The Iron Age 1905-12-07: Vol 76 Iss 23

THE IRON “AG w35 O M5, in tA A Review of the Hardware, Iron, Machinery and 12030 , ie Gi , Published every Thursday Morning by David Williams Co., 232-238 William sed few York, . 76: No. 23. New York, Thursday, December 7, 1905. Een ‘eee rere Reading Matter Contents Alphabetical Index to Advertisers “ 245 Classified List of Advertisers “ 6237 Advertising and Subscription Rates‘‘ 1588 FORSTER PULLEY WORKS, Cuba, N. Y. ae U. M. C. ADVERTISING The American ee Co. This sample cut shows dealers in some measure the character of the ye — U. M. C. advertising that goes to Ropes and Oe ete t 4,000,000 readers every month 65 Wall Street, New York Such advertising hurries the sale of U. M. C. Cartridges und Shot Shells The Union Metallic Cartridge Co. ristl § Patent Steel Belt Lacing, Bridgeport, Conn, SAVES AGENCY : DEpor: 313 Broadway, 86-88 First St., Time, Belts, New York, N. Y. San Francisco, Cal. Money. @ GreatestStrength READY TO APPLY §=FinisHEDvowy With Least Metal Send fer Circulars and Free Samples. THE BRISTOL CO., Waterbury, Conn. ee ae STIRLING CONSOLIDATED BOILER CO. see page 53 Friese seater |Capewell Horse Nails in Japan Samson Cordage Works, "ysts" Branch Office, 11 aa, New York. Cleveland City —y and IronCo., - Cleveland, O, TURN BUCH UuFts. MERRILL BROS., Di? 465 to 471 Kent Ave , Srooklyn, E.D., N.Y. fard Building, cota PILLING & CRANE, fant er Pek THE CAPEWELL HORSE NAIL Co., Gentlemen: This is to certify that I have used the Capewell horse nail for several years and find that it is good in quality, drives well, never breaks and keeps long. I have no hesitation in asserting that the Capewell nail is incomparably the best. A TE S. ASABA, Veterinary Surgeon, Licensed by the Minister of Agriculture and Commerce, Atsuki Machi, Kanagawa Ken. “sede The Capewell Horse Nail Co; ™<sisr* Ts Packing of Joints will not be a source of much trouble or annoyance if you will take the precau- ¥ tion to procure the genuine JENHINS ’°96 PACKING It will make perfect steam joint instantly. All genuine bears Trade Mark as shown in the cut. JENKINS BROS., New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago, London. poe aone mite UrnOS mm, Apollo Best Bloom Gal- vanized Sheets are good to look at—but the beauty of them is—they’re always the same—and always sure ae to give unlimited service. cau tot bin eg tmemean TUBE @ STAMPING COMPANY SEE See MAGNOLIA METAL. AM ERIC AN asian aie Anti-Friction ee for all Machinery Bearings. SHEET & TIN PLATE eee COMPANY’S — MAGNOLIA METAL CO., Ad. on Page 16, owe cnicage Fisher Bldgs we YORK.” We Saautasvare ai gradee of Babbar Seales bo THE IRON AGE SHEET THE PLUME & ATWOOD MFG, CC, Ran [BRASS — the Queen’s Run - Sheet and Roll Brass Fire Brick co. | COPPER WIRE a PRINTERS’ BRASS, JEWELERS’ METAL, GERMAN SILVER AND GILDING METAL, COPPER RIVETS HIGHEST GRADE GERMAN SHEET ae. ROD Pins, Brass Butt Hinges, Jack Chain, Kero. Shapes a Specialty SILVER el OS eae LOW BRASS. SHEET BRONZE. | * MUBEBAY St., NEW YORE. 144 HIGH ST., BOSTON, SEAMLESS BRASS AND COPPER 199 LAKE 8T., CHICAGO, TUBING. BRAZED BRASS AND| _ xotr0 mu: FACTORIES : THOMASTON, CONN. WATERBURY, CONN, Lock Haven, Penn. BRONZE TUBING. :: ::::3:% posal iit" || WATERBURY BRASS CO, oo azsees’ oo” feel draw , Nickeli BRASS, heets Cold Rolled oe WATERBURY, CONN. GERMAN SILVER, Patent Leveled, &c. ,&c. Sheets, rite ; 99 John St, New York. Providence, R. I. - Bg = Fm me pen ‘ aims nase, Amaia ide diiiamiszcn - a Shells, » Mi , met - Bridgeport Deoxidized Bronze &| f °""=ttome. “imo “soodn. ine Clanden pecial Brass Goods to Order. ee PLATES BRIDGEPORT, GONN. eee mn High Tensile Strength. Broth _ Company || Bronze and Aluminum Alloys, || H@Nry Souther Engineering Co, HARTFORD, CONN. Analyst 8. sesumeny say tn Coent i telttee mom Metal 60. FactTorigs: Automobile Castings a Specialty. |B *E¥ vor. CHICAGO. BOSTON. We Follansbee heehee nage Makers Pittsburgh Write Us. Consulting Chemists, Metallurgists and and Patent Cases. Matthiessen & Hegeler Zinc Co., a Arthur T. Rutter & Gy. SHEET ZINC AND SULPHURIC ACID. a Special Sizes of Zinc cut to order. Rolled Battery Plates. NEW YORKA. eee ae _ Small tabing in Brass, Copper. EEE Steel, Aluminum, German Silver. Cc. eet Brass, Co rand Ger- ZINCS FOR LECLANCHE BATTERY. ein aaa Moone German Silver Wire. Brazed and cgi Oonper aad Brose Rode TA Ree a 88-72 West Monroe St. Chicago. BRIDGEPORT, CONN. Best Bronze, Babbitt Metals, Brass and Alaminum SSTINSS.... Postel and Murray Sty New York. 8 5-87 Pearl St., yell N. 7th ‘st, oP hiladelph: a "a'Atuminum 2 CASTINGS) pass (SHEET Ww. G. ROWELL CO., Bridgeport, Conn. AND TUBIN< 5 HENDRICKS BROTHERS Copper | WIRE PROPRIETURS OF THE Belleville Copper Rolling Mills, |"‘Srienea Wits cna Tosins. MANUPACTURERS OF Braziers’ Bolt and Sheathing GEORGE KROUSE COPPER, HEAVY CASTINGS CoE . Er W7iRE RIV EB Manufacterer of all kinds of ail Importers and aS - ee Brass and Composition Casting Ingot Copper, Block Tin, Spelter, Lead, Antimony, etc. pirates Mase Metals, | Hard Composition and 49 CLIFF ST., NEW YORK. 160 to 154 Morgan hon, JERSEY CITY, N. J. 0 THE IRON AGE New York, Thursday, December 7, 1905. The La Belle 84-Inch Plate Mill. Illustrations are herewith given of the 84-inch plate mill recently built for the La Belle Iron Works, Steuben- ville, Ohio, by the United Engineering & Foundry Com- pany, Pittsburgh, Pa. The mill itself is shown in Figs. 1 and 2, Fig. 1 being the entering side and Fig. 2 the off side. Fig. 3 is a ground plan, showing the arrangement of the rolls, conveyor tables and auxiliaries. This mill has a number of interesting features. The conveyor tables between the furnace and mill are ar- ranged with extra heavy solid rollers immediately in front of the opening of the furnaces, on which the piece falls when pushed out by the slab pushers. This is a particularly heavy design of table, with rollers very close and side brackets are cast steel, bolted with body bound bolts, with reamed fit, to the cheek plates, which are 24 inches long and 21% inches thick, giving a very broad and ample bearing to all the bolts, the lack of which has been a common fault in most plate mill tables. The tables from the center of the mill are 30 feet 6 inches long and have a stroke of about 22 inches, operated by one set of connecting links to both sides of the table from a cylinder located under the wide portion of the conveyor table, this cylinder being arranged to choke the water and cushion the table both on its upward and downward direction. All the roller bearings are machined endwise, thus making one continuous connection between all the Fig. 1.