The Iron Age 1907-03-28: Vol 79 Iss 13

THE IRON AGE Published every Thursday Moraing by David Williams Co. 14-16 Park Place New York. Vol. 79: No. 13. New York, Thursday, March 28, 1907. S20. Sexe s'eang Postage. Reading Matter Contents Alphabetical Index to Advertisers ‘‘ Classified List of Advertisers ” Advertising and Subsoription Rates “ M'f'd by Forster Pulley Works, Cuba.N.Y. , Ti! P SHOT SHELLS | Arrow and Nitro Club brands were The American Mis HY Hy carried by the thousands to the game ; HN fields last fall. Their popularity and the Ropes and Twines my) | partiality of shooters for them is not ac- s ; ‘ : cidental. True merit in manufacture, 65 Wall Street, New York from primer to crimp, has won such a con- fidence in the U. M C. trade-mark that re it means A PREFERENCE. Bristol’s Patent Steel Belt Lacing| |) | See eee SAVES } UO. M. C. Shelis give satisfaction. Time, Belts, Money. Carry a good stock. Greatest Strength ; 7 . ia Bey aye 0. The Union Metallic Cartridge Co., aeadtve -€ Bridgeport, Conn. READY TO APPLY © FINISHED JOwT Samples. 3 Agency, 313 Broadwny, New York City. THE BRISTOL CO., Waterbury, Conn. New York: 114 Liberty St. Chicago 753 Monadnock Bldg. SAMeAN cDAT raun WATER TUBE Gfe Babcock @ Wilcox Co. SAMSON SPOT CORD WATER TUBE O6/4e Babcock @ Wilcox Co. BOILERS. e.. page 57°) HBS Street Also Massachusetts and Phoenix Brands SAMSON CORDAGE WORKS, Boston, wass.||| Horseshoers! Horse Owners! Hardware Dealers! TORNBUCKLES You can—each and all—derive many and great BENEFITS by ——— a SPECIFYING Branch Office, 11 Broadway. New York. ceraund on Foreand once. - corsune.0|l] “* Canewell’’ Horseshoe Nails TURN BU CBR LBs. MERRILL BROS., Horseshoers find them the éestto drive. Horse Owners find them the safest to use. a 465 to 471 Kent Ave Hardware Dealers find themjthe easiest to sell. Brooklyn, E.D., N.Y ALL THREE CLASSES} find ‘*Capewell’’ nails the MOST PROFIT- et ee et ee a te ee ABLE AND BEST ADAPTED TO THEIR PECULIAR NEEDS BESSEMER PIG Made by Girard Building, Phila. PILLING & GRANE wssiencncs.esi«./1 The Capewell Horse Nail Co., “"wsi"™ HOW IS JENKINS BROS. VALVES ROOFING TIN do not require constant regrinding. When necessary to repair, a new Disc will usually make the valve as good as new. /enkins Discs are inexpensive, and can be readily applied by any one without taking valve from the pipe. MADE ? All parts interchangeable. Write for booklet. All genuine bear Trade Mark as shown in cut.® Our Booklet ‘‘ From Underfoot to JENKINS BROS., New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago. Overhead’’ describes the process wy. Sito me A” Gd RU See, Taming Lamping THE AMERICAN TUBE & STAMPING COMP =. 21 (Water and Rail Delivery) Brrpexzrort, Com». Sec 4 MAGNOLIA METAL. Wf f: Best Anti-Friction Metal for all Machinery Bearing. AMERICAN NW s ‘: PaceSimile of Bar. SHEET & TIN PLATE AY imitations. CQMPANY’S “Se MAGHOLIA METAL CO. Owners and Sole Manufacturers. 113-116 Bank Street, [2 op Fano, 5 > Bangneas om ont Paeee Ad. on Page 16 Chicago, Fischer Bidg (NEW YORK. Metals at competitive prices. UR BOOKS are filled with the orders of discriminating buyers— buyers who insist on hav- ing the VERY BEST GRADE of TIN PLATE and SHEET STEEL obtainable They know the ‘Superior Quality of our product. Hammered Open Hearth Stee /'s what we use. FOLLANSBEE BROS. C0., PITTSBURGH COPPER * AGE Pe BRASS. THE IRON The Plume & Atwood Mfg. Co. MANUFACTURERS OF “we “| Sheet ana RollBrass WIRE GERMAN |=". SILVER | WIRE LOW BRASS, SHEET BRONZE, SEAMLESS BRASS AND COPPER TUBING, BRAZED BRASS AND ‘ THOMASTON, CONN. BRONZE TUBING : : : : WATERBURY BRASS C0., WATERBURY, CONN. 99 John St., New York. Providence, R. I. Bridgeport Deoxidized Bronze & Metal Co. BRIDGEPORT, CONN. Phosphor and Deoxidized Bronze Composition, Yellow Brass and Alumi- num Castings, large and small Matthiessen & Hegeler Zinc Co., LA SALLE, ILLINOIS. SMELTERS OF SPELTER AND MANUPACTUBERS OP SHEET ZINC AND SULPHURIC ACID. Special Sizes of Zinc cut to order. Rolled Battery Plates. Selected Plates for Etchers’ and Lithographers’ use. Selected Sheets for Paper and Card Makers’ use. Stove and Washboard Blanks. ZINCS FOR LECLANCHE BATTERY. WAS ines PE Rab 105 -109 So.Jefferson St., Chicago. Best Bronze, Babbitt Metals, Brass and Aluminum CASTINGS GERMAN SILVER The Seymour Mfg. On Shore Notrtee NICKEL ANODES BRASS, BRONZE, and GOPPER Co., - = Seymour, Conn. HENDRICKS BROTHERS PROPRIETORS OF THE Belleville Copper Rolling Mills, MANUFACTURERS OF Braziers’ Bolt and Sheathing COPPER, SOSOoPrPrvwhHbR wiRt AND RIV HBTs, Importers and Dealers in Ingot Copper, Block Tin, Spelter, Lead, Antimony, etc.| 49 CLIFF ST., NEW YORK. WIRE Printers’ Brass, Jewelers’ Metal, German Silver and Gilding Metal, Copper Rivets and Burrs. - - - Pins, Brass Butt Hinges, Jack Chain, Kerosene Burners, Lamps, Lamp Trimmings, &c. 279 Broadway, NEW YORK. Room 508 Heyworth Building, East Madi- son St., CHICAGO, ILL. Rolling Mill: Factories : WATERBURY, CONN. SCOVILL MFG. CO. MANUFACTURERS OF BRASS, GERMAN SILVER, Sheets, Rolis, Wire enna Bolts and Tube Brass Shells, Cups, Hinges, Buttons, Lamp Goods. Special Brass Goods to Order. FaCPORIES : WATERBURY, CONN. Depots NEW YORK. CHICAGO. BOSTON. fenry Souther Engineering G0 HARTFORD, GONN, Consulting Chemists, Metallurgists and Analysts. Complete Physical Testing Laboratory Expert Testimony in Court and Patent Arthur T. puter 860 256 Broadway NEW YORK Small tubing in Brass, Copper, Steel, Aluminum, German Silver, &c. Sheet Brass, Copper and Ger- man Silver. Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire. Brazed and Seamless Brass and Copper Tube. Copper and Brass Rod. WIRE. “IT’S TOUGH.” TROLLEY, TELEPHONE TELEGRAPH LINES. BRIDGEPORT BRASS COMPANY, Postal Telegraph Bidg. Broadway and Murray 8t., New York. PHOSPHOR-BRONZE GERMAN SILVER THE RIVERSIDE METAL CO. RIVERSIDE, W.). Milis ridgeport THE IRON AGE New York, Thursday, March 28, 1907. New Owen Milling Machines. Two new sizes of plain milling machines, known as Nos. 2-B and 3-B, respectively, have recently been put on the market by the Owen Machine Tool Company,. Spring- field, Ohio. The illustration herewith is of the 3-B ma- chine, which differs from the 2-B very slightly, except in its dimensions and the range of work it is adapted to handle. Both machines are provided with 32 changes of feed, any of which may be obtained with impunity while the machine is in motion. The table has double bearing surfaces, which allow it to work freely, even when it is at either extreme of its travel, and also The 3-B machine is provided with double back gears in the drive, giving ratios of 3 to 1 and 10 to 1, respec- tively. In all 18 changes of speed are possible. A single back gear on the No. 2 machine, having a ratio of 6 to 1, gives that machine eight changes of speed. The overhanging arm is of solid: steel, and the arbor sup- ports are equipped with bronze bushes. The arbors on both machines are of forged crucible steel and are 1 In. in diameter, that on the 3-B being 14 in. long and on the 2-B 11 in. long from the shoulder to the nut. The No. 3-B plain milling machine, the one illus- trated, has a longitudinal movement of 88 in., traverse movement of 11 in. and vertical movement of 20% in. The No. 3-B Plain Milling Machine Built by the Owen Machine Teo! Company, Springfield, Ohio. assist in maintaining perfect alignment. Steel gears are used throughout the machines. These are, in brief, the features of the machines on which special emphasis is laid. The feeds are positive gear driven and are automatic. All of the changes are in easy reach of the operator. The spindle is of crucible steel, and runs in phosphor bronze boxes. The front end is threaded, and means are provided in the bearings to compensate for wear. The table has three T-slots %-in. wide and is adapted to hold a vise of swivel pattern having a graduated base, so that it can be set quickly at any angle. A No. 3 vise is used on the 3-B machine, which has jaws 7% in. wide, 1% in. deep and opens to a width of 45% in. The No. 2 vise used on the 2-B machine has jaws 6% in. wide, 1% in. deep and opens to 3% In. ¢ The table is 12% x 56 in. and has a working surface of the same width, 50 in. long. The overhanging arm is 4% in. in diameter. The diametrical swing around the spindle center is 1544 in., and the spindle has a No. 11 B. & S. taper hole, with an 11-16-in. hole through. The 32 changes of speed range from 0.003 to 0.3 in. per revo- lution of the spindle. The machine occupies a floor space of 97 in. in line with the spindle by 104 in. transversely thereto, when permitting the extreme limits of the table movement, and weighs complete 4300 Ib. The No. 2-B plain milling machine has the following dimensions: longitudinal movement, 28 in.; transverse movement, 714 in.; vertical movement, 19% in.; the table is 444% x 10 in., and has a working surface of the same width, 41% in. long; the overhanging arm is 4 in. in diameter, and the spindle has a diametrical swing of 12% a ae OEE in 964 THE IRON AGE in. ; the hole in the spindle is 11-16 in., and the taper hole at the end is adapted for a No. 10 B. & S. arbor. The 32 changes of speed range from 0.003 to 0.225 in. per revolu- tion of the spindle. The machine occupies a floor space of 79% by 86 in., allowing the extreme movements of the table, and weighs 2850 Ib. ———_——_- >>> --—- The Herrick Gas Generator. The Herrick producer, built by the Industrial Gas Company, New York, and designed by its chief. engineer, James A. Herrick, like other producers of the best types, is cylindrical in shape and extends into a water seal con- tained in a concrete pan. When in operation a bed of ~ March 28, 1907 on the injector principle and introduces the necessary amount of air and steam for making the gas. The air and steam, thoroughly mixed, pass through the slots in the sides and ends of the tuyeres and are evenly and thoroughly distributed over the entire generating area of the producer. The center blower formerly used in the Herrick producers was less effective, because the bulk of the air and steam reached only the central portion of the fuel column and the full capacity of the generator was not obtained. The tuyeres in .this later producer are so effective as to give it certain advantages over the generators em- ploying center mushroom blowers or inclined grates. For example, when. using run of mine bituminuos coal, center blower generators gasify from 10 to 12 Ib. of coal per The Herrick Gas Generator, with Water Seal and Patented Tuyeres and Brick Studded Top. coal rests upon a bed of ashes and the downward progress of the burning fuel is not obstructed by a grate or other device, but the fuel is lowered uniformly by the removal] of the ashes from below through the water seal. The distinctive and exclusive features of the Herrick pro- ducer are the tuyeres, or devices through which the air and steam are ihtroduced into the fuel column, and the brick studded generator top. Especially good results are claimed to be secured by the tuyeres. These are cast iron boxes and, as may be seen in the illustration, project through the steel shell and brick lining of the lower part of the generator into the ashes. The parts of these boxes extending into the generator are entirely open at the bottom and also have a number of slots in the sides and ends. The slots, it will be observed, do not extend clear to the brickwork of the producer, which prevents currents from passing up along the sides. Each tuyere is equipped with a steam jet blower attached to the outer end, which acts square foot of generating area, requiring a steam. pres- sure ranging from 25 to 80 lb., and it is stated they cannot be successfully operated with a pressure less than 25 lb. The Herrick generator, it is claimed, gasifies 18 to 20 lb. of coal per square foot of generating area with a steam pressure of from 15 to 20 Ib., and gasifies as high as 25 or 26 Ib, of coal per square foot of generating area with 30 lb, steam pressure, while the generator may be and often is operated successfully with as low as 1 lb. of steam pressure. Frequently at the end of a run, when only a small amount of heavy gas is required, the generator is operated without any steam pressure, simply by the draft induced by the furnace stack. The normal capacity of the Herrick generator is declared to be fully 80 per cent. greater than that of any other type, and this is due entirely to the tuyeres. Another striking assertion is that the Herrick