The Iron Age 1906-01-25: Vol 77 Iss 4

THE IRON AGE Ou Gopzayqse mM A Review of the Hardw 1. °iSuidey "ery and Metal Trades. Published every Thursday Morning eee Co., 14-16 Park Place, New York. Vol. 77: No. 4. New York, Thur sda. January 2 al $3.00 a_Year, including Postage. Single Copies, 15 Cents. Reading Matter Contents...... page 384 Alphabetical index to Advertisers “ 177 Classified List of Advertisers “169 Advertising and Subscription Rates‘ 176 ESTES ge Shalt Couplings | M’t'd by Forster Putay Works, Cuba, N.Y. — DEALERS+Remington, Marlin, Stevens, Winchester —, = |and. Savage rifles all consume U. M. C. Cartridges. Do your ee Co sales show that you are getting your share of the popular de- s<|mand? Send to U.M.C. Advertising Department for window g | display hangers, literature, etc. eS TA eve iol 1 38 New Basen Ropes and Twines The demand for U. M. C. Cartridges comes from every = THE BRISTOL COMPANY, direction, Waterbury, Conn. THE UNION METALLIC CARTRIDGE COMPANY, Bristol’s Recording BRIDGEPORT, CONN Instruments. AGENCY, ° DEPOT, lor Pressure Temperature 813 Broadway, 86-88 First Street, and Electricity. New York City. San Francisco, Cal. Gold Medal, Bt. Leais Exposition All Ranges, Low Pricee, and Guar- anteed. Send for Circulars. Also Linen and —— Hemp SAMSON SPOT CORD|STIRLING CONSOLIDATED BOILER CO. see page 44 The Leading Horse Nails and the Best SAMSON CORDAGE WORKS, Boston, Mass. seanenaes in the World are the Capewell ranch Office, 11 a” New York. Cleveland C City Forge and IronCo., - Cleveland, O. DROP THEY HAVE KEEN AND PERFECT POINTS HAMMER MERRILL which make a clean cut hole Brooklyn, N. Y. in the most brittle hoof. BASIC PIG. Girard Baflding, Phila. Made PILLING 8 CRANE, frnsnavSen'vee| bs The Capewell Horse Nail Company d of Trade, Boston, HARTFORD, CONN. to Packing of Joints will not be a source of much trouble or annoyance if you will take the precau- A sheet of Apollo Best jigs y tion to procure the genuine Bloom Galvanized is per- "2 JENKINS °96 PACKING by fect from corner to corner ater It will make perfect steam joint instantly. and all the way through All genuine bears Trade Mark as shown in the cut. Th t e h it ° 1] d JENKINS BROS., New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago, London at 18S why 1t 1S Calle ‘““Apollo’”’—and why you “Scot” Gad Re Sel Ta Samp should specify it every THE AMERICAN TUBE & STAMPING COMPANY time you build or repair. oer ae AG MOLIA M ETAL. See Best Anti-Friction Metal for all Machinerv Bearings. AMERICAN _ beware es : SHEET & TIN PLATE AK. imitations. COMPANY’S MAGNOLIA METAL CO., Owners and Sole Manufacturers, 13-115 Bank Street, We San den Francisco, Montreal, ae Pittsburg. Ad, on Page 14. Chicago. Fisher Bidg. NEW YORK. manufacture aii grades of Babbitt Metals as bo AGE roe _ THE BRASS COPPER; =, GERMAN {s#:= SILVER WIRE LOW BRASS. SHEET BRONZE. SEAMLESS BRASS AND COPPER TUBING. BRAZED BRASS AND | BRONZE TUBING. :: setae WATERBURY BRASS (0., WATERBURY, CONN. 99 John St., New York. Providence, R. I. Bridgeport Deoxidized Bronze & Metal C0., BRIDGEPORT, GONN. Automobile Castings a Specialty. High Tensile Strength. Bronze and Aluminum Alloys. Write Us. IRON The Queen’s Run Fire Brick co. HIGHEST GRADE 4 Shapes a Specialty Lock Haven, Penn. ALL FOLLANSBEE BROTHERS COMPANY KINDS SORTS TIN-PLATE SHEET-STEEL M-A-D-E PITTSBURGH Matthiessen & Hegeler Zinc Co., LA SALLE, ILLINOIS. SMELTERS OF SPELTER AND MANUFACTURERS OF SHEET ZINC AND SULPHURIC ACID. Special Sizes of Zinc cut to order. Rolled Battery Plates. Selected Plates for Etchers’ and Lithographers’ use. Selected Sheets for Paper and Card Makers’ use. Stove and Washboard Blanks. ZINCS FOR LECLANCHE BATTERY. WSN Meee ALU kL 105-109 So.Jefferson St.- Chicago. Best Bronze, Babbitt Metals Brass and Aluminum CASTINGS rass, Bronze and # Aluminum 2 times: Ww. G. ROWELL CO., HENDRICKS BROTHERS PROPRIETORS OF THE Belleville Copper Rolling Mills, MANUFACTURERS OF Braziers’ Bolt and Sheathing COPPER, COPPER WIRE AND RIVETS. Importers and Dealers in ingot Copper, Block Tin, Spelter, Lead, Antimony, etc. 49 CLIFF ST., NEW YORK. CASTINGS THE PLUME & Atwood M6. Co., MANUFACTURERS OF wee! Sheet and Roll Brass ——AND-—= WiRG PRINTERS’ BRASS, JEWELERS’ METAL, GERMAN SILVER AND GILDING METAL, COPPER RIVETS AND BURRS. Pins, Brass Butt Hinges, Jack Chain, Keree sene Burners, Lamps, Lamp Trimmings, &c. 29 MURRAY ST., NEW YORK. 144 HIGH ST., BOSTON. 199 LAKE ST., CHICAGO, FACTORIES WATERBURY, CONN, ROLLING MILL : THOMASTON, CONN. SCOVILL MFG. CO. MANUFACTURERS OF BRASS, GERMAN SILVER, Sheets, Rolis, Wire Rods, Bolts and Tubes, Brass Shells, Gups. Hinges, Buttons, Lamp Goods. Special Brass Goods to Order. FACTORIES: WATERBURY, CONN. DEpots: CHICAGO. NEW YORK. BOSTON. Henry Souther Engineering (0. HARTFORD, GO Consulting Chemists, cnauiibiasiaat and Analysts Complete Physical Testing Laboratory; Expert Testimony in Court and Patent Cases, Arthur T. Rutter & Oo. 256 Broadway, NEW YORA. Small tubing in Brass, Copper Steel, Aluminum, German Silver, &c. Sheet Brass, Copper and Ger- man Silver. Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire. Brazed and Seamless Brass and Copper Tube. Copper and Brass Rod. DeaIGH-LIght” OIL and GAS ‘S Bicycle Lantens. Send ter Circulars and Klectrotypes. THE BRIDGEPORT BRASS CO., Bridgeport, Conn. Postal Telestream Building, Broadway and Murray St., New York. if No. 7th St.. Philedelphia. 