The Iron Age 1907-03-21: Vol 79 Iss 12

THE IRON AGE Published every Thursday Moraing by David Williams Co. 14-16 Park Place, New York. Vol. 79: .No.. 12. New York, Thursday, March 21, 1907. 3.0 ot gies Ts Cad Postese Reading Matter Contents...... page Alphabetical index to Advertisers ‘‘ Classified List of Advertisers - Advertising and Subsoription Rates ‘‘ Compression Shafi Couplings Manufactured by SHOT SHELLS FORSTER PULLEY Arrow and Nitro Club brands were li WORKS carried by the thousands to the game Sube, M. Y. nerican Mfg. Co fields last fall. Their popularity and the = iT partiality of shooters for them is not ac- sind catia rect bella: cidental. True merit in manufacture, 65 Wall Street, New York } from primer to crimp, has won such a con- fidence in the U. M C. trade-mark that it means A PREFERENCE. OU. M. C. Shells give satisfaction. Carry a good stock. The Union Metallic Cartridge Co., Bridgeport, Conn. Agency, 313 Broadwny, New York City. THE BRISTOL COMPANY Waterbury, Cenn., U.S. A. New York: 114 Libe: Bt. Chicago: 758 Monadn Bldg. Bristol’s Recording Instruments For Pressure, Temperature and Electricity. Simple, Aceurate, Reliable. sams 54 coe WATER TUBE 6/e Babcock @ Wilcox Co. | Also Linen and Italian Hemp Sash Cord SAMSON CORDAGE WORKS, Boston, Mass, TUORNBUCKLES ee ee Branch Office, 11 Broadway, New York. Cleveland City Forge and iron Co., - Cleveland, O Horseshoers! Horse Owners! Hardware Dealers! You can-—each and all—derive many and great BENEFITS by SPECIFYING ‘‘Capewell’’ Horseshoe Nails & f 3.8 Horseshoers find them the dest to drive. Horse Owners find them the safest to use. oz 3g 35: Hardware Dealers find them the easiest to sell. a ees gx ALL THREE CLASSES find ‘**Capewell’? nails the MOST PROFIT- z= 8 ABLE AND BEST ADAPTED TO THEIR PECULIAR NEEDS Made by The Capewell Horse Nail Co., “"w's:c"™ FORGINGS Pilling & Grane siccrcurersidg: Pr Yor JENKINS ’96 SHEET PACKING The Original Unvulcanized Packing. Suitable for all steam joints. Not only does it make a tight joint quickly, but it makes a joint that wi///ast. Made in sheets, and also, to order, in GASKETS cut to any size Orshape. All genuine is stamped with Trade Mark as shown in the cut, and is guaranteed. JENKINS BROS., New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago, London, HOW IS ROOFING TIN MADE? Our Booklet “‘ From Underfoot to Overhead”’ describes the perce é6 i. tom, Sart Sa “waa A Stet Ta Staging pee) eae THE AMERICAN TUBE & STAMPING COMPA (Water and Rail Delivery) See MAGNOLIA rae Best Anti-Friction Metal for al] Machinery Bearing. AMERICAN recbis oe SHEET & TIN PLATE Sa COMPANY’S MAGHOLIA METAL CO. Owners etifiBdie Wenetacterdi, 113-116 Bank Street, We manufsccure all grades of Babbiti Ad. on Page 15 Chicago, Fischer Bldg. (NEW YORK. etals at com AGE Pa IRON BRASS. COPPE GERMAN | ve SILVER WIRE LOW BRASS, SHEET BRONZE, SEAMLESS BRASS AND COPPER TUBING, BRAZED BRASS AND BRONZE TUBING : : +: : WATERBURY BRASS CO., WATERBURY, CONN. 99 John St., New York. Providence, R. I. Bridgeport Deoxidized Bronze & Metal Co. BRIDGEPORT, CONN. Phosphor and Deoxidized Bronze THE THE MILLS OF THE GODS GRIND SLOWLY etc. BUT The Steel andTin Plate and Sheet Mills of FOLLANSBEE BROS. CO. are COMPELLED to keep "all SHEET R ROD WIRE their utmost capacity WHY ? Because Buyers have learned that our prod- uct is always of Superior Quality FOLLANSBEE BROS. CO. Pittsburgh Composition, Yellow Brass and Alum num Castings, large and small Matthiessen & Hegeler Zinc Co., LA SALLE, ILLINOIS. SMELTERS OF SPELTER AND MANUPACTURERS OF SHEET ZINC AND SULPHURIC Special Sizes of Zinc cut to order. Rolled Battery Plates. Selected Plates for Etchers’ and Lithographers’ use. Selected Sheets for Paper and Card Makers’ use. Stove and Washboard Blanks. ZINCS FOR LECLANCHE BATTERY. BU SNe eB 105 -109 So.Jefferson St.. Chicago. Best Bronze, Babbitt Metals Brass and Aluminum CASTINGS GERMAN SILVER | The Seymour Mfg. Co., - - Seymour, Conn. HENDRICKS BROTHERS PROPRIETORS OF THE Belleville Copper Rolling Mills, MANUFACTURERS OF Brazicers’ Bolt and Sheathing COPPER, OCOOPrPribhR wie RE AND "RIVETS, Importers an@ Dealers in Ingot Copper, Block Tin, Spelter, Lead, Antimony, etc. 49 CLIFF ST., NEW YORK. ACID. NICKEL ANODES BRASS, BRONZE, and GOPPER ‘ THOMASTON, CONN. The Plume & Atwood Mfg. Co. MANUFACTURERS OF Sheet ana RollBrass WII R E Printers’ Brass, Jewelers’ Metal, German Siiver and Gilding Metal, Copper Rivets and Burrs. - <- <« Pins, Brass Butt Hinges, Jack Chain, Kerosene Burners, Lamps, Lamp Trimmings, &c. 279 Broadway, NEW YORK. Room 508 Heyworth Building, East Madi- son St., CHICAGO, ILL. Rolling Mill: Factories : WATERBURY, CONN. SCOVILL MFG. CO. MANUFACTURERS OF BRASS, GERMAN SILVER, ' Sheets, Rolls, Wire Rede. Bolts and Tube Brase Shells, Cups, Singee, Buttons, Lamp Goods. Special Brass Goods to Order. Facforrss : eer? CONN. NEW YORK. ‘cemcaae, BOSTON. |g bouther Engineering Go, HARTFORD, GONN, Cuncniting Chemists, Metallurgists and Analysts. Complete Physical Testing Laboratory. Expert Testimony in Court and Patent Cases. Arthur T. Rutter & 60. 256 Broadway NEW YORK Small tubing in Brass, Copper, Steel, Aluminum, German Silver, &c. Sheet Brass, Copper and Ger- man Silver. Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire. Brazed and Seamless Brass and Copper Tube, Copper and Brass Rod. “PHONO-ELECTRIC” WIRE. “It’s TouGH.” TROLLEY, TELEPHONE and TELEGRAPH LIN ES. BRIDGEPORT BRASS COMPANY, Postal Telegra: Broadway and Manele 8t., oo York. PHOSPROR-BRONZE GERMAN SILVER THE RIVERSIDE acu |. METAL Co. aq «RIVERSIDE, W. J. Mills Bridgepo Conn. et THE IRON AGE New York, Thursday, March 21, 1907. A Large Pittsburgh Double Pulley Lathe. The tool illustrated in Fig. 1 impresses one first by its size, but further examination reveals even more of interest in its unique construction and mechanical move- ments. It is the largest double pulley lathe ever built in this country, being capable of turning two pulleys its center by a large worm wheel. in diameter, and is in turn driven worm, which runs in a bath of oil. As may be seen in Fig. 3 the worm is on a transverse shaft extending to the rear, where it is connected through gears with a 00-hp. motor, which provides the drive. In the drive a change of gearing is provided, which is operated by the lever e, Fig. 2, shown at the left side of the worm gear housing, this lever operating a clutch which throws the ulfferent gears in and out to give fast or slow speed. rhe latter is 96 in. from below by a THE IRon Ace Fig. 1.