gen- erator will operate satisfactorily and continuously on low grade slack coals which clog and stop other pro- cnn yearn ES Bere Pk ka hn , : 5 ; i f ducers in a few hours, and will gasify 20 per cent. more slack coal than can be gasified from run of mine coal by the best center blower generators. The capacities stated above are based not upon strained or poor conditions, but upon the production of gas of the best quality, with the following average analysis from the general run of bituminous slack coals and with the generator in charge of common labor: oR ee ae ares ee i a esha wee SL UNA Chis Ca ka weiss Siew a Bai leo e'e a's ala ve CRG OSS EEE PE ET ee ee eS ee eee ee 0.035 ee ht ee eee Oe kd ww dala neos o weeCale ee Ses each da eekkscacakie ceeuene ve pudew ae re bia hb disks Weasel Ck hoe eee baseband eenee 1.00 There is also approximately 5 per cent. by weight of tar and soot in suspension, which does not show in an analysis. The top of the generator is made of heavy cast iron, filled as thickly as possible with fire brick. The bricks are cast into the iron, which is poured about them When the producer is first operated a deposit of carbon, in the form of a hard coke or graphite, accumulates be tween the lower ends of the bricks where they project below the iron. When these spaces have been filled so that the under side of the top presents a smooth surface no further deposit is made. This deposit bakes hard and makes a practically unbreakable top, which is also heat proof. These tops are more expensive than water cooled tops, but are considered very much more satis- factory, as they are not likely to break and they further provide a dry as well as a cool operating floor for the men in charge of the generator. Another feature of the Herrick top is the provision for expansion and contrac- tion. The top is made of four quadrants bolted together, which provide for expansion and contraction without strain on the metal. In this way the likelihood of cracks or breaks is practically eliminated, and the durability of the body greatly increased. The poke hole cover is a heavy hinged casting, fitted tight and opened by a foot lever. These poke holes are located near the edge of the inner wall, so that the oper- ator can use his poker to scrape the inner surface of the generator and remove the clinkers if any become attached. On account of this convenient arrangement and the fact that very few clinkers are formed, less labor is required for the operation. One man can easily care for two or three generators. Herrick generators for raw bituminots producer gas and also for anthracite producer gas in sizes above 5 ft. 6 in. inside diameter are built as has been described. Below that size shaking grates and tight bottoms are used. The following table gives the sizes in which the generator illustrated is built and the hourly capacity with different grades of coal: Pounds gasified per hour.——-——,, r—Size in feet.——, -— Diameter Outside inside Slack at Run of Mine, Run of mine, diameter. -brick. 15-20 |b. steam. 15-20 Ib. steam. 25-30 Ib. steam. 7% 6 325 500 700 Sy 7 450 700 1,000 10 8 600 900 1,300 12 10 800 1,200 1,500 The distinctive advantages of the Herrick producer, as has been said, are due to the tuyeres, the design and use of which are covered by basic patents. It is possible to change over other producers at small expense so as to use these tuyeres, and the company is prepared to furnish tuyeres and designs for their adoption in connec- tion with all standard makes of producers. ———~-o—___ The American Stee) Package Company, Defiance, Ohio, is manufacturing sheet stee) cases for handling bottles. The company is said to be the only manufacturer of this class of goods. A new industry has thus developed in re- placing wooden articles with steel. The company is dis- tributing circulars illustrating an entire train load of steel bottle cases recently dispatched to a single customer. This is claimed to be the largest single shipment of bottle cases, either wood or steel, ever made. In 1903 the com- pany made its first shipment, consisting of 25 cases, and this train load comprised 30,000 cases. March 28, 1907 THE IRON AGE 965 The Cable System in Telephone Line Con- struction. The annual report of the American Telephone & Tele- graph Company contains the following interesting para- graphs on progress and development in the telephone busi- hess = The improvement in cables within the past few years has revolutionized the art of telephone line construction. Not only is it now possible to place in underground ducts cables containing 400 or even 600 circuits, but a pole line, the carrying capacity of which would have been exhausted by 40 pairs of open wires, can carry 600 pairs of wires in the form of cables. The old fashioned exchange pole line rarely carried more than 20 pairs of open wires. Sound economy has many times in the past year required the scraping of all the wires on a pole line, cable being substituted for them as the only way of securing the en- largement of facilities required, and not unfrequently has it been necessary to reconstruct the whole line as the cheapest way of securing the opportunity for growth that was required. If the very great development of the business could have been foreseen, and the engineers and manufacturers had at an early date solved the cable problem so that cables of large capacity could have been originally in- stalled, instead of open wire, in places where a large number of circuits would ultimately be required, much money would have been saved. Now that it is certain that the business will develop on lines of reasonable profit to an extent much greater than even the most enthusiastic telephone man ventured to expect a few years ago, it wou!d be the hight of folly not to anticipate the certain extension of the business by providing facilities for growth when they can be most economically installed. The great extent to which the telephone business was sure to develop became apparent about the year 1901, when the number of new subscribers increased nearly 220,000, as compared with about 167,000, the largest in- crease in any prior year. The large increases in the num- ber of subscribers through 1905, which was attended