nn) eines Meh ee ua tana te eRe BE Ca i September 5, 1907 The Peerless Gasoline Hoist. A gasoline engine driven hoist intended particularly for the use of contractors is made by the Peerless Motor Company, Lansing, Mich., and herewith illustrated. The outfit consists of a 5-hp. vertical four-cycle engine and a double drum geared hoist capable of lifting 1000 Ib. at 150 ft. per minute or 2000 lb. at 78 ft. per minute, The engine and hoist are mounted upon one base, making ¢ neat, compact and rigid unit. The engine is fitted with a hit-or-miss type of governor and make-and-break ig- niter, and has a east iron reservoir fastened to the top of the engine for circulating cooling water through the cylinder jacket by convection. The hoist is constructed with gears and clutches of the company’s own manufacture. The gears are cut from solid metal and are of four pitch, with 24%-in, face. The clutches are designed to withstand the rough use and ex- posure to weather to which this kind of machinery is subjected. One of the clutch pinions transmits power directly to a large gear on the drum shaft, while the other clutch gear transmits its motion through an idler A 5-hp. Gasoline Engine Driven Contractors’ Hoist Built by the Peerless Motor Company, Lansing, Mich. gear, giving the reverse rotation. The arrangement of clutches allows the engine to run continuously and always in the same direction. In the middle of the drum shaft is keyed a brake wheel, capable of securely holding the maximum load in any position. The large drum is secured to one end of the drum shaft and is intended to take two or three wraps in the middle of a %-in. cable, the free ends of which are fastened to two hoist cages, one ascending while the other is descending, so that the power expended is nearly all utilized in the actual raising of material. The smaller drum is secured to the opposite end of the drum shaft and is intended to be used for handling tim- bers, stone, I-beams, &c. The gears on the hoist, although not so illustrated, are covered with steel hoods to protect them and remove their menace to the operator. The brake is controlled by a foot lever, and is equally effective with the hoist running in either direction. The brake lever is locked in position by a ratchet segment and paw! that is con- trolled by the toe. The total weight of the equipment is THE IRON AGE 617 2600 Ib. Wickes Brothers, with offices in Pittsburgh, New York, Philadelphia, Boston, and Saginaw, Mich., are dis- tributing agents for this hoist. The Cement Industry in 1906. The production of cement in 1906 amounted to the enormous total of 51,000,445 barrels, valued at $55,302,- 277, exceeding by 10,897,137 barrels in quantity and $19,- 370,744 in value the production of 1905, which had been the banner year. Classified according to character, the production was as follows: Barrels. Value. po ee 46,463,422 $52,466,186 po EE ee ee ee eee 4,055,797 2,423,170 ee 481,224 412,921 These figures, compiled by L. L. Kimball are reported by the United States Geological Survey in an advance chapter from “ Mineral Resources of the United States, Calendar Year 1906,” and are somewhat greater than those given in the preliminary statistics of production issued by the survey early in the year, the difference being due to the fact that some of the returns were re ceived too late for use in the first statement. The most prosperous branch of the industry is, of course, the Portland cement branch, whose growth has been of the most phenomenal character. Twenty years ago, when the Portland cement output of the entire United States stood at about 250,000 barrels against nearly 7,000,000 barrels of natural cement, the first at- tempt was made to introduce the rotary kiln for the manufacture of Portland, the company exploiting the new process proudly claiming the ability to produce 30,000 barrels of cement per annum, and to triple this quantity as soon as the necessary grinding machinery should be added. To-day it is not considered in the least sensa- tional if a company announces the capacity of its plant at 3000 to 5000 barrels a day, while the yearly production of the large plants runs well into the millions of barrels. The decline of the natural cement industry has been gradual, but as steady as the increase of the Portland branch. In 1906 the effect of this decline has seemed to be even more widespread than in the preceding year. The owners of many plants have allowed them to re- main idle, some have turned their attention to lime burn- ing and kindred employments, and a few have dismantled the old plants and established buildings and machinery for making Portland cement. Since some of the lime- stone, known as cement rock, from which the natural cement is made forms an equally good base for Portland cement, the last course would seem to be both logical and wise. The growth of the slag or puzzolan branch of the cement industry is interesting because of its steadiness. The advantage of the industry is that it consumes a prod- uct of iron furnaces which has for years been trouble- some to dispose of and has been regarded as waste. This variety of cement is not burned in rotary kilns and should not be confused with Portland cement made with slag as a basis and burned in rotaries. Although the prices at which cement was sold in 1906 were higher than those which prevailed in 1905, they were not inflated but resulted from a normal growth in demand. That the quantity of cement exported by the United States to foreign