The Iron Age 1906-06-21: Vol 77 Iss 25

THE IRON AGE New York, Thursday, June 21, 1906. The Gleason Bevel Gear Generator. Among machine tools there is perhaps no one class more interesting than that intended for the cutting of gears. A striking thing about these machines is their diversity of character, even among those designed for cutting the same kind of gears, and nearly all of them embody ingenious movements that it is profitable to study. This applies principally to machines that are strictly gear cutters. Many varieties of gears are now produced on milling machines by the use of formed cut- ters, but the work they execute only approximates that - which is theoretically perfect. Machines that are solely designed for gear cutting, many as they are, have been they are in action the work and tools are rolled, con- stantly changing the point of contact, maintaining the correct relation so that the proper form of tooth curve results. The views given in the illustrations show every part from at least two points of view, and by comparing them the form and purpose of the several parts may be easily comprehended. Fig. 1 shows the complete machine from the rear or driving side, with some of the attachments and gauges which are included in the complete equipment. Moving around the machine to the right, Fig. 2 shows a view of the working side, and about the position occupied > - a © THE IRON AGE Fig. 1—The New Bevel Gear Generator Built by the Gleason Works, Rochester, N. Y. the development of but a comparatively few inventors and practically without exception these men have de- voted long years of study to the one subject. Those who have followed the progress of the art are familiar with the name of one of these, James Gleason of the Gleason Works, Rochester, N. Y., the designer of the machine il- lustrated, which is one intended solely for the cutting of bevel gears. A special importance attaches to this machine inas- much as it is the successful achievement of an ideal sought by all; that is, the generating of the gear rather than its cutting by formed cutters or form guides. Bevel gears are difficult to produce by this method, inasmuch as the teeth are not of uniform thickness and depth. For cutting spur gears there are already machines which per- form theoretically perfect work, and the hobbing method of making worm wheels is also ideal. In the new Gleason gear generator the tools used have straight cutting edges and are reciprocated as is the tool of a shaper, and while by the operator. Still moving to the right, Fig. 3 shows an adjacent quarter, and Fig. 4 the other quarter view of the rear side. The latter view indicates more clearly than any other the relation of the tools to the work. To avoid confusion like reference letters refer to the same parts on all views. Before describing the machine in detail it would be in logical order to first explain the object sought by the combination of movements; that is, what takes place in the region of the work, inasmuch as the movements them- selves are somewhat complicated, and it is believed they will be better understood by such a procedure. While the machine is capable of making a finished gear from a smooth blank it is better practice, for the sake of more rapid and accurate work and to decrease the frequency of regrinding the tools, to take a rough cut on the blank in another machine, removing most of the surplus metal between the teeth. The work A is then mounted on the arbor, which is a combination of two spindles one within er. ee oe ae . eae aaa | | | 4 z. spicier nemcshiligeaies se ecoamcty-ine: dita tat ik: Ns NN, RE He ia = I< - i ete Othe cde aliae ee are re a a HA Mie Ldt Oe WIE, ns ws 1968 THE IRON AGE June 21, 1906 the other. The inner and outer spindle revolve together. the line of travel of the tools is continually changing except during the act of indexing. During the cutting of | with the rise and fall of the arm B, the correct relation is a single tooth the two together are partly rotated by the maintained between the work and the tools, so that the aN 3 a bs | $d a C4 Uae THEIRONAGE Fig. 2.—-The Gleason Bevel Gear Generator as Seen from the Operating Side. Fig. 3.—Another View of the Operating Side of the Gleascn Bevel Gear Generator curved arm B. This same arm supports the gpides for direction of the cut is always radial and correctly reg- the tools at their outer ends, and the rocking of the tools istered. is about a center that is coincident with the axis of the The two tools shown at C reciprocate in opposite direc- gear blank produced. It will be seen then that although tions with respect to each other and sufficiently rapidly June 21, 1906 so that a comparatively small amount of metal is re- moved at each cut, and the resulting involute curve even though a succession of tangents is practically a smooth curve. During the indexing the tools are withdrawn, and immediately thereafter begin their work on the pitch line of the teeth. At this time the arm B is at the mid- point of its stroke. It first descends and simultaneously one of the tools cuts the flank of the tooth while the other cuts the face, this continuing while the arm B goes to its lower limit of movement and back to the center. As the arm continues past the center on its upward movement the first tool cuts the face of the tooth and the other the flank. The cutting action ceases when the arm returns to its mid position, where it pauses while the tools are with- drawn from the work and the work is indexed into posi- tion for the cutting of the next tooth. All the movements are obtained from a shaft carrying the driving pulley D at the rear of the machine. This shaft is connected by bevel gears with the shaft E, which Fig. 4.