The Iron Age 1906-02-15: Vol 77 Iss 7

THE A Review of the H:; Published every ‘Thursday Mowe IRON AGE FO tO Hah ge LTachinery and Metal Trades. PME eg ey ‘illiiams Co., 14-16 Park Place, New “York. Vol. 77: No.7 Reading Matter Contents Alphabetical Index to Advertisers “ Classified List of Advertisers.... ‘‘ Advertising and Subscription Rates‘ New York, Ph say February 15, 1906. $3 OO : » Compression Shait Couplings Manufactured by FORSTER PULLEY WORKS Cuba, N. Y. The American “Mfg. Co. Ropes and Twines 65 Wall Street, New York Bristol's Patent Steel Belt Lacing. SAVES Time, Belts, Money. Greate seueogt READY TO APPiy§ = FINISHED OWT «6©6with Least Met. Bend for Circulars and Free Samples. THE BRISTOL CO., Waterbury, Conn. nbd eae CORD a y 4 eo ee ste 8 rents Also Linen me Ttalian Hemp h Cord, SAMSON CORDAGE WORKS, Boston, Mass. TU a Branch Office, 11 =). New York. Cleveland City Forge and Iron Co., - Cleveland, O, TURN BUCH IUES. MERRILL BROS., SS 465 to 471 Kent Ave , FOUNDRY IRON. Brooklyn, E.D., N.Y Girard Building, P’ PILLING & CRANE. femrranneriet 1 of Trade, Boston, SOME ROOFERS never get through repairing, because the water never gets through getting through the roofs they lay; others use our MF Roofing Tin because they know the roof is off their mind as soon as they are off the roof. tow is it with you? See AMERICAN SHEET & TIN PLATE COMPANY’S Ad. on Page 14. DEALERS—Remington, Marlin, Stevens, Winchester and Savage rifles all consume U. M. C. Cartridges. Do your sales show that you are getting your share of the popular de- mand? Send to U.M.C. Advertising Department for window display hangers, literature, etc. The demand for U. M. C. Cartridges comes from every derection. THE UNION METALLIC CARTRIDGE COMPANY, BRIDGEPORT, CONN. AGENCY, 813 Broadway, New York City. DEPOT, 86-88 First Street, San Francisco, Cal. | STIRLING CONSOLIDATED BOILER CO. See Page 46 ‘*The Best in the World’’ Capewell Horse Nails DRIVE THE BEST——HOLD THE BEST THE SAFEST TO USE MADE The Capewell Horse Nail Company HARTFORD, CONN. BY Wwune very cake in construction, and not the least complicated, the Excelsior Straightway Back Pressure Valve gives entire satisfaction in the work for which it is designed. Thoroughly reliable not only as a back pressure valve, but is equally adapted as a Free Exhaust or Relief valve for condensers. JENKINS GROS., F BROS., New York, Boston, Philadelphie, Chicago, London. “Swredon’” Gold Rolled Steel gs; Drawing we Stamping THE AMERICAN TUBE & STAMPING COMPANY (Water and Rail Delivery) ut slang | My oemanmen Corn, eo Se ee MAGNOLIA METAL. Best Anti-Friction Metal for all Machinerv Bearings. Pac-Simile of Bar. Beware imitations. SS MAGNOLIA METAL CO., Owners and Sole Manufacturers, 113-115 Bank Street, Chicago, Fisher Bidg. NEW YORK, San Francisco, Montreal, a ‘We manufacture al) grades of *Bebbite Metals at eompetitive prices. AGE -* THE IRON BRASS COPPER; ™,.. GERMAN {s##=1 SILVER | “ve The Queen’s Run oe Fire Brick co. HIGHEST GRADE Shapes a Specialty SEAMLESS BRASS AND COPPER TUBING. BRAZED BRASS AND BRONZE TUBING. :: :::s2 Lock Haven, Penn. A—DOLLAR--for—90c is an AGREEABLE IDEA WATERBURY, CONN. FOLLANSBEE| can nave ||99 John St, New York. Providence, R the | Brothers aii Bridgeport Deoxidized Bronze & Makers Company | l[llustration RGH oy nla PITTSBURG Youwi || Automobile Castings a Specialty. See what Fine Qualities of Sheet Steel and Tin Plate WE produce at no higher prices than you are PAYING NOW. High Tensile Strength. Bronze and Aluminum Alloys. Write Us. Matthiessen & Hegeler Zinc Co., LA SALLE, ILLINOIS, SMELTERS OF SPELTER AND MANUFACTURERS OF SHEET ZINC AND SULPHURIC ACID. Special Sizes of Zinc cut to order. Rolled Battery Plates, Selected Plates for Etchers’ and Lithographers’ use. Selected Sheets for Paper and Card Makers’ use. Stove and Washboard Blanks. ZINCS FOR LECLANCHE BATTERY. WSN meee PALAU LA 105-109 So.Jefferson St.: Chicago. Best Bronze, Babbitt Metals Brass and Aluminum CASTINGS rass, Bronze and ® Aluminum #2 FOUN DERS—FINISHERS. Ww. G. ROWZLL CO., HENDRICKS BROTHERS ROPRIETURS OF THE Belleville Copper Rolling Mills, MANUFACTURERS OF Brazicers’ Bolt and Sheathing COPPER, Wine CoPprPvE ET. AND RIVETS. Importers and Dealers in ingot Copper, Block Tin, Spelter, Lead, Antimony, etc. 49 CLIFF ST., NEW YORK. WATERBURY BRASS C0., CASTINGS Bridgeport, Con xn. THE PLUME & ATwooo MFG. Co., MANUFACTURERS OF “wi Sheet and Roll Brass —AND— WiRG PRINTERS’ BRASS, JEWELERS’ METAL, GERMAN SILVER AND GILDING METAL, COPPER RIVETS AND BURRS. Pins, Brass Butt Hinges, Jack Chain, Keroe sene Burners, Lamps, Lamp Trimmings, &c. LOW BRASS. SHEET BRONZE. |* MUBEAY 6T., NEW YORK, 144 HIGH ST., BOSTON. 199 LAKE ST., CHICAGO, FACTORIES ¢ WATERBURY, CONN, ROLLING MILL : THOMASTON, CONN. SCOVILL MFG. CO. MANUFACTURERS OF BRASS, GERMAN SILVER, os Rolls, Wire Rods, Its and Tubes, Brass Shells, Gups, Hinges, Buttons, Lamp Goods. Special Brasa Goods to Order. FACTORIE : WATERBURY CONN. DEpotTs: CHICAGO, NEW YORK. BOSTON, Henty douther Engineering G0. RTFORD, G ocean Chemists, sacaitiealia and Analysts] Complete;Physical Testing Laboratory; Expert Testimony in Court and Patent Cases, Arthur T. Rutter & Cb. 256 Broadway, NEW YORK. Small tubing in Brass, Copper Steel, Aluminum, German Silver, &c. Sheet Brass, Copper and Ger- man Silver. Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire. Brazed and Seamless Brass and Copper Tube. Copper and Brass Rod. “PHONO-ELECTRIC ” WIRE. “it’s TOUGH.” TROLLEY, TELEPHONE and TELEGRAPH LINES. BRIDGEPORT BRASS CO., Milis Bridgeport, Postal Telegraph Bidg. Conn. Broadway and Murray 8t., New York Cyaniding Gold and Silwer Ores. A tise the anide practi on embracing technical and gat e in theory and practice Oo and the costs, lant and the For sale by David Wiilfams Co., 14-16,Park Place, ». Y THE IRON AGE New York, Thursday, February 15, 1906. Electric Canal Haulage. BY FRANK C. PERKINS. The success of electrically operated boats, towing motors and locomotive tractors, which have been tried in Europe and America, indicates that ultimately electric canal haulage will be used almost exclusively, on account of the economy, ease of manipulation and speed obtain- able without injury to the canal banks. On the Teltow Canal in Germany recent experiments have been made by the Siemens-Schuckert Werke and the Teltow Canal management, with an equipment shown in the accom- panying illustration. The Equipment Used in Germany. Four boats were used in these experiments, the Oder, Berliner, Finow I and Finow II. The Oder is 175 feet —_—— A ~ A considerable saving in fuel is claimed, while two men with electric haulage will do the same work as three men with steam Direct current motors of 10 horse-power each are connected with both axles of the haulage locomotive through double reduction gearing. A rope drum is pro- vided and an electric motor is used to wind or unwind the hauling rope. This rope passes over a frame truss on the locomotive arranged so that it may be moved up and down by another motor to allow other canal boats to pass. It is claimed that this locomotive tractor takes considerably less current than the electric tug boat, which was previously tested on this canal. It was 60 feet long and 12.5 feet wide. and is said to have required 43 kilo- watts to haul a load of 450 tons at 3 miles an hour. This boat had three 20 horse-power electric motors, directly coupled to the three propellers, operating at a speed of 600 revolutions per minute. A storage battery supplied power. ye IRON AGE ~ An Electric Towing Locomotive Tried on the Teltow Canal in Germany. long and 27 feet wide and is shown in the engraving hauled by a Siemens and Halske electric canal locomo- tive. It weighs 140 tons empty and 503 tons loaded. The Berliner is 163 feet long and 24 feet wide and weighs 872 tons loaded and 100 tons empty. The Finow boats I and II are each 15 feet wide and 132 feet long. The test was first made with the locomotive tractor hauling two boats of different capacities, then with three boats and finally hauling the four canal boats. The towing rope was about 262 feet long and was connected to the locomotive over a towing mast, and to the front canal boat by a second rope, one end connected near the stern and the other just forward of the center. The efficiency of the locomotive was found to be 66.8 per cent. at a speed of 2% miles, the current used being 2.1 watts hour per ton mile. At a speed of 3 miles per hour the efficiency of the electric locomotive was 64.3 per cent., 3.2 watt hours per ton mile being used. It is claimed that the cost per ton mile by the use of the electric canal haulage locomotive is very much less than by steam haulage, while the speed is greatly increased. current when contact was not possible with the two trolley wires suspended along the bank carrying direct current from 500 to 600 volts. The electric tug boat was thoroughly practical, as the storage battery equip- ment made it independent of the trolley line for short periods in turning around and otherwise handling the canal boats being towed, but the efficiency was consider- ably less than the electrically operated locomotive trac- tors. Electric canal haulage locomotives of the Koettgen type, with both double rail and single rail, were tried on the Finow Canal. The single rail tractor ran on two small grooved wheels arranged to take a large proportion of the weight and power, while a pair of broad tire wheels traveled along the canal path. This tractor weighed about 2 tons and was able to make a speed of about 4 miles per hour, about 15 horse-power being re- quired. For canal haulage a single track with a monorail loco- motive was also designed by Ganz & Co. of Budapest, which is said to have a very high efficiency, the cost per 568 THE ton mile being very low. With this tractor a broad wheel -was also used on the tow path, a large proportion of the weight of the locomotive, however, being carried on the rail by small wheels specially designed to grip the rail. Other electric canal haulage tractors tried abroad included the electric tricycle locomotive previously tried on the Burgundy Canal. This haulage engine is said to have been equipped with a motor of about 10 horse-power capacity and weighed about 4000 pounds. The current was collected from overhead trolley wires and several canal boats of several hundred tons capacity were hauled at a speed of somewhat less than 2 miles per hour. The Gerard One of the Earliest Systems. The system of Leon Gerard, in operation on the Brus- sels and Charleroi Canal in Belgium, was one of the earliest and most successful systems tried. Electric tug boats were also tried on this canal, as well as tractors operating without rails on the tow path and taking their current from three overhead conductors by a long flexible cable and three trolley wheels. The tractors take 4.1 kilowatts when traveling at a speed of 2% per hour without a load, and when hauling a canal boat of 70 tons at the same speed the current required was 4.85 kilowatts. On the Belgian-Charleroi Canal at Disquercq experi- ments were made with a light tractor operating on rails, as it was found that the tractor operating on the tow path without rails was impracticable on account of the heavy cost of maintenance and the excessive wear and tear on the haulage device. A light tractor on rails was able to attain full speed in about 45 seconds. A heavier tractor hauling a 70-ton canal boat was able to attain a speed of 2 miles per hour in 50 seconds, operating on the tow path, while a tractor weighing 3600 pounds was able to reach the same speed in about 30 seconds. American Experiments, In America, experiments in electric canal haulage were made about a decade ago on the Erie Canal, one of the first tests being made at Rochester with a boat. Cur- rent was taken from a trolley line running along the ‘tank and supplied two electric motors driving the pro- pellers. At Tonawanda another experiment was made later on the Erie Canal, using the Lamb telpherage system. Two cables were installed on heavy supports over the canal, one above the other, the lower one being used for traction and supporting an electric motor car- wiage, while the upper one was used as a bearing and for conducting the current. On account of the heavy over- head construction required this canal haulage system has mot been commercially utilized. One of the latest electric canal haulage systems de- ‘signed in America is