—General View of the 96-In. Double Pulley Lathe Built by the Pittsburgh Machine Tool Company for the Jones & Laughlin Steel Company. : ; = a ed ———7 ee 1 E82 Fig. 2.— Front Elevation of the 96-In. Pittsburgh Double Pulley Lathe. 96 in. in diameter by 72-in. face at one time, and weigh- ing complete about 50 tons, and was built for the Jones & Laughlin Steel Company, Pittsburgh, Pa., by the Pitts- burgh Machine Tool Company, Allegheny, Pa. An appre- ciation of the size of the lathe may be had from the half- tone, Fig. 1, which shows the tool in comparison with a man of ordinary stature, but this general view does not very clearly indicate the construction or method of operating. Figs. 2 and 3, which are front and end ele- vations respectively, will give a better understanding of the mechanical features. Both face plates are mounted on one spindle, which is 14 In. in diameter in the bearings, and is driven at The main driving worm is double threaded and the thrust is taken up with a ball thrust bearing. On the same shaft with it is a smaller worm at the outboard end, which provides the drive for the longitudinal feeds of the tool carriages. This worm meshes with a worm wheel on a short shaft, f, Fig. 2, which in turn through spur gears drives the longitudinal shafts g and h. The opposite ends of these shafts through spur gears and@ bevel gears drive short splined shafts on the outer ends of each rail, one of these being shown at i, Fig. 3. The pulleys which the machine is intended to turn are of the standard construction, cast in half. After each pulley has been bored it is mounted on an arbor 888 and inserted in the machine. This arbor is a taper fit in the spindle of the lathe, and the tail end of the arbor runs in a bronze bearing in the tailstock. The tailstocks are adjusted by pilot wheels, d, shown at each end of the lathe. As may be seen in Fig. 3 the back of the lathe is open, which facilitates placing the heavy work in position. The caps of the tail bearings are hinged, so that they can be swung back and opened to receive the tail ends of the arbors when the work is inserted. There is also a step bearing in each tail cap for taking the end thrust, this being adjustable when the arbor is in position. Drivers are inserted in holes in the face plates, which are steel, in proper position to engage with the arms of the pulleys. In front of each pulley there are two tool rests, these being carried on a long slide or rail, which can be ad- justed in and out to accommodate different diameters of pulleys. The in and out movement is effected by screws, bevel gear driven from the the long shaft j, Fig. 2, which are revolved at will in either direction by the hand ratchet levers b, shown at the front of the lathe in all of the views. When once adjusted for the proper diam- eter this slide or rail is clamped rigidly. The feeds for the tool rest are operated from the outside end of the two cross rails, the drive being taken from the shafts i, Fig. 3.—End Elevation of the Lathe, Showing the Drive. before referred to. The longitudinal feeds are operated by screws, spur gear driven from the splined feed shaft, and thrown in and out by a friction. Reverse of these feeds is accomplished by the hand lever c, shown on the apron, in Fig. 3. When the pulleys are to be turned with crowned faces the automatic crowning attachment, located at the front of the slide at a, Fig. 3, is used. This attachment can be ad- justed to turn different crowns, there being a roller in the compound slide, which runs in a groove in the top of the crowning device. As the view, Fig. 3, shows, the too] slides are supported entirely at the front of the machine, leaving the back open, so that the pulleys may be readily swung in place. Om The Lackawanna Steel Company’s Annual Meeting. The annual meeting of the stockholders of the Lacka- wanna Steel Company was held March 13 at the com- pany’s plant at West Senaca, N. Y. Directors whose terms expire in 1907 were re-elected until 1910 as follows: Mark T. Cox, B. 8. Guinness, Adrian Iselin, Jr., John J. Mitchell, H. A. C. Taylor, M. McK. Twombley, Cornelius Vanderbilt. The directors whose terms expire in 1908 are: E. A. 8S. Clarke, G. R. Fearing, Jr., Edmund Hayes, Samuel Mather, D. O. Mills, M. Taylor Pyne, Robert B. Van Cortlandt, John J. Albright, C. Ledyard Blair, Warren Bellano, J. G. McCullough, James Speyer, Moses Taylor and Henry Walters. The directors met and re- elected the officers, as follows: E. A. 8S. Clarke, president ; Moses Taylor, vice-president; C. H. McCullough, vice- THE IRON AGE March 21, 1907 president and general manager; Fred F. Graham, secre- tary; J. P. Higginson, treasurer, and Marshall Lapham, comptroller. President Clarke ‘submitted his report for the year ended December 31, 1906, which differed but slightly from the preliminary statement issued early in February and which was published in The Iron Age of February 7. The most important change was a further deduction from earnings of $400,159.28 for improvement and extraordi- nary replacement funds, making $1,500,000 for the year. President Clarke also said: “ There was formed during the year-the Seneca Trans- portation Company, to operate, under charter, vessels on the Great Lakes, for transporting the company’s products. The entire capital stock, $5,000 par value, is owned by the Lackawanna Steel Company. During the year there was shipp in this way 168,748 gross tons of finished material, the largest known shipments of steel products ever made by vessels in one season from any steel plant situated on the Great Lakes. The directors have further authorized the construction of an extension to No. 7 bloom- ing mill, to be known as No. 8 mill; the product of this mill will be shipped in part to the Seneca Iron & Steel Company, a corporation which is building sheet and hoop mills nearby at Buffalo, which corporation the Lacka- wanna Steel Company has contracted to supply with steel.” ——_»--——___—_ Hardening Steel in Fused Electrolytes. Additional details are at hand, of experience with a bath of barium chloride in an electric furnace, for tem- pering tool steels. The furnace is that of Gebriider Kérting, Berlin, Germany, and its construction and the method of using barium chloride were described in The Iron Age of January 3, 1907, page 17. It is stated that by experiment- ing with a furnace chamber about 6% in. square and 7 in. deep, and inserting pyrometers to different depths at nine different spots, L. M. Cobn has found the temperature of the top layer of the fused salt vary- ing only between 1108 and 1110 de- grees C.; in the bottom layer the temperature was throughout 1123 degrees, and in the intermediate layer also uniformly 1120 degrees C. Milling tools weighing up to 5 lb. have been heated up to 850 degrees C. in four minutes. A piece of Novo steel, outside dimensions 5 x 1% x 1 in., weighing 3 lb., has been heated to 1300 de- grees C. in 62 sec. The tools may be preheated up to red glow before being placed in the furnace. Primary cur- rents of 50 or 100 periods and 200 volts are used. When keeping the furnace at its maximum temperature of 1300 degrees C. for 10 hr. a day, about 2 Ib. of barium chloride has to be replenished every day. The furnace lining is said to last about a year. The iron electrodes do not last so long. Barium chloride seems, so far, to be the best ma- terial for the extreme temperatures. For lower tempera- tures mixtures of barium chloride and potassium chloride are used. The crust of fused salt which adheres to the steel peels off at once when the steel is dropped into the cooling liquid. Local superheating is not to be feared in this kind of furnace. $< __—_ The Madison Coke Company, House Building, Pitts- burgh, Pa., has purchased 50 acres of coal lands in the Connellsville District, being part of the Eastern outcrop of the Pittsburgh vein. It has built a battery of 20 coke ovens and will complete its plant of 50 ovens within two or three months, the grading for which is partly com- pleted and most of the material on hand. Water supply is secured from natural springs on the property, giving an abundance of the best water for its coke ovens and boiler house. The plant is located on the Pennsylvania Rail- road, and the company will make a specialty of high grade foundry coke. E. C. Powers is president; W. H. Taliaferro, vice-president, and Henry L. Coe, secretary and treasurer. THE IRON AGE March 21, 1907 The American Radiator Company’s Report. The eighth annual report of the American Radiator Company, covering the operations of the fiscal year end- ing January 31, 1907, presents a statement from which the following comparison of income account is drawn: 1907. 1906. PO. ODS & vce ceededecesebneeees $864,281 $833,917 Dividend preferred stock (4 per cent.) 210,000 210,009 PR oid.vc Os ee usenenanseuse $654,281 $623,917 Dividend common stock (4 per cent.).. 200,000 196,013 Re ie oearene 4 aren $454,281 $427,904 The general business sheet, as of January 31 last, shows: Assets. 1907. 1906. meat eetate, plant, Be... cccsccvce $7,976,641 $7,600,853 Additions during year............. 392,649 475,788 SB iy ee a ee $8,369,290 $8,076,641 USD COUMEEIOUL, 6 5 cc wie sueeduesss 100,000 100,000 OR te ca a a $8,269,290 $7,976,641 Lh ah Daas whe W'w ae CGA CA ee a 308,541 * 376,121 Pe OUI, ovis sc lvscaveccascuse 15,986 12,004 Accounts receivable... .ccsccccceecs 2,535,568 2,151,953 Raw material, supplies and finished ee eer eee ee 1,370,332 1,626,370 Ns bis ny wdsaod aie $12,499,717 $12,143,089 Liabilities. MU GR Ooi dik Cawieviets $3,000,000 $3,000,000 CI, Des 5 ke Palade’ cet C8 « Bi 5,000,000 4,922,300 Accounts and bills payable........ 1,115,645 1,290,998 INS Dias yo ow el ais voila a ae 3,384,072 2,929,791 at isis wnat dati $12,499,717 $12,143,089 Following is a statement of the quick assets and lia- bilities as of January 31 last: 1907. 1906. a ee eee $4,230,427 $4,166,448 Less accounts and bills payable.... 1,115,645 1,290,998 Net quick assets.............. $3,114,782 $2,875,450 President Clarence M. Woolley presents an accom- panying statement which, in part, is as follows: “ Additions were made to the manufacturing proper- ties, and refinements were introduced which brought about an increase of output and placed our operations on a stronger and more advantageous foundation. Sev- eral new selling branches, equipped with ample ware- house capacity, were established at important trade centers. Experience has. emphasized the benefits derived by the diverse locations of plants and branch warehouses. Our ability to distribute an immense amount of merchan- dise from many natural shipping centers, instead of from a single point of production, offers decisive advantages to our patrons, and encourages the growth of the business along economic lines. “The business of the company has reached propor- tions which greatly exceed its total capital. The first year of our corporate existence the volume of business was less than one-half of the capitalization. It is there- for obvious that the larger measure of business can be transacted under conditions which accrue to the greater advantage of the public and of the company. “The phenomenal business conditions which prevailed during the last fiscal year created abnormal acitivity in the metal markets and rendered it difficult to obtain sup- plies. Our own selling prices were not advanced as rapidly or to the same extent as were the prices of raw materials. Thus were we aided in enlarging the volume while securing a satisfactory return on the total business transacted. “During periods of exceptional prosperity we believe it is incumbent upon merchants and manufacturers to make preparation for less fortunate eras. The company has endeavored to safeguard itself in many ways, looking forward to the time when its operations may be less favored by general conditions. Conspicuous among the steps which have been taken.in this regard is the reser- vation of an insurance fund to protect the company against a decline in the value of its finished products, and during the past few years the sum of $300,000 has been deducted from the profits for that purpose. “ Manufacturers consider it