by an equally large increase in toll service, practically ex- hausted the plant of the Bell Companies and involved re- building that plant to a large extent. The year 1906 has seen additions to construction which not only enabled the companies to take care of the 2,241,367 subscribers connected with the system on January 1, 1906, and the nearly 500,000 added during the year, but which resulted in plant conditions which ‘will enable future growth to be taken care of with economy. Constant additions will have to be made to the plant, but they will largely be on predetermined lines, utilizing, extending and rounding out the systematic plant conditions that now exist. ———>--oe___—_—- The Board of Trustees of the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N. Y., voted, at a recent meeting, to estab- lish courses in mechanical and electrical engineering. This institution, which was the first where purely tech- nical instruction was given in the English language, was founded in 1826, and since that time has maintained a high rank as a schoo] in civil engineering. The question of broadening the scope has been under discussion for some time, and recently means have been acquired through Mrs. Russell Sage, so that it will be possible to give these courses and maintain the high standard which has been set for many years in the school for civil engi- neering. Several new buildings and much new equipment have been added to the course in civil engineering re- cently. The course in metallurgy has been strengthened, and Enrique Touceda, Albany, N. Y., has been elected pro- fessor of metallurgy. The eight new hot mills which the American Sheet & Tin Plate Company is adding to its Vandergrift Works will be ready for operation between April 15 and May 1, and will give the plant a total of 37 hot mills, making it by far the largest works in the country devoted to the . manufacture of black and galvanized sheets. ‘| ‘ ed i 966 Iron and Steel Nomenclature. Definitions Designed to Secure Uniformity. The report of the Committee on the Uniform Nomen- clature of Iron and Steel presented at the Brussels Congress of the International Association for Testing Materials, September 3-9, 1906, is to be submitted to the Iron and Steel Institute and kindred organizations for their indorsement. After adopting it the Brussels Con- gress asked the committee to continue its work, with a view to securing the foreign equivalents of the terms defined in English in its report. This latter labor the committee has prosecuted to some extent, and its report is accompanied by a chart giving a polygot in English, French, German, Swedish, Danish and Dutch, of various terms applying to pig irons, steels and wrought iron and the apparatus in which they are made. Prof. Henry M. Howe, Columbia University, New York, is chairman of the committee, and Albert Sauveur, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., secretary. A third American member of the committee is H. H. Campbell, Steelton, Pa. The metallurgical definitions as presented by the committee are given below, also a few definitions of special sizes or shapes of iron and steel, and a suggestion as to the line of demarcation between iron and steel: Definitions. Alloy Cast Irons.—Those which owe their properties chiefly to the presence of an element (or elements) other than carbon. Alloy Steels—Those which owe their properties chiefly to the presence of an element (or elements) other than carbon. Basic Pig Iron—In America, pig iron containing so little silicon and sulphur that it is suited for easy con- version into steel by the basic open-hearth process. It is restricted to pig iron containing not more than 1.00 per cent. of silicon. Bessemer Pig Iron.—That which contains so little phosphorus and sulphur that it can be used by itself for conversion into steel by the original or acid Bessemer process. In America this term is restricted to pig iron containing not more than 0.10 per cent. of phosphorus. Bessemer Steel.—Steel made by the Bessemer process, whether its carbon content is high, low or intermediate. Blister Steel.—Steel made by carburizing wrought iron by heating it in contact with carbonaceous matter. It might also be made by so carburizing a low-carbon steel. Cast Iron.—Generically, iron containing so much carbon or its equivalent that it is not malleable at any temperature. Specifically, cast iron in the form of cast- ings other than pigs, or remelted cast iron suitable for easting into such castings, as distinguished from pig iron.—i. e., cast iron in pigs, etc. For instance, cast iron pigs—i. e., pig iron, like lead in pigs, i. e., pig lead—is remelted and cast into castings, such as columns, locks, gears, etc., of special shape suited to their special purpose; these are specifically called “cast iron,” and this is the usual restricted meaning of “cast iron” in trade language. The committee recommends drawing the line between cast iron and steel at 2.20 per cent. carbon for the reason that this appears from the results of Car- penter and Keeling to be the critical percentage of carbon corresponding to the point “a” in the diagrams of Roberts-Austen and Roozeboom. As to the signification of this critical point the committee is not prepared to ex- press an opinion. Prof. Wedding reported that in Ger- many every metallic product of the blast furnace is called pig iron or cast iron, and appeared to dissent from draw- ing any line between cast iron and steel. Mr. Brinell thought 2.20 per cent. of carbon a rather high limit for practical purposes. Cast Steel.—The same as crucible steel. Obsolescent. and to be avoided because confusing and because a temp- tation to fraud. Cemented Steel.—The same as blister steel. Charcoal Hearth Cast Iron.—Cast iron which has had its silicon and usually its phosphorus removed in the THE IRON AGE March 28, 1907 charcoal hearth, but still contains so much carbon as to be distinctly cast iron. Converted Steel.—The same as blister steel. Crucible Steel.—Steel made by the crucible process, whether its carbon content is high, low or intermediate. Gray Pig Iron and Gray Cast Iron.—Pig iron and cast iron in the fracture of which the iron itself is nearly or quite concealed by graphite, so that the fracture has the gray color of graphite. Hematite Pig Iron.