The Iron Age 1906-11-01: Vol 78 Iss 18

THE IRON AGE A Review of the Hardware, Iron, Machinery and Metal Trades. Published every Thursday Morning by David Williams Co., 14-16 Park Place, New York. Vol. 78: No. 78. New York, Thursday, November 1, 1906. ime to=£ Reading Matter Contents page 1190 Alphabetical Index to Advertisers ‘‘ 272 Classified List of Advertisers “ 264] ) Advertising and Subscription Rates ‘‘ 1214] | Compression Shait Couplings Manufactured by FORSTER PULLEY ee CO ee SATISF ACTION Ropes and Twines for dealers to sell goods which give satisfaction to the consumer. As you are building up 2 - : reputation for reliability’? or maintaining an old one you find it necessary to carry 65 Wall Street, New York U.M.C. CARTRIDGES*‘ana SHOT SHELLS THE BRISTOL COMPANY Successful dealers are those who handle ‘*‘ trade-mark"’ goods which carry the makers Waterbury, (onn., U.S.A. | guarantee. U.M.C. Goods have been satisfactory to dealers and consumers for 40 years. New York: 114 Liberty St. Se ee er Send for U. M. C. Window Display. Bristol’s Recording Instruments é‘ - For Pressure, Temperature AGENCY FACTORY SALES OFFICE and Electricity. 813 Broadway, N. N.Y. ety . Betage pats Conn. San Foomsiser =~. Simple, Accurate, Reliable. epcaithereats All Ranges, Low Prices, and Guar- anteed. Send for Catalog R. SAMSON SPOT GORD| WATER TUBE Stirling Consolidated BOILERS Boiler Ch... Meta alse Linen and Italian Hemp BFR PAG 198. Sash Cord. Samson Cordage Works, “sss=".// There is no Horse Nail to Compare Se With “‘The Capewell”’ Branch Office, 11 Broadway, New York. Cleveland City Forge and Iron Co., - Cleveland, O It. is the most Economical, the most N.Y. DROP = Durable and the most Popular horse nail in the world. BROS. BROOKLYN, MERRILL Mill ill Cinder Made by Girard Building, ad Pilling & Crane Mersey 214y.P12'9 The Capewell Horse Nail Company Empire Bidg., New York Hartford, Conn. THE FELLOW who has a reputation and wants to JENKINS BROS. VALVES 7 , are all made of high grade steam metal, have interchangeable keep it—specifies parts, and full opening. Our new EXTRA HEAVY valves for high steam and hydraulic pressures are the heaviest valves of this class on the market. All valves bearing our trade mark are absolutely guaranteed. Write for booklets. JENKINS BROS., - - New York, Boston, noe Chicago, London TT HE AMERICAN TUBE & STAMPING COMPANY ROOFING TIN (Water and Rail Delivery) BRIDGEPORT, CONN. and won’t take substitutes. mM AG N oO LL. I hy mM E TAL » SEE Best Aati- Friction Metai for all Machinery Bearings. AMERICAN Z SHEET & TIN PLATE * MAGNOLIA METAL C0., COM PA NY’ S Owners and Sole Manufacturers, 113-116 Bank Street, San Francisco, Montreal ana P1 tied Ww Chieago, Fisher Bldg. NEW. YORK ‘Sa Adv., Page 16 THE IRON AGE | bin waits BRASS NAILS PLAIN STRAIGHT FACTS lst. The best produced, A strong statement, but the goods Tempting as it may be, we avoid carefull) “Biting off more thanwecan chew as the SAVING us, OF, 38 ames a. 2d. ease cast and rolled on the premises. Care is taken in the stock, which is clean, ductile and the right temper. 8d. Inxpection rigid; kages contain perfect nails only. No splinters nor imperfect other words, of booking orders for Tin Plates Sheet Steel bevond vur capacity to furnish or heads. 4th. Packed in 2 oz. and 4 oz, metal boxes. 20z., 402., lb. and ib. papers. One dozen packages in a carton. All goods full weight. Get our prices. RIVER COMPANY, E Waterbury, Conn. E Bridgeport Deoxidized Bronze & Metal Co. BRIDGEPORT, CONN. on agreed time. Our deliveries shere- fore, ate usually just as satisfactory as our qualities always are. FOLLANSBEE Brothers Company PITTSBURGH Makers Phosphor and Deoxidized Bronze Composition, Yellow Brass and Alumi- num Castings, large and <mal' Matthiessen & Hegeler Zinc Co., LA SALLE, ILLINOIS. SMELTERS OF SPELTER AND MANUFACTURERS OF SHEET ZINC AND SULPHURIC ACID. Special Sizes of Zinc cut to order. Rolled Battery Plates. Selected Plates for Etchers’ and Lithographers’ use. Selected Sheets for Paper and Card Makers’ use. Stove and Washboard Blanks. ZINCS FOR LECLANCHE BATTERY. WNP EH 105-109 So.Jefferson St., Chicago. Best Bronze, Babbitt Metals, Brass and Aluminum CASTINGS NICKEL ANODES CSERPEAEIN ORAS V OM | cnscevencemnacoaveoes The Seymour Mfg. Co., - - Seymour, Conn. HENDRICKS BROTHERS “ROPRIETURS OF THE Belleville Copper Rolling Mills, MANUFACTURERS OF Brazicrs’ Bolt and Sheathing COPPER, COPPER WIRE AND RIVETS. Importers and Dealers in ingot Copper, Block Tin, Spelter, Lead, Antimony, etc. 49 CLIFF ST., NEW YORK.» iman Silver. The PLume & ATwooo M6, Go. ; MANUFACTURERS OF Sheet and Roll Brass —AND— WIRE PRINTERS’ BRASS, JEWELERS’ METAL, GERMAN SILVER AND GILDING METAL, COP- PER RIVETS AND BURRS. Pins, Brass Butt Hinges, Jack Chain, Kero- sene Burners, Lamps, Lemp Trimmings, &c. 29 MURRAY ST., NEW YORK. 199 LAKE ST., CHICAGO. ROLLING MILL: | THOMASTON, CONN FACTORIES : WATERBURY, CONN. SCOVILL MFG. CO. MANUFACTURERS OF BRASS, GERMAN SiLVER, Sheets, Rolls, Wire Rods, Bolts and Tubes, Brass Shells, Cups, Hinges, _- Buttons, Lamp Goods. Special Brass Goods to Order. FACTORIES : WATERBURY, CONN. Depots: NEW YORK. CHICAGO. BOSTON. Henry Souther Engineering Co, HARTFORD, GONN. Consulting Chemists, Metallurgists and Analysts. Complete Physical Testing Laboratory. Expert Testimony in Court and Patent Cases. Arthur Y. Rutter &o. 256 Broadway NEW YORK Small tubing in Brass, Copper, Steel, Aluminum, German Silver, &c. Sheet Brass, Copper and Ger- Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire. Brazed and Seamless Brass and Copper Tube. Copper and Brass Rod. THE BRIDGEPORT BRASS CO., BRIDGEPORT, CONN. Postal Telegraph Building, Broadway and Murray St., New York. 85-87 Pearl St., Boston. 