—The Driving Side of the drives the indexing mechanism, and in the center of the machine bevel gears connect with a vertical shaft, which drives the mechanism for reciprocating the tools, and the main driving shaft continuing through the machine operates the cams and associated mechanism for oscillat- ing the curved arm B, withdrawing the tools between in- dexing and actuating the knock-off, which sets fhe index- ing mechanism in action. - The indexing mechanism is driven from the shaft E by a bevel gear splined on the shaft and held in proper relation to the mechanism it drives when the work head is adjusted, by the arm R attached to the head. The driven bevel gear is of a telescopic shaft with a second series of bevel gears which drive a worm engaging a worm wheel on the shaft with a differential movement. The mechanism up to this point runs continuously and be- tween the indexing operations one member of the differ- ential is stationary while the other continues to revolve. At the instant that the. knock-off acts the formerly sta- tionary member of the differential rotates, the other re- maining for the time being stationary, and through the spur gears, F, and a worm connected with the last in the train the worm wheel G, mounted on the inner spindle, is rotated an amount corresponding to the pitch of the teeth of the work. The worm wheel G, the spur gears F and THE IRON AGE 1969 the differential oscillate as a unit about the spindle center with each movement of the arm B, hence the need of a telescopic shaft between these parts and the shaft E. The gears F are interchangeable to produce different amounts of indexing for gears of different diameters and numbers of teeth. The last gear in the train F is con- nected by a clutch with the worm shaft driving the worm wheel on the inner work spindle, so that the work may be rotated independently of the indexing mechanism by a crank placed on the squared end of the worm shaft. The mechanism for reciprocating the tools, which is driven from the short vertical shaft in the center of the machine, includes a short horizontal shaft bevel gear driven from the vertical shaft and train of spur gears, transmitting the motion to a crank which through a rack oscillates a pinion on the same shaft with another pinion between the cutter tool slides. These cutter slides have racks on their facing sides which mesh with the pinion between them, so that the pinion rotating in one direction THE IRON AGE Gleason Bevel Gear Generator or the other reciprocates them in opposite directions. For convenience this pinion will be designated as the driving pinion and the one on the shaft as the driven pinion. The reversing motion which the driven pinion receives is obtained from the rack pivotally connected wth the crank H. The rack has a combined oscillating and reciprocating motion and is supported in a rocking’ guide pivoted on the same center as the pinion, so that the rack and pinion are always engaged. The crank H has a variable throw regulated by a screw, so that it may be varied according to the length of stroke required of the cutters, which in turn depends upon the width of the gear face being cut. The guides for the cutter slides are adjustable in their angular relation to one another to al- low for cutting gears of different diameters or different pitch. The center about which the guides are adjusted is coincident with the center of the pinion driving the racks on the cutter slides, so that the drive is not affected by changing the angular position of the guides. All parts of the machine associated with the cutters, including their guides and driving mechanism, are mounted on a base swiveled at a center coincident with the center of the ver- tical driving shaft, so that this drive is not affected by revolving the tool head. Z The main driving shaft, which extends through the TT TL Te Saeed ate arta Ce — ereotse-serteait ements pi elated alls tasesscatilaaen se a mma = eee "a7o THE IRON AGE base of the machine, carries a worm driving the cam shaft shown at the front of the base in Figs. 2 and 3. The disk cam I through the follower on the lever J and the link K gives the oscillating movement to the curved arm B. This arm is pivotally supported at both extremities, the arbor end being feathered to the outer spindle of the work supporting head. This end of the arm B is held by the arm Q, Fig. 4, against endwise displacement when the tool spindle is adjusted axially by moving the work head. It is to be observed that the attachment between the ends of the cutter slide guides and the curved arm B is not a direct one. It obviously cannot be, since the axes of the guide frame and arm B are not coincident. Instead the connection is made through a crown gear at- tached to the outer end of the guide frame and an in- terchangeable segment gear connected to the arm. These segments are made with various radii, according to the point at which they are attached to the arms, to allow for cutting gears with different pitch cone angles. To reduce the required number of these segment gears each is made adjustable through a limited range within which its use is allowable. A slot in the segment allows this adjustment when the segment is attached to the arm by a bolt inserted in any one of the several holes shown in the arm B. This form of connecting, it will be seen, gives a positive movement with the proper relation be- tween the arm and guide frame and without play suffi- cient to affect the accuracy of the work. On the inside of the cam I is a trip which through a link and connection in the interior of the machine con- nects with the automatic throw-off O, Fig. 2, for starting the indexing mechanism. The cylindrical cam L, shown in Fig. 3, accomplishes the withdrawing of the tools from the work while the work is indexed. The action consists simply of rotating the table supporting the tool head, and is effected through a follower attached to the lever M. This lever is adjust- ably connected to the part N above it, to vary the throw and consequently the extent of the rotary movement. The part N carries an arm with a spur gear engaging a rack on the lower face of the tool head table. Through this gear a change in the angular position of the table with respect to the part N may be effected, but the amount of throw remains the same unless the adjusting screw in M is manipulated. To allow withdrawing the tools from the work during indexing it is obviously necessary that the guide frame be movable with respect to the crown gear part, as other- wise the crown gear would become disengaged from the segment on the arm B, and the guide frame would fall. The guide frame is therefore fitted with a dovetail joint between it and the