5108 to 87 Pearl St., Boston, ELECTRIC WELDING There’s no work too difficult for us to do, Better write and learn a Se do and ow weil we THE STANDARD WELDING CO., Cleveland. Manf’rs Standard Seamless Tubing. THE IRON AGE New York, Thursday, January 25, 1906. A French Electric Traveling Gantry Crane. At the Quai d’Orsay, Paris, an electric fifteen-ton trav- eling gantry crane has been recently erected by the Etab- lissements Postel-Vinay which has some special features. The most interesting is the use, for the first time, of a new electric motor of high efficiency working with 110-volt single-phase current. Starting under load is effected with remarkable certainty and freedom from shock. The crane is used for unloading blocks of stone, and runs on curved rails conforming with the curve of the quay. Its move- ment, either loaded or empty, is effected without any slip- ping or binding by having the wheels on the outside of the curve slightly larger in diameter than the ones on the inside. The whole crane moves smoothly regardless of the position of the load upon the bridge. The span from center to center of the uprights is 56% feet ; the effective range of the front cantilever is 23 feet, nected through spur gears with the centre of a longi- tudinal shaft that extends to the supporting uprights. At these ends bevel gears transmit power to. vertical shafts which, through more gears, drive two of the four crane wheels. Upon the trolley which runs along the girders forming the bridge are located the three motors driving all but the transporting mechanism. The trolley also carries the controllers and resistances necessary for the motors. The hoisting drum has two helical grooves symmetrically formed, with reverse threads for simultaneously winding the two strands of chains to which the hook is attached. This decreases the tendency for the load to oscillate dur- ing ascent or descent. The hoist controlling mechanism is similar to that for controlling the trolley and for mov- ing the crane, and includes an ingenious high-power electric brake of reversible type, which acts perfectly with single-phase current. The winch is also fitted with A 15-Ton Electric Traveling Gantry Crane, Erected at the Quay d'Orsay, Paris, by the Etablissements Postel-Vinay. and that of the rear cantilever, 8 feet, making the total range or run of the trolley 8714 feet. The hight beneath the rear girders is 23 feet. The inclination of the quay is 4 to 100. The load is raised at the rate of 11% feet per minute; the trolley runs at a speed of 98% feet, and the whole plant can be traveled at 148 feet per minute. The framework of the crane is of lattice or open-work type to decrease the wind resistance. It comprises two longitudinal girders supported by uprights that are held together at the top by arches sufficiently high to permit the trolley to pass beneath. Each of the two girders is of box section, three sides of which are latticed, while the top is a solid iron plate forming a footway along the bridge. The uprights of the hand-rail contribute to the rigidity of the girders, being vertical prolongations, to a hight of about three feet, of parts of the girder itself, and connected together the length of the crane by a horizontal member constituting the hand-rail. At their lower ends the legs of each upright are connected by a beam, and beneath these legs are placed the wheels upon which the crane travels along the quay. A separate motor is used for each movement of the crane. The one which travels the crane entire is located in the symmetrical axis of the bridge and under one of the running boards formed by the tops of the main girders. The motor is inclosed in a sheet-iron casing and is con- an automatic mechanical brake, enabling the load to be lowered and stopped, and all the movements may be ac- complished by the manipulation alone of the devices con- trolling each mechanism. The current is supplied to the crane by an overhead wire, and is collected by two shoes, the runners of which are fixed upon a suitable device to enable them to pass over inequalities and slight gaps in the line, which runs in straight stretches or chords that are not continuously parallel to the quay. a The Pennsylvania Railroad has completed plans for the further improvement of its new lake terminals at Buffalo, which will make it among the best in the coun- try for handling ore and coal. The terminal yards and ship canal adjoin the plant of the Buffalo & Susquehanna Iron Company. The ship canal was built jointly by the two companies. The complete plans contemplate the expenditure of upward of $2,000,000. Two Brown fast unloading hoists have already been installed and further facilities for the transference of ore and coal are to be added, including large additional trackage during the winter so that by the opening of navigation everything will be in readiness to receive ore cargoes and to transfer coal from cars to boats. 332 Government Tests of Lubricating Oils. BY A. B. WILLITS, U. 8S. N. The selecting of the best lubricating oils for the ma- chinery on our naval vessels has become a momentous question during the past year, owing to the decision of the Department to disapprove requisitions for special brands and in lieu thereof to purchase in open market entirely on specifications. For many years lard oil was the recognized standard, but with the advent of engines of greater power coincident with the development of a cheaper and better lubricant in the petroleum oils, lard oil with its unsavory odor and high cost became a back number, and a few particular brands of mineral oils were adopted with satisfactory results. The actual tests made by contractors during their official trials of the big vessels, where so much depended upon efficient lubrica- tion, brought the excellence of these brands, which were carefully compounded for the particularly trying service, into such prominence as to practically give them the monopoly in the navy. It was quickly discovered that there was a chance for competition in this field, offering a good return, and there soon came a demand for the privilege of bidding from every oil compounder, many of whom had little apprecia- tion of the requirements. In admitting all, the only pro- tection lay in specifying in detail such qualities as must characterize acceptable oils. Fortunately the experience with the special brands enabled the Bureau of Steam Engineering to formulate precise specifications, which would eliminate such oils as would have to be used in excessive amounts to keep the bearings efficient, or would endanger these bearings by failing to maintain an effec- WIRE GAUZE COVER Se ES DS SS SS hee > SONS Device for Testing the Gumming Tendency of Oil. Fig. 1.