17 .N. 7th st., Philadelphia. MANUFACTURERS OF Brass {SHEET AND \ TUBING Copper \ WIRE Metal Goods made to order from _ Sheet, Rod, Wire and Tubing. a = - THE RIVERSIDE METAL Co. RIVERSIDE, N./ THE IRON AGE New York, Thursday, November 1, 1906. Heavy Duty Rolling Mill Engines. Description of the Three Installed in the Jones & Laughlin Steel Company’s No. 15 Struc- tural Mill by the C. & G. Cooper Company. Until recent years the Corliss engine has been consid- ered by some too refined a type for heavy rolling mill service. Originally Corliss engines were generally built for lighter service, in which close regulation and high fuel economy were the important factors. As a result of the steady increase in steam pressure, higher rotative speed and their wide use in electric railway and rolling mill work, this type of engine has been practically rede- signed and greatly simplified to meet the severe require- ments of these new conditions. Experience has shown that when properly built it requires less expense to main- tain it through a long period of years than almost any governors #0 aTranged that the speed may be varie@ between 60 and 110 rev. per min. while in operation. The normal speed, however, is 80 to 90 rev. per min. Fig. 1 the 42 and 74 x 54 in. roughing mill engine in the course of erection in the shops of the C. & G. Cooper Company, and Fig. 2 shows the same engine in more complete detail. The main shaft of this machine is of Bethlehem hollow hydraulically forged steel, 27 in. in diameter in the wheel fit and 25 in. in diameter by 50 in. long in the main journals. The flywheel is 18 ft. in diameter, 200,000 Ib. and is of the built-up or segmental type, as shown by Fig. 3. The outboard pillow block is of the massive pedestal type, as illustrated by Fig. 4. This pillow block is held down by 12 3-in. foundation bolts and further locked into the foundation by a transverse rib extending across the bottom of the block. A heavy beaded edge and oil chan- ne] is cast solid with the block on all four sides to catch the oil that may drop from the journal and the bronze shows weighs Fig. 1.—'The 42 and 74 x 54 In. Roughing Mill Engine in the Erecting Shop of the C. & G. Cooper Company, Mt. Vernon, Ohio. other type of engine. The increasing cost of fuel has also been an important element in its favor. On account of its reliability and economy in the use of steam the heavy duty Corliss engine has steadily gained in favor among the leading mill engineers, until it is now recognized as standard for all classes of rolling mill work. One of the most interesting features of the new con- tinuous structural mill recently placed in operation at the ‘South Side Works of the Jones & Laughlin Steel Company* is the engine equipment. The three engines that operate this mill were designed and built by the Cc. & G. Cooper Company, Mount Vernon, Ohio. They represent the most modern practice in engine design for this class of work and are of the tandem compound condensing Corliss type. The short time in which these engines were built was very remarkable Two of the engines were shipped in 70 days after receipt of order, and the third, a5000-hp. machine, in less than 90 working days. The last named engine was an odd size and had to be specially designed, requiring new drawings and patterns through- out. All the engines are directly connected to roll trains by steel couplings and are equipped with variable speed * Described in The Iron Age, July 5, 1906. thrust bearing between the coupling and the pillow block. The bearing in the pillow block is the same design as that in the main bed plate, being provided with removable shells and adjusting wedges, which have full length bearing against both side gibs. As will be seen from Figs. 1 and 2, the guide barrel has a full length support cast solid with it. This guide barrel is of extra heavy cross section and is bored in cylindrical form. The bed is of the tangye rolling mill type, with extra depth underneath the main journals to insure maximum strength and rigidity. A heavy base plate extends under the engine and unites with the bed plate in a bolted joint. This base plate is 15 in. deep, is strengthened by heavy longitudinal and transverse ribs and has a continuous beaded edge and oil channels. The cylinders and guide barrel are connected to the base plate in planed joints, ample provision being made for relieving the engine of any undue strains of expansidn and contraction. The low pressure piston floats on a hollow piston rod supported between the main and intermediate crossheads, and is a single web casting, provided with follower and self-acting steam packing ring. This piston does not 1140 come in contact with the cylinder except at the packing ring. The construction of this piston will be more clearly understood from Fig. 5. An intermediate cross- head and guide barrel is provided between the high and low pressure cylinders as a support for this floating pis- ton. This crosshead also forms an accurate connection between the high and low pressure piston rods. The piston of the high pressure cylinder is of the center ring type, with means for central adjustment, and has fol- lower, self-acting packing ring and bull rings, which cover the entire face of the piston. These bull rings are fitted with alternate sections of composition metal and are grooved for carrying the oil, as shown by Fig. 6. The valves are of the multiported type, ground on dead centers and polished on all wearing surfaces, which insures a steam tight fit. The steam valves of the high pressure cylinder and admission valves of the low pres- sure are direct driven from the rocker arms, and are THE IRON AGE November 1, 1906 160,000 lb. This engine throughout is similar in con- struction to the roughing mill engine. The two straightening machines are driven by a 22 and 40 x 42 in. engine, which is also similar in construc- tion to the larger engine. ‘The flywheel on this machine in 16 ft. in diameter and weighs 60,000 Ib. ie a_i Ff 0 4, = 2) oe. SS VQnnoe—298°68wwN . TYAS SW THE IRON AGE Fig. 2.—Plan and Elevation of the Engine Shown in Fig. 1. THE IRON AGE Fig. 3.