similar to that of Thwaite, an English engineer, and was practically placed in oper- ation by Stephen W. Wood of the International Towing and Power Company. Practical tests were carried out near the General Electric plant at Schenectady, N. Y., on the Erie Canal, a monorail construction being provided along the bank for a considerable distance. A 40 horse- power narrow gauge hog back electric mining locomo- tive was used, 10 feet long, 2 feet wide and 2.5 feet high from the rail. Two electric street railway motors gave the necessary slow speed through a 40 to 1 double reduction gearing, to give each motor driving a grooved wheel about 20 inches in diameter, traveling upon the upper rail. With this monorail locomotive tractor a speed of from 4 to 6 miles per hour was attained, with six canal boats in tow. It is claimed that this system is thoroughly practicable and can be utilized to ad- vantage for hauling the 1000-ton barges on the Erie canal, when reconstructed, as easily as the 250-ton canal boats employed in this test. A Successful System on the Miami Canal, There is another American electric canal haulage sys- tem now in successful operation, using a double track electric locomotive for hauling the canal boat, as em- ployed on the Miami Canal. An overhead trolley line is used, the current being supplied from a central power station generating a polyphase alternating current for transmission to various points along the canal. IRON AGE February 15, 1906 These various systems of electric canal haulage are interesting, as there is every reason to believe that electric power can be used to advantage for hauling the 1000-ton barges from Buffalo to Albany and New York on the Erie Canal, when reconstructed, and it would not be surprising if electric power was also found the most practicable for hauling the ships on the Panama Canal, now proposed. ——q7=-e___ Corrodibility of: Malleable Castings in the Ground. A correspondent of T’he Iron Age asks as to the lasting properties of malleable cast iron when buried in the earth. We have the following comment on the question from Dr. Richard Moldenke, secretary of the American Foundrymen’s Association, and an engineer of large ex- perience in the manufacture and use of malleables: From the experience I have had with scrap piles of the various materials, which will be a very fair criterion of them, malleable castings rust even more than steel. From the very nature of the material this stands to rea- son. The skin and immediate interior of a malleable casting is practically a steel, and a rather open one. Moreover, it is somewhat crystalline in structure, due to the original placing of the crystals of the white iron before annealing, perpendicular to the surfaces. The consequence is that moisture will penetrate pretty far and comparatively easily. Another circumstance, which shows the porosity of some parts of a malleable casting, was brought to my attention forcibly, when a lot of couplers were Harveyized or tempered in oil. On break- ing in the testing machine all the parts of the metal which were the least liable to shrink spots had wide margins of oil around them, the penetration being over ~ inches in some cases, with the metal apparently as sound as the rest not so affected. From this it will be seen that such metal is very liable to rust. Finally, on re moving some 30,000 tons of scrapped maleables I remem- ber that the rust was taken up by the wagon load and dumped in the river. From all this I would conclude that malleable castings are not good for use when buried, at least in places where dampness is liable to be serious. ——_-+-e—___—_ The Buffalo Multiple Turbine Electric Pump.--In an article commenting on the interruption to mining operations in California caused by the prolonged drought of last year, which exhausted the storage reservoirs of many hydro-electric power plants, the San Francisco Chronicle says: “Of the group of productive mines in the neighborhood of Grass Valley it is represented that only the North Star is at present pumping. The lower levels of other mines are flooding through the lack of water power to keep their pumps in operation. The North Star mine is, however, equipped with two Buffalo eight- stage multiple turbine electric pumps, each suitable for a 1400-foot head and each having a capacity of 300 gallons per minute. These pumps draw from the plant of the Bay Counties Electric Power Company. The electric tur- bine pump is proving its value now in a double sense, for the mine is not only kept drained by it when others are flooding, but it is doing more work with 250 horse-power than two steam pumps were previously doing with an ex- penditure of 500 horse-power.” ‘The electric pumps which are doing such good work were built by the Buffalo Forge Company, Buffalo, N. Y. —-———_ The McKeesport Tin Plate Company.—At the an- nual meeting of stockholders, heid at McKeesport, Pa., the officers were re-elected as follows: BE. R. Crawford, president; E. P. Douglass, vice-president ; H. M. Clark, secretary; W. L. Curry, treasurer, and J. E. Lauck, general manager. The tin plate mill of this company beat all its previous records for output in Janu- ary, turning out in that month 2682 tons of black plate. The best previous month was March, 1905, when 2671 tons were made. The largest output for one week was 670 tons. The plant contains 10 hot mills, all of which are running to full capacity. February 15, 1906 The New American Radial Drill. An example of the redesigned line of radial drills, as now manufactured by the American Tool Works Com- pany, Cincinnati, Ohio, appears in the accompanying en- graving. This 3%-foot arm plain radial drill will reach to the center of an 86-inch circle, has a greatest distance from spindle to base of 4 feet 3 inches, a spindle traverse of 10 inches, a traverse of the head on the arm of 2 feet 10% inches, and is built with either cone pulley or speed box drive, the latter being the form illustrated. The feeding mechanism on the head provides four feeds, ranging in geometrical progression from 0.0069 inch to 0.0203 inch. Any feed is obtained by simply mov- ing the sliding key of the feed device until the proper gears are driving. The all gear feeds have