- tive film under high speeds, pressures and temperatures. To appreciate how important this is, take for instance an armored cruiser like the West Virginia or Pennsyl- vania, ships developing 23,000 indicated horsepower, which at, say, 18 knots. per hour, require about 200 gal- lons of best mineral oil per day for proper lubrication. With a poorer grade the quantity must be increased, and the danger of hot bearings arises. The brasses for one main engine crank pin weigh 450 pounds and require about 100 pounds of Babbitt metal, and when this is overheated and burnt out by bad lubrication, it is no trifling job to disconnect and reline the boxes, while the time at which such crippling occurs might cause the de- feat of a maneuver or the loss of a battle. It is natural and proper, therefore, that Naval engineers should re- sent all movements toward loading up with any but ex- celient oils. In March, 1905, specifications for lubricating oil for marine machinery were issued, embracing a frictional test on an oil testing machine, using a standard brass bearing of about nine square inches projected area on a polished steel mandrel making about 160 revolutions per minute, in which test the limit of temperature was desig- nated to be 130 degrees F. The average load on the THE IRON OVERFLOW, za) January 25, 1906 AGE bearing during two hours’ test must be at least 300 pounds per square inch of projected area, the quantity of oil necessary to prevent undue friction and higher rise of temperature being taken into account in the re- sults, and the quotient, found by dividing the product of the average total pressure on the journal and surface speed of journal in feet per minute by the weight of oil in grains for lubrication during the two hours, not to fall below 325,000. The flashing point must not be below 400 degrees F. Sufficient oil to cover the bottom of a shallow dish when heated to 250 degrees F. and cooled slowly must exhibit no gummy residue. The oil must flow at a temperature of 32 degrees F. A small quantity when applied to a polished copper plate must not turn WY eo 6BGAL. CAN ox ox 14” c | THE IRON AGE Fig. 2.—The Complete Apparatus for Making Gumming Tests. the surface of the metal green if allowed to stand ex- posed to the air for twenty-four hours. The viscosity of the oil at 90 degrees must be between 685 and 710 com- pared with distilled water (49) at 90 degrees F. When tested in an Engler viscosimeter. Using the same stan- dard the viscosity of the oil at 150 degrees F. must be between 155 and 165 and at 225 degrees F. between 75. and 85. It was found that the greater number of failures con- sisted in unsatisfactory viscosity at the different tem- peratures, and this point alone is a most important guide in selecting good oil. Later experiments, however, proved that an additional gumming test was necessary to pre- vent the acceptance of unsatisfactory grades, and a spe- cial test has now been added, as follows: Using a single wick, one-half pint brass oil cup, and maintaining the oil at about 140 degrees F. practically equal quantities of oil must feed through the wick in equal intervals of time, for three intervals of eight hours each. At the end of the test the wick must be clean and the sides of the oil cup bright and clean. The accompanying sketch, Fig. 1, shows the oil cup device arranged for carrying out this gumming test. It is a single double cup casting, the outer part of which. January 25, 1906 is kept filled with hot water, maintaining readily the temperature of the oil at about the required limit by adjusting the steam admission valve. Fig, 2 shows the arrangement complete for the test. The siphon pipe may be readily applied to one of the ordinary five gallon cans in which oil is now delivered for Government use. This enables the haphazard selection of any can on a lot, and as it draws the oil from the bottom of the can its worst features are exposed if it contains a gummy sediment. Where the continuous three periods of eight hours each are not practicable, the test is stopped by closing the lower pet cock on the oil cup, the steam blow off yalve, and the oil admission valve in the siphon pipe, and continued on the following day without having dis- turbed the wick by first heating the oil by the water bath to the required temperature before opening the bottom drip cock. The hight of oil in the oil cup is maintained between two marks on the inside of the cup to a fair hight. The thermometer is kept in the oil, and the drip from the cup is caught in a one quart graduated glass, which, when filled to the quart mark, is replaced by an empty glass and record made, together with the frac- tional parts at the end of each eight-hour period. Some manufacturers consider this test severe, but the best oils in use have successfully passed and practically filled the conditions required. aiaieainmeaacaiaenieaacaatiisn Bill to Punish Trademark Infringement. WASHINGTON, D. C., January 20, 1906.—The movement on the part of numerous patent law experts and trade- mark owners to induce Congress to provide a criminal remedy within the jurisdiction of the United States courts for the willful infringement of marks registered in the United States Patent Office has resulted in the introduc- tion by Representative Wiley of New Jersey of a bill providing a series of important amendments to the exist- ing trademark law, which was passed by the last Con- gress and went into force April 1, 1905. This movement has been supported by the American Bar Association and by various patent law organizations, and an effort was made last winter to secure the necessary legislation in connection with the enactment of the Bonynge Trademark law. It was found, however, that a considerable number of Senators and Representatives were averse to creating new offenses by Federal statute, and it was therefore feared that the insertion of a criminal provision in the Bonynge bill might imperil its passage. Experience during the past year, however, has greatly emphasized the necessity for a criminal statute to prevent and pun- ish infringement of trademarks and very strong pressure will be brought to bear on the Patent committees of the two houses to give early consideration to the Wiley bill. Provisions of Wiley Bill, This measure embraces five sections. By the terms of the first section the following provision defining crim- inal infringement and providing penalties therefor is to be added to Section 16 of the existing trademark law: Sec. 16x. Any person who shall willfully and with intent to defraud transport