—Details of the 18-Ft. Segmental Flywheel of the Rough- ing Mill Engine. under control of the governor to 75 per cent. of the stroke. The vacuum pots are of the Cooper improved piston oil-sealed type. The valve gear is of steel, having all bearing surfaces lined with phosphor bronze or council metal. . The finishing rolls are driven by a 38 and 66 x 48 in. engine, having a main shaft 28 in. in diameter in the wheel fit and 23 in. in diameter by 46 in. long in the main journals. The flywheel is 18 ft. in diameter and weighs The three engines are equipped with a gravity auto- matic oiling system, also furnished and installed by the C. & G. Cooper Company. The oiling systems for the roughing and finishing engines are of ample capacity to serve both engines and are piped up so that should the filter or pump of either system be cut out of commission for cleaning or repairs the other system may serve both engines. The cups and fittings are of the needle valve type, so constructed that the glass reservoir of tlie oil cup is not under pressure, but the oil supply and pres- sure are against the needle valve. Each cup is independ- ent in its operation, so that in case one cup is out of order it will in no way affect the other cups of the system. The cups and fittings are so arranged that should the entire system be temporarily out of service the cups will operate as ordinary sight feed cups by sim- ply throwing the lever on top of the cup and filling by hand. This system insures ample lubrication at all times, with a minimum expense, since all oil is caught, returned to the oil filter and used over and over again. The engines made their trial run of nine hours up to speed the day they were started without showing any tendency to heat at any point. They have now been in successful operation about eight months, turning out a large tonnage of bars, beams, channels and other struc- tural shapes. —_——_o---____—_- A. L. Taylor, 9 California street, San Francisco, Cal., has succeeded the late S. R. Church as pig iron and coke merchant and dealer in foundry supplies and equipment. It may be noted that all the stock of Church’s book, “Analyses of Pig Iron,” and the plates, were destroyed in the San Francisco disaster, so that copies are no longer available. November 1, 1906 Petroleum Pruductioa in 1905. W. T. Griswold of the United States Geological Sur- vey has prepared, under the supervision of Dr. David T. Day, a report on the production of petroleum, from which the following extracts are taken: During the year 1905 the oil fields of the United States THE IRON AGE 114) order to understand the relation of production to demand and consumption. Of the production of the year 1905 70,474,078 barrels are from the Gulf and California fields. This is almost exactly the quantity by which the production of the year 1905 exceeds that of the year 1900. The petroleum of the Gulf and California fields is of the heavier variety Fig. 4.—The Outboard Pillow Block for the Roughing Mill produced 134,717,580 barrels of petroleum, as against 117,080,960 barrels in 1904. This production was greater by 17,636,620 barrels than that of any previous year. The production of petroleum in the United States has more ZA 0 0 sf _— ~~ 9G of XO ° \e tg, \ . ° \ b | 1 I \ ° | Ww) THE IRON AGE Fig. 5.—Details of the Low Pressure Piston. than doubled within the last six years. The increase is in the heavier grades of the fuel class, the production of lighter or illuminating oils having remained constant. It is significant, however, that the value of the oil pro- THE (RON AGE Fig. 6.—Sectional Detai) of the Bull Rings of the High Pressure Piston. duction for the year 1905 was $17,018,056 less than for the year 1904. The 117,080,960 barrels of oil produced in 1904 were valued at $101,175,455, whereas the 134,717,580 barrels of 1905 are rated at only $84,157,399. A simple statement of the number of barrels of petro- leum taken from .the earth each year no longer shows the condition of the business. The kind and quality of the oil produced must now be taken into consideration in Engine. and has a residue of asphaltum. Oil of this quality, although capable of producing a small percentage of il- luminating oil, is principally valuable as a fuel. The con- sumption of heavy oils must therefore depend on the de- mand for this kind of fuel. The growth of this demand is bound to take time. The present price of petroleum of the Gulf and Cali- fornia type is no determination of its value. For a period of five years the production in this quarter has been faster than the rate at which the commercial world could adjust itself to the use of the new fuel. It is im- probable that this great increase in production can go on indefinitely, and as the steady increase in the con- sumption of oil for heat making purposes is an assured fact an adjustment between production and consumption must needs come soon. The consumption of illuminating oil from 1894 to 1903 slightly exceeded the production. The stocks held by the large pipe line companies, which amounted to 33,772,82% barrels at the end of the year 1897, were reduced to 20,772,823 barrels at the end of the year 1903. During the year 1904 there was a consumption of 55,968,171 bar- rels against a production of 61,715,278 barrels, and in duction of 63,855,710 barrels. These two years caused an increase in the stocks held of 8,717,140 barrels. The rank of States in the production of petroleum varies according to whether the standard of rank is the quantity or the value of the oil produced. The largest quantity of oil produced by any State in the Union is to the credit of California, which produced 33,427,473 barrels of oil in 1905, or 24.81 per cent. of the total output. Next comes Texas, with 28,136,189 barrels, or 20.89 per cent. of the total, and third Ohio, with 16,346,660 barrels, or 12.13 per cent. of the whole. When the States are arrayed in the order of value of production the positions are materially changed. Ohio, with a production valued at $17,054,877, or 20.27 per cent. of the total value, stands first. West Virginia, which is fifth in the matter of quantity, with an output worth $16,132,631, or 19.17 per cent. of the whole, stands second and Pennsylvania, with oil valued at $14,653,278, or 17.41 per cent. of the total value, comes third, while California drops to the fifth place, with oil valued at $8,201,846, or 9.74 of the total. 