The Iron Age 1905-06-01: Vol 75 Iss 22

a a iy t THE IRON, — Vol. 75: No. 22. Reading Matter Contents...... Alphabetical Index to Advertise Classified List of Advertisers. ... Single Copies, 18 Cen Compression Shaft Couplings Manufactured by FORSTER PULLEY rae WORKS Cuba, N. Y. They ‘‘carry’’ all makes of goods—usually the Kind the customer doesn’t want. THE AMERICAN MFG. CO., 65 Wall Street, WN. Y. SELLERS SELL acna |!U. M. C. CARTRIDGES THE BRISTOL COMPANY, They move. Half sold when put in stock Waterbury, Conn. because of the standard quality and Bristol’s Recording Instruments. advertising behind them. or Preseure Temperature THE UNION METALLIC CARTRIDGE CO., Bridgeport, Conn. Gold Medal, St. Louls Exposition Agency, 313 Broadway, New York City. Depot, 86-88 First St., San Francisco, Cala. All Ranges, — re and Guar- =I tng fear | ——— Per O_o ae SAMSON SPOT CORD CAHALL BOILERS ena SAMSON CORDAGE WORKS, Boston. mass.|( CSAPEWELL HORSE NAILS TURNBUCKLES, “THE BEST IN THE WORLD” HIGHEST AWARD IN ALL COMPETITIONS Branch 11 Broadway, City Forge and ironCo., - Cle GOLD MEDAL AT LOUISIANA PURCHASE EXPOSITION St. Louis, 1904 MADE BY Farmers’ wank Si PILLING & CRANE, ::"icpes:scact|) THE GAPEWELL HORSE NAIL CO., Hartford, Conn. From JENKINS BROS. VALVES O M 7 are well designed, and have full opening. They are thoroughly inter- changeable, so that any worn or broken part can be readily renewed. re ine All genuine bear Trade Mark as shown in the cut, and are guaranteed. Write for booklet. to JENKINS BROS., New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago, London. in —_ | OW0C0N” Gold Rolled Steel cre‘: Drawing « Stamp! MF Tin a Tus elle far COMPANY SEE iy (Water and Rail Delivery salitecnn Conn, PAGE See MAGNOLIA M METAL. Feo tuatio of ie Ben. AMERICAN SHEET & TIN | & PLATE COMPANY’S “ MAGNOLIA METAL CO., Ownersand Sole Manufacturers, 3-II6 Bank Street, $02 Francisco, Montreal, Boston and Pittsburg. Ad on Page 28. Chi.ago, Fisher Bidg. MWK omnia $8.00 a Year, a aena Postage, WEARERS “SRR SS eee GAR Manes RIN GEE EIT PESTS OF 4 y el ie ie ; ¥ D pene fy THE IRON .AGE eat THE PLUME & Atwood MF6. Co., erin ASS iainationre eden BR a Sheet and Roll Brass COPPER; ™,,| wirz PPIRE BRIGG \cerman =z, SESS , ; SILVER — “QUEEN'S th tM ere aL LOW BRASS. SHEET BRONZE. |# MURRAY ST., NEW YoRE. Wi BRANCH” ie , ed et WEV223) SEAMLESS BRASS AND COPPER] 9“ M2H ST BOSTON. | ele Ose N42 ee wee! | TUBING. BRAZED BRASS AND | BRONZE TUBING. :::::::: T he Sheet eee cee ss . | WATERBURY BRASS CO., reece ROLLING MILL : FACTORIES ¢ THOMASTON, CONN. WATERBURY. CONN, BRASS, Plate STEEL WATERBURY, CONN. GERMAN SILVE R, 99 John St., New York. Providence, R. I. Sheets, Rolls, Wire Rods, Bolts and Tubes, Bridgeport Deoxidized Bronze &| f° simon, "icmp couse Metal Co Special Brass Goods to Order. °9 FACTORIES: BRIDGEPORT, GONN. eer CONN. Automobile Castings a Specialty. | sew york. CHICAGO. BOSTON. High Tensile Strength. Follansbee Brothers Co, Bronze and Aluminum Alloys. || H@Nty Souther Engineering Co, a sates Write Us. HARTFORD, CONN. Consulting Chemists, Metallurgists and sc Torti Matthiessen & Hegeler Zinc Co., it Wait St Arthur T. Rutter & Co. AND MANUFACTURERS OF 2 56 Broadway, SHEET ZINC AND SULPHURIC ACID. NEW YORK. Special Sizes of Zinc cut to order. Rolled Battery Plates. Selected Plates for Etchers’ and Lithographers’ use. Small tubing in Brass, Copper, Gelested om dew ~ od eae — = Steel, Aluminum, German Silver, &c. Sheet Brass, Copper and Ger- ZINCS FOR LECLANCHE BATTERY. man Silver. Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire. Brazed and Seamless Brass and Copper Tube. ae Riancre oes -e md “PHONO-ELECTRIC NONE TUITION GEIB NESE TUTTI cen eb te am WIRE, “!T's Toucn.” scfeapianarenpeseananpetnenstionnepasmunieagtiiniataieeneetahaniieanteialaanaeaa TROLLEY, rass, Bronze and © Aluminum 2 cS A Ss T t N G Ss a Ww. G. ROWELL co, ne Se eAgeport, Conn. TELEGRAPH HENDRICKS BROTHERS LINES. PROPRIETURS OF THE Belleville Copper Rolling Mills, | »=sese-, BRIDGEPORT BRASS CO. Murray St., New Y MANUFACTURERS OF Brazsicers’ Bolt and Sheathing GEORGE KROU sc COPPER, HEAVY CASTINGS COPPER wiiRz RIV eTs. Mannfactarer of all kinds of - Importers and wee - 7 Brass and Composition Castings. ingot Copper, Block Tin, Spelter, Lead, Antimony, etc. Brazing Metals, Hard Composition and ’ 49 CLIFF ST., NEW YORK. Phosphor Bronse Castings « Specialty 160 to 164 Morgan Street, JERSEY CITY. WN. J. THE IRON AGE New York, Thursday, June 1, 1905. The Detroit Iron and Steel Company’s Blast Furnace Plant. The Detroit Iron & Steel Company’s blast furnace is located at Delray, Mich., on the Detroit River, just at the mouth of the River Rouge, about 1% miles from the center of the city of Detroit. At this point the River Rouge has been deepened to permit the landing of the largest lake boats, which bring the ore supply from the head of Lake Superior. The coke supply for the furnace is obtained entirely from the by-product coke ovens of the Solvay Process Company, which are located near the furnace. An interesting view of the docks showing the ore handling equipment is given in Fig. 1. This comprises two Hulett conveyor bridges equipped with 5-ton Hulett excavating buckets for unloading the ore from the boats and transferring it to the furnace. The bridges have bodied an unusually large number of special features, all of which have shown themselves during the 15 montlis in which the furnace has been in blast to be well aj plied. Among these features are a simple and efficient distributing device, the electric operation of both fur- nace bells, the general design and support of the fur- nace bridge, an accessible arrangement of all stove valves, the straight alignment of all blast mains and the general elevation of the top of the furnace, as shown in Fig. 3. The Distributing Device. A detail section of the distributing device is shown in Fig. 4. Its essential difference from those in use hereto- fore is the introduction of a cone between the upper and lower bells. This cone causes a thorough mixture of Fig. 1.