the advantage over belted feeds of increasing producing capacity, greater rapidity of change and positive action. The feeds operate through a friction, which permits the crowding of a drill to its limit without straining the feed works. At any posi- tion of the spindle the feeds can be automatically tripped by an adjustable trip dog and pointer acting on the worm clutch. Depth graduations are on the spindle, and all depths can be read from zero. Two or more dogs can be supplied, making it possible to counterbore any num- ber of holes without resetting. The trip acts automatical- ly at the lowest position of the spindle, preventing injury to the feed mechanism. The speed box is of the geared friction type, providing four changes of speed, each instantly available by using the two levers shown. The friction clutches are power- ful and consist of few parts, which can be made large enough to avoid slipping under the severest cuts and obviate the use of loose, delicate parts. A cone pulley may be substituted for the speed box at any time, as there is a coupling on the lower driving shaft and the base is drilled and tapped for either. If motor drive is desired any type of motor may be attached and the con- nection made either direct or through gears, chain or belt. It is the experience of the builder that the most simple, efficient and serviceable arrangement consists of a motor on the base con- nected by gears to a four- speed box. The spindle has eight changes of speed, ranging in geometrical progression from 37 to 295 revolutions per minute, all immediate- ly available without stop- ping the machine. This wide range of spindle speeds, combined with the exceptional driving power of the machine, renders the drill equally efficient with either ordinary or high speed twist drills. The column is of double tubular type, affording exceptional rigidity. The sleeve or outer column revolves around a central column and is clamped in any position by a V-clamping ring. This makes the outer column practically integral with the inner column, which extends almost the entire hight, and has bearings for the outer column at both top and bottom. The arm is of parabolic beam and tube section, giving greatest resistance to bending and torsional strains. Its lower line being horizontal, work may be operated upon when close to the column without using an extreme spindle reach. The arm is clamped to the column by two binding levers, obviating the use of loose wrenches, and is raised and lowered rapidly by a double thread coarse pitch screw, controlled by a convenient lever. The head is moved rapidly along the arm by a hand wheel through an angular rack and spiral pinion. A con- venient clamping lever locks it in any position. The back gears are located on the head, thus bringing the greatest speed reduction direct to the spindle. They may be engaged or disengaged without shock or jar while the machine is in operation. The spindle is counterbal- THE IRON AGE 569 The anced and has frictional quick advance and return. tapping mechanism is carried on the h2ad, between the back gears and speed box, so that the frictions have the benefit of the back gear ratio, making unusually heavy tapping operations possible, and also permitting taps to be backed out at an accelerated speed. The lever for starting, stopping or reversing the spindle is controlled at the head from the front of the machine. The base is massive and strongly ribbed, especially where it supports the column. It is planed and has T- slots for bolting largé work directly on the base. The plain box table has a top surface of 16 x 32 inches and a side surface of 6 x 32 inches, the latter giving the equivalent of an angle plate. Both top and side surfaces are planed and are supplied with T-slots. The regular equipment includes a plain box table, No wrenches are As extras, the company is prepared to furnish countershaft and cone pulley drive. required. The New American Radial Drill, Manufactured by the American Tool Works Company, Cincinnati, Ohio. the speed box described above, a worm swiveling table, a round table or an improved electric motor drive. ————_-- —_—__—_—_ One of the most noteworthy battle ship designs which has been put into actual construction is embodied in the four ships of the Roma type, in the Italian Navy. The third of these ships was launched in September last, and is being completed afloat. The great features of the de- sign are the splendid battery and protection elements, combined with an extremely high speed, and all obtained on a moderate displacement. The length is 474 feet over all (485 feet between perpendiculars) ; beam, 82 feet; draft, 25.8 feet; displacement, 12,624 tons. Propelled by twin screw engines supplied with steam by 22 Babcock & Wilcox water tube boilers, a speed of 22 knots is antici- pated, with 19,000 horse-power. This is three knots ahead of other battle ships. The battery includes two 12- inch and 12 8-inch guns, 16 3-inch and a number of smaller weapons to repel torpedo boat attacks, and four torpedo tubes. The armor belt has a maximum thickness of 10 inches, while the protection afforded the heavy guns is 8 inches thick. SA a ee tion He : 1 } > 570 THE IRON AGE February 15, 1906 The Revision of the Canadian Tariff. The Anti-Dumping Clause in the Canadian Tariff. The sessions at London were remarkable for an en- lightening discussion on the working of the anti-dumping clause in the Canadian tariff as it affects the iron and steel schedules. There was a complaint there from makers of threshing machines, feeders, stackers, weigh- ers, baggers, and portable farm engines, that their Amer- ican competitors were selling these machines in Canada and passing them through the custom houses at 35 per cent. off their list prices. In this way the American companies were doing a trade which was estimated at $750,000 a year. It was stated that in this trade in Canada there are no middlemen; that manufacturers sell direct to users. It was also stated that in Canada there were no dis- counts off the list prices; and that Americans in this business allowed no discounts to United States buyers. To avoid the dumping clause the American manufac- turers, it was stated, consigned machines to