or cause or procure to be transported between the States, or to ary foreign nation or Indian tribe, or shall deliver to any carrier to be so transported, any goods not those of the owner of the trademark, but of the same or substantially the same descriptive properties as the goods for which the said trademark is registered and upon which the same is used by the owner thereof, to which or to the packages or receptacles con- taining which is affixed any trademark registered pursuant to the provisions of this act, or dny false representation, likeness, copy or colorable imitation thereof, shall op conviction thereof be punished by a fine not exceeding $1000 or by imprisonment for not more than two years, or by both such fine and imprison- ment. By Section 2 of the bill Section 20 of the present law is amended so as to prescribe the procedure in criminal as well as civil prosecutions. As thus amended the section will read as follows: Sec. 20. That in any case involving the right to a trademark registered in accordance with the provisious of this act in which the verdict has been found for the p’aintiff, or an injunction issued, and in any criminal prosecution arising under this act to which the verdict has been found against the defendant, the court may order that al! labels, signs, prints, packages, wrap- pers or receptacles in the possession of the defendant bearing the trademark of the plaintiff or complainant, or any reproduc- tion, counterfeit, copy or colorable imitation thereof, shall be THE IRON AGE 333 “ delivered up and destroyed. Any injunction that may be granted upon hearing, after notice to the defendant, to prevent the viola- tion of any right of the owner of a trademark registered in ac cordance with the provisions of this act by any Circuit Court of the United States, or by a judge thereof, may be served on the parties against whom such injunction may be granted anywhere in the United States where they may be found, and shall be operative, and may be enforced in proceedings to punish for contempt, or otherwise, by the court by which such injunction was granted, or by any other Circuit Court, or judge thereof, in the United States, or by the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia or a judge thereof. The said courts, or judges thereof, shall have jurisdiction to enforce said injunction, as herein pro- vided, as fully as if the injunction had been granted by the Cireuit Court in which it is sought to be enforced. The clerk of the court, or judge granting the injunction, shall, when required to do so by the court before which application to enforce said injunction is made, transfer without delay to said court a certi- fied copy of all the papers on which the said injunction was granted that are on file in his office. By the next section of the bill it is provided that “ no criminal prosecution shall be maintained in any where the trademark is used in unlawful business or upon any article injurious in itself, or which mark has been used with the design of deceiving the public in the purchase of merchandise or has been abandoned, or upon any certificate of registration fraudulently obtained.” ease Trademark Owners Must Give Notice. Mr. Wiley proposes by Section 4 of this bill to protect alleged criminal prosecution in where the party claiming the trademark in question has not properly protected it by giving notice of its registra- tion or duly notifying the infringer. To effect this pur- it is proposed to amend Section 28 of the existing law to read as follows: infringers from cases pose Sec. 28. That it shall be the duty of the registrant to give notice to the public that the trademark is registered, either by affix- ing thereon the words “ Registered in U. S. Patent Office,” or ab- breviated thus: “ Reg. U. S. Pat. Off.,” or, when from the char acter or size of the trademark, or from its manner of attachment to the article to which it is appropriated, this cannot be done, then by affixing a label containing a like notice to the package or receptacle wherein the article or articles are inclosed; and in any suit for infringement by a party failing so to give notice of registration no damages shall be recovered, except on proof that the defendant was duly notified of infringement, and con- tinued the same after such notice, nor shall any criminal prose- cution be maintained in the absence of such notice except upon the like proof. The final section of the bill provides that it shall take effect upon its passage. This important measure has been reférred to the House Committee on Patents, of which Representative Currier of New Hampshire is chairman. The advocates of the bill will seek to have it made the subject of a series of hearings at an early date. It is anticipated that there will be some opposition to the measure on the part of those who oppose the creation of additional criminal offenses, but it is believed that the hearings will develop practical unanimity of sentiment favorable to the meas- ure of all who may be properly regarded as experts in patent law. Ww. L. C. —~»+—-oe_____—— In the January number of Moody’s Magazine Charles E. Keator, vice-president of Dunlap & Co., has an article ov “ Why Industrial Alcohol Should Be Untaxed.” The writer argues that instead of being less than 5,000,000 gallons, as at present, the consumption of alcohol for industrial purposes in the United States should now be about 80,000,000 a year, considering that previous to 1861, when the internal revenue tax was imposed, more than 30,000,000 gallons of alcohol a year were thus used in the United States. Germany is now using annually more than 70,000,000 proof gallons of alcoho] in in- dustrial lines. Denaturized alcohol, the writer says, would be used in large quantities in the United States if the tax of $2.07 were removed. Through two com- paratively recent discoveries the invention of a method of using alcohol with the incandescent mantle for light- ing purposes and the perfection of the internal combus- tion engine for motor vehicles, power boats and farm and other engines, there has been opened up a possible future consumption of hundreds of millions of gallons. The Pennsylvania Coal & Coke Company, Johnstown, Pa., will build 300 