vital to protect themselves THE IRON AGE 889 against the disappearance of value in their properties by process of fire, and for that purpose fire insurance is purchased. It is just as important that safeguards should be applied to protect the product asset, which, in the natural order of events, is subjected to a greater menace than the plant asset, by the inevitable fluctuations in market conditions, and in years of great prosperity insurance funds should be established, so that, when less favorable conditions prevail, there will not be placed upon the current operations an artificial burden of ab- sorbing the shrinkage in product values. We believe it wise and prudent, therefore, to exact sufficient tribute during seasons of general prosperity, in order that we may avoid the embarrassments which might ultimately be imposed were not this policy adopted. “In addition to the product value insurance fund re- ferred to, there has been deducted from earnings the sum of $100,000, with which we have established a guar- anty fund for bad accounts. This surrounds the accounts receivable asset with the same safeguard that has been applied to the inventory of products. Both of these funds can be drawn upon only by order of the Board of Di- rectors, and will be reserved as special safeguards, should it become necessary to apply them to the purpose for which they were created. “The foreign companies are in a state of healthy de velopment. We still continue to realize many advantages on account of our ability to supply the demand in the various countries, from manufacturing plants which we have located with special reference to natural conditions. Had we attempted to supply the foreign demand from domestic plants, it would have been impossible to de velop the business in the rapid and substantial manner that has been accomplished by the policies adopted. “The plant which was built in England last year is in operation, and the results are as favorable as were anticipated. The plant in Germany is being further ex- tended to meet the larger demand created by an extensive and enterprising sales organization. These extensions are well warranted by the results which have been ac- complished. The plant in France is being very largely increased to meet the demand placed upon it by selling methods, which likewise have been applied to the situa- tion in that country, where the opportunity for continued growth is relatively as favorable as in England and Ger- many. “It is our purpose to continue aggressively the devel- opment of our business in Europe. While the results al- ready achieved are substantial and gratifying, we look forward to the further expansion of these enterprises, believing that they will ultimately prove of great ad- vantage to our shareholders.” ——___$<---—————_— The Frick Coke Company’s Operations. The H. C. Frick Coke Company has planned the erec- tion of four large coke plants during the present year. At York Run the Collier plant is projected with 400 ovens. At Prospect, on the Monongahela Railroadu, an- other plant of 250 ovens will be constructed. The Phil- lips plant, at Thaw’ Station, on the Pennsylvania Rail- road, will have 400 ovens instead of 250 as at first planned. At Roncoe, where coal has been mined for some time, 350 ovens will be erected. These plants will add many thousands of tons to the production of the company, while the plan is also seriously considered of firing old ovens at abandoned plants, hauling the coal for a long distance in order to do it. The Frick Coke Company has purchased the surface of the J. Seaton Collier farm of 100 acres in Georges Township, Fayette County, and will build the Collier plant there with 500 ovens and 250 houses. The reported price paid for the farm was $100 an acre. The company owned the coal under the land. The Frick Coke Com- pany will this summer change many of the oven fronts at its various plants for the purpose of installing coke drawing machinery. The labor situation has been so acute in the past several months that the company has decided that the best way to provide against it is to use the patent coke drawer. Large orders for brick and ma- terial to change the oven fronts have been placed. | f i THE IRON Proper Packing.* Handling of Machinery and Parts for Export. Paul Roux, a member of the American Chamber of Commerce of Paris, with a view to facilitate commercial transactions between the United States and France, pre- pared the following paper on packing machinery for ex- port, in which will be found information that will be expecially valuable to exporters of every description of merchandise requiring careful handling: This paper will give little new information to those familiar with the importation of machinery, nor to Amer- ican manufacturers who, through their own experience and that of their agents, are conversant with what a ma- chine tool goes through, from its completion and test in the home factory, until finally running in some French establishment. It may perhaps be of value to those who are seeking a foreign market, and who have yet to learn the requirements of export trade, and for this reason is submitted to the American Chamber of Commerce of Paris, whose principal object is to facilitate commercial transactions between the United States and France. An American machine has much to pass through be- tween the producing factory and its final arrival at the works of the purchaser—cartage, transportation by rail and by sea, transshipment, loading and unloading, custom house examination, and perhaps storage for considerable periods in French warehouses. 