their agents in the United States to make a price, and then consigned them at the same price to branch houses in Canada. The petitioners in this case urged that the anti-dumping clause should be so framed as to put an end to these practices. These same Canadian interests complained that they had to pay the dumping duty on crucible steel imported from the United States. Mr. Paterson, with regard to the statements as to the dumping of machinery, assured these petitioners that the Customs Department had or- ganized a bureau which was diligently on the watch for any such attempts to evade the anti-dumping clause, and that all complaints of evasions were most searchingly investigated. Consuming Interests Complain of the Anti-Dumping Clause. A complaint of the hardship worked by the anti- dumping clause in the secondary iron and steel indus- tries was made at London by petitioners for free list privileges for steel billets. The petitioners explained that formerly they had been able to buy freely in the United States. Now, however, the anti-dumping duty checked their importations, and with the help of the preference it had thrown some of the trade to Great Britain. “I am glad,” said Mr. Paterson, “to hear you Say that the anti-dumping clause nas been of some use in turning over trade to England.” At Toronto, when the anti-dumping clause was under discussion, a complaint was made as to its operation in regard to rolled steel strips. The petitioner—the Canada Steel Goods Company—stated they had last year bought steel in the United States for $25, paying a duty of $10.50, of which $3.50 was the extra duty levied under the anti-dumping clause. The most bitter complaints, however, of the hard- ships of the anti-dumping clause made anywhere before the commission came from the Canada Bridge Company, of Walkerville, Ontario, when the commission was at Windsor, on the Detroit River. The company, which is now turning out 16,000 or 17,000 tons of bridge work annually, complained that the anti-dumping clause oper- ated against it, and was a condition it had not con- templated when it established itself at Walkerville. The plant, which now employs 470 men, with a total payroll for the year in excess of $310,000, was located there as a convenient point for Pittsburgh, whence the raw ma- terial is imported. The company made a strong protest against the anti-dumping duty, as follows: The Canada Bridge Company's Attack on the Anti- Dumping Duty. “We were prepared to operate under the tariff con- ditions as they were in 1900 (the anti-dumping clause was enacted in 1904), and felt full faith in their sta- bility so far as the importation of raw material was concerned, as the attitude of the Government was then plainly in favor of moderate duties, if anything tending * Continued from page 502, “February 8. toward lower duties rather than higher. We have gotten along with a reasonable degree of success under the existing tariff, and have had very little criticism to make of it aside from the recently enacted anti-dumping duties, which have tended to place a very considerable burden upon us. The only suggestions we wish to make with reference to the present tariff are that we would like to see the duty on coal entirely removed and the duty on small beams, channels, tees and zees weighing less than 35 pounds per yard reduced from the present rate of $7 per ton to 10 per cent. ad valorem, for the reason that not a pound of these is manufactured any- where in the Dominion so far as we can discover, and no mill is apparently making preparation to roll them. “The effect of the anti-dumping duties on our com- pany has been very great, as it has very largely increased to us the cost of small angles, small plates and steel bars. We estimate that this extra cost for the year 1905 will exceed $15,000. This additional cost does not come so much from direct anti-dumping duties paid, as, in- directly, from the fact that the existence of these duties has to be considered in the making of our material contracts, with the result that we do not buy our raw material nearly as favorably as might be done if there were no anti-dumping duties. BRIDGE BUILDERS ARE ESPECIALLY HARD HIT. “ We are strongly of the opinion that the anti-dumping duty should not have been applied to angles used by bridge builders, for the reason that up to the present time we have been totally unable to secure angles from any Canadian rolling mill for anything like a reasonable price or delivery. The only rolling mills in Canada pretending to make angles are located in Nova Scotia, at a tremendous distance from Walkerville, and up to this date we have never been able to secure any quota- tion from them which could be considered to have been made on a fair commercial basis from a bridge builder’s standpoint. We can readily prove this statement by ex- hibiting our correspondence with them. “The underlying principles of the anti-dumping clause of the tariff are undoubtedly correct, but as these duties are at present enforced they work a peculiar hard- ship to us located at Walkerville. We are, on account of our location, almost entirely dependent upon Pitts- burgh for the supply of our raw material. We are too far inland ever to successfully import any considerable quantity of material from England and Scotland, and we are too far from Nova Scotia concerns to do business with them. Until rolling mills which manufacture open hearth structural steel in commercial quantities are es- tablished somewhere in this part of Canada we must continue to be dependent upon Pittsburgh as our prin- cipal source of supply; and if tariff modifications are made which will prevent our buying from Pittsburgh the result will be that the Canadian Bridge Company, Ltd., will have to go out of business or move to the eastern part of Canada, either of which would be very disastrous to the interests of this locality. SCOTCH AND PITTSBURGH PRICES COMPARED. “The peculiar hardship imposed upon us by reason of the present method of enforcing the anti-dumping duties can be seen from the following illustration, which is a perfectly fair example of what is happening continually with us. On January 1 of this year small angles could be bought in Scotland