—The La Belle 84-Inch Plate Mill.—Entering Side. together, having extra large brass bushed bearings, and are carried by heavy steel beams, strongly reinforced at the point where they cross over the flues for the fur- naces. It will be noted that this table is broadened out at a point near the tilting tables to receive the ends of any long plates which may overlap the actual tilting portion of the main tables. The wide section is of simi- lar design to the narrow portion, the rollers being made heavier to make up for the extra long length. The tilting tables are in some respects of novel de- sign. A cradle is used instead of the regular plain bear- ings; this cradle is a babbitted and brass bushed bearing, which allows of the fulcrum point being located at a convenient hight to suit a direct drive, using the simplest arrangement of gears possible, thus doing away with the ordinary large number of gears at this point and mak- ing it very easy of access for repairs. This will be understand more easily by referring to Fig. 1, which covers this portion of the work. These tables are very close centers, which necessitates driving them from a main line shaft on both sides of the table. All the gears bearings on the table, and they are all interchangeable. Heavy type 10 x 12 inch engines are used to drive these tables, which are operated by the Ahlen hydraulic operating rig, from one lever on the pulpit. This pulpit, not shown on the plan, is fitted with Wood’s valves, which are of late design and are giving excellent satis- faction. The mill itself is a standard 30 x 84 inch United Engineering & Foundry Company plate mill, but in many particulars is much heavier than the company’s regular mill heretofore built. This was necessary for the reason that an exceptionally large engine, 44 x 60 inches, is used to drive it. This of course will allow of the mill being pushed to its utmost capacity and should result in a very large output of the class of product for which it is intended. The screw down is operated by an electric motor, with worm connection to the screws, and in this case a slip gear has been specially designed as a safety guard feature in case any undue strain is brought on the screws through a piece sticking between the rollers or some other accident of similar nature. The middle oe 12 THE I cn roll is arranged to lift by hydraulic cylinders, while the upper roll has a special design of steelyard balance, which is arranged to take the weights out of the pit, thus avoiding the ordinary trouble of scale filling up all around the weights and levers. The tables leading up to the straightening machine and to the shears are all of similar design—namely, hav- ing brass bushings in the bearings, steel miters, and in general construction being stiff and strongly made tables, similar to but wider than the conveyor table at the fur- naces. They are driven by 50 horse power motors of the regular street car type, and of course have interchange- able base plates with the other similar motors used on the mill. The straightening machine shown in Fig. 4 is of the nine-roll type, very heavy and compact in design, all the rollers being forged steel and the upper ones bal- anced. It has a capacity to straighten 1-inch plates the full width of the machine and is arranged for motor drive. The shears, Fig. 5, are of very heavy construction, 110 inches wide, with steel gearing, steel crabs and forged ted — Pe ee ey lt Rn pat newer anene F Fig. 2.—-The steel main shaft, driven by 75 horse-power A. C. motors. The slitting shear is of the same design, but arranged with a different opening in the knife to suit its parti- cular class of work. A somewhat different arrangement is used at the first, or cross-cut, shear than usual, inas- much as the plates are carried through the back of the shear before cutting, the tilting table being used to allow the scrap to go down when being sheared. A roll turning device has been built for this mill which is arranged somewhat differently from the regular method found in most mills. The bed plates are ex- tended on the outer end of the mill and the roll turn- ing rig is «pplied on this end—that is, the power is taken through the bottom roll first, then to the pinions and thus to the top roll, not using the main engines at all, the turning rig being operated by a direct geared 20 horse-power A. C. motor. This makes a neat self con- tained arrangement, which is designed to be lifted away when Lot in use by the regular traveling crane which spans the mill. As will be observed in the illustration Fig. 6, it is in a very compact design, all the shafts being very accessible in case of any trouble, and as a whole makes a very stiff and rigid construction. All the main gears are machine molded and the two pair of high speed gears are cut, with forged steel pinions. All shafts are forged stee) and the frame is cast iron. It will be IRON La Belle 84- AGE December 7, 1905 noted that the connection to the mill for operation is with one of the regular half coupling boxes. All of the above machinery, including the conveyor table, mill and mill tables, runout tables, straightening machine and shears, was designed and _ built by the United Engineering & Foundry Company, with the co- operation of W. D. Crawford, the manager of the plant, The heating plant was built by Alex Laughlin & Co.. Pittsburgh, Pa., and consists of two of their patented automatic discharge continuous heating furnaces and five grateless water seal gas producers. Fig. 7 shows the plan and Fig. 8 the elevation of these furnaces, the feature of which is that the slabs are charged at end of the furnace and are pushed through the furnace to the other end, where they are discharged by gravity on the conveyor which carries them to the mill. The capac ity of these two furnaces varies greatly according to the size and thickness of the slabs, but the builders state that the average capacity would probably be about 200 tons per single turn. The engine which drives this mill, zontal Corliss, with a cy one Fig. 9, is a hori- ylinder 44 inches in diameter by THE Iron AGE Inch Plate Mill.