1142 THE IRON AGE November 1, 1906 The Bethlehem Steel Company’s Recent Extensions. Extensive additions and improvements are being made to the Bethlehem Steel Company’s works at South Beth- lehem, Pa., among which the most important is a new plant consisting of open hearth furnaces, structural mills and rail mill. This will be known as the Saucon plant and is located at the eastern end of-the present.works. It will produce special wide flange rolled .beams, rolled girders and rolled column shapes of H section and open hearth and nickel steel rails, open hearth billets, I-beams, channels, angles and other standard structural shapes. The company contemplates and has arranged for the ex- penditure of $12,000,000 to cover the cost of the new plant, including the improvements: to the present blast furnace plant and raw material storage and handling facilities that will be required to’ meet the demand of the new open hearth plant for an increased pig iron production. Before passing to a description of:the new plant and improvements coritiected with it brief mention will be made of the most ‘important recent Additions to the Present Works of the company, which are now about complete, but have no relation to the new plant. A new crucible steel plant for making special high- speed tool steel and other high grade special alloys of steel is completed and in operation. ‘Phere are-two 30- pot crucible furnaces, a forge department with necessary hammer equipment, and’a small rolling mill now under construction, which will contain a 12-in. roughing train of rolls and an 8-in. finishing mill. A new drop forge shop, two stories, 64 x 350 ft., is completed and in operation. The equipment consists of four 5,000-lb. steam drop hammers, a number of smaller hammers, die sinking machines and necessary tools for finishing forgings. This shop, for medium size and smail forgings, in connection with the older and heavy forging equipment, completes the forging capacity of the works, so that the company is now in position to make and finish a full line of forgings ranging from the smallest, under 1 lb. in weight, to the largest and heaviest forging made in the world, with a finished weight of 50 tons or more. A machine shop expressly equipped for the manufac- ture of large hydraulic presses, shears, pumps, saws and all classes of special heavy machinery is just completed and in operation. The building is 122 x 350 ft., three stories high, of brick and exceptionally heavy skeleton steel construction. The middle bay is 50 ft. wide and 60 ft. high, extending to the third floor, and is used for the erection of heavy machinery. The second floor consists of two side galleries 36 ft. above the ground floor. All parts of the building are served by electric traveling cranes. Improvements in the Present Works now being made in connection with the new plant in- clude increased blast furnace capacity needed to meet the requirements of the new open hearth plant, this being pro- vided by an additional new 600-ton furnace, with stack 100 ft. high and 22-ft. bosh, equipped with electric skip hoist and having five McClure stoves 22 x 100 ft. This new furnace is now nearing completion. When it is in operation three of the present blast furnaces will be rebuilt of the same size, the construction and equipment being in every way similar to those of the new furnace, thus con- siderably more than doubling the pig iron producing ca- pacity of the present plant. A circular casting machine of new design, 125 ft. in diameter, with 180 molds, is being erected to handle the additional pig iron production. The blast furnace power plant is being increased by the addition of 10 batteries of Aultman-Taylor boilers, of 600 hp. each, arranged to burn the surplus gas from the furnaces. Three new blowing engines, 44 and 84 x $4 x 60 in, of the horizontal vertical cross compound type, having the air tubs in a vertical position, are in The New Saucon Plant and the Special Shapes to Be Rolled. course of construction by the Southwark Foundry & Ma- chine Company. A central condensing plant is being con- structed to take care of these three new blowing engines, as well as the seven old ones now in operation. A Weiss condenser of large capacity, having a 72-in. exhaust con- nection, is being installed for this purpose. Additional electric power required for the increased demand of the blast furnace department, as well as for the increased needs of other departments of the old works, will be fur- nished by two new 1000-kw. electric generators driven by ‘direct connected cross compound condensing engines, These engines will also exhaust into the new central con- densing plant. A power house extension, 60 x 266 ft., of brick and steel construction, and provided with a 25-ton electric crane, will contain the new engines and generators. Ladd & Baker, Philadelphia, Pa., are consulting engineers for the blast furnace improvements. A complete new system for handling raw material is being constructed consisting of an ore bridge of 550 ft. span and a car dumping apparatus capable of dumping two cars of material at a time. A double track elevated stee] trestle 4% mile long, crossing over the existing yard tracks, is being built to connect the’ storage yard with the blast furnaces. Raw material will be transferred on this trestle-in 60-ton electric tram cars to the storage __bins at the furnaces,_ The storage yard will have a ca- pacity for 550,000 tons of ore, 150,000 tons of coal and coke and 60,000 tons of stone. Hoover & Mason, Chicago, Ill., are-the designers and contractors for the storage yard bins and transfer improvements. The New Steel Works and Rolling Mill Plant is situated about a mile east of the blast furnaces. Thir- ty-five-ton ladle cars will be used to transfer molten metal from the blast furnaces to the open-hearth furnaces at the new plant. Fig. 1 shows the general plan and ar- rangement of the new works, with an additional plant of 10 open hearth furnaces, with gas house and storage yard, indicated by broken lines, which, however, will not be built at present. The open hearth building is 158 x 891 ft. and con- tains 10 50-ton open hearth basic furnaces. The furnaces will have 15 x 385 ft. hearths, with exceptionally strong binding. The erection of these furnaces is well under way and they are expected to be completed in January, 1907. A 250-ton hot metal mixer will be installed. The hot metal will be handled by two 60-ton electric ladle eranes over the charging floor. Two Morgan low-type electric charging machines will be used for charging the furnaces. On the pouring floor 70-ton ladles will be