—Originally pig iron made from the hematite ores of England, which happen to be so free from phosphorus and sulphur that the pig iron made from them can be used by itself for the acid Bessemer process. By association it has come to mean any pig iron thus relatively free from prosphorus and sulphur. The term is not used in America and is undesirable. Hot Metal or Direct Metal.—The molten cast iron from the blast furnace before it has been allowed to solidify. Ingot Iron.—Steel cast into an initially malleable mass and containing so little carbon or its equivalent that it does not harden greatly on sudden cooling. The word is rarely used in English, “ mild steel” or “ low carbon steel” or “soft steel” being generally used in its place. In America the line between soft steel and half-hard steel is usually drawn at a carbon content of about 0.20 per cent. Ingot Steel.—Steel cast into an initially malleable mass and containing so much carbon or its equivalent that it hardens greatly on sudden cooling. The word is rarely used in English, but “hard steel,” “high carbon steel” or “ half-hard steel” are used in its place. Malleable Castings.—Castings of malleable cast iron, which see. Malleable Cast Iron.—Iron which when first made is cast in the condition of cast iron, and is made malleable by subsequent treatment without fusion. Although the English name of this variety suggests that it is cast iron, it is not truly a variety of cast iron, but rather forms an independent species of iron, because it lacks the essential] property of cast iron, viz., its extreme brittleness. Though the term “ malleable castings” is very common, the term “malleable cast iron” is very rarely used. The common but inexcusable term, we regret to say, is “ mall- eable,” pronounced “mallable,” used as a _ substantive. Those with some respect for their mother tongue, if asked of what material a malleable casting was composed, would generally use a circumlocution. Malleable Iron.—The same as wrought iron. Used in Great Britain, but not in the United States, except carelessly as meaning “malleable cast iron” (vulgar “ malleable ’’). Malleable Pig Iron.—An American trade name for the pig iron suitable for converting into malleable castings through the process of melting, treating when molten, casting in a brittle state, and then making malleable with- out remelting. The term should be used with care to avoid confusion. This material is also called in trade in America “ malleable iron,” but this use should be avoided, because “maleable iron” has the older and (in Great Britain) firmly established meaning of “ wrought fron.” Mottled Pig Iron and Mottled Cast Iron.—Pig iron and cast iron the structure of which is mottled, with white parts in which no graphite is seen, and gray parts in which graphite is seen. : Open Hearth Steel.—Steel made by the open hearth process, whether its carbon content is high, low or inter- mediate. Pig Iron.—Cast iron which has been cast into pigs direct from the blast furnace. This name is also applied to molten cast iron which is about to be so cast into pigs or is in a condition in which it could readily be cast into pigs. ‘ Plate Iron.—A name applied in Great Britain to re- fined cast iron. Puddled Iron—Wrought iron made by the puddling process. Puddled Steel.—Steel made by the puddling process, and necessarily slag-bearing. (See Weld steel.) Refined Cast Iron.—Cast iron which has had most of March 28, 1907 its silicon removed in the refinery furnace, but still con- teins so much carbon as to be distinctly cast iron. Shear Steel.—Steel, usually in the form of bars, made from blister steel by shearing it into short lengths, piling, and welding these by rolling or hammering them at a welding heat. If this process of shearing, piling, etc., is repeated, the product is called “ double shear steel.” Steel—tIron which is malleable at least in some one range of temperature, and in addition is either (a) cast into an initially malleable mass; or, (b) is capable of hardening greatly by sudden cooling; or, (c) is both so cast and so capable of hardening. Variety (a) includes also molten iron which if cast would be malleable, as do its two sub-varieties, “ ingot-iron” and “ingot steel.” (Tungsten steel is malleable only when red hot.) Steel Cast (adjective).—Consisting of solid Bessemer, open hearth, crucible or other slagless steel, and neither forged nor rolled; applied to steel castings. For instance, a “steel cast” gun is a gun which is a steel casting— i, e., which has been neither forged nor rolled. To call it a “cast steel” gun would imply that it was made of crucible steel, to which the term “cast steel” is re- stricted. Steel Castings.—Unforged and unrolled castings made of Bessemer, open hearth, crucible or any other steel. Ingots and pigs are in a sense castings. The term “steel castings” is used in a more restricted sense, excluding ingots and pigs and including only specially shaped cast- ings, such a8 are generally used without forging or rolling. They may, however, later be forged—e. g., under the drop press—when they cease to be “castings” and become “drop forgings,” of if only part is forged then they are partly forgings and partly castings. Washed Metal.—Cast iron from which most of the silicon and phosphous have been removed by the Bell- Krupp process without removing much of the carbon, so that it still contains enough carbon to be classed as cast iron. The name “washed metal” is extended to cover this product even if its carbon is somewhat below the proper limit for cast iron. Weld Iron.—The same as wrought iron. and needless. Weld Steel.—Iron containing sufficient carbon to be capable of hardening greatly by sudden cooling, and in addition slag-bearing because made by welding together pasty particles of metal in a bath of slag, as in puddling, and not later freed from that slag by melting. The term is rarely used. White Pig Iron and White Cast Iron.—Pig iron and east iron in the fracture of which little or no graphite is visible, so that their fracture is silvery and white. Wrought Iron.