—The Docks of the Detroit Iron & Steel Company, Delray, Mich., Showing the Ore Handling Equipment. a span of 173 feet and are entirely electrically operated. The illustration shows the front cantilever of one bridge in the raised position which it occupies while a boat is docking or departing, and also shows one bucket dis- charging its load. Andrew scrapers are used in the holds of the vessels when removing the last of a cargo to scrape the ore out under the hatches where the buckets can reach it. The bridges were built and installed by the Wellman-Seaver-Morgan Company, Cleveland, Ohio. A plan of the works is given in Fig. 2, which indicates in a measure the railroad shipping facilities, as all of the tracks shown connect with the main line of the railroad. The Furnace, The stack is 17% feet in diameter at the bosh and 78 feet high, and is capable of producing from 250 to 300 gross tons of foundry iron per day. It has produced as high as 315 tons in one day. The best record for a month is 8800 tons. The best coke consumption at- tained was 2100 pounds per ton of pig iron made. In the design of this furnace there have been em- the coarse and fine material as it passes from the receiv- ing hopper to the apex of the large bell, due to the im- pinging of the converging currents of the material. That the distribution thus obtained is practically perfect has been found by inspecting the material as it is delivered upon the lower bell and also by the fact that the opera- tion of the furnace has been as satisfactory as has ever been obtained by hand filling. The hight of this dis- tributing device is from 6 to 8 feet less than that of the majority of those in use, which reduces the fall and consequently the breakage of the coke correspondingly. The Bridge and Supports, Fig. 5 shows a general elevation of the bridge. This bridge is supported at the top by two pivoted links, the lower ends of which carry the load centrally upon the shell at two diametrically opposite points, consequently all eccentric loading, such as would tend to make the furnace lean from a vertical position, is avoided. The bottom end of the bridge is also carried on a pivot, which with the links supporting the top gives a flexible arrange- “(OIA ‘ABI[I 3B JuBld deBUINY JsBl[_q 8,AuBdUIOD [921g PY Woj] }J01}eq 94} JO UOT} BAI[q Pug pue UB[q—"z “314 Rov NOW! BHL RAZA a June I, 1905 AGE THE IRON aSNOH _ 3NION3 AP DA TAHA AO pahatarp - 95070) Ta ¢ Ra AEE ES Ht —1 Wi 0 ~S \ uw on ; QUuVA WOOLS Tin June I, 1905 ment, making it impossible for a strain to come on the bridge due to contraction or expansion of the furnace. One of the pivoted links supporting the bridge is used also to sustain a crane for changing bells and hoppers, which can be very readily done on account of the accessi- bility of the parts and the patent top. The Bell Changing Arrangement, Fig. 6 is a diagram of the top and illustrates the manner of changing bells. The process is as follows: The upper cone D is removed in two halves; the re- ceiver C is raised about 18 inches; two rails E are in- serted between the receiver and the bottom ring; the large bell is attached to the rails (if not dropped into the furnace) ; the bell rods, small bell and its seat are re- moved ; the old large bell B and the hopper A are raised to the top platform; the old hopper is placed over the new bell on the top platform ; the old hopper A and the new bell B are lowered into proper position; the rails are placed in position and the new bell attached; the receiver C is put on the rails; the rods, small bell, &¢., are placed in Fig. 3. Detail Elevation proper place; the rod is attached to the large bell and the rails removed, and the cone D is again lifted into its position. This changing is facilitated also by the means for securing the hopper, which are clearly shown in Fig. 4. The shell of the receiver sets directly upon the hopper and consequently the hopper is secured in place by the same bolts that fasten the receiver to the platform. These bolts are fastened with keys and are easily accessible. The Electric Bell Handling Gear. Both bells of the furnace are handled by electric motors, thereby doing away with pipes and the annoy- ance of their freezing where water or steam is used, or the danger of fire where oil is used, which has proved so disastrous in one or two cases lately, The electric appara- tus for the bell is in an inclosed house accessible to the ground, so that it can be easily looked after. There is THE IRON AGE 1729 no machinery upon the top of the furnace except the sheaves which carry the ropes and the chain for work- ing the bells and skips. The bells are handled by a standard Otis Elevator Company’s electric hoist, in which the ordinary drum has been replaced with a crank, the revolutions of which open and close the bell and give it a dwell motion at both the open and closed positions, allowing the stove ample time to discharge and allowing the bell to come to its seat slowly. The bells, with their charge, are over counterbalanced and these small electric engines simply raise and lower the counterweight. The Hot Blast Stoves, These stoves are four in number, 20 feet in diameter and 83 feet high, being of the three-pass central combus- 44% My ; “2 Ko Ze | ! <39 x - iH » | EAE Fe E Se. +44 x eR THE (RON AGE of the Top of the Furnace. tion type and having lining built entirely of standard shape brick securely bound together by special means. All the valves are located on one side, doing away with the usual annoyance of the operator having to run en- tirely around the stoves to change the valyes. An idea of the valve and piping system may be had from Fig. 7, showing clearly the pipe arrangement that permits en- tirely straight blast thereby eliminating undue friction. mains, The Power Plant Equipment, The blast is furnished by three blowing engines of the long head type, built by William Tod & Co., Youngstown, Ohio. Two of these engines give high pressure, having steam cylinders 42 inches diameter by 60 inches stroke, and the other gives low pressure, having steam cylinders 80 inches diameter by 60 inches stroke, the air tubs in all cases being 84 inches diameter. cross BOSMPIE ST We ST aT ST? BENGE TE SELES wet ‘at an ¥ RES get ‘ ae RS te AW EEF © : eRe FF RB MIRRERILE SVs 2 P n - — FSM i RE SSWPR EERO IERE £2 a LEN = GALE Ek & CDNA 1730 THE IRON AGE The steam for the plant is furnished by eight 250 