countries is mot so large as it should be is probably due to the great home demand, but with continued increase in production the foreign trade cannot be long neglected. —————_~»-@__—__ English experiments with magneto and accumulator and coil ignition systems for gasoline engines seem to show that the engine power does not vary much, what- ever the voltage may be. A 40-hp. six-cylinder engine was tested. With am accumulator and coil and a pres- sure of 4.2 volts the horsepower was 40.9; with pressures ranging from 6 to 10 volts the horsepower was 42. The only thing that seemed to alter was the degree the spark could be advanced—i. e., the same power was obtained with a smaller advance when a higher voltage was used. A New Milling Machine Dividing Head. The Becker-Brainard Universal Index and Spiral Head, In designing the new universal index and spiral head for its milling machines, which is illustrated herewith, the Becker-Brainard Milling Machine Company, Hyde Park, Mass., was governed by two purposes. In general a head was wanted that would answer for the wide range of work occurring in ordinary practice, and retain the desirable features of older heads but be supplemented with such features as experience had indicated would add to its usefulness on all work. The more direct mo- tive was a desire to supply a spiral head equal to the heavier service now expected of a milling machine, but at the same time as accurate as such a tool should be. The features that are directly a consequence of this latter aim are stronger and more rigid construction and the use of a larger worm and worm wheel of coarser pitch. The head is especially interesting because of the ar- rangement by which differential indexing may be accom- plished regardless of the position of the head on the ma- chine platen, and on other than plain cylindrical work alone, such as bevel gears, and on work with helical grooves, such as spiral gears, and also because of the arrangement by which the spindle and work may be ro- tated independently of the lead screw when the change Fig. 1—The New Becker-Brainard Universal Index and Spiral Head with Back Plate Removed. gears are set for spiral milling, greatly facilitating the setting of the work. An adjustable clutch is the factor making this latter operation possible. Other points of novelty are the index crank, which may be rotated sep- arately from the index pin, giving a crank of the same throw, regardless of the position of the index pin and eliminating the chance of the pin dropping on the plate while revolving the crank; the single reversible index plate for all divisions; the adjustable dial on the spindle nose for obtaining angular divisions in degrees for work requiring no great accuracy, and the means for taking up wear in the worm gear or dividing wheel. The worm gear is made in two sections divided in the central plane of the gear, so that one section may be rotated on the other to compensate for the wear on the teeth. This scheme is an old one for making very accurate worm gears by the hobbing process and affords the most ac- curate means of adjusting wear. The stiffness of the construction is shown plainly in the various views. This increase in strength has not been had at the expense of ease of handling nor has it rendered the head clumsy or awkward to operate. The design is of an improved type, in which the swivel block is supported between heavy uprights, so as to swing in a vertical plane. By means of clamping bolts, which draw the outside plates tightly against the uprights, the block is held securely in any position during the héaviest cuts. The principal feature is the large worm wheel used. 618 THE IRON AGE September 5, 1907 For each size head it is as large as the respective swing would allow, and is much larger than that of any other form of head now in use. Fig. 1, a view of the head with the back plate removed, shows clearly the unusual size of the dividing wheel. Its large diameter adds much to the life of the wheel and insures greater accuracy in the work, and the resulting coarse pitch allows the taking of much heavier spiral cuts without the risk of impair- ing the accuracy or of distorting the teeth in the gear. The increase in stiffness of the head in general makes possible the use of much heavier cuts at faster feeds and speeds, thereby realizing the benefit of high speed steels. The plan of making the differential indexing mechan- ism a component part of the head, has been carried out so that the head may be used as an index or dividing head in any position along the platen, with the spindle either parallel with, or at right angles to the main spindle Fig. 2.—The Head with the Change Gears Used for Differential Indexing. of the machine, or in any intermediate position. This has been accomplished by placing the change gears used in differential indexing on the rear side of the head, as shown in Fig, 2, where A marks the differential worm stud, B the differential spindle stud and C the spiral worm stud. The gears have no connection with the table, as is the case with the ordinary index head fitted for differential indexing. By virtue of the arrangement of the differential indexing gears it is possible to swing the spindle into position for cutting bevel gears or teeth on any conical work. This extends the range of differential indexing from cylindrical work to that which requires the angular setting of the spindle in the vertical plane. To be universal the application of the differential