—Slag-bearing, malleable iron, which does not harden materially when suddenly cooled. Wrought Steel—The same as weld steel. used. Obsolescent Rarely Special Sizes or Shapes of Iron and Steel, Bar Iron.—Wrought iron in the form of bars, rods, etc. Muck Bar.—The wrought bars usually 1 in. thick and about 4 in. wide, made by the first rolling of a ball of puddled iron. Merchant Bar.—Wrought iron in the form of mer- chantable bars or rods made by shearing muck bar into short lengths, piling it and rolling or forging it at a welding heat. Bloom.—1. A large bar, drawn from an ingot or simi- lar mass, for further manufacture. 2. A rough bar of wrought iron drawn from a Catalan or bloomary ball for further manufacture. Billet.—A small bar drawn from a pile, bloom or in- got for further manufacture. The committee recommends that the line between blooms and billets be drawn at the size of 5 in. square, as representing common custom. Slab.—A flat piece or plate, with its largest surfaces plane drawn or sheared from an ingot or like mass for further treatment. The Boundary Between Steel and Iron, It would be well to decide on a definite carbon-content to serve as a boundary line between ingot iron and ingot steel, between puddled iron and puddled steel, and be- tween any other varieties of wrought iron and weld steel, THE IRON AGE 967 Two plans have been considered. One is to draw this line at 0.32 per cent. carbon or its equivalent in other ele- ments, for the reason that this carbon content appears to correspond to the critical point O in the diagrams of Roberts-Austen and Roozeboom. This has the merit of corresponding to a definite physical boundary. Mr. Pourcel would classify solely according to the presence or absence of slag, so that “steel” should include all forms ot iron freed from slag by fusion and cast in a malleable condition, and “ wrought iron” should include all classes produced in a pasty condition. He does not think that any cross classification according to the proportion of carbon is expedient. The other plan is to draw the boundary at 0.20 per cent. of carbon, because this is a convenient place to separate the important classes “soft steel” and “half hard steel” so that if this point were adopted “ ingot iron” would be synonymous with “ soft steel,” and “ ingot steel” would be the equivalent of the two classes “ half- hard steel” and “hard steel.” ———_s>-e___— The Otis Elevator Company’s Report. The Otis Elevator Company’s report for the year end- ing December 31, 1906, shows a slight decrease in net earnings as compared with the previous year. Omitting cents, the income account compares as follows, deductions having, of course, been made for fixed charges, renewals and repairs: 1906. 1905. Decrease. ee $855,167 $912,938° $57,771 Preferred dividends (5%).. 347,791 339,697 8,094 POE aaekeciveduades $507,376 $573,241 $65,865 Common dividends (3%)... 191,259 +127,006 *64,253 DOR. ce stividieciods $316,117 $446,235 $130,118 SUERTE Sct ccaseeees 216,117 246,235 30,118 NR Be coat $100,000 $200,000 $100,000 Previous surplus.......... 1,600,000 1,400,000 *200,000 Total surplus......... $1,700,000 $1,600,000 *$100,000 * Increase. + 2%. The accompanying statement by President W. D. Bald- win is as follows: “There has been expended for the purchase of real estate, new buildings, equipment (exclusive of repairs and maintenance of plants) and acquisition of outstand- ing stock of subsidiary companies, the sum of $1,214,420; of which sum $1,020,420.47 has been paid in cash, and the remainder in stock from the company’s treasury. These expenditures have called for large cash disbursements, in addition to the increased requirements (working cap- ital) for carrying to completion the company’s contracts. The capacity and condition of the company’s plants are to-day such as to not only justify the large expenditures made in the past, but also the expectation that the pres- ent shops will be able to take care of the larger volume of business anticipated this year, and to much greater ad- vantage than heretofore, both in the line of prompt de- liveries and reduced cost of production. “The increased prices paid for labor and materials, together with the increased cost of operation, due to effecting changes and improvements in the plant, and the volume of business done in certain grades of work have tended to reduce the margin of profit over previous years. In following out the policy since the organization of the company, as heretofore, the directors have made liberal reductions for possible depreciation of raw ma- terial and finished stock on hand, maintenance of plants, cost of improvements, equipment, &c. “ During the year it was deemed advisable to organize Otis Elevator companies of Illinois, Pennsylvania, Mis- souri and Texas, to conduct the business formerly carried on by your company in their respective territories, and the statements herewith submitted include the results of the operations of those companies.” —————_—__<9--e__—_ The John H. McGowan Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, manufacturer of pumps, air compressors, &c., has opened an office in room 723 Bessemer Building, Pittsburgh, in charge of H. J. Koontz. 968 The E. J. Manville Company’s Screw Slotter. A number of important improvements have been made to the automatic cross feed screw slotting machine built by the E. J. Manville Machine Company, Waterbury, Conn. The two views of opposite sides of the machine give a general idea of the changes. The dial mechanism has been altered to afford a greater capacity, a comb at- tachment has been added to the feeding mechanism to insure that every screw reaches its dial die in correct position, and various other refinements of mechanism and general design have been made to improve the efficiency of the machine. The carrying dial D is now furnished with six instead of four removable dies to take the work, feed it to the saw and hold it while the slotting operation is performed. Each die has three notches, which may be of different sizes to take several classes of work. After each one- sixth turn of the dial the saw drops rapidly until it THE IRON AGE March 28, 1907 through much or little space, according as the head to be slotted is thick or thin, giving all possible time to the sawing. The dial is driven by friction gearing, so