horse-power boilers, manufactured by the Aultman-Tay- lor Company, Mansfield, Ohio. The electric power is obtained from three 200-kw. Ellwell-Parker direct con- nected generators driven by Ball engines. The water supply pumps, which are 12 and 22 x 18 x 24 inches, and the boiler feed pumps, which are 8 and 12 x 7 x 16 inches, were built by the Epping-Carpenter Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. The hydraulic pressure pump, which is 16% and 28 x 4% x 24 inches, was built by the Wilson-Synder Mfg. Company, Pittsburgh. The condenser for the en- gines was furnished by the Southwark Foundry & Ma- chine Company, Philadelphia, Pa., and the feed water heater by the Stillwell-Bierce & Smith-Vaile Company, Dayton, Ohio. The pig breaker for breaking apart the cast iron pigs June 1, 1905 Mfg. Company for a steel building, 80 x 400 feet, to con- tain the new equipment to be added to its car wheel plant. Lake Superior Mining Operations. On the Menominee Range, DULUTH, MINN., May 27, 1905.—For the past 60 days the Oliver Iron Mining Company has been working to free the Mansfield mine from the water that had accumu- lated during the mine’s period of idleness. This has now been done and the mine will resume operation soon. Mansfield has had an interesting history ; it has been aban- doned several times, once from a calamitous flood, and later because the ore was supposed to be exhausted. Care- ful examination, however, led the Oliver Company to re- THE IRON AGE Fig. 4.—-Detail of the Distributing Device at the Top of the Furnace. and the crane in the foundry were built by the Brown Hoisting Machinery Company, Cleveland, Ohio. The Detroit Iron & Steel Company was organized in the spring of 1902, and the following are its officers: D. R. Hanna, president; R. L. Ireland, vice-president ; I. B. Richards, general manager; C. W. Baird, secretary and treasurer, and Granger Whitney, general superin- tendent. The output of the furnace, foundry iron, is sold by M. A. Hanna & Co., Cleveland, Ohio, the sole sales agents, and the furnace is operated under the general supervision of M, McMurray, the general furnace mana- ger. The entire plant was designed and erected under the supervision of the Garrett-Cromwell Engineering Com- pany of Cleveland, Ohio. cenpapsindaiiniiinantinnanis The Schoen Steel Wheel Company, McKets Rocks, Pittsburgh, has placed a contract with the Riter-Conley open it, and the mine was doing a good business when the shaft caved and the water filled to the depth of 725 feet. Opportunely, the company had expected trouble at the shaft and had sunk a new one that was about ready for operation. This was at once equipped and the water was lowered the entire 725 feet in 60 days by bailers. These are now being replaced by the pumping plant, which is ready to lower in the mine and which is capable of keeping it free of water. The Mansfield is the only Bessemer mine in the Crystal Falls region. There is a considerable stock pile at the mine, which was accumu- lated last year, and this will be shipped as soon as a shovel is able to get there. The mine will be actively wrought all season. At the Crystal Falls mine the 40,000-ton stock pile of last year has been shipped away. Nothing is going on about the mine on account of pending negotiations for a renewal of the lease under which Corrigan, McKinney & June 1, 1905 THE IRON AGE 1731 Co. have been operating and which is expiring. This the St. Paul, are the only developed properties between lease will probably be renewed and the former operators the Stevenson and the Nashwauk district, a distance of will continue in charge. some ten miles. It is more than probable that mines will On the Mesaba Range. be found somewhere in the intervening distance and it Corrigan, McKinney & Co, are exploring the St. Paul >» “> property on the western Mesaba, in section 24, T 57, R 22 They have six or more drills there and have drilled the entire tract. The location they had selected for a shaft was found to contain a considerable deposit of ore with no rock capping, and the plan of sinking there was aban- doned and a new site sought. This has not yet been found, and there is no probability that the property can become a shipper this year, as had been hoped. Just ‘across the country road from the St. Paul is the old Lackawanna mine, one of the early State leases of the Mesaba range, and which in the boom days of 1892-1893 was capitalized for $3,000,000, after the payment to the State of $25 as a leasehold fee. The company that took it and operated the printing press grew tired and dropped the property, when some of the stockholders took up the bur- den and have carried it to this time. Now the Great | Northern Railroad has an option for a purchase of the lease for $100,000 and is quite liable to take the property. THE 'RON AGE fre rig. 6.—Plan and Elevation Illustrating the Manner of Changing Bells. _——"TT | ry PEARTH) LEVEL |? | See THE IRON AGE { iY Fig. 5.—General Elevation of the Furnace and Skip Hoist Bridge at the Detroit Iron & Steel Company’s Plant. i 4 } There are about 2,000,000 tons of ore shown up, of reason- may be that this part of the range will be strung with ably good grade. It is very probable that the Great properties as thickly as most of the rest. Northern is holding this for Corrigan and associates, who The old Mallman mine, in section 12, 59-14, which has ~ have been close to it for some time. These two been bandied about for 15 years, and was the first prop- mines and the Forest, which is being developed in a erty on the Mesaba to receive attention, has now been larger way than last year, and which lies a mile north of leased to the Duluth & Mesaba Iron Company, which has i eta SEE aie PEST REET BE - Ree RR RR SE I a TT AR VE ed, 1732 THE IRON AGE taken a lot of options in that vicinity. At some of its other workings the company has good indications and some ore, though nothing is known as to thickness. It is rather a curious coincidence that the Mallman and the Lackawanna, two properties with experiences somewhat similar and situated at opposite ends of the range, should be receiving attention and should give some promise—one of them a good deal—of becoming mines. Another old exploration that has