crown gear piece, and the latter is adjustably supported from a fixed part of the bed by the arm R, With the machine are furnished printed instructions for the operator, with tables by the use of which he may determine at once without figuring, the proper gears for the indexing, the proper segment gear to use on the arm, the correct angle to set the arm, &c. In setting the machine for a job the operator puts the gear blank on the arbor, and by adjusting the work head longitudinally through the screw P, sets the blank with the assistance of a gauge, so that the apex of the pitch cone is directly over the center of the tool head table. The correct gears for the indexing to give the required pitch are mounted on the indexing head. The proper segment gear being loosely attached to the arm, the guide frame is adjusted to the required angle and the segment gear clamped in position. The length of throw of the lever J is adjusted to give sufficient oscillation to the arm B to cut a complete tooth. The guides of the tool slides are then adjusted to give the proper angle between the lines of travel of the tools, this being accomplished by manipulating a right and left hand screw between the ends of the guides. When the guides are correctly positioned they are clamped by bolts. The tools are brought up to the work by manip- ulating the pinion connected to the arm on the part N, which rotates the table, and the length of throw of M is made just sufficient to bring the tools out of the work and allow the indexing. The throw of the crank gear H is then adjusted to give the cutters long enough travel. June 21, 1906 The necessary gauges are furnished for setting the tools in the tool slide and for positioning the work with re- spect to the tools, and graduations are provided on the machine itself wherever they will assist in setting the parts. When cutting steel gears oil is used, and is obtained through an attachment and flexible hose leading from @ rotary oil pump driven from the shaft E on the base of the machine. ————_>+ o_——_ A New Standard Power Press. The geared single acting power press shown in the illustration is one of a redesigned line built by the Standard Machinery Company, Providence, R. I. The A New Geared Single Acting Power Press Built by the Standaré Machinery Company, Providence, R., I. tool is a powerful one. The slide is made with remov- able gibs, the connection is very heavy, and a positive ’ elutch has been substituted for the friction clutch for- merly used on this general type of machine. The ma- chine is built in five sizes, one heavier and the other three smaller than the one illustrated, which is known as the No. 5. All are furnished either plain or geared, as desired. In the machine shown the standard opening of bed is 9 x 10% inches; distance back from center of slide, 10% inches ; distance of bed to slide with stroke and adjustment up, 9 inches; standard stroké of slide, 1% inches; adjustment of slide, 1 inch. When not geared the weight of the press is 7000 pounds, the speed per min- ute 75 to 95 revolutions. The weight of the geared press is 8000 pounds, the speed per minute of balance wheel 150 revolutions, and the ratio of gearing 5 to 1. —_ > e—-— After an idleness of 15 months the sheet and tin plate mills of the Whitaker-Glessner Company, Wheeling, W. Va., have been started up. aie cee June 21, 1906 The Production of Abrasive Materials. WASHINGTON, D. C., June 19, 1906.—The annual re- port of the United States Geological Survey on the pro- duction of abrasive materials in 1905, which has been compiled by Joseph H. Pratt, shows an output valued at $1,427,780, which is an increase of $20,679 over the pro- duction of 1904. To the total value of natural abrasives thus given should be added that of artificial abrasives, which in 1905 was estimated at $701,400, as compared with $830,926 in 1904, a decrease of $129,526. Products Cut Into Forms Desired, The production of buhrstones and millstones in the United States during 1905 was valued at $37,974, a very slight increase over $37,338, the value in 1904. The pro- ‘duction of 1905 is only about one-third of what it was in 1887, at the time of the introduction of the roller mill process for grinding wheat flour. There were only four States reporting a production of buhrstones or millstones in 1905, with a total of 25 producers, as follows: New York, 14; Pennsylvania, 5; Virginia, 4; North Carolina, 2. The production of grindstones and pulpstones during 1905 was obtained from Ohio, Michigan, West Virginia, Montana, Missouri and Wyoming, given in the order of the value of their output. By far the largest quantity ‘came from Ohio. The total value of all kinds of grind- stones and pulpstones produced in 1905 was $777,606, which was $103,921 less than the value of the 1904 pro- duction. There were no new quarries that produced any oil- stones or scythestones during 1905, and the total produc- tion was from the old localities in Arkansas, Indiana, Michigan, New Hampshire, Ohio and Vermont. In New Hampshire and Vermont the material used in manufac- turing scythestones is a quartz schist, and in all the other States it is a sandstone which varies widely in texture; the novaculite variety, which is obtained from Arkansas, is the most valuable of any of the abrasives, and the de- mand for it is in some respects greater than the supply. Under this head are included all kinds of oilstones, whet- stones, water hones, knife sharpeners and all varieties of razor hones, dental points, &c. There was a decided in- <rease in the production of oilstones. and scythestones in the United States in 1905, as compared with the produc- tion in 1904, but it was far below the production of 1903. The value of the 1905 production was $244,346, which is an increase of $55,361, as compared with $188,985, the value of the production in 1904. As compared, however, with the 1903 production, the value of which was $366,- 857, it is a decrease of $122,511. In nearly every instance the producers of the materials used in the manufacture of oilstones and scythestones are also the manufacturers of the finished or marketable product, and in nearly every instance also, with the exception of the novaculite, the raw material