ar- ranged that the tension is self-adjusting, and making it impossible for harm to come to the machine should a blank get caught and prevent the rotation of the dial. Another change is in the disposal of finished work. After a screw has been slotted it is held in its die by a guard until it has passed to a point at the rear, where it is released to fall into a pan. In this way the screws are separated cleanly from chips and oil. The comb device C, referred to before, is important in this type of machine in making certain the position of a screw as it reaches its die of the carrying dial. The screws are fed to the tracks, down which they slide by gravity to the dies, by the usual blade elevating device in the hopper. It occasionally happens with all kinds of screws and frequently with some shapes that blanks reach the track in other than the proper position— Two Views of the Improved Automatic Feed Screw Slotting Machine Built by the E. J. Manville Company, Waterbury, Conn. touches the screw head and then moves slowly to the required depth. While the slot in the screw head is being cut the screw is gripped by an adjustable clamping mechanism and a retaining device holds the dial at rest, and then releases it during the movement to the next die. The saw is carried to and from the work by the rotation of a shaft, B, supported in eccentric bearings, upon which is mounted the saw carrying frame A, the ar- rangement being such that the median plane of the saw is always coincident with the axis of the screw. The depth of the cut is regulated and variation in diameter of saws used is compensated for by lengthening or short- ening the link which connects the saw carrying frame A with the saw feed cam on the gear driven shaft F, ex- tending through the enlarged part of the base at the top of the pedestal. In an arm of the saw carrying frame are three holes to take the link pin. By moving the pin from one hole to another the are through which the saw can move is varied. A turnbuckle, E, in the link determines the maximum depth of the saw slot in the work. Thus in connection with the cam movement a valuable feature is provided, that of slow milling that is, with the head resting squarely on the track and the shank hanging downward. Should a screw out of position reach a die it might cause mischief, though with this machine nothing more serious could result than a stopping of the feed, since the friction gearing acts as a safeguard. The comb consists of a sheet steel part held by an arm and having an opening in the form of the head of the screw which is being slotted, so that a blank properly placed on the track passes through with- out interference, but a blank out of position is caught, swept back and dropped into the hopper. The comb moves backward and forward along the track sim- ultaneously with the rise and fall of the elevating blade of the hopper, the motion of the two being given by the same crankshaft at the base of the machine. A comb cau be quickly replaced.when another form of screw is to be slotted. The handle G, on the left side of the machine, extend- ing to the front, operates a clutch which disengages the main driving pulley and stops all of the operating move- ments, but allows the saw and pump to continue to revolve. March 28, 1907 The Fay & Scott Improved Extension Gap Lathe A new improved 24 to 46 in. extension gap engine lathe, equipped with motor drive, and built by Fay & Scott, Dexter, Maine, to accord with Government speci- fications, is shown in the accompanying engravings. Aside from its ability to do accurately and well all the work within its ordinary capacity it is capable of turning work of large diameters and extra lengths. For exam- ple, the 8-ft. lathe, with the sliding bed closed, will swing 24 in. and take between centers 3 ft. With the gap open and extended its maximum amount it will take work up to 46 in. in diameter and 514 ft. long. Each foot added tothe length of the bed increases the gap opening 6in. The 8-ft. lathe weighs 6600 lb., and longer ones weigh 350 lb. more for each additional foot of bed length. The lathe illus- trated is driven by a 5-hp. 2 to 1 direct current Crocker- Wheeler motor, with a variable speed controller giving 10 speeds, ranging from 870 to 1500 rev. per min. In ad- SS % THE IRON AGE 969 21-16 in. The machine will cut threads from 1 to 16 to the inch. The drive is by a Morse chain direct from the motor to a sprocket, which takes the place of the ordinary cone pulley. The controller and the resistance box are mounted on the bed at the headstock end. The ecar- riage and tailstock bed is movable longitudinally on ma- chined ways to give a gap of any length to suit the work, and is adjusted by a long screw running through its center, and manipulated by a crank handle at the tail end, which is cut off in the illustration. Feeds for thread cutting and turning are obtained from one long screw on the sliding bed, the thread of the screw being used for thread cutting and a spline in the screw for the power longitudinal and cross turninz feeds. The feed screw is driven by spur gears, one of them being feathered to a stationary shaft on the lower or main bed, which is in turn driven from the heac- stock, either by gears direct, as shown, when the clutch A Motor Driven 24-46 In. Extension Gap Lathe Built by Fay & Scott, Dexter, Maine. dition the lathe is double back geared, tripling the num- ber of speed changes, the gears being engaged by a sliding key in the back gear quill. A large full swing face plate, which is not shown in the engraving, is fur- nished with the lathe, and is driven direct by a pinion engaging an internal gear in the back of the plate. The head spindle is of high carbon steel, with jour- nals ground to size. The spindle bearings are of bronze, and are scraped and fitted. The tailstock is of the cut- away type, and can be set off center for turning taper work. The carriage is extended for turning the full swing of the lathe, and is rigidly supported at the front end by an angle bracket, which has an adjustable gib at its foot, where it rests on a machined way at the bottom of the bed. The apron is tongued and grooved into the carriage, and all gears and studs are of ample proportions. Included