been reoptioned and is under explo- ration is in section 2, 58-18, and ore has been found here also, but whether it is in quantity sufficient to amount to anything cannot yet be told. During the present summer there will be any number of reports of ore finds and ore properties of value that when sifted down to the bottom June I, 1905 from that mine reach the 1,000,000-ton mark for the first time. Biwabik has frequently promised to reach a mil- lion tons a year, but has never done so. An outfit of stripping machinery has been taken from Iron Mountain to the Standard mine, that John T, Jones is opening on the Cascade range, and the property will be worked in a small way this year. He does not expect to mine more than 25,000 tons this year, but will prepare for a better business in 1906. In order to handle its increasing Minnesota busi- ness the Jones & Laughlin Steel Company has opened an office at Duluth, with J. T. Hayden, formerly of Ishpem- ing, in charge. This company has the Lincoln, Grant and Leetonia mines on the Mesaba range, and is looking Vig. 7. —View of the Piping System in Connection with the Four Hot Biast stoves. will be found to be merely gossip and newspaper talk. It is these that those interested in the Mesaba range will do well to watch and steer away from. Other Operations, The management of the new Syracuse mine, eastern Mesaba, has found it impossible to sink the shaft it had started. Though it had made preparations for a difficult undertaking and had expected trouble from both quicksand and water, it was not prepared to find the drift above the ore a mass of granite boulders, closely packed amid the sand. The combination of quicksand, granite boulders that seem to have been lodged in the bed of a large stream, and water from a logging dam that has been closed to raise the water for log driving purposes, was too much for the company, and it has aban- doned the shaft. It will sink another a short distance away, out of the old stream bed, it hopes, and high up the hillside. In order to find definitely what character of ground it is to meet the company is putting down drill holes on the site now selected, and if this is too thickly strewn with granite will select yet another loca- tion. It was hoped to make the Syracuse a shipper this year, but this idea has been given up. At the Biwabik mine the owners have put a steam shovel at work nights and will try to make shipments up lands on the Vermillion preparatory to testing that district somewhat. D EB. W. - + o—__ A vertical compound blowing engine in the works of the North Eastern Steel Company, at Middlesbrough, Eng- land, having 48 -and 90 inch steam cylinders and two 90-inch air cylinders, has shown, by indicator cards, a mechanical efficiency of 84.1 per cent., with an efficiency of compression amounting to 92.5 per cent., this giving an ultimate or combined efficiency of 77.7 per cent.—that is, the ratio between the work theoretically required to com- press the air isothermally to that actually developed by the steam cylinders. The plant was built and installed by Davy Brothers of Sheffield. The influence of steam on the reduction of the oxides of iron by carbon monoxide and dioxide forms the sub- ject of a recent paper before the Paris Academy of Sci- ences. With a view to throwing some light on the results of employing dry air in the blast furnace, experiments were made upon the influence of moisture upon the re- duction. It has been discovered that the dry gases exert a more energetic action in reduction than do the moist gases, but that the difference, which is quite considerable at low temperatures, at high ones becomes negligible. eked June I, 1905 High Speed Tool Steels and Low Carbon Alloys. Since the introduction of the Taylor-White steels a great deal of attention has been given to the manufac- ture of high speed tool steels by all the leading works in the world, and there has been much controversy as to the best composition for these steels. The question of the percentage of carbon is undoubtedly of great impor- tance, and whereas it was customary in the old self hard- ening steels to have high carbon contents it has now been found that for high speed steels a low percentage of carbon gives the best results. , Among even the best makers of high speed steel consid- erable difficulty has been found in producing every ingot in the same reliable quality. A great deal of variation in the quality has been found, and it has puzzled steel mak- ers to know the reason of this. It is probably due to the fact that the metals or alloys used in making the steels contain too high contents of carbon, in which case it is a most difficult matter to make steels of uniform and reliable quality. There is no doubt whatever that it is preferable to use ferro alloys of the greatest possible purity and with a very low percentage of carbon. In the case of tungsten chrome steels, the old fash- ioned method of making these steels was by the use of tungsten metal in the form of a powder containing 95 per cent. metallic tungsten. Now every steel maker knows that prac- tically every tungsten metal powder on the market varies in quality considerably, as there is a margin of about 5 per cent. for carbon and other impurities. It is also a difficult matter to add tungsten metal powder to steel without loss by oxidation. R. A. Had- field recognizes the objection to using tungsten powder and referred to it at length in a paper read by him be- fore the members of the Iron and Steel Institute at Bar- row-in-Furness, September 2, 1903. The following is an extract from Mr. Hadfield’s paper: For many years in Sheffield the addition of tungsten used in the production of self hardening steel has heen by the oxide, or by means of a metallic powder, though, owing to more recent im- provements in the manufacture of the ferro alloy and the metal itself, this form is just coming into general use. As regards addition by means of metallic powder, this, although supposed to be in the metallic form, often contains considerable quantities of carbon, as well as oxide, not reduced, or only imperfectly so, and it is for this reason, no doubt, that the production of uniform qualities of tungsten steel has in the past been