used and three 100-ton ladle cranes, built by the Alliance Engineering Company, will be employed for handling these ladles. The gas house, 23 x 844 ft., contains 45 Laughlin gas producers, 10 ft. 3 in. in diameter by 14 ft. high, with 18%-in. lining. There are thus nine gas producers pro- vided for each two open hearth furnaces. The gas house has overhead coal bins and is equipped with Heyl & Pat- terson coal conveying and ash handling apparatus. The scrap storage yard is 84 x 900 ft., covered by three 10-ton electric cranes. Space is left for an increased scrap storage by adding two parallel yards of the same size when the future enlargement of the plant makes it necessary. From the stripper building, which will be equipped with an electric stripper crane of 100 tons capacity, the ingots will be taken to the pit furnace building. There will be six 4-hole soaking pits commanded overhead by two 10-ton electric charging cranes. Gas will be supplied by 20 producers of the same size and type as those in the open hearth gas house. Electric buggies will convey the ingots to the blooming mill tables. The 46-in. blooming mill is for the Grey patent beam mills and will be driven by a 40 and 66 x 54 in. twin tandem ea Oo < Zz O — fe c H November 1, 1906 ‘Bd ‘WoeYyslTIeg Ynoyg 1e ‘Xuvdwo,) [eos waqelqieg 947 Jo JuB[q WoonRg MaN ay) JO uvlq [ehauey SHOVEL JONVS MOUYVN SSLVOIGNI “ON SHOVEL JONVS GUVONVLS S3LVOIONI “O'S *3LON 39V NOU! JHL SNOISN3LX3 G3SO0d0ud b+\- j | GuVA ONIddIHS | anvuo ‘ wOi OF aNvuO NOs 8 anyuo [NOL St anvuo | NOL 98) ONIHSINIS WwansLone.s BINILHOIVELS Stiva "o°o — GNV 35vyOLS | iii Raia anvuo | . : . Twos oF Y} anvuo 1 wOi OF | ou BNVHD "LOL uaNn BLMOIV “is q | “4d30 ONIHSINIS Vive a0vuoi8 13716 Lanne ZOVUOLS dvuOS 000 O00000 awinown | | OniDUuvHO | J vy 4 0-1-0847 +891" + ,aNIOWS anvud *L 09 5 | aninown Ow rouvHo —_— “H'O_4 08 } BNVHO |IWOA O08 “HO -1-09 HLYV3H N3IdO d 8 . 3S8NOH W308 ~<— 29 ; . B3ENBONOO © ‘lawion’ z : t LaNtONna 1 TH 4 BNVUO “LOt BAviGawEsiNI BNYBD |) VA ONINOOTE » he imu apr Ta exmfeizr § Sci. 4 HtH4 at ABUD BP SS - ° 6 OF VA Jive.se dOHS 1108 tes ond ad acreage zt aI ARTE aG | 7 | S:4 se ily Omino0ig oF = i Y« errs. = | t [anions ~< BNIHOV A —— Oniusenvo = ++ + ANV ia 341n0100 BNYUO wdeauis “4,008 -ONI*VOS OGO000000 f &- oniawne »j 43deINL8 ! C000 —suz0NUOUd+++ 000000 le i 1144 THE IRON AGE compound reversing engine with geared connection. A modified Wellman-Kennedy manipulator will be used. Overhead the tables are commanded by two cranes, one of 10 tons capacity and the other of 25 tons capacity. A hydraulic shear is provided for cropping the ends of the blooms. After leaving the blooming mill the blooms proceed to the 48-in. Grey intermediate mill and then to the 48-in. Grey finishing mill without reheating. These two mills are universal mills and of similar construction. They will be driven each by 40 x 66 x 54 in, twin-tandem compound reversing engines, duplicates of the 46-in. blooming mill engine except that they are direct connect- ed. Overhead, the Grey mill tables will be commanded by two 10-ton electric cranes. Liberal hot bed area is provided for these mills. The Grey mill is expected to roll 1000 tons of beam shapes per day. From the straightener, driven roller tables extend the full width of the stock yard. The 46-in. blooming mill and the two 48- in. Grey mills are being constructed by the Bethlehem Steel Company in its own shops, the engines for these mills being furnished by the William Tod Company. Standard beams from 8 in. to 24 in. will be rolled on the Grey mill; also special wide flange beams from 8 in. to 30 in. deep, the latter with flanges 15 in. wide, and rolled column sections of H shape from 8 x 8 in. to 15 x 15 in. outside dimensions. Further mention will be made of <—- — 10,50 — —4 | | 3 | November 1, 1906 the engine, which is being built by the Mesta Foundry & Machine Company. The 28-in. rail mill is a combination three-length rail and structural mill, arranged to roll structural shapes if desired. The roughing train is driven by a 32 and 56 x 50 in. twin-tandem compound reversing engine. The finish- ing and intermediate trains are driven by a 44 and 76 x 60 in. Corliss engine. Both these engines are being furnished by the Mesta Foundry & Machine Company. The tables on the finishing side of the mill are commanded by an overhead 10-ton electric crane. With the exception of the engines the United Engineering & Foundry Com- pany is furnishing the mill complete with tables, saws and hot bed. The capacity of the mill will be 1000 tons of rails per day. It will be noted from the general plan that the two blooming mills are placed abreast of each other in a transept of the mill building containing an overhead 50- ton Alliance electric crane, which thus serves both bloom- ing mills and their engines. The space between the mills is used as a roll shop, also served by the same crane. In a like manner the Grey intermediate mill, the 28-in. struc- tural mill and the 28-in. rail mill are placed abreast of one another in another transept of the mill building in which there is an overhead 50-ton electric crane serving all three mills and their engines. In the transept over the 0.42—> Ad 0.47, y 1.001 [ » 1a) | an . ees iim oe ee eh Ce eked Cae" if. Fig. 2.—24-In. I-Beam, Fig. 3.—15-In. Girder Fig. 4.—30-In. Girder ig. 5.—Rolled 12-In. Fig. 6.