—Off Side. 60-inch stroke. It is of massive construction, with large wearing surfaces throughout, being designed and built by Mackintosh, Hemphill & Co., Pittsburgh, Pa., who make a specialty of this class of work. The crank shaft jour- nal bearings are 21 inches in diameter and 36 inches long, the body of the shaft being 25 inches in diameter. The fly wheel is 24 feet in diameter, weighing 50 tons. The total weight of the engine is 380,000 pounds. When started in August the mill made a very cred- itable output from the commencement and on several turns recently has made record breaking runs. rr The Passaic Steel Company. Arrangements consummated recently have brought an adjustment of the financial difficulties of the Passaic Steel Company, Paterson, N. J. The structural mills and bridge works of the company are now making a record in production, and with a continuance of pres- ent conditions in the iron trade the outlook is for the gradual extrication of the company from the. entangle- ments that have hampered its operations for some months. and creditors, which successful conclusion, The negotiations with bondholders recently’ have been brought to a December 7, 1905 THE IRON AGE 1513 were prolonged by complica- tions inthe company’s finances, the result in part of the slackness in the iron trade last years in part of the heavy outlay necessary for rehabili- tating the plant after years of small outlay for mainte- nance and improvement. The changes made on the coming in of a new management were also a factor. Briefly, the steps recently taken involved the issue of $1,000,000 of pre- ferred stock, of which nearly four-fifths has been sub- scribed and nearly one-half has been paid in. The Passaic Stee? company was organized in November, 1902, to take over ee ee ae gO ae we oe nm en ees aos UV3HS ONILLIIdS ZNV¥O NOLS | ->| i | o | id or i<- — - -----001----~---—--—-— ; ‘ | T ’ BVIHS B1V) Anh 3NIHOWW ONILAND 1834 = = 3 the properties and business —- of the Passaic Rolling Mill = Company, but the actual —! transfer did not take place = until February 16, 1903. A. = C. Fairchild was elected pres- = ident of the new company, F. = F. Searing vice-president and — J. Barclay Cooke secretary and treasurer. Mr. Fairchild had been vice-president of the: = Passaic Rolling Mill Com- =e pany and was president of =F that company for a few <= z months preceding February, = 3 1903, following the retirement a. of W. O. Fayerweather, who had been president and the principal stockholder for a number of years. The Pas- saic Steel Company took over the entire capital stock of the Passaic Rolling Mill Com- pany in exchange for shares OOOO in the new company, which was capitalized at $5,000,000. GAS EROCUCERS There was a bond issue of - $2,500,000, of which the pro- ceeds of $2,000,000 went to the purchase of the leading a holdings in the old company, +e while the proceeds of the re- maining $500,000 were. to be devoted to improvements on the property. The programme of improvements begun under the new management in 1903 consisted of the building of two new 50-ton open hearth furnaces equipped with a g eee. charging machine, the build- Z 3 ing of a new soaking pit fur- alll e<<-------- nace, the installation of a new engine for the 21-inch mil] and of a new generator of 200 kw. capacity. As a matter of fact the expendi- tures amounted ‘o $824,000, so that the excess over the $500,000 provided for became a charge against the working capital of the company. On April 1, 1905, Nivem McConnell, who had. built the Donora, Pa., plant for the Union Steel Company, became connected with the Passaic Steel Company as vice-presi- dent and general manager. It was the expectation, in con- nection with Mr. McConnell’s coming, that $750,000 would “oe — — — —— 865 R— eee ae a - - - - — - - K- - l PUUUUUULUULEY Trerervrerrrreerer = ——J rrer\er nN) frre FI UI fl I] BINSLHDIVULS JLivid INU ‘HEN 2381d GOUl--g O19 BI PN} JO UBId—E “31H ANION] Cb X04 OE 3NVHOS NOL 9% —9-88- - i TT oO “ “ E. 9 —---— 7a -—-=--- poe ee oe pe eee ee ie -—- —— - — —9.08- — —-— - + ->| oh TUAW BLvid ' £- Sete iieoadl —-- 2f-= x | BNIONS Zh I I item eee eee ' ' ' 4 4 . } COUT it 7 —6-901---—-------- “ J yOLOW 42) ByOLVINWNDOV dss r 4 S30vVNENS Ontavan MONN LL NO oth @ Pi snimsdial] BNVUO NOL OF SOV NOW! BML GUA wo0as 1514 be raised by the issue of preferred stock to provide addi- tional open hearth furnaces, the finishing capacity of the in excess of its output of plant having always been much THE IRON AGE Jecember 7, 1905 the general trade. Vreviously such material had been handled from the same shipping yard to which material went that was destined for the bridge works. Other Fig. 4 Motor Driven Other improvements were contemplated also, but none of the plans were carried out, as the preferred stock was not subscribed for in the way anticipated, only $55,- 000 of it being taken. Some other money was raised on notes to make changes decided on by the new manage- ment, but the amount soon appeared to be inadequate. The blooming mill required to be overhauled and $15,000 was spent on this account, an additional handicap re- ingots. “Yee troreAar Fig. 5.—Motor Driven 110-Inch Plate Shears. sulting from the shut-down of six weeks required for the work. At the same time the 9-inch mill and the 18-inch mill,which had formerly been devoted to the manufacture of merchant bars, were taken out. The occasion was fur- nished by what the management considered unreasonable demands by the men employed on these mills, but it had been decided that the removal of these mills, which fur- nished a relatively small part of the output-of the plant, would make possible the provision of much better ship- ping facilities for the structural material that went to ‘ Plate Straightening Rolls changes were made calculated to give greater economy by reason of the direct progress of finished steel through the various departments with saving in handling. The problem of financing the expenditures thus in- curred became more difficult, and in the past summer reached the acute stage. The bondholders were called together in August, and after the situation had been thoroughly gone over they made a proposition to the directors. It provided for the taking of $360,000 of the preferred stock by the bondholders at par for cash. The conditions were that al] indebtedness for money loaned Fig. 6.