4 Packing comprises the series of operations which have for object the preservation of the machine in good con- dition up to the time of final delivery. The care with which these operations are carried out and combined may not only largely affect their own cost, but also the ex- penses of transportation, custom dues, and storage; and these expenses, in the case of machinery exported from the United States to France, may amount to a considera- ble percentage of the selling price. Preparation of Machines. All machine tools after having been completely as- sembled, inspected, and tested in practical running should be more or less completely dismounted before packing. It is impossible to lay down fixed rules in this regard, as the extent to which a too) should be dismounted varies with each machine, or rather with each class of machin- ery. The manufacturer must take into consideration the resistance of the tool and its various parts to rough hand- ling in transportation, and decide upon what extent it should be dismounted to insure safety. It must be re- membered that while the packing case will protect a machine against blows which it may receive when in a normal position it offers little protection against side or abnormal thrusts resulting from an overhanging posi- tion. Great care must therefore be taken to see that no part of the machine is in contact with the sides of the case that is not fully able to withstand the rough hand- ling to which the case can be subjected. The feet of a lathe bed, the base of a shaper, or of a milling machine, may be readily broken by the packing case falling, even lightly, on one of its corners, and without the latter show- ing any external evidence of the fall. A most important consideration to be taken into ac- count when dismounting a machine is its volume or cu- bage when packed for shipment. Marine freights are generally reckoned at so much per ton weight, or per 40 cu. ft., at the option of the ship. The exporter has, therefore, every interest to see that the weight, which can not of course be varied, does not occupy a space greater than 40 cu. ft. per ton. Nearly all machines, when not dismounted, make up into packages greatly ex- ceeding 40 cu. ft. per ton, and even under the best con- ditions can rarely be packed in cases equivalent in weight and volume. It may therefore be laid down as a general rule that every effort should be made to reduce the volume as much as possible by dismounting all pro- jecting parts which increase the over-all dimensions of the packages. On the other hand, the difficulty of as- sembling parts requiring accurate adjustment must be * From the Daily Consular and Trade Reports of the Depart- ment of Commerce and Labor. AGE i March 21, 1907 taken into account, and the exporter must use his best judgment in deciding at what point the difficulties of setting up the machine will outweigh the economy real- ized by reducing the volume of the package. Maximum Weight and Charzes, This question of reducing the cubage is worthy of the closest attention of American manufacturers, as_ the freight from the United States to French ports is ex- tremely high by the direct lines, while the extra duties charged upon goods arriving indirectly more than coun- terbalance any savings in transportation charges. The cost of transportation is, therefore, an important factor in the cost of a machine when delivered in France, and the economy realized by paying close attention to the volume of packages may form an appreciable portion of the profits. The maximum weight of each package must also be carefully considered; freight charges, computed, as has already been shown according to weight or volume, as may be more profitable to the carriers, are increased very considerably when the weight of individual packages ex- ceeds a certain limit. For instance, the rate for packages exceeding 4% tons in weight is double that for packages weighing less than 2 tons. This increase varies accord- ing to the steamship line, but is imposed by all, and must therefore always be taken into account. In addition to its effect on the actual freight charges, the total weight per package when exceeding a maximum of about 2 tons involves extra charges for loading and unloading. These charges vary according to the equip- ment of the ports of departure and arrival, and are often very considerable, as when it is necessary to move the vessel under a dock crane, when one is available, or to get up steam on a floating crane to handle the heavy weights. To sum up, it will generally be advantageous to dis- mount a machine weighing over 2 tons in order to pack it in several packages each weighing less than this max- imum. Care must be taken, however, that the total ton- nage or cubage of the several packages does not exceed that of a single case, and that the difficulties of assem- bling the machine at destination do not more than coun- terbalance the economy realized on transportation charges. It is also profitable to dismount a machine weighing either more or less than 2 tons, when this se- cures a considerable reduction in volume, and when, as is generally the case with machine tools, the cubage ex- ceeds the limit of 40 cu. ft. per ton. Dismounting Fragile Projections, It is generally necessary to dismount fragile project- ing parts, even when this will have no influence on the volume or weight of the packages. While it is true that these parts will be properly protected by the packing case during transportation, still they run the risk of being bent or broken during the operation of unpacking and setting up the machine. It is therefore preferable to re- move and pack them in one or more separate boxes se- cured in the principal case. All delicate or fragile parts which can not be removed should be carefully protected against rough handling during unpacking. All screw threads should be carefully covered with wood or rags, all tapped holes, oil holes, and in general all openings through which dirt can reach the interior of the machine should be carefully closed with wooden plugs. Manufacturers are especially urged to tag all pieces which may have been removed with labels fully explain- ing their position on the machine. This precaution may appear exaggerated and useless if it is considered that the machines will only be assembled by mechanics under- standing their construction, but certain American ma- chines are novelties to many factories, and besides, be- fore arriving at the works of the purchaser, the machine has to pass through the custom house, and sometimes has to be exhibited in a salesroom. Under these con- ditions it is necessary that people unfamiliar with the type of machine should know exactly the position and function of each of the detached parts. Protection of Finished Parts. When a machine tool has been properly dismounted and divided for