—Method of In- 72 Lb. Per Foot. Beam, 73 Lb. Per Foot. Beam, 200 Lb. Per Foot. H Column, creasing Area of Rolled H Columns. The New Bethlehem Structural Shapes. these special rolled shapes, which will constitute the prin- cipal output of this mill. The 40-in. blooming mill will serve the structural mill and the rail mill. It is driven by an exact duplicate of the engine for the 46-in. blooming mill. A Wellman-Ken- nedy manipulator will be used. Two hydraulic shears will be installed for shearing the blooms. The tables are commanded overhead by a 10-ton crane on the approach side and a 25-ton crane on the finishing side. The Mesta Foundry & Machine Company is building this mill with tables and equipment complete except the engine, which is being furnished by the William Tod Company. The blooms will be transferred from the shears by an over- head 10-ton crane to the continuous furnaces, two of which are provided for.the structural mill and two for supplying the rail mill. The 28-in. structural mill is a three-high mill with three stands of rolls, arranged to be operated as a two- high mill if desired, and is intended for rolling standard beams and channels up to 15 in. deep, and angles from 3 in. to 8 in. inclusive, and will have a capacity of 400 tons of shapes per day. Tables are provided for each stand of rolls. The mill wil) be driven by a 32 x 56 x 50 in. twin-tandem compound reversing engine controlled by an automatic governor when the engine is not run as a re- versing engine. A 10-ton overhead electric crane com- mands the tables on the finishing side of the mill. The United Engineering & Foundry Company is furnishing the mill with tables. shears, hot bed, &c.. complete, except \ Grey finishing mill a 40-ton electric crane serves the mill and its engine, The rail finishing building will be 60 x 400 ft., with an overhead 10-ton electric crane. There also will be a structural finishing shop, 120 x 500 ft., with four 25-ton electric cranes and equipped with punches, riveters, mul- tiple drills and facing machines for working the wide flange beam and rolled column sections. Storage and Power Equipment, Considerable space has been apportioned to the stor- age and shipping yard for structural shapes and rails, the object being to afford ample room to carry a large tonnage in stock, as well as to provide adequate shipping facilities. The yard is 713 x 800 ft. and will be served for the present by 13 84-ft. cranes, each of 10-ton capac- ity. Additional cranes and runways will be added as they become necessary. The power equipment of the new plant consists of a boiler house, 95 x 400 ft., containing 18,000 hp. of Stir- ling water tube boilers, in batteries of 1000 hp. each, set in a double row with an elevated track between for handling the coal supply. The boilers will be equipped with fan blowers for burning anthracite coal. The power house, 40 x 160 ft., will contain electric generators for 1700 kw., and the pump house, 40 x 160 ft., will contain the hydraulic pressure pumps, feed water heaters and pumps. Two central condensing plants will be installed, the exhaust steam from the mill engines and hig the ens pla for hes op¢ sh November 1, 1906 THE power engines being about equally divided between the two systems. Each system will have an independent cen- trifugal pump in the new pumping station at the river, driven by a steam engine, and the return water from the condensers will be utilized in return turbines which will assist these engines to drive the centrifugal pumps. A third pump and engine will be provided as a reserve. The pumping station and intake is being constructed along the Lehigh River, and besides the centrifugal pumps men- tioned before will contain two Snow high duty pumps, each of 12,000,000-gal. daily capacity, for the general water supply of both the old and new works. A steel standpipe of 500,000-gal. capacity will be erected on the high ground between the two plants and connected with the water supply system of each. Henry Grey & Son, New York City, are the consulting engineers for the entire plant. All the work on the new plant is well advanced. Practically all the foundations for the buildings and machinery are in place. The open hearth furnaces are being built. The steel work for the open hearth building, gas house, and boiler house is be- 12° H COLUMNS TABLE SHOWING METHOD OF VARYING THE SECTIONS OIMENSIONS IN INCHES } AXIS \xX AxIs YY —E —— y - WEIGHT | AREA j SECTION! © pe, io RADIUS |SECTION| RADIUS |sE oe NUMBER } | FOOT |SECTION! (7 t db w or es | GYRATIONMODULUSSBYR4 TION MODULL 7? Y 7 40.0] 11.76 | 1136 | 36 | 8.00} .83 | 4.90 | 491 | LoL | 10.7 45.0| 13.23] 115% | %e | 8.04) .387 | 4.92 | 55.2] 1.92 | 12.2 i | i } | 48.1| 14.16 11% | he | 9.00| .86 | 4.98 | 60.5 | 2.19 | 15.0 | { ‘ eee $Q- i.) Ani indlciiimiaitiln ies 55.6| 15.75 | 11% Se | «8.04 ) 40 5.01 67.3 | 2.20 | 16.9 | | H 127 57.4| 16.89) 11% | % | 10.00) .40 | 5.05 73.3 | 2.46 20.4 63.3 | 18.61 My | “ae | 10.04) 44 | 5.08 | 80.8] 2.47 | 22.7 | | 67.1} 19.74} 11% \ 11.00} 43 | 5.12 | 87.3 | 2.74 26.9 F384) 21.00) 120 | % | LLOF) 47 | 51S | 95.5 12.75 | 29.7 = — 4 1 4 = + , « ! | 22.04/12 | % |12.00| .47 | 5.18 | 102.6 | 3.01 4.7 84.7 | 24.92 | 12% | %e | 12.04) .51 | 521 | 1115/3085 | 37.9 91.3 | 26.92 | 12'4 76 | 12.08) 55 | Sed | 120.5 | 3.04 {1.3 98.3 | 28.92) 123s | ' 2.12) 9 | 5.27 | 129.6) 3.u6 i, 105.2 | 30.94} 123 12.16| .63 | 5.30 | 138.6} 3.07 | 43.0 l 112.1 | 82.96) 12% 14} 12.20} .67 | 5.33 118.6} 34.87/ 12% | L's | 12.28) .70 | 5.86 36.91) 1276 | 1%s| 12.27! .74 | 5.38 | 166.2) 3.11 | 58.3 38.97 | 13 14 | 12.81] .73 | 541 | 179.6) 313 | GLY Fig. 7.—Table Showing Various Sections of 12-In. H Columns. ing erected. The steel work for the mill buildings is be- ing furnished by the McClintic-Marshall Construction Company. When these mills are placed in operation the Bethlehem Company will re-enter the field of rail manu- facture with a line of open hearth steel rails from 60 Ib. upward, and will make a specialty of nickel steel and other special steels—a field from which it retired 10 years ago when it discontinued the rolling of Bessemer rails—and will for the first time enter the field of struc- tural steel production, not only with a full line of stand- ard structural shapes, but also with a system of special shapes that, it is claimed, will facilitate and cheapen the cost of steel construction. The Grey Universal Beam Mill. The most interesting feature of the new works will be the Grey beam mill, which is a universal mill. Instead of the horizontal grooved rolls of the ordinary beam mill the Grey mill has separate horizontal and vertical rolls. These form the web and flanges of an I-beam shape by combined rolling operations acting at right angles, there- by making it possible to produce larger and wider flanges than can be rolled by the ordinary beam mill, in which the web is the only part of the shape formed by a true rolling process and the flanges are actually formed by the crowding or dragging of the metal through the flange grooves, necessarily limiting the size of the flange. A Grey