—Roll Turning Device. be converted into preferred stock; that $2,500,000 of common stock be turned over to three trustees to be held for the account of the preferred stockholders subscribing to the $1,000,000 issue of preferred stock authorized April 4, 1905; that as much as possible of outstanding merchandise liabilities be converted into preferred stocks A committee of the creditors, consisting of James East- wood, Fhomas J. Arnold and Niven McConnell thereupon took up the matter with the creditors, with the result that a proposition was accepted that creditors whose December 7, 1905 claims aggregated at least 75 per cent. of the total should subscribe for preferred stock to the extent of at least 37% per cent. of their claims. It was provided that each creditor so subscribing should receive in addition to the preferred stock trust certificates for common stock at the rate of two and one-half shares of common stock for each share of preferred stock. Representing the Cred- itors’ Committee, J. A. McGregor, assistant secretary THE IRON AGE 1515 tary, F. A. Shick; treasurer, J. B. Cooke. The Execu- tive Committee is composed, in addition to the above, of the following, who represent the bondholders: W. D. Zehnder, president Scranton Bolt & Nut Company, Scran- ton, Pa.; Hon. Benj. K. Focht, Lewisburg, Pa., of Davis & Focht, Sunbury, Pa., and director of the Na- tional Deposit Bank, Philadelphia; Wm. A. Arnold, presi- dent American Silk Dyeing & Finishing Company, Haw- i UOC COOOL Fig. 7.—-Plan of the Laughlin Automatic Discharge Continuous Heating Furnaces Built for the La Belle Plate Mill. and treasurer of the Bethlehem Steel Corporation, made a minute examination of the Passaic Steel Company’s books and prepared a complete statement of its affairs. The plan for financing as above outlined was suc- cessfully carried out in October, with the result that the company is now doing business on a cash basis. Of the $1,000,000 of the preferred stock authorized $495,145.50 had been subscribed and paid for by November 1, 1905, and in addition $294,000 had been subscribed to thorne, N. J. The Executive Committee meets each al- ternate Tuesday at the office of the company in Paiter- son to go over the business done the preceding two weeks and pass upon the policy and plans for improvements submitted by the management. As outlays can be made for them, the efficiency of the plant is thus being gradually increased. The output of ingots in November was the largest the plant has made. The October total was also a record. The November out- : . t0 —— ee eee BRICK FOUNDATION CONCRETE HYDRAULIC PUSHER Fig. 8.—Blevation of the Laughlin Continuous Heating Furnaces. be paid for in full by March 10, 1906, installments being payable November 10, December 10, January 10, Feb- ruary 10 and March 10. A statement of the. company’s quick assets on November 1, 1905, showed a total about $500,000 in excess of current liabilities. The outstanding common stock is $5,000,000; first mortgage bonds, $2,- 500,000; preferred stock subscribed for, $784,145.50. The present officers of the company are the following: President and general manager, Niven McConnell; secre- put of blooms was also a record, as was the production of finished material in October. The best tonnage record for 24 hours in the finishing department was made cn November 30, 1905, when the 28-inch mill rolled 240 tons and the 21-inch mill 128 tons, a total of 368 tons. On 1 recent trip to the works a representative of The Iron Age found evidences that the changes already made and those in progress are such as to give a good account ‘of themselves in future operations. With the improved are Cie 1516 physical condition of the plant and the experience and harmonious co-operation of those in authority the enter- prise has seemingly good prospects of success. ———_+o-——. The Hudson River Tunnels. Three pairs of tunnels are now being extended under the Hudson River between New York and Jersey City. Of the first scheme, The Original Hudson Hiver Tunnel, which was started some 25 years ago, the north tube has been finished between the shores and the south one is rapidly nearing the New York side, the work upon the latter being prosecuted from the western approach. The projectors of this tunnel never reached that stage in the undertaking where it was necessary to determine with any degree of exactness the location of the termini in the two cities. They took the ground that there would be time enough to decide these questions after they had completed the tubes under the river. This was perhaps a wise conclusion, since the completion of the tubes had always been a doubtful proposition until the present company, the New York & New Jersey Railroad Com- pany, obtained the franchise and assumed control. Fig. 9.—The La Belle Plate Mill Engine, Built by Mackintosh, Hemphill & Co., Pittsburgh. The original charter of this company was granted in perpetuity, and it had a permanent grant by the Land Office of the State of a right of way 160 feet wide under the Hudson, but it had no privilege of more than , entering the city—that is, it could not select its route to a terminus without further permission. The law of 1894 creating the present Rapid Transit Railroad Com- mission gave to that body full power in regard to fran- chises for roads to be operated wholly within the city of Greater New York and also railroads operated without the city and desirous of entering. The company there- fore made application to the commission for permission to extend its line. The extended route led from the foot of Morton street to Greenwich street, to a terminal sta- tion at Christopher and West Tenth streets; thence west along Christopher and West Ninth streets to Fourth ave- nue, and also north under Sixth avenue to