at 1.10 cents per pound; they could be bought in Pittsburgh for export at 1.15 cents per pound. The domestic price in Scotland was the same as the export price, whereas the domestic price in Pitts- burgh was 1% cents. The duty and freight on the Scotch material are 23 and 30 cents per 100 pounds respec- tively, bringing the total cost of the material at Walker- ville to $1.63, whereas the duty and freight on the Pittsburgh material are 35 and 16% cents respectively, bringing the total cost of the Pittsburgh material to $1.66% cents, omitting anti-dumping duties on the lat- ter. Under present anti-dumping regulations we have to February 15, 1906 pay an additional duty of 1714 cents per 100 pounds ou the Pittsburgh material, bringing its cost up to $1.84. Inasmuch as the purpose of the anti-dumping duty is merely to protect Canadian steel manufacturers we can see no reason whatever why such duties should be exact- ed on the Pittsburgh material bought at a higher, or even the same, price as Scotch material. “It seems to us that there can be no good reason why we at Walkerville should be made to suffer simply be- cause the Pittsburgh concerns sell to their domestic con- sumers at a higher rate than they charge us. It seems to us that English and German.prices should be an im- portant factor in considering whether or not the anti- dumping duties should be exacted, and that so long as our prices from the United States are not lower than these English and German prices the anti-dumping clause should not apply. It does not seem to us that the mere fact that United States concerns may be able to get higher domestic prices than English or German mills should be any reason why we should be punished with an anti-dumping duty. Canadian steel makers are not in the least harmed by our buying from the United States so long as we do not buy cheaper there than we can from the old country. What possible good can it do any Canadian steel manufacturer or anybody else to force us to submit to great inconvenience and heavy losses, through inability to secure contracts requiring prompt deliveries, by compelling us on account of the dumping duty to buy from European sources at prices practically identical with those we can get in the States? QUICK DELIVERY NEEDED. “The element of time is of the utmost importance in bridge building, and on this account it is generally much more important to buy material where it can be obtained quickly rather than where the price is the lowest. We execute many contracts in from 60 to 90 days’ time, and most of our contracts have to be manufactured in from four to five months from receipt of order. It will readily be seen that it is usually absolutely impossible for us to secure material from abroad for such contracts. Ex- perience has shown us that where we have attempted to get material from the old country it has often taken from three to four months to lay it down at Walker- ville; whereas from Pittsburgh we can generally get our requirements filled within as many weeks. Our business extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific Coast in Can- ada. On our Eastern business we are now at a consid- erable disadvantage compared to our Eastern competitors, who are in a much better position to secure and use foreign material. They have always had the advantage of us as far as cost of raw material is concerned, and we have had to struggle against this handicap as best we could. Any change in the tariff which adds to our difficulty in trading with Pittsburgh will be that much added burden, and if the burden becomes much greater than it is now we simply cannot exist here at Walker- ville. LONG LENGTH ANGLES MUST COME FROM PITTSBURGH. “Besides the element of time which has to be con- sidered when buying from European sources we have another serious matter to contend with, in that we are unable to secure lengths of material from abroad ex- ceeding 30 feet without paying big extras on them. These extras are paid partly to the mill, but largely to the transportation companies for extra freight. These extras apply up to a length of about 45 feet, which has been the maximum length which we have been able to import, as the steamship companies do not care to handle anything longer than this. In our business we require a great many angles greatly exceeding 45 feet in length, and in the majority of cases our customers would not allow of our using shorter lengths and splicing; this, of course, forces us back to the Pittsburgh mills, from which we can secure angles up to the limit of lengths rolled without extras. “We understand that the steel manufacturers in Canada are proposing to ask for very heavy increases in duties on what constitutes our raw material, and we would most strongly oppose any such increases, as we do not believe that they are fair or just, or that they are THE IRON AGE 571 called for by the conditions in the steel trade in the Dominion. We believe that all such items as beams, channels, tees, zees, universal mill plates and large sheared plates should pay only 10 per cent. duty, as none of these items are manufactured in Canada. We be- lieve that all angles weighing more than 35 pounds per yard should remain at the 10 per cent. rate, for in spite of the fact that perhaps a few angles up to 8 or 10 united inches and weighing slightly over 35 pounds per yard may be rolled in Canada in very small quantities, the larger sizes certainly cannot be sard to be manufac- tured in commercial quantities. “On account of the nature of our business we must most strongly oppose anything that increases the cost of our product, as our bridges must come into direct competition with wooden structures. A higher cost of steel bridges prevents their use throughout the country wherever timber is obtainable, and causes not only a loss to us, but is detrimental to the country at large. The increasing of the present rates of duty on our raw material would perhaps assist a very small section of the country situated at the extreme eastern end thereof, but would be at the cost of a serious added burden on prac- tically all the remainder of the Dominion.” Discussion of the Bridge Company’s Protest. There was much discussion across the table on this