so uncertain. More regularity is now obtainable by means of the ferrotungsten alloy, an alloy in which there is a considerable percentage of iron, 1 to 4 per cent. of carbon, with a comparatively small percentage of manganese and tungsten, varying from 30 to 80 per cent. While for the manufacture of many kinds of tool steel the per- centage of carbon present is no detriment, for the production of alloys in which it is desired to keep down all elements other than fron and tungsten to the lowest point it is important to use a ferrotungsten containing but little carbon. Since Mr. Hadfield’s paper was read a great advance has been made in the manufacture of exceptionally pure ferrotungstens, and one has recently been put on the market by George G. Blackwell’s Sons & Co., Limited, Liverpool, England, containing 80 to 85 per cent, tungsten, with between 1% and 1 per cent. carbon maximum guaran- teed. An analysis of this ferrotungsten shows: —Per cent. Sy i Deld dll de ie 6 das NOE ER ee cud Cee 85.79 ) 9.29 ARS t hk idk cud 66. odd ai cele Oe eten 8s ce bole eee 13.50 § 00.2 es: theo cathaae bs sick 95S ORE Oh enon se ee 0.60 DES ks Cah seen ae COUEHE NEWRY REM ES 6B 0.06 CE Ride eale i ds ORC ES ONAN Ew eee eens bee wtedben 0.03 ED i iced coceeb whe wads 6k 8G eee op b0ce 0.003 In many cases the contents of carbon run as low as 0.25 per cent. 3 I The loss by oxidation in using this ferrotungsten is claimed to be practically nil, and the largest high speed steel makers on the Continent of Europe have stated that by adding 5 per cent. less tungsten, in the form of this ferrotungsten, than they have hitherto done, they regu- larly obtain better and more reliable results. The same remarks apply to the addition of chromium to high speed and other steels. This firm has on the market a refined ferrochrome containing about 65 per cent. chromium and about 0.65 per cent. carbon maximum, 1 per cent. maxi- mum being guaranteed. It is believed that if steel mak- ers would use low carbon and highly refined alloys of this nature they would obtain more regular and certain re- sults in their steels. THE IRON AGE 1733 Worthington Hydraulic Works Fire Protection. BY GEO. H. GIBSON, An example of modern practice in fire protection is afforded by the new Henry R. Worthington Hydraulic Works of the International Steam Pump Company, at Harrison,.N. J. This plant covers 34 acres of ground, contains 18 acres of floor space and accommodates 5000 workmen. The buildings of the plant are of brick and fire proof construction, with the exception of the pattern shop, whichis of the “slow burning” type. Themains,which vary from 12 to 8 inches in diameter, and have been tested to 200 pounds pressure, form loops around all the build- ings and feed the interior piping at many points. Gate valves at different points in the mains make it possible to shut the water off from any part for repairs or other Diagram Illustrating the Connections for the Air Lift. The “ Umbrella” Which the Flow Pipe from Against the Well Discharges. purposes without interfering with the protection of any building. Twenty-seven fire hydrants, with two and three openings each, are conveniently disposed about the plant. In the interiors of the buildings hose reels and hand grenades are conveniently distributed, and the Grinnell system of overhead sprinklers with glass valve seats is installed with one sprinkler to every 20 square feet of roof and ¢eiling. These sprinkler heads act a8 soon as a temperature of 200 degrees F. is reached and throw a strong horizontal spray in all directions through a 14-inch orifice. Half-inch nozzles and quick opening gate valves are used on the 2-inch hose lines. Pressure gauges and automatic check valves are placed in the supply pipes or “ risers ” of the sprinkler system, and if the outside mains are broken on one side of a building the check valves hold the water in the sprinkler system, which will still be supplied through the other connections to the mains. In addition gate vaives with indicator posts are placed in each connection from the mains to the risers. In a system of protection the water supply is an im- portant factor. Indeed, the question of economical water supply for fire protection has much to do with the selec- tion of the location of most extensive plants. A supply from the city mains may be altogether inadequate in time of need, and is in any case a source of constant expense. ) SRR LAR = oe SA, St SW ORS Fae (RIN ROR A EPS BY Re A = oJ i SUE — See &4 3 i 1734 THE IRON AGE Before determining on the site test wells were sunk, which penetrated strata of disintegrated brownstone with a good supply of water at a depth of about 200 feet. An interesting fact is that the water is at first muddy, but soon becomes clear, at the same time increasing in quan- tity, due to the washing out of crevices in the rock. Deep wells furnish an ideal supply in densely populated dis- tricts, as they have none of the disadvantages and dan- gers of exposed streams and reservoirs. The four wells of the Worthington plant pass through loam, sand and hard pan before entering a bed of gravel, and have an average depth of about 400 feet. Water is raised by the air lift, which is peculiarly well adapted to scattered batteries of bored or drilled wells. It permits centralization of the power plant, as the air compressor may be located at any convenient point and the air piped to the wells. It also eliminates all valves, plungers and other moving parts from the well itself, thus doing away with the wear arising in other devices from sand and gravel. The principle of the air lift is il!us- trated in Fig. 1. Compressed air is forced into the water June 1, 1905 pump an unusual quantity of water, or stop this com- pressor, a larger Cincinnati gear compressor, made by the same builders, which furnishes the air for the foundry, machine shop and other departments, may be employed. Fig. 4 shows the 500,000-gallon reservoir into which the wells discharge. It is of solid concrete 4 inches thick, on a clay foundation, and in shape resembles the frustrum of an inverted pyramid, being 121 feet long, 104 feet wide and 9 feet deep in the center. At the right of the reservoir are three receiving basins, the first of which receives the discharge from the wells and over- flows into the main ‘reservoir. The middle basin is con- nected by a large screened passage to the main reservoir, and from it the underwriter fire pumps take their sup- ply. The third small basin acts as an overflow for the main reservoir, and also supplies the water used by the pumps of the hydraulic elevator system, from which the water returns by gravity to this same basin. The basin overflows to the sewer. From the reservoir water can be raised to a 100,000- a ae ie by re | 5 a Fig. 3.