Thirty-third street. All this work was to be done at such a depth as would not interfere with any underground roads that might in the future be laid down by the commission. When these extensions shall have been completed the company is to pay the city 50 cents per linear foot of single track and of station platform for the first ten years and $1 per annum per linear foot during the next 15 years. An additional annual payment is to be made of 3 per cent. of the gross receipts for the first ten years THE IRON AGE December 7, 1905 and 5 per cent. afterward. The gross receipts for the first ten years are agreed to be $300,000. Although the charter is a perpetual one the rental paid to the city is to be readjusted at the end of every period of 25 years. Although at first intended as a steam road solely the plans have been changed so that ouly a trolley service will use the tubes. The route forms connections with both the east and west side New York Elevated Railroad systems and with the present subway, and acts as a feeder for the entire New York dry goods district. At the present rate of progress the work will probably be finished during the ceming year. The Pennsylvania Tunnels, This undertaking, noted as calling for the largest single contract for iron and steel ever placed, something over 500,000 tons, is being prosecuted all along the line. The station excavation at Thirty-third street has been practically completed. The two tubes under the Hud- son are being driven from both ends, as are the four fubes under the East River. The large power house lo- cated at Long Island City, which was described in our issue of November 2, in connection with the electrifica- tion of the Long Island Railroad, has been finished. Ex- tensive plants for tunnel construction have been erected at Long Island City, at First avenue and Thirty-second street and Thirty-third street and Eleventh avenue, New York, and at Wehawken, N. J. In these days of discussion of municipal ownership of public utilities it is interesting to note the terms of the franchise grant- ed to the Pennsylvania Company. The benefit to be derived by the city from:the provision of a ter- minal station in the heart of the city by one of the great trunk railroads is beyond calcu- lation. And yet the Rapid Tran- sit Commission considered that the benefit was mutual and that, while granting a franchise in perpetuity, it would be no more than just for the company to pay a nominal sum for the priv- ileges it receives. It therefore pays $100 per year for the use of the river beds outside of the pier head lines; for passing under the piers and docks it must pay the annual sum of 50 cents per lineal foot of single track for the first ten years and $1 per foot for the next 15 years; it must pay at the same rates and for the same periods for each foot of single track under the streets of the city; it must pay for the use of the streets at the station the annual amount of $14,000 for the first ten years and $28,000 for the next 15 years; for the station at Thirty-third strcet and Fourth avenue the payment is to be at the rate of $1140 for ten years ard $2280 for the following 15 years. These amounts are to be readjusted at the end of every 25 years. The company also pays $36,000 per annum for that portion of Thirty-second street which was re- quired by the station. Hudson and Manhattan Railroad. This is the third tunnel project between Jersey City and New York. Borings are now being made along the route in New York and preliminary work is going on on the other side of the river. The two tunnels forming the river portion of this scheme will extend from the Penn- sylvania Railroad depot in Jersey City across the river almost at a right angle. The south tube passes under Cortlandt street to Church, to Fulton, to the river. The station will be on Church street from Cortlandt to Ful- ton. There will be a spur from the station to the Fulton- John street station of the subway. This tunnel, like both the others, must be carried at such a depth as not to December 7, 1905 interfere with any future plans of the Rapid Transit Commission. When discussing the franchise to be granted to this company the commission said: “ The tunnel authorized by this franchise terminates at the west end at the boun- dary line between the States of New York and New Jersey, and from that line west the tunnel must be con- tinued under the authority of New Jersey. It is obvious that the New York grant is susceptible of use only in connection with the New Jersey part of the tunnel under the Hudson River. If the New York grant were lim- ited, then at the end of the limited term the grant would be of no use or advantage to the city. A readjustment of rental charges at 25-year intervals will, in cases like this, give the city all the practical advantage of a lim- itation of the life of the grant.” The franchise was therefore given in perpetuity. The company is to pay $100 for the use of the river bed outside of the pier line; 50 cents per foot of single tracks under the docks for the first ten years and $1 for the next 15 years; the same rate is to be paid for the foot passenger way under Dey street and Broadway; for the underground portions of Cortlandt, Dey and Fulton streets next the station, 40 cents per square foot for ten years and 80 cents for the remaining 15 years. For the right to pass ander the streets the company pays $9000 per annum for ten years and $15,000 per annum for 15 years following, these amounts being, respectively, 3 and 5 per cent. of gross earnings of $300,000 per year. At the end of 25 years the rentals are to be readjusted. This tunnel will serve as a New York station of the Pennsylvania Railroad for passengers and baggage, but its franchise does not permit the company to do a local passenger traffic. The same restriction applies to the other two roads. At the Jersey City terminus the tunnel will provide connection with the extensive trolley lines of the Public Service Corporation and by that means provide easy access to the business district of New York. It is the intention to connect this terminus with the Central Rail- road of New Jersey, the Erie and the Delaware, Lacka- wanna & Western. Two tunnels will make these