more coke ovens at Moss Creek, Cambria County, Pa. THE IRON The Franklin Bicentennial. The two hundredth anniversary of the birth of Ben- jamin Franklin was celebrated January 17 by organiza- tions in many parts of the country. Philadelphia, how- ever, took the lead in this respect in acknowledgment of the fact that while Franklin was a native of Boston he removed to Philadelphia while a youth and was act- ively identified with that city in his long and brilliant eareer. The Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, held its annual meeting on that day. At this meeting President John Birkinbine, who had just been re-elected for the tenth time, submitted the annual report of the Board of Managers, from which the following extracts are taken: “In presenting this report your Board of Managers expresses the hope that the two hundredth anniversary of the birth of Benjamin Franklin may be recognized in such manner as to materially advance the Institute which bears the name of this illustrious American. Eighty years of sustained effort in advancing the mechanic arts have honored the name of Franklin and won for the Franklin Institute world-wide fame, to which it is justly entitled. But this effort has failed to enlist the financial support necessary to permit the self-imposed work being so prosecuted as to keep the institute as well in advance as it should be. Our unequaled technical library de- mands each year large expenditures to maintain it as a complete reference library, and the opportunities for scientific investigation need liberal expenditures. “The Committee on Exhibitions is seriously consider- ing a celebration of the bi-centennial of Franklin’s birth by an exhibition in Philadelphia, believing that the time is opportune. What more fitting recognition than an exhibition of the graphic arts and a display which would demonstrate the marvelous advance since close to our institute home Franklin drew electricity from the clouds? “The reports of the various committees of the board and of the institute, and records of the schools, which are important features of the institute’s work, give de- tails of what has been accomplished during the year, but the results may be summarized as follows: “For eight decades the night schools of the Franklin Institute have attracted men who, in the endeavor to help themselves, received in these practical aid, and many who later achieved prominence, made their initial start in these schools. During the past year 601 students were in attendance in the night schools; 447 studied drawing; 96 machine design, and 28 naval architecture. It would be interesting, were it possible. to trace the advance in education, and in science, due directly to the conscien- tious work of preceptors and scholars in the Franklin Institute schools. The gratuitous assistance given stu- dents by the institute’s professors and lecturers deserves cordial recognition. “The Committee on Science and Arts reports the recommendation of the award of 21 medals, two certifi- cates of merit, and making five advisory reports, with 41 cases pending at the close of the year. The work of this committee has, as in the past. honored the institute. and througlr it given public recognition to meritorious discov- eries and inventions. “The roll of members, now 1554, is far below what it should be to properly sustain the work above out- lined, for much of the expense of this, as the financial statement indicates, is met by membership dues. The board has accepted grateful contributions of books and other documents, which have been added to the library, It also acknowledges donations which have somewhat augmented the available funds of the institute. But the limited endowment and the decreased interest obtainable demand that every expenditure be reduced and seriously limit the good which the institute could accomplish. The total invested funds of the Institute, including all special funds, amount to $141,325.10, and the value of building site and contents will fully double this.” In the evening of the asme day addresses were made before the institute by President Birkinbine and by Pro- fessor Albert H. Smyth of the Philadelphia Central High School. Mr. Birkinbine said: January 25, 1906 AGE “Two hundred years ago Benjamin Franklin was born in Boston, but as so much of his life was spent in Phila- delphia, where he developed most of his admirable quali- ties, and where he obtained prominence as a printer, philosopher, author and statesman, it is appropriate that the anniversary of his birth be celebrated here, and that this celebration should begin at the Franklin Institute. “The Board of Managers has decided to recognize this anniversary by a series of commemorative addresses and papers, the first of which you will hear to-night. The board has also taken the initiative steps for an industrial exposition in the coming fall. The only drawback to assuring success to this enterprise is the uncertainty of obtaining accommodations for the exhibit. Tentative arrangements had been made for the use of the main ex- hibition hall, one of the permanent pavilions and also the outside ground connected wtih the Commercial Museum, in West Philadelphia. These plans may be interfered with by the avowed intention of the city authorities to use the pavilion as a temporary addition to the Alms- house. Hence definite announcement of the exhibition cannot be made at the present time.” After touching upon his arriva! in Philadelphia as a runaway apprentice and his well-rounded career, Mr. Birkinbine continued : “The neighborhood of the institute is replete with reminiscences of Franklin. Dying at the age of 84 years, his body is interred within four blocks of this hall, and somewhere in the open fields, between the place where you sit and the present Post Office site, it is said that he made his famous experiment of conducting lightning from the clouds in 1752. Most of his work was done within half a mile of this locality, for Philadelphia was then a moderate-sized town and its navigation was confined en- tirely to sailing craft and rowboats. “With wood for fuel, there was no demand for ordi- nances abating smoke nuisances, nor fear of coal strikes, There were no department