beam mill has been in successful operation since 1902 at. the Differdingen Works of the German-Lux- emburgian Mining & Rolling Mill Company, near Lux- IRON AGE 1145 emburg, Germany, producing beams from 10 in. to 30 in. in depth, with flanges from 10 in. to 12 in. wide. Such sections in regard to their and properties of strength have great advantages for structural work over beams of existing standard form. The wide flange beams can be used instead of riveted or built up sections for many structural purposes with an economy in weight of material or with a material and labor. Beam sections produced by the Grey mill have a uniform amount of reduction in the rolling on all parts of the shape. This is not the rolled on the ordinary mill. Especially the larger sizes of beams rolled by the usual method show great variation in quali- ty of material between the webs and flanges, due to the difference in the work of reduction of the. metal during rolling, indicating a condition of internal stress existing shape saving of both case in beams THE (RON AGE Fig. 8.—Details of Splices and Connections for Rolled H Columns. in the shape caused by the unequal deformation of the metal in the rolling process. Beams of all sizes and shapes rolled by the Grey mill show a uniformity in qual- ity of material throughout the section, indicating an equal- ity of work of reduction in the rolling without unequal deformation, and consequently, an absence of internal stress. At Differdingen the finished from the blooms on a single Grey mill. At Bethlehem there will be two Grey mills—each driven by a separate engine—one mill for roughing and the other for finishing. This ar- rangement will obviously give an increased capacity to the mill. Not only special or wide flange beams will be rolled on this mill, but also beams of standard shape. beams are The Bethlehem Special Shapes are designed to meet the requirements of American struc- tural practice. Three distinct types of shapes will be pro- vided, viz.: Special I-beam sections, girder beam sections and rolled column sections of H shape. It is known to those familiar with the design of beam 1146 than is required for an economical section; but with the ordinary rolling method it is not practical to reduce the thickness of the web. With the Grey mill, however, the web can be made of the desired thickness and by adding part of the metal thus saved to the flanges the strength of the section will be preserved, with the result of a diminished weight of section for the same strength. The Bethlehem special I-beams will have the same section modulus or coefficient of strength as standard beams of corresponding depth, but by reason of the better propor- tion and distribution of metal between web and flange the weight of the special beams will be 10 per cent. less than that of the standard sections. Fig. 2 shows a Beth- lehem special I-beam 24 in. deep, weighing 72 lb. per ft. This section has the same coefficient of strength as a standard 24-in. beam which weighs 80 Ib. per ft., thereby effecting a saving of 8 lb. per ft. or an economy of 10 per cent. in weight. In the relatively few cases where thicker webs are needed the section may be increased in the usual manner. For equal coefficients of strength the Bethlehem special beams will be 10 per cent. lighter than standard sections. The Bethlehem girder beam sections up to 24 in. in depth have a coefficient of strength or section modulus equal to that of two standard beams of the same depth, but the girder beam weighs about 12% per cent. less than the combined weight of the two standard sections. Fig. 3 shows a girder beam 15 in. deep, the weight of which is 73 lb. per ft., and which has the same coefficient of strength as two standard 15-in. I-beams, each weighing 42 lb. per ft. This girder beam weighs 11 Ib. per ft. less than the two standard beams, or an economy of 13 per cent. in weight, without taking into account the saving in separators, which would add 2% lb. per ft. to the assem- bled girder of standard beams. The total economy in fa- vor of the girder beam is therefore about 16 per cent. in weight, beside the saving in cost of handling and assem- bling the ordinary standard beams into a girder. Large girder beams from 24 in. to 30 in. deep will be rolled for use instead of riveted girders. Fig. 4 shows a 30-in. girder shape weighing 200 Ib. per ft., the largest size of beam it is intended to roll at present. These beams of larger size than any now rolled in this country can be used to,advantage as girders for buildings, crane runways, bridges and for many other purposes where otherwise riveted girders would be required, with a sav- ing in weight or in cost of fabrication, and frequently with an economy in both items. These special wide flange beam and girder sections may be used for columns for mill buildings and other purposes to advantage, but a separate line of rolled col- umn sections of H shape will be provided, specially de- signed to fill the requirements of columns for building construction. Seven sizes of these sections will be pro- vided, from 8 x 8 in. to 14 x 14 in., inclusive, varying by inches. Fig. 5 shows the nominal initial shape of the 12-in. H column. The section is increased or diminished in the manner shown in Fig. 6 by proportionate spread- ing of the rolls, an operation the mill is designed to per- form mechanically. By this method, for instance, the 12-in. column section shown in Fig. 5 can be varied, fur- nishing a series of similar sections from 11.76 sq. in., in- creasing by successive increments to an area of 79.06 sq. in. without change of main rolls. The table, Fig. 7, shows part of the variation of a 12-in. column as an illus- tration. Thus the columns for an ordinary 12 or 15 story building can be selected with the proper areas to suit the variations of load, and by using sections of similar shape throughout, the columns for the entire building can be made at the same rolling without change of rolls, secur- ing a promptness of delivery from the mill unobtainable in the present system of column construction, where nu- merous sizes and shapes are needed to cover the same range of strength. Ingots of large size will be used in the manufacture of