connec- tions, running north and south along the shore. This will be longer than the river portion and will require a correspondingly greater amount of material for its construction. The old Hudson Tunnel and the last mentioned scheme are controlled by the Hudson companies and the plans are being prepared and executed by the same staff. It is expected that the preliminary work will shortly be so far advanced as to warrant advertising for bids for construction. The work will be done in the same way as in the other two tunnels. The headings will be driven by the shield method and flanged cast iron plates will form the tube proper. The entire route will be under compressed air except the section in New York east of West street. The tunnels under the river will diverge from each other as they near the New York shore and will be independ- ent of each other for the entire distance. In reality the New York portion constitutes a large loop, entering the city at Cortlandt street and. leaving at Fulton. Calculated upon the basis of the Pennsylvania tun- nels it is probable that this work will require more than 100,000 tons of metal for the completion of the entire line, oo ooo A New Sewer Pipe Company.—After several months of preliminary work locating deposits of clay and experi- menting to ascertain its properties it has been decided by the principal stockholders of the Blackmer & Post Pipe Company, St. Louis, to organize the Post Pipe Com- pany under the laws of the State of Texas, with a capi- tal of $125,000, to build and operate a sewer pipe manu- facturing plant at Texarkana. The factory will be lo- cated on seven and a haif acres of ground in the western part of the city and will be directly connected by switches with the Texas & Pacific, Iron Mountain, Kansas City Southern and the Cotton Belt railroads, thus giving un- usual facilities for distribution of the product of the THE IRON AGE 1517 plant. The improvements to be erected will be a main factory building of brick, 80 x 252 feet, three stories, with brick annex, 40x 100 feet, for engine, boilers and heavy clay grinding machinery, and eight 32-foot down draft kilns of the most approyed construction. The officers of the Post Pipe Company will be L. W. Post, president ; L. R. Blackmer, vice-president; J. T. Wallace, second vice-president; G. R. Payne, secretary and treasurer, and M. P. Post, superintendent. L. W. Post will take up his residence in Texarkana and give his personal atten- tion to the construction and equipment of the plant and to the operation of the company’s business. ——— Closed Shop Contract Held to Be Valid. The New York State Court of Appeals, at Albany, has handed down a decision in the case of Jacob vs. Cohen, holding valid an agreement entered into voluntarily by an employer, providing for the employment of union men exclusively. The majority opinion of the court, written by Judge Gray, is concurred in by Chief Judge Cullen and Judges Haight and Werner. Judge Vann wrote a dissenting opinion, concurred in by Judge Bartlett. Judge O’Brien, the seventh member of the court, was ill and absent when the case was decided. Judge Vann in his dissenting opinion says that the Court of Appeals in up- holding the contract between the Cohens and the tailors’ union reverses itself. The case is that of Meny Jacobs, president of the Pro- tective Coat Tailors’ and Pressers’ Union, Local 55, against Morris & Louis Cohen, contracting tailors. The action grew out of a closed shop contract which the Cohens made in employing members of the union four years ago. The Cohens gave a note of $200, which was to be applied to liquidate any damages in case of a violation of the contract. A falling out took place between the union and the contractors later and the Cohens at once made an “open shop” and employed nonunion men. The action was then begun against them for damages under the con- tract. The defense set up was that the contract with the union was illegal, being against public policy and in re- straint of trade. Justice Garretson in special term of the Supreme Court, in Brooklyn, sustained a demurrer made by the plaintiffs holding the contract was legal. An appeal was then taken by the defendants to the Appellate Division, which reversed the decision of Justice Garretson, holding that the contract was illegal, as the defendants contend- ed. The case was then taken to the Court of Appeals. Judge Gray held that the agreement made by the employ- er voluntarily with his workmen was not obnoxious on any ground of public policy, and in this connection said: If it might operate to prevent some persons from being em- ployed by the firm, or, possibly, from remaining in the firm’s employment, that is but an incidental feature. Its restrictions were not of an oppressive nature, operating generally in the community to prevent such craftsmen from obtaining emplo,- ment and from earning their livelihood. Nor does the answer aver that it was intended to injure other workmen, or that it was made with a malicious motive to coerce any to their injury through their threatened deprivation of all opportunity of pur- suing their lawful vocation. To coerce workmen to become members of the employees’ organization through such a contract is not the allegation of something which the law will, necessar- ily, regard as contravening public policy. The allegation that its “ purposes are in restraint of trade,” or that “ they hamper and restrict the freedom of a citizen,” or “ that they are against public policy,” is the mere statement of a legal conclusion. In giving the dissenting opinion Judge Vann said that a labor trust in restraint of free labor is opposed to sound public policy the same as a trust of capital in restraint of free production. The contract in question was in restraint of free labor and therefore illegal and void. Its primary object was to create a monopoly to benefit the members of a single labor union by compelling the discharge of good men who wished to work, but were too independent to join the union under compulsion, or if they were members already, by compelling them to re- main such against their will. While there may have been other purposes they were incidental to this main purpose, which runs