would have no value whatever for shipment in the crude condition. It is the value of the finished stones, and not that of the raw material, that is given in these statistics. The States producing oilstones and scythestones, in the order of the value of their produc- tion, are as follows: Arkansas, New Hampshire, Ohio, Vermont, Indiana and Michigan. This is the same order as for 1904, with the exception that Kentucky reported no production in 1905 and that there was a small production from Michigan, which did not report any output for 1904. Production of Mechanically Separated Abrasives, Only a very small part of the crystalline quartz or feldspar mined in the United States is used for abrasive purposes and included in this report. The crystalline quartz which is included in this report is used principally as a wood filler and in the manufacture of sandpaper and of scouring soaps, and is obtained principally from New York, Connecticut, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin. The feldspar is used in making sandpaper and cloth and some special abrasive products for use in woodworking factories, and is obtained from Minnesota. The produc- tion of crystalline quartz and feldspar in the United States during 1905 amounted to 19,039 short tons, valued at $88,118. There was a considerable falling off in the production of quartz in 1905, as compared with that of 1904, but a large increase in the amount of feldspar. THE IRON AGE 1971 During 1905 the production of abrasive garnet in the United States amounted to 5050 short tons, valued at $148,095, as compared with 3854 short tons in 1904, valued at $117,581, an increase of 1196 tons in quantity and of $30,514 in value. This is the largest quantity of garnet produced in any year since these statistics have been collected, but the value is exceeded by that of 1901, when 4444 short tons were valued at $158,100. Never in the history of the abrasive industry has the time been more opportune for the development of corun- dum properties than at present, as there is a scarcity of emery ore. Many of the mills in the United States are finding it difficult to keep supplied with emery. The Greek and Turkish deposits are not furnish- ing the grade of emery that is desired, nor the quantity, and this has also been true during the past year of the emery mines in this country. The increasing demand for this type of abrasive should give an impetus to the de- velopment of the domestic corundum deposits. The Ca- nadian corundum deposits supply to some extent the demand for corundum, but there is still a large enough, market to warrant the working of deposits in this coun- try. During 1905 the production of corundum and emery in the United States amounted to 2126 tons, valued at $61,464, as compared with 1916 tons, valued at $56,985, in 1904, an increase of 210 tons in quantity and of $4479 in value. The corundum mined was from North Carolina and Montana and the emery from New York and Massa- chusetts. The importation of corundum and emery into the United States is still largely in excess of the home production, and in 1905 these imports were valued at $347,425, against $260,424, the value in 1904. ; Artificial Abrasives, The production of carborundum in 1905 amounted to 5,596,000 pounds, as compared with 7,060,380 pounds in 1904 and 4,759,890 pounds in 1903. Besides abrasive purposes another use has recently been advocated for carborundum—namely, as a refractory material for fur- nace linings. As the most refractory variety of carbo- rundum is infusible at 7000 degrees F. and is unaffected by oxygen, ozone or sulphur at 3000 degrees F. its use as a refractory material should meet with success, and should furnish a market for a considerable quantity of carborundum. The production of crushed steel in 1905 amounted to 612,000 pounds, valued at $56,840, a decrease of 178,000 pounds in quantity, but an increase of $1540 in value, as compared with 790,000 pounds, valued at $55,300, in 1904. The prices of the different grades of crushed steel vary from 5% to 11 cents per pound, and the production of 1905 contained more of the higher grade varieties, hence the increase in the value with a decrease in quan- tity. The production of alundum by the Norton Emery Wheel Company amounted in 1905 to 3,612,000 pounds, valued at $252,840, an average of 7 cents per pound, as compared with 4,020,000 pounds manufactured in 1904. The most of this material is utilized by the company in the manufacture of its corundum wheels. w. L. C. ——_o+o—__. A very simple muffler for a gas engine has been built in England. The exhaust pipe is split for a distance of about 7 feet, and the split end opened by bending the halves apart until the opening of the slot about equals the diameter of the pipe. The puff of the exhaust then spreads out like a fan, and the discharge into the air takes place much more gradually than would be the case from the plain pipe. The result is said to be effective in re- ducing the sharp sound of the exhaust, the effect being somewhat dependent upon the flare given the pipe. The length of the pipe is another item to be considered, a greater length being of course required for a large engine than for a smaller one. Sheet metal covered windows are finding favor with insurance underwriters, as statistics show that 31 per cent. of the 80,000 buildings consumed by fire in 1905 were ignited by burning buildings adjoining. « cudmesnatn! hina sink EA AGL! CO ALA: A eR permanant -— £972 THE IRON AGE The Forest of Dean Iron Mine. The Reopening of a Historic Property in Orange County, ™®. Y. The work of unwatermy tue old Forest of Dean iron mine in Orange County, N. Y., 5 miles west of the Hudson River station of Fort Montgomery, which has been in progress for the past few months, is now nearly completed. Timeliness is thus given to some account of this historic property as well as to a description of the new equipment and the work of reopening the mine by the Hudson Iron Company, 100 Broadway, New York. The old Forest of Dean mine is reported to have been discovered in 1756. The ore, a magnetite, was then re- duced in a charcoal furnace located uly a few hundred feet from the present entrance to the mine. Of this old furnace