stores, unless we credit Frank- lin with imitating them by his modest enterprise in which it is reported he disposed of a variety of goods from books to human chattels. The absence of skyscrapers eliminated the danger of elevator accidents, and Franklin could pursue his studies free from interruption from a telephone call, dr from insurance or book agents. “To-night we see our City Hall outlined with thou- sands of lights to honor the memory of the man who first controlled electricity. Hundreds of thousands of our townspeople have to-day ridden in cars propelled by elec- tricity or steam. Tens of thousands of horse-power are hourly developed by coal mined far below the earth’s surface. More than 1500 miles of streets cover water and gas pipe, sewers, light and telephone conduits, etc., ~ probably sufficient to span one-half the earth’s circum- ference, and messages flash or power is transmitted by overhead wires aggregating a far greater distance.” Professor Smyth’s address was on “Franklin as @ Man of Letters,” after the delivery of which a series of lantern pictures, representing interesting objects in con- nection with Franklin’s life, was thrown on a screen. It was announced that owing to the fear that it might fall to pieces the electric machine in the possession of the institute, by which Franklin generated electricity 150 years ago, would not be exhibited in operation as had been intended. —— _~9+@e.-=- — Max M. Suppes, general manager of the Lorain Works of the National Tube Company, has been granted a patent on a method of skimming slag from molten metal. It consists in displacing the slag by the immersion or par- tial immersion therein of a body of refractory material having a specific gravity higher than that of the slag but lower than that of the underlying metal. Between January 1 and January 20, 1906, plans were filed in the Borough of Manhattan for 124 buildings, to cost $7,051,350, In the corresponding period in 1905 plans were filed for 100 buildings, with an estimated cost of $5,358,600. January 25, 1906 A Pratt & Whitney Special Turret Lathe. A machine that has been found very efficient and satis- factory for finishing the interior and ends of small gas- oOline engine cylinders is the 3 x 36-inch turret lathe made by the Pratt & Whitney Company, Hartford, Conn,, and equipped, as illustrated in Fig. 1. The machine has in place of the usual rod feeding or holding device, a special chuck for rigidly holding the cylinder. The turret and cross slide tools are used for boring the inside of the cylinder and turning and facing a collar at one end. The chuck, which is best shown in Fig. 2, grips the work by means of two swinging clamps, each operating against two fixed points. Both clamps also have two bearing pins in a swinging member, consequently the Fig. 1—A 3 x 36 Inch Pratt & Whitney Lathe, Specially Twe Iron Ace Fig. 2—Another View of the Chuck. work is perfectly supported on eight separate points while being machined. This avoids the necessity of clamping so tight as to distort the casting and insures the bore of the cylinder being true when the work is re- moved from the chuck. The turret tools are for boring the cylinder and con- sist of rigid boring bars with high speed cutting tools. On the shank of one of the bars, as may be seen in Fig. 1, there is a turning arm holding a cutter for turning the collar or flange of the cylinder. The reamer for finisbing the hole is allowed to float on its shank and is of the expansion type. As both the turret slide and cross slide have independent power feeds, both turret and cross slide tools are in action simultaneously, and economize time. The work on which the machine illustrated is engaged, is a cylinder having a bore 4 inches in diameter by 7 inches deep. There are numerous other parts in automobile manufacture which may be profitably handled THE IRON AGE Ww Od wal by this particular insufficient Where manufacturers have keep the constantly em- is advisable to have it equipped with the rod feed and collet mechanism so that it may also be used for rod work. machine. work to machine ployed on castings it —_——>--e—___ ——__ The Carnegie Relief Fund. At all the blast furnaces, mills and other plants op- erated by the Carnegie Steel Company posted last week showing operations of Relief Fund in 1905. total of $266,290.15 which $96,187.80 notices the Carnegie During the year just closed a grand was distributed from the fund, of paid in accident benefits, $123,- were was . Tut inow ASE Equipped for Boring and Facing Gas Engine Cylinders. 249 in death benefits and $46,853.35 in pension allow- ances. Each year since the founding of the fund by Andrew Carnegie the disbursements have increased, and no case that comes under the regulations governing the distribu- tion of the funds has been passed by. In 1902, the first year after the founding of the fund, $48,213.85 was dis- tributed. The following year the benefits amounted to $180,652.17, and in 1904 the total was $241,988.32. This makes a grand total for the four years of $737.144.49, divided as follows: Accident, $351,015.64; death benefits, $263,332 : $122,796.85. The total number of cases cared for since the beginning of the distribution is as follows: Accident, 7458; death, 523; pension, 399, or altogether 8380. The fund was established by Mr. Carnegie in Jan- uary, 1902, when he set aside $4,000,000, the interest from which relief of injured em- ployees, to pay death benefits and to provide annuities for those who, after 15 years of employment with the Carnegie Steel Company or constituent companies, reach the age of 60 and are judged physically disqualified for longer continuing at work. While the affairs of the Re- lief Association are conducted separately from the Car- negie Hero Fund, they are under the same management, F. M. Wilmot being at the head, with J. B. Erskine as his assistant. The association has offices in Room 327 of the Carnegie Building, Pittsburgh. pensions, was to be devoted to the ——__ >opP —— — At the annual election of the Buffalo Foundry- men’s Association, held last week, the following officers were chosen: President, Lyman P. Hubbell; vice- president, William H. Barr; John E. treasurer, George M. Treffs. Gorss: secretary, The Pittsburgh Steel Company, Pittsburgh, Pa., has closed a contract with the Pittsburgh Coal Company for 1000 tons of coal a day for a period of five years. 