in- dexing must be made available when cutting helical or spiral grooves, as on spiral gears. This has been done as follows: The principle on which the differential system of indexing works, makes it necessary to have the spindle and index plate so connected by change gearing, that the movement of the spindle will cause a movement of the index plate in one direction or the other. This requires that the index plate be free to move on its axis inde- pendently of the index crank during the indexing oper- ation. In cutting spirals, the plate is geared to the lead screw by suitable change gears, as shown in Fig. 3. The connection between the lead screw D and the index plate must be broken when making a division, so that the in- dex plate may be free to make the differential movement ae ROSE RID eat RGA aris + . ee eee ee eae cg) Ee = September 5, 1907 with the index crank. This is accomplished by withdraw- ing the adustable clutch E during the indexing operation. After the division has been made, the teeth in the clutch will have changed relation, so that they cannot be en- gaged until one-half of the clutch, which is made adjust- Fig. 3.—The Head Arranged and Equipped for Cutting Spirals. able for that purpose, is rotated the required amount by means of the knurled knobs attached to it. The connection between the index crank through the worm, worm gear, spindle and change gears of the dif- ferential indexing mechanism and the index plate, when the index pin is in mesh with a hole in the plate, forms a locked train, which must be released during the spiral cutting operation. The differential release is effected by means of the knurled knob F, Fig. 4, back of the. index plate, which operates a friction clutch. Frequently it is desired to roll the work on its axis a ‘ig. 4.—Another View of the Head, Showing the Differential Release and Means for Clamping the Plate. small amount without shifting the dog or losing the posi- tion of the index pin, or the amount of roll over may be such that if the crank is used the pin would net come exactly over a hole. Should it be attempted to move both plate and crank in conjunction it would be found that the back pin of the ordinary head would not engage THE IRON AGE 619 with a back hole. In this head the back pin is done away with and the plate is held in position, when re- sorting to plain indexing, by a frictional hold on the hub of the plate gear, which is clamped or released by the screw G, Fig. 4. By using this screw, work may be set regardless of the position of the plate, and the plate can then be clamped in the position it takes when the work is so set. The advantage of doing away with the back pin and substituting a more flexible holding device is ap- parent. In work requiring the head to be connected up for spiral cutting, the roll over of work is made more con- venient by the presence of the adjustable clutch E, which, as explained above, allows the disconnection of the spiral cutting train so that the spindle and work may be re- volved or rolled over without changing the position in relation to the cutter in a direction parallel with the feed motion. a Pneumatic Tools in England. At the summer meeting of the Institution of Mechani- cal Engineers at Aberdeen, Scotland, Herbert Bing read a paper on “ Portable Pneumatic Tools.” He said that con- siderable progress has been made in recent years, not only in the tools themselves, but in the range of work to which they are applicable. The engineers of Great Britain and the Continent are now as fully alive to the very important advantages to be derived from the use of pneumatic tools as the American engineers, who were the first to use such tools on an extensive scale, At present pneumatic tools are to be found in practically all engineering works, shipyards and mines throughout the world, and are largely used by contractors on constructional work. Many engineering firms in Great Britain are engaged in their manufacture, and the tools produced compare very favor- ably with those manufactured in the United States. While there is still room for improvement, both in de- sign and construction, the results so far achieved have only been made possible by the employment of the great- est care in methods of manufacture. In connection with pneumatic hammers, ordinary work is now done at a price for labor equivalent to a reduction of from 35 to 60 per cent. from hand labor rates. Rivet- ing hammers are capable of driving rivets up to 14-in. in diameter, and the rivets so driven in many marine boiler shops satisfactorily pass the tests imposed by the Board of Trade and Lloyd’s surveyors. Locomotive builders are making increased use of pneumatic hand riveting hammers in their boiler shops, and the work stands the high steam pressures at present employed quite well. The pneumatic holder-on used with riveting hammers has been improved, and the type most favored now hase a double piston. This has led to so marked an improvement that a hammer type holder-on is being introduced, the piston of which is really a valveless pneumatic hammer. The great extension in the use of pneumatic drills the author considers to be strikingly significant of their gen- eral utility, and the rates paid for pneumatic drilling vary from 40 to 75 per cent. below those paid for hand drilling, the actual saving depending upon the nature of the work. In many shipyards, including the Government dockyards, all rivet holes are now reamed out by pneu- matic drills. All sizes of boiler tubes