-—-The Laidlaw-Dunn-Gordon Compressor Which Supplies the Compressed Air for Raising the Water from the Wells. through a nozzle inside and near the bottom of the flow pipe, forming a column of mixed water and air of low specific gravity within the latter, which, under the pres- sure of the solid column of water in the well outside, rises continuously. The submerged parts of the pump- ing outfit consist simply of the wrought iron casing, flow and air pipes, a strainer, an elbow and pipe connections, all of which are practically indestructible, even when working in the gritty water so fatal to deep well pump pistons. At the Worthington plant there are four of these wells, averaging 400 feet in depth, scattered within a 200-foot radius, and having 8-inch casings, 55-inch air and 4%-inch flow pipes. One well discharges the mixture of air and water directly into the concrete basin or reser- voir nearby. In the others the air and water discharge vertically from the flow pipe against. an “ umbrella” (Fig. 2), which allows the air to escape while diverting the water back into an open concrete basin from which it flows by gravity into the reservoir. Air is supplied to the wells at a pressure of: from 80 to 85 pounds by a Laidlaw-Dunn-Gordon compressor in the main power house, having a capacity of about 800 cubic feet of compressed air per minute (Fig. 3). Ninety pounds pressure is required to start the wells, but 60 pounds will maintain the flow. When it is desirable to gallon steel tank on a steel tower by either of two Worth- ington Underwriter pumps of 1500 gallons capacity each (Fig. 5). The tower is 135 feet high and the tank 15 feet deep, so that, as the tank is always kept filled, there is constantly on the service mains a head of 150 feet, creating a pressure of 65 pounds per square inch through- out the system. The stand pipe leading to “he elevated tank connects with the main fire line system through a check valve and by-pass at the point where the discharge from the pumps enters the system. Ordinarily the by- pass is left open and the pumps are controlled by an auto- matic pressure regulator to maintain a pressure equal to that due to the head in a full tank. In this way the pumps supply the water for daily consumption just as it is needed. In case of fire the water from both the tank and the pumps is available, but if a higher pressure should be wanted the by-pass may be closed, and if the tapacity of the pumps is not sufficient the check valve will also close, and a pressure of 150 pounds per square inch can be maintained by adjusting the regulating valves of the two Underwriter pumps. If the pumps do not supply water as fast as it is uxed the check valve at the base of the water tower will allow water to flow into the mains from the tank. Since the two pumps have a combined capacity June I, 1905 of 3000 gallons per minute, if both are operated to their full capacity, night and day, it will take over six hours to empty the reservoir, after which 1350 gallons per minute can still be obtained from the wells. Should either of the Underwriter pumps fail the house pump and the hydraulic elevator pump may be turned into the sys- tem, thus making complete stoppage of the fire system practically impossible. Yet should such occur there re- THE IRON AGE The Columbia Tool Steel Company. The Columbia Tool Stee] Company, Chicago Heights, Ill., announces that its new mill is completed and in full operation. This is a new company, the personnel of which is as follows: E. T. Clarage, president and founder, since 1894 Chicago manager of the Crucible Steel Com- pany; A. J. Scheid, director, allied since 1894 with the Sanderson Brothers Steel Company and Crucible Steel Company and of late years Milwaukee manager of the latter company; A. R. Waters, at one time foreman of the Louis- ville & Nashville shops at Pensa- cola, Fla., and later salesman for the Sanderson Brothers Steel Com- pany and the Crucible Com- pany; James W. Byrnes, superin- tendent of rolling mills and hammer shops, who has been in the me- chanical departments of the Cres- cent Steel Company and the Cruci- ble Company for 20 years; W. J. Mathews, superintendent of melt- ing department, who has occupied a similar position with the Sanderson Brothers Steel Company and latter- ly had charge of the melting de- partment of the Howe-Brown Works of the Crucible Steel Company; P. J. Cushman, auditor of the com- pany, who occupied a similar posi- tion for years with the Sanderson Brothers Steel Company and the Crucible Steel Company; Wm. Scharlau, assistant auditor, who also had experience in the account- Fig. 4.—The Reservoir (Capacity 500,000 Gallons) Into Which the Wells Discharge, ing departments of the Sanderson and Water Tank (Capacity 100,000 Gallons). mains a connection through a water meter to the city mains which may be utilized to obtain 90 pounds pressure indefinitely. a The Niagara River Dam. The International Deep Waterways Commission gath- ered in Washington last week to consider the important questions for which it was appointed. The members rep- resenting the United States are Gen. Os- wald H. Ernest, corps of engineers, U. S. A.; Hon. George Clinton of Buffalo and Prof. G. S. Williams of Ann Arbor, Mich., while the Canadian members are W. F. King and Louis Coste of Ottawa and J. P. Maybee of Toronto. This commission will consider plans for building a dam across the Niagara River at the foot of Lake Erie in order that the levels of the Great Upper Lakes may be raised, thereby permitting the use of vessels of greater draft and tonnage than is now possible. The question is one of vast magnitude, for not only are vessel interests vitally committed