336 The Use of Water Gas in the Arts. Water gas is used in this country only to a very small extent as the processes now employed for its production are uneconomical and expensive to install. In these plants water gas is made by blowing steam through glowing fuel and heating the latter up at certain inter- vals by blowing air through. Generally gas is made for about four to five minutes, and air blown for the four to f SPARK ARRESTER ' PLATFORM GAS VALVES STEAM INLET | WORKING GAS OUTLET GAS ON BOTTOM THE LION AGE A Form of Water Gas Generator Built by Oskar Nagel, New York. five minutes following, &c. During the hot blowing period a poor producer gas is formed, which can be utilized only under favorable local conditions. The long intervals between the gas making periods necessitates the use of a very large holder, and in places wher the pro- ducer gas has to be used, a second holder has to be in- stalled, which means a large increase in the first cost. In Europe great strides have been made in this art; the first cost of apparatus has been considerably reduced, und the yieid in water gas doubled. European engineers THE IRON AGE January 25, 1906 have entirely done away with the production of producer gas in this process. By using a lower layer of fuel, and an air blast of certain pressure, the making of water gas is carried on now continuously for eight to nine minutes, and then hot blowing is done for three-quarters to one minute. The handling of the apparatus is simplified and made absolutely safe by an interlocking valve device. The size of the holder is decreased, the first cost reduced, and the introduction of this valuable gas greatly facili- tated. There are now over 200 of such water gas plants iu operation on the Continent and in England. They are used for open hearth and crucible steel melting; melting of every kind; annealing, brazing, tempering, soldering and forging, and chain, spring and needle manufacture. The purity of the flame and the ability to regulate the temperature from low to the highest values, make water gas especially adapted for the above named uses. Welding with water gas as compared to welding with coke effects a saving of 50 per cent. in fuel, besides a saving in labor. Fourteen to eighteen feet of %-inch boiler iron can be welded in one hour, with the help of three men. Boiler iron from %-inch up to 3 inches can be welded successfully into the most complicated shape at a lower cost than ordinary riveting. Some of the most prominent European welding concerns are now using water gas exclusively for welding large tubes in any length, flues, masts, buoys, annealing pots, flanges and car wheels. Water gas plants are also used with great economy and convenience in chain making. The saving in fuel is 40 to 60 per cent. In the manufacture of rivets and bolts, nails, horseshoes, smiths’ forges, hardware and cutlery, it is used with equal success, and also for annealing and tempering tools, saws, &c. Thirty-five to forty cubic feet of gas of 285 British thermal unit heating value are ob- tained from one pound of coke. With coke at $4.00 per ton 1000 cubic feet of gas will cost six cents, excluding depreciation, wages, &c. One thousand feet of water gas are equivalent to 500 feet of illuminating gas. The illustration shows a water gas generator built in this country by Dr. Oskar Nagel, 90 Wall street, New York, which follows European practice. The generator, which is a cylindrical shell, lined with firebrick, and provided with the necessary valves for entrance of air, &e., is filled with coke to a certain hight, and blown hot by means of a positive blower. During this period -the air inlet valve and the charging door leading to the flue are open and the gas valves closed. The air enters under tne grate and goes through the fuel to the stack. When the generator is sufficiently hot, the air inlet and charging door are closed and at the same time the upper and lower gas valves are opened, depending upon where the gas is to leave the generator. Then steam is blown into the fuel until the gas becomes poor in quality, which can be seen from a test flame, Chemically the process consists of the combination of the oxygen of the steam with the carbon of the coal to form carbon monoxide, and hydro- gen is liberated as represented by the formula H.0+C=CO+2H. The average composition of the water gas is: H, 50 per cent.; CO, 40 per cent.; CO., 3.5 per cent.; N, 4.3 per cent.; C H,, 0.7 per cent. ; O, 0.5 per cent. When the quality of the gas deteriorates the steam valve is closed, the air valve and charging door opened, the gas outlet closed, and the blower started. In this way air and steam are blown alternately through the gen- erator. The steam is blown in from the top and from the bottom alternately to make the distribution of the heat in the generator more uniform. Fuel is charged through the charging door after three periods of gas making. The generator is provided with tight doors through which clinkers and ashes are removed. The air and gas valve are interlocked, so that they cannot be opened at the same time; when the air valve is opened the generator is locked and vice versa. This insures absolute safety. The generator and all the valves are worked from the platform. The water gas after leaving the generator goes to the scrubber which is filled with coke and sprinkled with water; from here the gas goes to a small holder, which serves as an equalizer. January 25, 1906 Prospects for Free Industrial Alcohol, WASHINGTON, D. C., January 23, 1906.