these sections, so that the work of reduction in rolling the shapes, especially the heavier sections, shall be sufficient to develop the proper ductil- ity of metal. The only fabrication required for these rolled column sections is to provide for splices and connections. The « THE IRON shapes that the webs of the standard shapes are thicker AGE November 1, 190 shop work on a two-story length of rolled H colum: with details of the type shown by Fig. 8 requires only ‘ holes and the driving of only 13 shop rivets. An equ riveted column made of channels and plates requires t! handling of four shapes, punching 520 holes and drivin 240 shop rivets to build it into an assembled shape. I the case of the rolled column with thick metal the hok require to be drilled; but as the only holes needed are fo the splices and connections—generally groups of hole with similar spacing-the work can be performed eco nomically with a gang drill making all the holes of group at a single operation. Even in the common riveted construction with punched holes good workmanship re quires that the holes for splices and connections shal be reamed to templet or with parts assembled to secure proper fitting between connecting parts. This is accom- plished in the one operation when the holes are drilled In general, from one-half to two-thirds the cost of fabri cation of built-up riveted columns can be saved by the use of the rolled column sections, The company has in preparation and will issue shortly a hand book, which will give in complete form the di- mensions, weights, and properties of all the shapes it will roll. The Bethlehem special structural shapes will be an innovation in steel construction, greatly extending the range of application of rolled steel shapes with a simpli- fication of detail and an improvement in structural de- sign. Their saving in weight of material, and their de- creased cost of fabrication, handling and erection will effect a material reduction in the cost of steel frame con- struction. ———-- +e An Improvised Auto Truck. The problem of handling the large amount of stock which is received mostly in small packages and at Inter- mittent periods has been neatly solved by one of the Cleve- land automobile factories, the Royal Motor Company. The factory is located about three miles from the principal freight depots and supply houses, which distance must frequently be covered for-a load of only a few pounds. The waste of time and money is a matter of consider- able moment, as will be appreciated when several trips are often made for small loads, the team and driver sometimes spending a whole day in making four or five trips and hauling only a few hundred pounds. Two years ago an old four-cylinder chassis that had been used in demonstrating was put in order and a box at- tached to the frame. An intelligent colored man was taught to run the car and it was put in service, doing errands, hauling merchandise from the freight depots, &c. This extemporized auto-truck has brought into the Royal shop nearly 50 per cent. of all the merchandise which goes to make up the Royal cars and at about one- half the cost of horse drawn drays. It is able to make ten times as many trips as were formerly possible, costs less to keep in service and is always ready for business. In fact this car, which started as a makeshift, has be- come a necessity. It is to be continued in service in its present condition to determine its durability and life, the intention being to deny it repairs or attention until it fails. ee The practice of slightly offsetting the center line of gasoline engine cylinders with respect to the axis of the crankshaft has been adopted by a number of the leading French automobile manufacturers. This practice is said to have originated with the Westinghouse Machine Com- pany in 1886, when it first placed on the market its two cylinder, high speed, single acting steam engine, fitted with trunk pistons. The result of offsetting the cylinder is that the side pressure of the piston on the cylinder wall, due to the thrust of the connecting rod, is decreased during the power stroke and increased during the com- pression stroke. The compression pressure being much lower than the expansion pressure, the Increase in side pressure during the compression stroke is of less im- portance than is the decrease in side pressure during the power stroke. The result should show a decrease in the wear on the cylinder. November 1, 1906 The Sherman Antitrust Law Analyzed. Charles G. Dawes of Chicago, former Comptroller of the Currency, made an address on the Sherman Antitrust law last week before the National Association of Life Underwriters at St. Louis, of which the following is an abstract: The Sherman Antitrust law makes every contract in restraint of trade criminal under the law, irrespective of whether it is really criminal. An agreement in re- straint of trade may be beneficial to the public. If com- petitors agree to compete only in the sale of pure goods as distinguished from adulterated goods, this agreement in restraint of trade is of great public benefit. Those contracts in restraint of trade which have for their ob- ject the maintenance of high standards in manufactured products, the abolition of deception in sales, the preven- tion of undue collections of perishable merchandise at points where the demand cannot possibly equal the sup- ply, so that a loss and waste are the result, such con- tracts in restraint of trade are publicly beneficial. The contracts in restraint of trade which have for their purpose the extorting of an unreasonable price are in- jurious to the public and should remain under the ban of the law. But even an agreement among competitors not to sell below cost may in some instances be of public benefit, as preserving a larger area of reasonable competi- tion. Certainly we have heard much complaint recently about the large corporations selling below cost in par- ticular localities in order to destroy the local competitor, and thus be enabled later to exercise a monopoly and raise prices higher than ever. Micn Sometimes Combine to Exist, Not to Extort, Certain agreements in restraint of trade are for the purpose of preventing the destruction of competi