are now expanded by pneumatie drills, which are also used by salvage com- panies. Recent improvements in drills have for their object providing a machine the mechanism of which can be readily adjusted and repaired at any shop without special tools or equipment, and a new feature in one in- stance is an arrangement of gearing which admits of the drill being run at two speeds. a“ ee For the first half of August the decrease in stocks of pig iron held in Connal’s stores in the Cleveland District, England, was about 15,000 tons, the amount on hand August 15 being 205,608 tons, all but about 10,000 tons being No. 3 Cleveland iron. In the fall of 1906, when the American demand for Cleveland iron set in, the stocks in Connal’s stores amounted to 598,000 tons. tal — — cereale tt sapere. wlio canteen ~ibitlnia ine ay oe | eR mene ni neem teeta tet eS UEERIE meen a LT TTI OTe AN EN SR A A ie RR — eB ee ve ee OER, 620 THE IRON AGE Loads on Steel and Cast Iron Wheels. The following data concerning the effect on steel rails of having cars equipped with solid steel and cast iron wheels respectively, were contributed by George L. Fow- ler in a topical discussion at the Atlantic City convention of the Master Car Builders’ Association: In 1887 the American Railway Master Mechanics’ As- sociation had a discussion in regard to the proper weight to put on wheels, and it was decided that about 12,000 Ib. ought to be the limit. Now we are putting on 28.000 Ib. In some cases 30,000 Ib. is not an extreme case for a high capacity car. By loading cast-iron and steel wheels on the rail from 500 Ib. to 150,000 Ib. I found that at 20,000 lb., with the ordinary steel rail of 0.55 per cent. carbon, there was a spot left in the rail, that is, a de- pression you could see. That was checked off not only by the wheel and rail in ordinary conditions, but by a wheel and rail that had been polished to smoothness, and the same thing occurred at about the same figures, be- tween 19,000 and 20,000 Ib. On the other hand, at 150,- 000 Ib., I could find no effect on the wheel, either cCast- iron or steel. I started out to smash the cast iron wheel and failed. I could not do it by simply loading it ver- tically on the rail. I have diagrams which show that after the weight has gotten up to about 37,000 Ib. it begins to break down the rail very rapidly under the cast iron September 5, 1907 The Improved Lo-Swing Lathe. Since the Lo-Swing lathe, built by the Fitchburg Ma- chine Works, Fitchburg, Mass., was described in its orig- inal commercial form in The Iron Age of November 2, 1905, a number of important improvements have been made on it by the designer, James Hartness of the Jones & Lamson Machine Company, Springfield, Vt. These changes have come about in the natural evolution of this relatively new type of machine tool and in its improved form, as illustrated in Fig. 1 herewith, quite an appre- ciable advance has been made. The characteristic feat- ures as before are low swing, simplicity of design, and rigidity of tool support. Two heavy 15-in. carriages have been substituted for the four 5-in. carriages, but instead of reducing the number of tools that can be worked simultaneously in removing stock and finishing the work, the number is increased, as each of the two carriages can now carry more than one tool, which was before impos- sible. The other most important change is the placing of the oiling system beneath the work instead of overhead. This lathe is a single purpose machine, that is, it is built for a limited class of work, the turning of shafts, pins, studs, long forgings, &c., not over 3% in. in diam- eter and 84 in. long, and with any number of diameters and shoulders. The machine previously described was 60 in. between centers. Range is intentionally sacrificed Fig. 1.—The Recently Improved Type of Lo-Swing Lathe, Built by the Fitchburg Machine Works, Fitchburg, Mass. wheel; in other words, that the whole of the compression or depression is in the rail as between the two metals, and the cast iron wheel does not partake of this at all, so that the rail has to take the whole strain, and that this excessive load put on the rail breaks down the metal and causes it to give way and the size of the spot to grow. It grows very much more with cast iron than it does with steel wheels, simply because the cast iron wheel does not take up part of that compression itself. In the very valuable experiments of Professor Goss, two years ago, he gave the strength of the flange of a east iron wheel as ranging from 40,000 to about 90,006 Ib., with an average of 70,000 Ib., though in my own work 1 did not obtain one wheel that broke at 116,000 lb. That is to say, that is the pressure that was required to break the flange directly back off from the wheel. On a solid steel wheel the pressure required was 556,000 Ib., so that so far as the strength and wearing qualities are con- cerned they stand fully on a par with the steel tire. ———_>-@____—_ The American Multigraph Sales Company, Cleveland, Ohio, the selling organization of the American Multigraph Company, maker of the Gammeter multigraph, held its first annual convention of branch managers and district sales superintendents at the Colonial Hotel, Cleveland, in the week of August 19. Subjects pertaining to all branches of the business were brought up for discussion. The branch managers reported that the outlook for busi- ness was never brighter. to output capacity in this machine as compared with the standard engine lathe, th