there are still evidences in small piles of slag and some iron. In James M. Swank’s “ Iron in All Ages” June 21, 1906 with the present company of the same name, worked the mine for only a few years, the property being sold to the Forest of Dean Iron Ore Company in 1865. This company still has a nominal, existence, as a connected interest of the Poughkeepsie Iron Company, Pough- keepsie, N. Y. Prior to 1862 the mine had been operated in a small way for some years by water power, which was developed by the building of two small dams on Popolo Creek. When the Forest of Dean Company took over the property it proceeded at once to enlarge the water power by increasing the hights of the dams, form- ing two reservoirs, one of 160 acres and the other of 37 acres, with a mean depth of 10 feet. Two 40 foot over- shot wheels were installed, one for hoisting and the other to operate a compressor and Cornish pump. The com- pany also built a tramroad 3% miles in length. ' The mine was entered by a slope, which had an inclination of 32 degrees for some distance from the mouth and then for a considerable distance inclined at an angle of 18 Fig. 1.—A View in the Old Forest of Dean Mine, 250 Feet from it is stated that “in 1756 there was a Forest of Dean furnace five miles west of Fort Montgomery, which was supplied with ore from the Forest of Dean mine, near which it stood. The furnace was abandoned 21 years later.” Benjamin J. Lossing in his “ Field Book of the Revolution” refers to an enormous iron chain which was stretched across the Hudson River at West Point by General Washington’s direction for the purpose of preventing the passage of British vessels. This chain was from ore of equal parts from the Sterling and Long mines in Orange County. Its weight was 180 tons. The same historian says that two other chains were stretched across the Hudson in the War of the Revolution. One of these latter was at Fort Montgomery. The iron came from the Forest of Dean charcoal furnace and was smelted from ore from the Forest of Dean mine. No other iron mine in the country at which operations are now in progress has as long a history as the Forest of Dean. Mining Operations in the Sixties} The first operations of any extent were carried on by Mr. Alger and others, who formed in 1862 the Hudson Iron Company. This company, which has no connection the Mouth of the Incline.—At this point the vein is 100 feet wide and 80 feet from the floor to the roof, On the left is a nillar of ore. degrees. In the deeper portions of the mine there are variations between 25 and 38 degrees. The ore upon being hoisted to the surface was dumped on platforms, where it was sorted by hand, the ore being shoveled into cars and hauled by mules to the end of the tramroad, where it was again dumped on a platform. It was then shoveled into wagons, hauled a mile and a half to the dock at Fort Montgomery and thence loaded into schoon- ers and barges and taken up the river to the furnace at Poughkeepsie. Since the mine was opened it is estimated that over 1,000,000 tons of magnetic ore has been taken from it, and the work underground has been carried to a depth of 1700 feet on the slope, where the bottom of the mine was 700 feet below the surface. Mining was discontinued. in 1894, the company having reached the limit of its property and being unable to acquire rights on the property adjoining. The ore shipped by the Forest of Dean Company averaged about 61 per cent. in iron, 0.7 per cent. in phosphorus and 5 per cent. in silica, with a trace of sulphur. The Original and the Present Power Plants. The Hudson Iron Company entered upon the property for its reopening on October 15, 1905. Im addition to the se Beaty Sade RRC on meg June 21, 1906 tedious work of unwatering the mine the company had before it the wrecking and removal of the old power plant, including the two overshot wheels, the old hoist and com- pressor and the long connecting rod and gear of the Cor- nish lift pump. A view of one of the old wheels and of the air compressor, as well as of the rod leading to' the Cornish pump, is shown in Fig. 3. The work of re-equip- ping the mine would have been simpler in some respects had it been possible to start with a clean slate. But the Cornish pump was to be utilized and the economy of the existing water power made it desirable to employ that to the fullest extent. Two 72-inch double nozzle. Pelten water wheels were installed, generating 225 horse-power. Water is delivered to the wheels through a 3-foot steel pipe 1000 feet long leading from the reservoir. On the main shaft of the water wheels are two 13-foot sheaves and one 24-inch band wheel, the latter being used to operate a two-stage Rand compressor with a capacity of 750 feet of free air per minute. The two sheaves. operate THE IRON AGE 1973 connection with obtaining right of way, the railroad could not be carried to the Hudson River. The last 6300 feet of the haul to the dock is accomplished by means of an aerial tramway. At the termination of the surface road the cars dump into a bin of 500 tons capacity. From this the ore is discharged into a hopper, which delivers it into the buckets as they pass round the loading ter- minal of the cableway. This terminal is of the construc- tion illustrated in Fig. 5. The wire rope conveyor was built by A. Leschen & Sons Rope Company, St. Louis, and is of the double rope type. The cable is carried on 23 _ towers, and in the distance of 6300 feet the ore travels down grade about 390 feet. The capacity of the tramway is 23 tons per hour. The essential feature of the Leschen automatic system is that the buckets are permanently at- tached to the traction ropes and are loaded by a traveling automatic loader or hopper. This hopper, as shown in Fig. 5, after having been filled from the chute travels alongside the bucket as the latter passes over the rail at Fig. 2—A View Taken at a Point 1200 Feet from the Mouth of the Forest of Dean Shaft While Unwatering Was in Progress. — The rafts were used in the work of “ roofing,” the dislodging of pieces of ore liable to fall after the unwatering. respectively a 12-inch Cornish pump and a double drum hoist. - The Cornish pump sheave and the pump gear are shown in Fig. 