through the contract from the first stipulation to the last. ¥é 1518 The Fawcus Double Axle Cutting Off and Centering Machine. The double axle cutting off and centering machine which has been manufactured for some years by the Fawcus Machine Company, Pittsburgh, Pa., has recently been redesigned. An illustration of one of the new ma- chines built for the American Locomotive Company is given in Fig. 1. The appearance of the machine is not materially changed, but the various parts have been modified so as to make the machine practically indestruc- tible and capable of sustaining the abnormal strains consequent upon the use of high speed steel. As may be seen by Fig. 1 the parts are very heavy and substantial. The jaw opening has been increased to 12% inches and the bed length to admit an axle 10 feet long. The racks and pinions for moving the heads and carriages are now placed in front and are operated by a wrench in front of each head or carriage. The feed screw and nut in the centering head are now covered and entirely protected by a plate, which is screwed on the arm of the centering head. Fig. 2 shows. details of the left end of the ma- chine, which is in most respects a counterpart of the other end. The machine consists of a bed carrying two main THE IRON AGE December 7, 1905 of the bed to guide the rough axle through the head stocks. The chucks are then made to grip the axle and the machine started. The machine is driven from a countershaft having two speeds, and when the cutting operation, which progresses simultaneously at each end of the shaft, is half through the second speed is thrown in, accelerating the machine. The increase of speed might be accomplished by using a variable speed motor for the drive, but it has been found that where these machines are used to their fullest capacity the two speeds with the immense power applied to the machine are pref- erable. After the ends have been cut off, by one motion of the levers the centering drills are brought into exact position and with one or two turns of their hand wheels the final operation is accomplished. As before stated, no attempt has been made to depart from the conventional type of machine used for this pur- pose, but every effort has been made to make it more effi- cient and more durable. All gears throughout theentire ma. chine are of steel, most of them cut from solid forgings, with the exception of the ring gear around each head stock, which is made of gun iron. The head stock gear is shrunk and keyed on the head stock so that if neces- sary it may be readily renewed. The chucks and tool posts are of forged steel, the former being fitted with hardened tool steel inserted jaws. A hardened plate is & , Spat Re: . ie & Soo aatnow aoe ayD Fig. 1.—The Fawcus Double End Lathe for Cutting Off and Centering Car Axles. head stocks, two tool carriages and two centering drills. Power i8 applied from a single belt driving pulley through one train of reducing gears to a splined shaft 3% inches in diameter running through the center of the bed. Steel pinions movably splined to this shaft mesh in ring gears on the head stocks. The shaft is supported in bearings at the ends of the bed and the sliding pin- ions have extended hubs journaled in bearings on the head stocks to relieve the shaft of any tendency to spring under the gear thrust. Each head stock is provided with a two-jaw self-centering steel chuck operated by right and left hand screws by means of gears from a single wrench nut. A section through the chuck is shown in Fig. 2. The head stock bearing on the bed is very large and is scraped to a perfect running fit. The platen, or main slide, fitted to the bed of the machine, carries the cutting off slide and tool holder on its front and the centering drill on its rear end, each being gibbed to the main slide. The centering drills are driven by belt from an overhead countershaft. The feed mechanism is belt driven from a cone pulley on the right end of the main driving shaft to a cone pulley on a splined feed shaft carrying bronze worms meshing with steel worm wheels that run loose on the carriage feed screws. A hand wheel keyed to the screw of each tool carriage engages with the worm wheel by means of a clutch, enabling the operator to adjust the tool before applying the power. In operating the machine a roller on an adjustable stand, not shown in the illustrations, is set on each end fitted to the tool carriage under the tool to better with- stand the wearing action of the shank of the tool when in use. The working parts of the centering drills are well protected by strong inclosing parts and are conse- quently in little danger of being broken. All bearings, in- cluding the loose pulleys, are fitted with phosphor bronze bushings. The weight of the machine complete, including the countershaft, is about 15,000 pounds. ————_3-- oe —_—__—_—__ The Jones & Laughlin Steel Company Wins Ore Dust Suit.—Judge Robert 8S. Frazer of Comnion Pleas Court No. 2, at Pittsburgh, has decided that the law does not give the residents of Oakland and property owners whose holdings are near the Eliza Blast Furnaces of the Jones & Laughlin Steel Company the right to have the company enjoined from operating its furnaces with Mesaba ore, which is the cause of the ore dust litigation. This is the second opinion written by Judge Frazer in the litigation brought by residents of the Oakland and Soho districts to restrain the company from so operating its furnaces as to cause ore dust to fall upon adjacent property. The Supreme Court reversed Judge Frazer in the first suit, which is known as the Sullivan case, but the present action, brought by Mrs. Maud McWilliams, Judge Frazer says does not come within the rule laid down by the State’s highest tribunal in the Sullivan case. He therefore dismisses the bill in equity brought by Mrs. McWilliams, but says that the steel company should pay the costs of the case. The nuisance has been abated con- December 7, 1G05 siderably since the first decision and has now reached such a stage, Judge Frazer thinks, that the adjoining property holders must bear what burdens are incident to a manufacturing community. The Menominee Range.