to the project, but there must also be taken into consideration the great power works at Niagara, as well as the scenic features of the cataract, which the two countries should aim to preserve. The construction of a dam would result in flooding many acres along the New York and Canadian shores, and the vast lumber interests of the Tonawandas add features that must be handled carefully. Few more important commissions have ever met, and it is probable that the final recommendations of the international body will be taken as a basis for future legislation on both sides of the border. Brothers Steel Company and the Crucible Steel Company, being as- sociated with the latter company in Milwaukee until re- cently. A department of chemical research is in the hands of H. M. Deavitt of Chicago. The company’s cata- logue lists a very wide range of tool steel and high grade miscellaneous steels. +e ___ The plant of the South Pittsburgh Iron Works, Clays- ville, Pa., was sold recently to the Penn Bridge Com- pany, Beaver Falls, Pa., whose plant was recently de- stroyed by fire, for $18,000. It is understood the pur- Fig. 5.—The Worthington Underwriter Fire Pumps, Combined Capacity 3000 Gallons Per Minute. chasers assumed some claims against the plant, which will account for the low price, as it is said the works cost the South Pittsburgh Iron Works about $80,000. ab PMTs e ome get WAR RETAL 2 CORRES Re LN RNS OL LIU IN RS 1736 The New Hendey Ail Gear Drive Universal Milling Machine. A new No. 2 universal milling machine has lately been brought out by the Hendey Machine Company, Tor- rington, Conn., in which the principles of the Hendey- Norton change gear have been applied to the spindle drive f Fig. 1. THE IRON The New All Gear Drive Milling Machine Made by the AGE June I, 1905 tion of gears and clutches by which 18 different speeds may be obtained, ranging from 16 to 370 revolutions per minute. An equal number of different feeds are avail- able, and the unique feature is that the full range of these feeds is entirely independent of the spindle speeds. The gears occupy the position usually occupied by the cone pulley and the driving pulley is overhung at the rear of ws Hendey Machine Company. Torrington, Conn. Fig. 2.—View of the Opposite Side of the New Hendey Milling Machine. as well as to the feeds. The radical departure is the dispensing with the cone driving pulley, such as is used en the standard machine, and the use in its stead of a single pulley, running at constant speed, and a combina- the machine directly under the spindle. Figs. 1 and 2 show both sides of the machine and Fig. 3 the details of the spindle driving and feed mechanisms. Referring to Fig. 3, a is the driving shaft and carries June I, 1905 the flanged pulley } at its outer end. This may be driven either from an ordinary countershaft or from a motor, as shown in the half-tones, Figs. 1 and 2. Sliding on the driving shaft a, inside of the frame casting, is a swing- ing bracket, c, carrying the driving gear d and the inter- mediate gear e. The form of the swinging bracket and the intermediate gear is shown in the end view, but not in the side view. By sliding and swinging the bracket the drive from the gear d, which is splined on the driving shaft a, may be communicated through e to any one of the six gears f forming the cone on the spindle. The bracket and gears d@ and e are manipulated from the exterior by the handle g, fitted with a spring latch. As shown in Fig. 2, the gears are guided into mesh by slots in the casing and are held in engagement in locking holes in the upper wall of the opening. There are six different and progressive direct spindle speeds available, and this range is tripled by a double back gear. The back gears may be thrown out of mesh by the handle h, or may be left constantly engaged if preferred, as they do not affect the spindle speed except when the proper clutches are operated. When so set up the handling of the entire range of speeds is facilitated. One of the two positive clutches, i, is mounted directly on the spindle, and the other is on the back gear shaft. The clutch i is controlled by the handle & and the other by the handle /. These handles may be easily distin- guished on the side of the machine as it appears in Fig. 2. The cone gears f are loose on the spindle except when the clutch i, which is splined to the spindle, is in its left THE IRON AGE 1737 large face gear m and the large back gear p are made of steel. The clutches are crucible steel and are hardened. The hand wheel attached to the rear end of the spindle furnishes a convenient means for revolving the spindle by hand to mesh the gears, if the back shaft has been thrown over by the eccentric handle h, and is also useful for close setting to work. The feed shaft r is connected with the driving shaft a by a chain running on the sprockets s and ¢, and the same 18 feed changes are available with any one of the spindle speeds. The feeding mechanism of this machine is the same as that applied to the older Hendey-Norton THE 'RON AGE Fig. 3.—Details of the Driving and Feeding Mechanism of the New Hendey Milling Machine. hand position, and, similarly, the face gear m is loose on the spindle except when the clutch i is movea to the right. In other words, the direct spindle speeds are ob- tained when the handle & is moved to the left or toward the back of the machine and one or the other of the back geared speeds when this handle is moved to the right. The operation of the clutch on the back gear shaft is best shown in the top view in Fig. 3. The clutch is splined to the back shaft and the gear n is keyed to it. When it is moved to the right by throwing the lever han- dle I to the left, the gear o (ordinarily loose on the back shaft) is clutched to it and gives the intermediate range of speeds through f, 0, n and m. The opposite position clutches the large gear p on the back shaft, which gives the slow range of speeds through the gears q, p, and m. All gears entering into the spindle drive except the universal milling machines. There are three positions of the handle u, for each of which six changes may be made through the handle v. A feed index placed directly over the feed gear box indicates the