4. To secure the requisite motion of the disk to which the beam is connected it was necessary to gear down in the ratio of 100 to 6. The Cornish pump has a 12-inch water column and a 7-foot stroke. It had been in use for years in the operation of the mine by the Forest of Dean Iron Ore Company. Its capacity is 175,- 000 gallons in 24 hours, which will be ample to keep the mine free from water after the unwatering is completed. The Hudson Iron Company has extended the old tram road mentioned above to a point 44% miles from the mine. The track has been laid with 40-pound steel rails, and a saddle tank locomotive and 8-ton steel cars have been provided for hauling the ore. On being hoisted from the mine the ore passes over a grizzly, the fines dropping into a bin of 400 tons capacity and the coarse ore going to a crusher. From the bin the ore is drawn into cars and hauled to the terminus of the surface road. An Aerial Cableway for Conveying Ore. Owing in part to the surface of the country being broken into hills and ravines and partly to difficulties in the terminal station. After having emptied its contents into the bucket the hopper is returned to the original point under the chute by the movement of a lever. The buckets are so hung in the pendants as to upset easily when tripped, though when in transit they are securely locked by means of a catch to prevent them discharging their contents. At the unloading station the buckets are discharged by being automatically tripped, and by means of a righting device are returned to their normal position ready for loading. A single operator is required, and he is located at the bin where the ore is dropped into the automatic loader. At the dock on the Hudson River a bin of 1000 tons capacity is being erected. From this the ore can be discharged into railroad cars on a siding of the West Shore Railroad, or it may be loaded into boats after being dropped through a chute into a car traveling back and forth on an incline and connected by cable to a drum driven by a small engine. The 1000-ton bin, according to the original plan, was to be located at the water’s edge, discharging on one side into cars and on the other side into barges. Owing to the fact that the rock under- lying the surface clay pitched at a sharp angle toward the river a suitable foundation could not be secured, and Be AR RR NRE EE AE SOE RR NTN <I gel 1974 THE IRON AGE the bin was therefore built about 100 feet back from the water. The Hudson fron Company. On its organization in June, 1904, the Hudson Iron Company purchased the Secaucus Furnace property from the Hackensack Meadows Company. ‘The property con- sisted of 550 acres of land and the blast furnace and its equipment. The authorized capital of the company, which June 21, 1906 new mine will be known as the Hudson. The Hudson Iron Company also bought 160 acres of land adjacent to the Forest of Dean property, this land carrying the con- tinuation of the vein on which work was stopped in 1894. The vein outcrops for nearly half a mile on the land purchased, and the amount of ore on the property is reckoned at more than a million tons. The face of the vein at a depth of 700 feet, measured vertically, is about Fig. 3.—One of the 40-Foot Overshot Wheels Wrecked by the Hudson Iron Company. It was geared to drive the air com- pressor, and by a long connecting rod, also shown, operated the Cornish pump. Fig. 4.--The New Gear for the Cornish Lift Pump. is a New Jersey corporation, is $1,500,000, of which only $1,000,000 is outstanding. The mining property in Orange County, back of Fort Montgomery, N. Y., was ac- quired in the summer of 1905. From the Forest of Dean Iron Ore Company the Hudson Iron Company secured a long lease on the mining lot of the former, consisting of 50 acres. This was done entirely for the ‘purpose of securing access to the ore on adjoining property through the original shaft of the Forest of Dean Company. The 110 feet wide at its widest part and extends 80 feet above the floor of the mine. In general, a vertical section through the ore body is of crescent form, with one horn extending practically to the surface and the other stopping some distance short of the surface. On one of the horns mining has been carried on by the original com- pany as high as 160 feet from the floor, the width of the vein at this elevation being about 6 feet. The Hud- son Iron Company has also acquired a tract of 1050 acres June 21, 1906 of land within three-quarters of a mile of the Hudson mine. Drill work has shown the existence of a vein of Bessemer ore on the new property. The owners have thus far gone down only about 40 feet. In the unwatering of the old Forest of Dean mine, in addition to the Cornish pump, two mine pumps have been employed, one being a vertical pump 24 x 12 x 16 inches, with 10-inch suction and 8-inch discharge open- ings, and the other of the horizontal type, with 8-inch suction and 6-inch discharge. The larger of the two latter pumps delivers water from the bottom of the mine to a sump at the bottom of the 270-foot Cornish pump shaft, which is about 700 feet from the entrance to the mine, measured on the slope. The three pumps have a total capacity of 1,300,000 gallons of water a day. In the past week another pump has been added, so that the water may be entirely removed and mining begun early in July. It is expected that 400 tons of ore a day will be mined, a large portion going to the company’s furnace at Secaucus, N. J. F. A. Wilmot, Bridgeport, Conn., is pres- THE IRON AGE 1975 very little loss in its heating power; so little, in fact, that the actual expense of driving the fan may be disre garded and the steam engine cylinder may be looked upon as merely an enlargement of the steam pipe. Evi- dently this feature of this system has its influence on the relative cost of driving the fan by engine or by elec- tric motor, for in the employment of the latter there is no incidental return whereby the cost of power is reduced. ———_ po e—___ —- The Duty on Motor Cycles. Considerable friction has developed between the cus- toms authorities and importers regarding the values to be placed on motor cycles of foreign manufacture. It appears that for a long time the special agents of the Treasury Department in Europe were unable to procure accurate information dealing with the cost of manufac- ture and other details bearing on the question of the for- eign selling price. Recently, however, the Government ill Fig. 5.