protest of the Canada Bridge Company. Mr. Fielding, always watchful to ascertain whether importing business can be thrown to Great Britain, pressed the petitioners as to whether they could not obtain their raw material from England and Scotland. In answer they reiterated the statements in their petition that this was impractica- ble, and emphasized the difficulties attending the hand- ling on shipboard of the steel they need. As to the bitter complaints of the hardship of the anti-dumping clause as it affected the petitioners’ plant, Mr. Paterson, who is at the head of the department at Ottawa which administers this clause, reminded the petitioners that it was embodied in the tariff of 1904 to protect Canadian manufacturers against exactly such conditions as the petitioners had described as existing in the steel business of the United States. Mr. Fielding was sure that the anti-dumping clause protected the bridge company from dumping by bridge builders in the United States. The representatives of the company, however, absolutely denied that bridge building plants in Canada had any extra protection under the clause, as it was impossible for appraisers to apply the anti-dumping clause to bridge construction. They acknowledged, however, that the Walkerville plant and the five or six other bridge building plants in Canada are now getting all the bridge construction in the Do- minion. Advertisements in **The Iron Age? Catch Canadian Trade. Another interesting appeal in connection with the iron and steel schedules was made at Windsor by a company mannufacturing brass and iron valves. It is stated in its behalf that in brass valves Canadian manufacturers are getting all the business they can handle in the lower grades, but do as they would, no matter how good their output, they could not get the trade in the higher grade goods. These, it was stated, are widely advertised in The Iron Age and other American trade and technical jour- nals. These journals are widely read by Canadian engi- neers, who insisted on having these advertised specialties. Only a Dingley duty, it was urged, would enable Canadian manufacturers to meet this competition. Mr. Paterson told the witness that feeling in Canada was running against any high duties. The Dingley duty was 45 per cent., and there was only one instance of a 45 per cent. duty in the Canadian tariff. “We want the duty,” answered the witness, “ put at a point where we can keep the Americans out.” Mr. Paterson asked if the petitioners were willing to have the American tariff all round; and pointed out how this would affect them as buyers of raw material. “ Probably,” replied the wit- ness, “ they have a better adjustment of the tariff on the other side. They seem to prosper better than we do. If they can give away valves as they are now doing, they must be more prosperous than we are.” “ You know,” Se bose Po ime vas ra eo rates tonae tine Janine see wo) soncagsteen no i : : ; + 572 THE IRON AGE interposed Mr. Fielding, “that they don’t give valves away at home.” In discussing the advancing of prices to the cousumer if the tariff were raised, the witness stated that Canadian valve makers were not taking full advantage of the present tariff; and when asked by Mr. Fielding why not, he replied: “ The Americans are dump- ing.” Machine Tool Builders Ask for Higher Duties, Hamilton in a small way is the Cleveland of Canada. The Tariff Commissioners had two full days’ work there, and most of the petitions had reference to the metal schedules. Eight machine tool manufacturers, including the Pratt & Whitney Company of Hartford, who have a plant at Dundas, Ontario, put in a joint petition asking for an increase in the rate on machine tools from an average of 25 per cent. to an average of 30 per cent. A reclassification of these tools in the tariff schedules was also recommended. These manufacturers based their petitions for changes on the increased cost of raw material due to the anti- dumping clause. It was also stated that the supply of Canadian pig iron is at present limited; and consequently pig iron for foundry purposes must be purchased from the outside. It was incidentally stated that $1,300,000 is now em- barked in tool making plants at Dundas, Hamilton, Galt, Brantford and Hespeler, all in the Province of Ontario. The only competition in machine tools was from the United States. The petitioners asserted that competi- tion from Great Britain, even under the preference, was of no account. Mr. Fielding inquired whether machine tools were not made in England, and whether English makers of tools could get into the Canadian market if they tried to do so. The reply was that they might in eastern Canada, where freight rates were easy. It was here that the Canadian Westinghouse Com- pany, which has a plant in Hamilton that cost $2,000,000 and employs 650 men, put on their petition in rebuttal of an expected request from the newly established brass factory at Toronto for a duty on rolled brass strips. The Westinghouse Company claimed that the duty would affect 65 per cent. of its raw material and declared that no brass factory within the next two or three years could take care of all the brass business in Canada. Cold Drawn Steel Manufacturers Desire Higher Duties, Within the last 12 months two plants, equipped for the manufacture of cold-drawn steel, have been in- stalled at Hamilton. Both concerns petitioned for in- creases in duty in the interest of this new Hamilton in- dustry. The Canadian Drawn Steel Company’s petition was as follows: “We think that some change is necessary in the ex- isting tariffs as applied to our product, for the following reasons: Cold drawn finished shafting 1% inches in diameter and upward is subject to a tariff of 30 per cent. ad valorem. Below 1% inches in diameter is ad- mitted at $7 per ton, and for steel of a value of 2% cents per pound and over it is only 5 per cent ad valorem. About 50 per cent. of the drawn steel imported is under 1% inches in diameter, and all of it is of a value of 2% cents per pound, or over; hence, wherever it is possible the importers bring it in under the 5 per cent. head. The raw material for use in our mill is steel bars, shapes and sections, and this is subject