table travel in inches corresponding to each combination of the handle posi- tions, these ranging from % inch to 20 inches per minute. These speeds apply practically to the saddle and knee feeds also, as both are automatic. The simple method of mounting the motor makes it possible to use any standard make of reversible motor in place of a countershaft. ————~-+e—___ The International Railway Master Boiler Makers’ Association, which recently met at Buffalo, decided to hold its next annual convention in Milwaukee during May, 1906. aan re SRNR HC omens TS TTT ST ST SS eee tb ROPE a A PRP CRE ers | O oF EE 5 RR Ey, rs. “PETES eee er. w4 1738 THE IRON AGE A New Automatic Screw Machine. The automatic screw machine shown in the accom- panying illustrations has as important features a sys- tem of adjustable cams which are held in T-slots on the drums, permitting quick and accurate adjustment of both turret and feed; a new friction clutch for reversing the spindle without shock, and the use of a single belt for driving all of the moving parts, which runs continu- ously in the same direction. The drive of the spindle is easily understood from Fig. 1. The belt drives a pulley on a shaft set obliquely, and upon which are bevel gears transmitting power to a cross shaft, which in turn supplies the drive of the cam June I, 1905 mediate pulley is placed in such a position that a large percentage of all pulley surface is covered, thus giving effective belt contact, as well as driving the feed mechan- ism. The latter may be operated by hand by the large hand wheel, shown in Fig. 1, beneath the spindle pulleys. The cross slides are placed in vertical position, one purpose being to prevent chips from falling upon them where they might clog the screw and tools. The cross slides are carried by means of a segment gear, A, Fig. 2, and an arm extending from it. The arm and segment are in two pieces, held together by three pins, purposely made rather light so that if anything should catch the pins would be sheared off, preventing any more serious damage, and the pins can be easily and inexpensively re- Fig. 1. A New Automatic Screw Machine, made by the Automatic Machine Company, Greenfield, Mass. THE IRON AGE Fig. 2. Detail of the Cross Slides. shaft. On the oblique shaft are three gears which pro- vide two speeds to the cam shaft, one a direct drive and the other a slower one through the third gear, acting as a back gear. The change of speed is accomplished by the use of set screws. This form of drive from the single belt tends to avoid certain possible accidents, such as would re- sult from the breaking of the belt driving the spindle. Under this system, if the belt breaks or runs off, the power is also taken from the feed mechanism and no damage could be done to the work or tools. The inter- 0 ; Dp WTI qe ( I KS. 6 eh | m THE IRON AGE Fig. 3. Detail of the Double Clutch on the Spindle. placed. A fine and accurate adjustment of the cross slides is obtained by the screw B, which is taken up by taper pins C operated by screws. A third slide for tools is placed over the work, allowing the use of a third tool. The double clutch on the spindle, shown in Fig. 3, consists of a series of eight friction disks D in each part, which are operated by toggle joints E, in turn actuated by a fork from the cam shaft. These machines are built afd marketed by the Auto- matic Machine Company, Greenfield, Mass. June I, 1905 THE The Ryerson Structural Steel Ware- house. With the steady change of the iron and steel industry to a basis where mill profits are made through the mag- nitude of tonnages turned out rather than the relatively large profits received for small and mixed specifications, TRANSFORMERS IRON 16TH STREET AGE 1739 One of the first firms to recognize the advantage of being able to supply customers with their iron require ments promptly, without delays attendant upon mill ship- ment, was Joseph T. Ryerson & Son, Chicago. This firm was formed by Joseph T. Ryerson in 1842 as a small supply house, occupying space for which a yearly rental of $200 was paid. In the 63 years of its existence its business has grown to require warehouses and offices 492.83, wn = °o v SHORTS SHORTS ROCKWELL STREET .-——— e€ IRON AGE Fig. 1.—Plan of the Sixteenth Street Warehouse of Joseph T. Ryerson & Son, Chicago. the warehousing business in iron and steel has assumed greater and greater proportions. It was prophesied when the United States Steel Corporation and other large consolidations were formed that the days of the iron and steel jobber and warehouseman had been numbered, but a result diametrically opposite followed. Mills as oper- ated to-day seek long runs on stated sizes and gauges and are averse to filling their books with a multitude of small CRANE | C@ane < ~ AG-9" = aye -10'8"' aie ~ 28/9" — >} ------------62°2 which occupy nearly three city blocks. The greatest period of its growth has been during the last ten years. Indeed, the firm has added more to its floor space during the last three years than in any ten years previous in its history. In The Iron Age for April 30, 1903, was given a brief article descriptive of the new Sixteenth street warehouse of the Ryerson firm, a plant that was erected about that time to supplement the warehouse space CRANE >\1< iT 10 ---->4 | THE IRON AGE Fig. 3.—Arrangement of Traveling Cranes in the Structural Storage Department Shown in Fig. 2. orders that require frequent changes of rolls and cutting machinery to supply the general consuming trade with its materials in whatever sizes and gauges it requires. The modern iron and steel warehouse, in harmony with this tendency, has greatly enlarged the scope of its operations and multiplied the sizes and varieties of goods carried in stock. already provided in the firm’s older warehouse at Mil- waukee avenue and West Lake street. In the last two years the Sixteenth street plant has been more than doubled in size and has been equipped with modern ma- chinery for cutting materials to desired sizes and lengths. The aim has been and is to carry not only a very iarge but also a complete stock of iron ané steel, including hun- Ni i cammmrmnes me EE — AS Ee gee™ eT RI Ae BY ARSE SS 1740 THE IRON AGE dreds of odd sizes n