—Loading Terminal of the Leschen Aerial Cableway, Showing Bin Chute, Loading Skip and One of the Traveling ident of the company, H. G. Villard, New York, vice-presi- dent, and J. M. Clark, New York, secretary and treasurer. a _ Proposed Subway at Pittsburgh.—A number of capitalists of Pittsburgh, among whom is F. T. F. Love- joy, formerly secretary of the Carnegie Steel Company, have organized the Pittsburgh Subway Company and have asked the councils of that city for a franchise to build a complete system of subway and surface traction lines from the downtown section in Pittsburgh through the East End and Wilkinsburg. The estimated cost of the subway and traction lines is given as $30,000,000, and the projectors promise to push work as fast as possi- ble. At present traffic through the Pittsburgh downtown districts to the East End is very much congested and is steadily growing worse, owning to the rapidity with which the outlying districts near Pittsburgh are building up. —_—_++e—____ In considering the introduction of a special engine for driving the fan of a heating apparatus in connection with a blower system of ventilation and heating it should be clearly realized that, a certain amount of steam being required for supply to the heater, the passage of that steam through the engine on its way to the heater entails Buckets. has become possessed of data showing that the importers have failed to have the machines invoiced at the correct foreign market values. As a result the collector at New York has imposed very heavy advances, in some instances above the seizure limit of 50 per cent. On appeal by the importers the reappraisement division of the Board of United States General Appraisers has in the main affirmed the increased invoice prices levied by the col- lector. The duty on the cycles is 45 per cent., and owing to this fact the importers endeavor to keep the invoice values as low as possible. —_——___.¢-o——___. Tests have been made in California to determine the relative heating value of crude oil and local coal. One net ton of coal was found to be equivalent to 718 pounds of oil. As this oil weighs 7.6 pounds per gallon, and one barrel holds 42 gallons, the above quantity is expressed as 244 barrels. For locomotive purposes, where a better grade of coal is used, the requirement of oil to equal 2000 pounds of coal is 1037 pounds, or 3% barrels. The Shenango Works of the American Sheet & Tin Plate Company at New Castle, Pa., containing 30 hot miils, and the largest individual plant owned by this in- terest, closed down June 16 for an indefinite period. Fe ee ee BP or. 6 fe CARMI tmnt ena he Me er : > “7 ad > ae A ap aint ets aan A Nic TR A ti lta ins is cc et Se Oa OL TAG 5 Sete ’ 1976 | THE IRON AGE The New Prentice Turret Lathe. The geared head high speed turret lathe shown in the illustrations is not intended to handle bar stock, but is for the express purpose of rapidly machining cast iron parts, such as gears, pulleys, &c., which require two or more operations and involve the resetting of tools if turned out in an ordinary lathe. The machine will take work up to 15 inches in diameter, and contains the fea- tures of the geared head engine lathe built by the same maker, the Prentice Brothers Company, Worcester, Mass., including the gear box, giving eight changes of speed and the quick change feed mechanism giving 33 changes; also accomplished through a gear box. The turret is hex- agonal, of heavy construction, and is provided with hand and power cross and longitudinal feeds, with adjustable “ stops for the feeds in all directions. There are six stops for the longitudinal feeds, which revolve automatically with the turret, or may be used independently by disen- gaging the stop drum, thus rendering it possible to use June 21, 1906 their partly finished peripheries. All that remains to be done is to put each blank on an arbor lightly and finish the outside diameter to size. By this procedure the dan- ger of distorting the bore by forcing the blank on an arbor sufficiently to withstand the stress of a heavy roughing cut is avoided. The hollow hexagonal turret has a long, substantial bearing on the bed. As before stated, the turret has cross traverse, and to provide for rotating the drum carrying the six adjustable stops for the longitudinal feeds when the turret is rotated an interesting mechanism is em- ployed, which is independent of the crosswise position of the turret. On the bottom of the turret is cast a large bevel gear having 168 teeth, which meshes with a bevel pinion of 24 teeth splined to a shaft extending at right angles to the bed and under the turret. This pinion is free to travel on its shaft when the carriage is fed cross wise. The ratios between the gears is 7 to 1, hence for each one-sixth revolution of the turret the shaft will make one and one-sixth revolutions. The shaft through miter gears transmits its motion to a longitudinal shaft, Fig. 1—The New Geared Head Universal Turret Lathe Built by the Prentice Brothers Company, Worcester, Mass. one tool for more than a single operation. The cross feed has 12 adjustable stops, six in either direction, which are operated independently of the turret. All stops are num- bered. The wide range of cross traverse makes necessary the wide range of speeds provided in the head of the lathe, and from the nature of the work performed by a machine of this type the quick change feature is an im- portant one. Another point emphasized by the builder is the cheapness of the working tools required. For steel work the machine will be equipped with an oil pan and pump. In the illustration, of which Fig. 1 is a front eleva- tion and Fig. 2 a top view of the machine, an example of the work it is intended to perform is given, a gear blank being held in the chuck and the necessary tools in the turret. This gear blank is to be finished entire. The hub is first bored with a double cutter, and is then trued up with a single cutter boring tool and reamed to stand- ard