packing the very important operations of. protecting the finished parts against rust must be carried March 21, 1907 out. Lack of care and attention in this operation may have very serious consequences. It is not necessary to point out what serious effects rust may produce on the finished parts of a machine; it should be remembered that after having passed three or four weeks en route, often inade- quately protected from the rain and always subjected to the effects of dampness, a machine may remain during long months in warehouses before being unpacked, and it is easily seen in what condition a machine may be found if the finished surfaces have not been protected against rust by a thoroughly efficient coating. There are two things to be considered in this question of protection—the nature of the protective coating and the method of applying it. Without stating what the composition of the coating should be, it is urged that this should be sufficiently fluid at the time of application to permit it to reach all parts of the surfaces to be covered ; that it should be entirely free from all trace of acid in order that it may not attack the metal. It should dry very rapidly, in order that no surface should be exposed accidentally through chafing en route or careless hand- ling in the custom house. It should be readily dissolved with oil, petroleum, or turpentine when the machine is ready to be set up at its final destination. Damage from EKust. The coating should of course be applied carefully to all polished surfaces which can be reached by the atmos- phere, and care should be taken that the coating is intact after the machine has been packed—that is to say, when the packing case has been constructed around the ma- chine. It very often happens that the packers carefully coat all polished parts of a machine, but that more or less of the coating is removed during the handling nec- essary for placing the machine in its packing case, or by contact with the interior braces. The effects of this neg- ligence are generally very serious, because the parts thus exposed are promptly attacked by rust, and the machine can not be put in perfect condition, even if this be possi- ble, except by long and costly work. Polished surfaces which are in contact with each other should not be coated; they will be sufficiently protected by the lubricating oil applied for running the machine. Likewise, oil holes should be free from the coating com- position, as it is most difficult to completely remove it later on. Finally, it is recommended that this coating be not applied to any finished parts, which, by their position in the machine, are completely protected from all exterior contact, and which are so situated that the removal of the protecting coat would be difficult. For these parts the employment of vaseline or solidified oil is suggested, as this can be readily removed, and even if not removed can not affect the working of the machine. The only precaution to be taken is that the vaseline and oil should be entirely free from acid. As an example, inclosed gear- ing, such as in the head stock of a lathe, can be protected in this manner against rust. Vaseline or solidified oil may also be employed for protecting such small de- tached pieces as may be inclosed in a separate box. Construction of Cases, The packing case must fulfill two requirements—it must effectually protect the machine against all shocks and injury during transportation and must facilitate the handling of the machine; that is to say, the packing case is at the same time a covering and a vehicle. In order to fulfill this double requirement the case should be specially constructed, and without fixing gen- eral rules, as the details of construction will vary consid- erably with the forms of different types of machines, the essential requirements will be given for packing cases containing a machine which is of a weight too great for moving by hand. The bottom is the most important part of the case, considered as a vehicle. If this is well designed it will not only facilitate handling during transportation from the United States to France, and contribute greatly to removing risk of injury, but it is the only part of the case which can be utilized in France, if, after remaining in showrooms, it is to be shipped by rail to its final desti- nation. The bottom should therefore be sufficiently strong THE IRON AGE 891 to carry the total weight of the machine without the assistance of any other part of the case when balanced on a roller. It should be constructed with two longitudi- nal battens in order that the case may be moved on rollers when cranes are not available, and these battens should be beveled at the ends to facilitate their employment. Transverse planking, spiked to the battens, forms the bottom of the case. On the bottom, constructed as indi- cated, two frames should be built around the machine, dividing the length of the case in three parts, in such manner as to support the pressure of ropes or chains when handling with cranes or other hoisting apparatus. These frames will, at the same time, act as supports for the interior braces, and as lateral supports in case the package is laid on its side, which often happens in spite of instructions. Around these principal elements are built the sides, ends, and top of the case, which are de- signed simply for protecting the machine generally. In constructing the packing case the remarks already made regarding its volume must be borne in mind. This volume is computed from the over-all dimensions, and often a bolt-head or a batten badly placed will largely increase the cubage. If the bottom of the case has been given the special form herein indicated, there is little chance that it will be placed otherwise than upright; it is, however, better to add the usual indications “ top,” “ bottom,” ete. Customs Examination. In designing the packing case it is very necessary to make provision for the examination of the machine in the custom house, and even for removing it completely. It is absolutely necessary in all events to arrange an opening in one of the sides or in the cover through which the nature of the machine may readily be seen. This opening should be large enough