to a duty of $7 per ton plus the anti-dumping clause, so that as at present placed we will pay a higher tariff on our raw material than the protection afforded to the finished article, and thus the tariff is acting against the establishment of such an in- dustry as ours. From 3000 to 4000 tons of drawn or polished steel are now imported from the United States annually, which ought to be made here and on which very little duty is paid, while its selling price may be taken as roughly $250,000. The raw material for this is lost to the steel makers of Canada and it may be taken at $150,000. Now the classes of material which the 2% cents per pound clause is meant to cover are high grade tool steels and such as are not obtainable in Canada, but not wiid steel, such as shafting, &c., which will be our prod- uct. By the erection of our mill we have created a sub- stantial reason for the closing of this loop hole. February 15, 1906 “Should it be deemed advisable not to interfere with the tariff on our material because of its being the raw material for other industries to a certain extent, then we think the case can be met by allowing us to bring in our raw material free of duty, as is done in many other instances, such as steel rods for wire drawing, for cut- lery, and for bicycle chains. This would not support the revenue of the country, but would add to the in- dustries and benefit to the extent of wages spent, though in the case of the smaller sizes we would only have 5 per cent. in our favor and the United States mills would cut to keep this trade. We have now a fair number of inquiries for export, and this is a factor to be well con- sidered. In conclusion, we would suggest that one of the following clauses be inserted in the amended tariff, namely: ‘Steel shafting, shapes or sections, cold drawn, compressed, or otherwise polished, of whatever size or value, 30 per cent. ad valorem,’ or ‘steel, namely: Bars, coils, or bundles, round, square, flat or other shape, when imported by manufacturers of cold drawn steel for use in their own mills for the manufacture of their product, free.’ ”’ Cast Iron Pipe. There are four or five cast iron pipe plants in Canada. All of them are in the Province of Quebec or in Nova Scotia; and in connection with them all there were petitions for high duties, both against importations from the United States and Great Britain. The present duty is $8 a ton, with one-third off on pipe imported from Great Britain. The first plea was put in by the Montreal Pipe Foun- dry Company when the commission was at Three Rivers, Quebec. The case for the company was stated by G. R. Duncan, superintendent of the Three Rivers plant. “ The plant here,” he said, “is equipped with the most modern machinery, and the investment amounts to $135,000. Its capacity is 28 tons a day, or annually 9000 tons. During 1904, however, it was found impossible to operate the plant to its full capacity, owing to shortage of orders, so that the total production for 1904 amounted to 6300 tons. Similar conditions have existed this year, due to the com- pany finding it impossible to compete with English and Scotch makers for a number of orders placed, especially for seaport points in Canada. This competition comes al- together from Great Britain. In our opinion it is due to the fact that under the preference these pipes are sub- ject only to a duty of $5.33 a ton, and to the low rate of freight from Great Britain not only to seaboard points in Canada, but under freight arrangements to inland points as well. We are also positive that quantities are sold for Canada at prices below the British market fig- ures; but in the case of material such as iron pipe, in which the prices vary from day to day, it is impossible to prove dumping and have the anti-dumping clause ap- plied.” British Pipe Sold Lower in Canada Than at Home, In emphasizing this part of his plea Mr. Duncan read to the commissioners a private letter, written by a friend in the service of one of the large English municipalities, in which it was stated that the price for cast iron pipe had, during 1905, ruled at about $25 a ton. While this had been the quotation for pipe in Great Britain, Mr. Duncan assured the commissioners that the custom house returns at Ottawa showed that the average price of pipe sold in Canada was only $22 a ton. Mr. Fielding suggested to Mr. Duncan that the Cana- dian pipe men were asking a pretty stiff duty on a very ordinary article. Mr. Duncan insisted that nothing less than an $8 duty against Great Britain would protect Canadian manufacturers against British pipe foundries. “It pays these British concerns,” he added, “to dump rather than to stop work.” “Our experience is,” said Mr. Fielding, “that British manufacturers do not dump as American manufacturers do. Dumping is an expedient, peculiar, I think, to high tariff countries.” Mr. Duncan, however, stuck to his point that while pipe had been sold at $25 in England the official figures showed that it was invoiced to Canada at $22 a ton. Comparative Labor Cost in Pipe Foundries, “In Three Rivers,” continued Mr. Duncan, returning to his plea for more protection on the ground of higher February 15, 1906 labor cost in Canada, “our skilled labor is paid from $1.25 to $2.15 a day, while in England and Scotland for the same class of work the wages paid amount to about $1.25 or $1.50 a day. Unskilled day laborers here in Three Rivers are paid $1.26 to $1.40; while the same class of labor can be secured in Great Britain at a maxi- mum of 90 cents a day. The result is that while we spend on labor about $5 per ton, the actual cost to the English and Scotch makers is about $1.25 to $1.50 per ton less. “Canadian manufacturers, owing to their geograph- ical position,” continued Mr. Duncan, “must pay for skilled labor wages equal to those paid by manufacturers in the United States. This not only applies in the case of Canadian manufacturers of cast iron pipe—to our own labor—but also to the raw material which we use. This is so, because the blast furnace companies are in the same position as we are as regards labor. Conse- quently they have to ask higher prices for their finished product than have been ruling for British pig iron dur- ing