size. The end of the hub and side of the gear are next faced off with tools similar to the ordinary lathe tools. The hub is then turned to proper diameter, and one-half of the circumferential face of the blank is turned almost to size. The whole lot of blanks is thus partially finished, after which the operations are repeated on the unfinished sides of the blanks while they are chucked on which is connected by spur gears to the shaft of the stop drum, giving to the drum one and one-sixth revolutions to each revolution of the turret, which brings the proper stop into position for each position of the turret. This arrangement was found necessary to avoid an interfer- ence that would have made the cross traverse impossible if the stop drum were given the same degree of rotation as the turret. If the operator wishes to use two or more of the longitudinal stops for one tool the stop drum is unlocked by sliding a collar which disengages a pin clutch. The drum cannot be again engaged with the turret until the parts are in their original and regular relation, as there is only one hole in the drum for the pin clutch to engage. After the longitudinal stop has automatically tripped the feed, details of which operation will be con- sidered later, it is necessary to hold the tool to the re- quired stop during one or two revolutions of the work in order to form a perfect shoulder. This is accomplished by pressing upon the pilot wheel, which makes a positive stop between a dog on the front side of the bed and a bushing on the stop drum shaft. The apron is of special design and of heavy construc- tion. It is so arranged that the operator may start, stop and reverse the feed, both longitudinal and transverse, at will. The longitudinal feeds are tripped automatically June 21, 1G¢06 by a na@@Banism behind and at the side of the apron. The longitudinal stop drum normally travels with the turret, but its movement may be arrested for a brief period while the turret continues to feed. A spring on the end of its shaft is compressed at such times until a bushing pre- vents its further retarding, and the stop again continuing to move strikes the dog previously referred to, which releases the feed. During the time that the carriage is feeding and the stop drum pauses there is a movement of a spool on the drum shaft, which motion is trans- mitted through a finger and rocker arm to a horizontal shaft back of the carriage, causing it to rock slightly until a latch lever carried at its forward extremity, which may be seen in Fig. 1 at the right side of the apron, re- leases a dog on a vertical spring stud just beneath it. The spring stud having been released drops until it reaches a stop on the spring stand. This motion of the stud is transmitted through a long lever beneath the apron, pivoted on a stud extending under the apron trans- versely and connected with a link which throws a clutch on the feed rod, disengaging it from the driving bevel pinion and stopping the feed. To reverse the feed the spring stud dog is turned 45 degrees, which permits it to Fig. 2.—A Top View of the Prentice pass its stop.. This additional drop causes the clutch in the apron to engage the opposite bevel pinion which re- verses the feed. This device operates the reverse for both longitudinal and cross motions of the turret. The six cross feed stops for each direction do not operate automatically with the turret, but will automat- ically trip the cross feeds. This is accomplished by a fric- tion device on the cross feed screw, consisting of two fric- tion disks with a fiber washer, one splined to the screw the other meshing with the cross feed gear. In addition there is a center stop, consisting of a lever at the front of the carriage, which, being thrown over, arrests the car- riage in its central position. There is also, of course, the usual latch pin for centering the turret in each of its six positions of rotation. The stops of the cross traverse may be used on a single tool if desired up to any required num- ber, as.in the longitudinal traverse. The lathe is provided with a screw which will permit the cutting of any standard thread, and which may be used for carrying very coarse feeds. A simplk locking device is, provided to prevent the simultaneor., engage- ment of the separable nut on the feed screw and .he feed clutch. When the clutch on the feed rod is engnced with one of the driving bevel pinions a rod connected to the clutch throws a lever, so that a pin on its end enters a T-slot in the bottom of the nut, holding it open. While the lever is in this position it is impossible to throw in THE IRON AGE 1977 the nut. The clutch must be in its central position to allow the separable nut to be engaged, and when engaged the clutch is locked against operating. ——————__>-+e—___—_- The Fire Brick Duty. The Board of United States General Appraisers, June 16, considered for the second time in the past two years the classification under the tariff law of bricks used for lining retorts. The specific protest decided by the board stood in the name of F. Behrend, New York, but the issue is of general interest to importers of material of this kind as well as operators of reduction plants. The merchan- dise was invoiced as “retort settings,” but duty at the rate of 35 per cent. was collected under the provision in the tariff for “articles composed of mineral substances.” The importer maintained that the merchandise should be admitted as “fire brick,” with duty at the rate of $1.25 per ton. Several other claims were made, but none of them was considered by the board, General Appraiser McClelland, who writes the de- cision for the customs tribunal, sustains the claim for Geared Head Universal Turret Lathe. duty at the rate of $1.25 per ton, but remarks that this action is solely on account of the ruling of the Federal Cireuit Court in a previous case. Were it not for the court decision, Mr. McClelland says, the board. would find against the importer. As it is, the lower tribunal is con- strained to grant the lower rate of duty. It is considered likely that the Treasury Department will take the latest “ase into the courts for further litigation in the hope that the Court of Appeals or the Supreme Cour