to permit the examina- tion of all parts of the interior of the case and to permit the passage of a lantern if required. It should be closed by a cover secured with screws. To allow for removing the machine completely from the packing case, in order to determine the net weight of the machine for the custom house, it should be arranged so that the packing and the unpacking may be readily and rapidly accomplished without it being necessary to injure the panels. For this it is necessary that the top and one of the sides be secured with screws instead of nails, and that the position of the interior battens and braces be indicated externally in order that the screws and nails fixing them may be readily found. It is especially recommended that the interior of pack- ing cases be not lined with paper. Such a lining pre- vents the circulation of air, and if the machine be packed in a damp atmosphere the humidity, which under other circumstances would have evaporated, will attack the metallic parts however slightly exposed. Special atten- tion is called to this point, as practical experience has demonstrated that effects have resulted from lining cases quite unforeseen by the exporter. Lists and Drawings. It is very necessary that the machine should be ac- companied by a detailed list of the detached pieces con- tained in the packing case, which, on unpacking, will show whether any part has been lost during transporta- tion or during the custom house examination. It is most indispensable that this list should be accompanied by a drawing or cut, showing clearly the machine when assem- bled and ready for work. The cut should also show all accessories which are indispensable to the machine—for example, countershafts, keys and wrenches, change gears, ete. This cut, in lieu of which a drawing should be sup- plied, will permit the custom house inspectors to convince themselves that the detached pieces actually form part of the machine; otherwise these pieces may have to pay duties at a higher rate than the machine itself. If the machine has been taken apart and made up into several packages, a cut or drawing should be placed in each case, as in general all of the packages are not opened in the custom houses. These papers, lists, cuts, and drawings should be care- fully enveloped in waterproof paper and tacked inside the case near the small opening already mentioned in b tH ni 892 order that they may be readily accessible. When the dimensions are such that the papers can be attached to the cover of the opening this should be done. Exterior Marks. The packing finished, it only remains to properly mark the cases for identification. All manufacturers know that a case should be marked legibly with identifying marks and numbers, the gross and net weight, the volume, and the name of the port of discharge, the latter in legible lettering at least 2 in. in hight. It is only necessary to call their attention to the necessity of marking the abso- lutely exact net weight, as even a very small difference between the weight stated and the true weight may cause difficulties in the custom house, and perhaps the imposi- tion of fines. The volume is determined by taking the three dimensions over all. In addition to these marks, indispensable for the transportation of the package, and which should when possible be placed on the sides of the case, it is recommended that on each end of the package a short designation of the contents be added. These last- named inscriptions are absolutely necessary when the package is to be stored in a warehouse, as they permit of A 24-In. Double-Triple Quick Stroke Gould & Eberhardt Shaper the immediate identification of a case containing a given machine. The inscription should not only indicate the type of machine, but should also give its size or number. Finally, exporters are urged to paint a black circle around the heads of all nails and screws which should be removed in order to unpack the machine with the least work and without injuring the panels and bracings. If the foregoing suggestions are carefully followed manufacturers will greatly diminish the risk of injury or deterioration during transport, and will spare the con- signee of the machine and the purchaser in France the trouble, delay, and expense which the loss, damage, or breakage of an essential part of the machine will cause him. The importance of properly bracing and securing a machine in its packing case has not been insisted upon, as the methods must vary greatly with each type of ma- chine. The manufacturer should know how to arrange the bracing that the stresses to which the case may be subjected will be properly distributed and only brought to bear on such parts of the machine as may be capable of resisting them. ————_—.-- oe ———__—_ The Reliance Heater & Supply Company has removed its offices and stock from 541 Wood street to 228 Second avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. . THE IRON AGE March 21, 1907 A Gould & Eberhardt Motor Driven Shaper. Individual motor drive has become so common that each new example of it scarcely calls for passing attzn- tion, unless it has unique or especially commendable fea- tures. The fundamental requirements are pretty gener- ally understood and the manner of meeting them more or less standardized, although already designers are taking sides on disputed points, such as location of motor, allowable lengths of belt where a belt is used, best speeds, best means of control, &c. The handling of the various phases in the problem of applying a motor to the driving of a shaper appear to have been more than ordinarily well worked out in the case illustrated, for which credit is due to the builders of the shaper, Gould & Eberhardt, Newark, N. J. The equipment is one made for the Na- tional Tube Company, Lorain, Ohio, and consists of a 24- in. high-speed, quick-stroke shaper, a General Electric Company’s direct-current motor with variable speed con- trol through a Ward Leonard starting box and rheostat, and a Morse silent chain. As will be seen, the motor is mounted on the back of with Contained Motor Drive. the main column of the shaper, thus making it integral with the tool, and at the same time keeping it well up from the floor where