with the lathe as equipment are the coun- tershaft, center rest, large and small face plates, wrenches and a complete set of change gears. Additional attach- ments can be furnished as follows: Taper attachment, follower rest, turrets fitted to a carriage or V's, and a friction headstock, triple geared direct to the face plate. The ordinary back gearing has a ration of 12 to 1, the triple gearing 34 to 1. The swing over the bed, as be- fore stated, is 24 in., and over the carriage 17 in., and through the gap 46 in. The hole through the spindle is. is in the right position, or through belts between two three-step cone pulleys, when the proper clutch is en- gaged by moving the handle to its opposite position. When no feed is desired another lever at the top.of the headstock on the left hand end disengages the drive from the spindle. —— oe —____—__ The Joseph Iron & Equipment Company, of which Isaac Joseph of the Isaac Joseph Iron Company, Cin- cinnati, Ohio, is president, G. G. Bergman secretary and Harry Wright general manager, is operating a plant covering several acres in the City of Mexico, with its general offices at 406 Mutual Building in that city. The business of the company comprises the purchase and sale of iron and steel rails, locomotives, steam shovels, railroad cars of all kinds, railroad and contractors’ equipment, relaying rails and scrap iron and steel, as well as the agency for Mexico of the Shay patent geared locomotive. ——___.§-- In January the production of pig iron in Germany was 1,062,152 metric tons against 1,064,688 tons in December and 1,018,461 tons in January, 1906. Of the January production this year 686,901 tons was Thomas or basic iron; 40,712 tons Bessemer iron, 87,493 tons ferro and spiegel, 69,503 tons forge iron and 177,543 tons foundry iron. — Se : | THE IRON A. New Gas Burner Soda Kettle. The soda and potash kettle with gas burner heating attachment, shown in the illustration, is arranged to give a constant, predetermined temperature of the bath used in cleaning work of oil and greasy dirt in machine shops, factories and electroplating works. The bath is heated by a burner to which gas is admitted through a valve controlled by a thermostat. The valve remains open util the heat of the kettle reaches the point at which the thermostat is set, when the heat, acting through the thermostat plug extending into the bath, automatically An Improved Soda and Potash Kettle with Gas Burner, Made by the Manufacturing Equipment & Engineering Company, Boston, Mass. opens a water valve, admitting pressure through a pipe to the gas valve, closing it and shutting off the supply of gas to the burner. When the bath falls below the required temperature the thermostatic valve closes, the water in the connecting pipe discharges into the slop basin and pressure is released from the gas valve, admit- ting gas, so that the burner is again lighted by a pilot lamp which is kept constantly burning. The slop basin is at one side of the kettle and may be seen at the top near the right in the illustration. It is arranged so that the dirty water can be easily disposed of. It also acts as an overflow if the water supply should be accidentaly left open and is convenient in getting rid of scum. The cover can be removed at any time and the entire volume of the kettle made available for large work. ‘The kettle is manufactured by the Manufacturing Equipment & Engineering Company, 209 Washington street, Boston, Mass. —_——_—_4--e The Spanish Steel Syndicate. Since the beginning of the current year the Spanish Steel Syndicate has been in operation, the sales being handled by the Central Siderurgica, calla de Serano 2, Madrid, whose director is Joaquin Angoloti and whose secretary is Mariano Cagegal. The syndicate takes in all the makers of merchant products, shapes, sheets and plates, the allotment being as follows: AGE March 28, 1907 Merchant products. Shapes. Plates. Percent. Per cent. Per cent. NE 6 5s 6 ccd eunataneed 47 45 56 | EER ee Ae na ee 13 31.85 27.60 DRAUSS anes steeds ¥¥b0 ee uaA 13 2.50 6 Moreda y Gijon - as ee ee 4d 10 10 Material Ferrocarriles Hijos de Garcia Santa Ana de Bolueta............. ‘ Fabrica de Bidasoa ED Ae SN S's 20k eb bon eae ee 2 Vergatajauregui ‘ ee oe Three concerns agree to stop work and receive the following annual subsidies: Barconia, 100,000 pesetas; Purisima Conception, 37,000 pesetas, and Echevarria e Hijos, 20,000 pesetas. On account of the new allotment Fabrica de Bidasoa receives annually 30,000 pesetas and Viuda de Urgoitia 30,000 pesetas. Prices for products are to be so regulated that no foreign material can be im- ported. They are based on the export price at Antwerp, plus 10 francs for port charges and plus the duty and ex- change, and deducting 5 pesetas per ton from the total so reached. A new price-list has been issued and terms of sale, discounts, &c., have been established. ————_-e—___ The Bridgeport Slitter and Disk Grinder. A machine which, with minor changes, can be read- ily adapted for grinding a large variety of work is the slitter and disk grinder herewith illustrated, and made by the Bridgeport Safety Emery Wheel Company, Bridge- port, Conn. It can be equipped with a plain face plate, a Walker magnetic chuck, or plain three or four jawed chuck, but it is regularly furnished with a universal chuck adaptable for grinding punches, dies and miscel- Re ee i 9 ea Fig. 1.—The Bridgeport Safety Emery Wheel Company’s Slitter and Disk Grinder as Arranged for Dry Grinding. laneous small parts of any sort having flat or circular faces which it is desired to accurately finish. The illus- tration, Fig. 1, shows the machine as arranged when intended for dry grinding. With the addition of a hood for the wheel and pump and piping for water sup- ply, wet grinding can be equally well provided for. Pans are then arranged as desired to catch the water and conduct it back into a large water tank in the base. This part may be seen in Fig. 2, and also the centrifugal pump, which takes the water from the tank in the interior of the base and delivers it through piping to March 28, 1907 the hood of the wheel. The dirt and sediment settle in the bottom of the tank, while the clear water is drawn from above by the pu