* BY JOHN L. BUELL. It is not generally known that a tradition exists with the Menominee Indians, who were the only inhabitants of this range prior to the discovery of iron ore, that if any member of the tribe should disclose to a white man the existence of a mineral deposit his speedy death was sure to follow. This superstition may have influenced the belated discovery and subsequent mining operations on this range, for by bringing specimens, which they could have so readily obtained, to the trading posts they would have incited earlier investigation. Be that as it may, surely it is incomprehensible why for so many years the existence of ore deposits in such vast quantity should have remained unknown. Another embarrassment, and one of more substan- tial import, was the impression that iron ore of quaiity and quantity could only exist in the Marquette range. The geological formation of other districts where indica- tions of ore were prevalent not corresponding with those of the Marquette district, seemed to preclude the possi- bility of the existence of paying ore. This impression was general and so effective as to influence the most active and noted explorers, among whom may be included END VIEW SECTION THROUGH HEADSTOCK THE IRON AGE 1519 disclosed to me the outcropping of the easterly terminus of the Quinnese¢ mine formation. It was not until the spring of 1873 that the title to this tract was restored, and in May exploration was begun and prosecuted until a deposit of blue ore was discovered August 3 in tue same year. When the ore was first struck it had a width of 11 feet of clean ore, a jasper horse 4 feet in width and then 1 foot more of clean ore. Seventy-five feet east the de- posit had a width of 33 feet, running 66 per ceut. iron, 4 per cent. silica and 0.0138 per cent. phosphorus, In the spring and summer of 1874 55 tons of it were hauled to Menominee on sleds and wagons and smelted in the fur- nace at that point with a mixture of Jackson hard ore and Winthrop. The last furnace charge was entirely of the Menominee range ore, thus establishing its tract- ability. MKobert Jackson, superintendent of the furnace, | oma MeL) Saal pS ELEVATION OF LEFT HALF THE IRON AGE Fig. 2.—Details of the Fawcus Axle Cutting Off and Centering Machine. such men as Credner, Pumpelly and Brooks, men of na- tional reputation as geologists. Dr. Credner, as State geologist, ventured so far as to publish in his report the existence of a large deposit of highly silicious iron ore on section 11, 39-29, and Brooks and Pumpelly, with John Armstrong as guide and woods- man, traversed every section of the lower range when making the selections of lands for the Canal Company. They did no little digging on this and the Metropolitan range, but in no instance did they find any deposits of standard ore. Certainly none which they ever disclosed. The edict had gone forth, “ There wis no good ore outside of Marquette County,” and, burdened with this phantasm they strolled blindly over locations from which millions of dollars’ worth of ore have since been extracted and millions more are yet to come. The location of this district, remote from water and rail transportation, the reported severity of its climate, as also the reported bareness of its soil, all tended to divert immigrants. Discoveries of Ore Deposits. In the fall of 1871 the writer, in company with John Armstrong, encamped at the little spring on the present site of the village of Quinnesec. While Armstrong was preparing dinner a little stroll over the bluff to the west * Abstract of a paper read before the Lake Superior Mining Institute at Iron Mountain, Mich., October, 1905. spoke in the highest terms of the quality of the ore. This was practically the first test of standard ore from the Menominee range and was the incentive to rapid and successful exploration along the entire formation. The first exploring party to enter the territory em- bracing the lower Menominee range was headed by N. P. Hulst of Milwaukee. As a representative of the Mil- waukee Iron Company he began exploration on section 10, 39-29, the summer of 1872. The‘exploration was not confined to this point but extended elsewhere, consisting of test pitting and trenching, with the exception of a long drift across the silicious formation on section 10. ‘The exploration was discontinued in the fall of that year. The mines were discovered from 1872 onward. WNor- way, Cyclops, Curry, Saginaw and Stephenson were finds in 1878. Breen was found in 1872 and then explored anl operated by the Menominee Mining Company, of which Dr. Hulst was manager. Vulcan was a product of 1873, though it did not ship until 1877. Quinnesec was of 1877, as was Emmet. In 1879 came the great Chapin, East Vulcan, Cornell, Keel Ridge and Indiana. Millie came in 1880. To these should be added subsequent and recent discoveries—Pewabic, Aragon, Loretto, Munroe, Traders, Walpole, Vivian and Cundy. Of the foregoing Keel Ridge, Cornell, Indiana, Quinnesec, Cyclops, Emmet and Stephenson are apparently worked out and aban- doned. The Indiana closed on account of excessive water ee, 1520 and the Cundy is temporarily idle. Saginaw and Breen are being reopened, Hamilton and Ludington have been merged with the Chapin and Curry with the West Vulcan. The total estimated product for the year 1905 is 2,796,000 gross tons, with a force of about 3000 employees. The product is keeping up if not exceeding former years, with the number of employees somewhat reduced because of the application of improved machinery, under- ground haulage and improved methods of mining. The quality of the ore produced is not so good as that of former years, yet all produced finds a ready market and no com- plaints are heard from the operating corporations. The scale of wages is as high as, if not higher than, ever before on the range. This standard of pay, in the face of reduced value of ore, is only maintained by the use of improved machinery and most skillful management in the raising and shipping of the product. It is estimated that the ore is now delivered on cars at some of the mines at a cost of 60 per cent. less than in former years. When ore was worth from $8 to $12 per ton the operator could afford to be somewhat indiffer- ent as to the cost of pro