—Notable prog- ress has recently been made in the campaign to secure the enactment of legislation providing free grain alcoho! for industrial use. Since the beginning of the present session no less than eight bills have been presented in the House providing for free denaturalized spirits for use in the arts, and such strong pressure has been brought to bear upon the Ways and Means Committee, to which these bills have been referred, that a resolution has been adopted to give hearings to all interested parties, the first session to be held on February 7. Interests Urging Legislation, The advocates of this legislation now include all the leading manufacturers of gasoline engines, automobiles, motor boats, many producers of iron and steel articles finished with lacquers, bronzes and enamels, manufac- turers of smokeless powder and fixed ammunition, in addition to a host of farmers represented by the National Grange, an organization that is pushing the alcohol bills in the hope of providing a method of utilizing surplus crops of grain, fruit and potatoes, to the great advantage of the agricultural classes. The bill on which the major- ity of those interested in this campaign appear to have united has been introduced in the House by Representa- tive Calderhead of Kansas, and provides as follows: On and after the passage of this act no internal revenue tax shall be levied or collected on ethyl alcohol of domestic production which has been rendered undrinkable or unfit for use as a beverage prior to withdrawal from distillery bonded warehouse. Sec. 2. The Commissioner of Internal Revenue, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, shall prescribe the necessary regulations to carry this act into effect. Sec. 3. Any person or persons who rectify or purify ethyl alcohol which has been removed from distillery warehouse free of tax under the provisions of this act, so to remove or separate therefrom by any process whatever the substance or substances which have been added thereto for the purpose of rendering such ethyi alcohol undrinkable or unfit for use as a_ bever- age, shall, on conviction, be subjected to a fine of not less than $500 nor more than $5000, and be imprisoned not less than six months nor more than three years. Similar bills have been presented by Representatives Roberts of Massachusetts, Hill of Connecticut and Mar- shall of North Dakota. Representative Jones of Wash- ington has introduced a bill reviving the free alcohol provisions of the Wilson tariff act, which was appealed after being nullified by the Treasury Department on the ground that they were impracticable. Representative Lovering of Massachusetts has presented a bill permit- ting domestic alcohol to be withdrawn from bonded ware- house for use in the manufacture of goods for export with benefit of rebate of the internal revenue tax on the same terms upon which drawback of duty is now allowed on imported alcohol used for the same purpose. The passage of so comprehensive a bill as that introduced by Representative Calderhead was strongly advocated by the National Board of Trade at its annual convention held in this city last week, and many other commercial organi- zations throughout the country are becoming interested in this campaign. Alcohol for Power Purposes, Owing to the increased use of small motors the manu- facturers of automobiles, power launches and internal combustion engines are taking an important part in this movement. They declare that alcohol is not only a de- cidedly satisfactory substitute for gasoline as a motor fuel, but it is superior in many important particulars. It is clean, odorless and free from danger of accidental explosion. The vapor given off is not inflammable unless closely confined and naked lights can be used around the machine with impunity. The worst danger to be appre- hended from a leak in the pipe or storage tank would be the loss of the fuel, or a slow fire, if a flame came into actual contact with the alcohol. The supply is absolutely unlimited. Alcohol can be obtained from all substances containing sugar or starch, or compounds which can be transformed into sugar, such as corn, grains of all kinds, potatoes, cane and beet sugar refuse, grape skins and refuse of wine making, &c. Increased demand can only have the effect of increasing production and stimulating THE IRON AGE 337 efforts to perfect and cheapen processes of distillation and distribution. In countries where it is not made artificially dear by taxation alcohol is rapidly taking the place of gasoline and other petroleum distillates as a fuel for explosive motors of all kinds. In all the leading European coun- tries alcohol made undrinkable by officially prescribed processes of denaturization is tax free. The use of alcohol as a fuel is prevented in this country by an internal rev- enue tax equal to more than 1,000 per cent. of its cost. Under the present tax alcohol is fifteen times as costly as gasoline at its present price. If the tax on alcohol were removed it would be as cheap as gasoline, if not cheaper, and would be the best fuel for explosive engines. Smokeless Powder and Fulminates, Manufacturers of smokeless powder are also taking part in this campaign. The weight of alcohol required in making the best smokeless powder is 1.4 times the weight of the finished powder. The internal revenue tax on this alcohol is $2.08 per gallon, making the tax on the quantity necessary to use in making a pound of the best smokeless powder 37 cents. The result is that the Amer- ican sportsman must either be satisfied to use an inferior powder, with the danger of fouling and corroding, or pay an excessive price for the best. With the tax removed the best powder would also be much the cheapest. The failure of our revenue laws to provide for the use, free of tax, of alcohol for industrial purposes has totally destroyed the manufacture in this country of ful- minating powder or fulminate of mercury, the explosive agent used in percussion caps and cartridges of all kinds. Practically all the fulminate of mercury used in the United States is now made in Canada, the alcohol being shipped from this country in bond, without payment of tax, and used in bonded manufacturing warehouses in the production of the fulminate, This is exported to the United States, paying a customs duty of 30 per cent., which is considerably less than our internal revenue tax on the alcohol necessary to manufacture it. The result of the present policy of taxing alcohol used for industrial purposes is, therefore, to give employment to Canadian workmen, instead of American workers, and to prevent the development of an important industry in this coun- try. With untaxed alcohol not only would every pound of fulminate used in this country be made he