it is out of the way of dirt and sweepings. The compact cylindrical construction of the motor adapts it well to the machine so that a symmet- rical unit results. The power is transmitted through the chain to the main shaft of the shaper. A fact of particular interest is that the motor is not stopped and started each time that it becomes necessary to stop or start the tool. The motor may run continuous- ly, and by means of the long curved lever shown at the right in the engraving, a clutch is thrown in or out, as oceasion requires, thus giving perfect control of the cut- ting head. This could not be had otherwise unless the motor could be stopped and started instantaneously and that would be difficult to accomplish and rather severe on the motor. In connection with the clutch a very desirable feature is the mechanical brake which enables the cutting head to be brought to rest almost instantly at any point in the stroke. The arrangement for governing the transverse feed of the table is ingenious and effective, as is also the means for supporting the table on the extended base when heavy work is being machined. March 21, 1907 Sprague Alternating Current Electric Hoists. Alternating current induction motors, while they have been successfully used on large electric cranes, have been more difficult to adapt to electric hoists. The obstacles are the larger size of an alternating current motor, as compared to a direct current motor of the same power, the relatively small amount of clearance between the rotor and stator of induction motors, the difficulty of obtaining speed variation without great complication and expense, and the several voltages, phases and frequencies of alter- nating current now in common use, which require either a different motor, a different winding or a different connec- a % 4" * Ri tee Ree, ‘ ~ “Ae ed B 7 GL ie See x Ls | The S-1 Alternating Current Electric Hoist Built by the Sprague Blectric Company, New York City. tion, compelling the manufacturer to carry a large stock of extra motors. For some time the Sprague Electric Company, New York City, has been endeavoring to devise an alternating current hoist that will be satisfactory in spite of the lim- itations of induction motors, and in the one illustrated herewith believes it has accomplished that end. This, which is the first size of the new line, is known as the S-1 hoist, and is equipped with an induction motor, for use on two or three phase circuits of 60 cycles frequency. It has a maximum capacity of % and 1 ton, at speeds respectively of 30 and 15 ft. per minute, and in general outward appearance is similar. to the S-1 direct current hoist made by the same company. Although the motor is larger than the one used in the direct current hoist, the THE IRON AGE 893 overall dimensions of the hoist entire are not increased. Ten of these hoists have been in actual use for six months, and are reported to be fully equal to direct cur- rent hoists, where speed variation is not required. The motor indicated at M in the engraving is of the induction type, with squirrel cage winding, and has a comparatively large clearance between the rotor and stator to provide against unbalancing the rotor by slight wear of the bearings. All gears used are cut from solid blanks, the larger gears being cast iron and the pinions machine steel, and are lubricated with grease. A cast iron gear box, G, which forms one end of the hoist frame, has a closely fitting cover, which entirely incloses the gears, protecting them from dust and dirt. Two brakes are provided on the hoist. One is an or- dinary mechanical brake, operated by a cam attached to the controller shaft, and turning with it. This, known as a tongs brake, on account of its shape, is so arranged in respect to the controller mechanism that the brake shoes are held from the brake pulley only when current is flowing through the motor. At all other times the brake shoes are pressed against the brake pulley by a spring the force of which is adjustable. The S-1 hoist is also provided with a load brake of the disk type, mounted on the armature shaft, which works only when the hoist is lowering, a roller pawl permitting the fric- tion disk to turn freely when the load is being lifted. A helical spring regulates the amount of friction in lowering, so that the hoist will safely sustain its rated load, even if the mechanical brake fails to work. The limit switch used consists of a screw, on which is mounted a traveling nut and two stationary nuts, the latter being pinned to the screw in fixed positions. One end of the screw carries a small sprocket wheel chain connected to another on the end of the controller shaft. The stationary nuts are pinned at points on the screw corresponding to the desired high and low limits of the hoist’s travel. At either limit the moving nut on the screw engages a stationary nut causing the sprocket wheel on the end of the screw to be rotated through part of a revolution, cutting off the current by turning the controller to the off position. At the same time the brake is applied and the hoist is immediately stopped. In lowering the operation is the same, but in the oppo- site direction. The cast iron case indicated at B in the illustration contains the mechanical brake, the limit switch mechanism and the load brake. The controller is of the cylinder type, giving one hoisting and one lowering speed, and is mounted between the end frames and inclosed with a sheet metal cover, as indicated at C in the illustration. The hoisting drum is of the full diameter specified by the manufacturers of the rope, and the sheave is of the same diameter of the drum. This is a practice which the company has always held to, in the belief that a rope is injured quite as much by bending around a sheave of small diameter as around a drum of that same diameter. All lubrication is by means of compression grease cups, the company’s experience having been that electric hoists are more satisfactorily lubricated with grease than with oil. The advantages are greater cleanliness, as there is no liability of dripping, either about the floor or into the windings to cause short circuiting of the electrical connections. The trolley carriage is what is called the