The Iron Age 1905-01-19: Vol 75 Iss 3

Le IR qr, A Review of the Hardware, Iron, Machinery anu Metal Trades. Published every Thursday Morning by David Williams Co., 232-238 William St., New York, Vol. 75? No. 3. New York, T hers day, January 19, 1905. $5.00 a Year, including Pao Reading Matter Contents....... page 285 | — Alphabetical Index to Advertisers ‘‘ 175]! Classified List of Advertisers. . - ¢ Aha Priew pats 2 and eee Rates " of U. M. C. Short Range Shells is the same as regular gD, FIs] Pulleys Shells. For short range or bush shooting they are superior, for at 25 yards they give practically a 40-yard pattern and LIGHT and STRONG penetration. Forster Pulley Works ———_—_ CUBA,N.Y. WM (; Show ~\ ILLUSTRATED GATALOGUE » of our large assortment of Price Books for the Hardware and Metal Hot Kallas Trades Sent on request. are universally popular. One Sportsman writes: DAVID WILLIAMS GO., 132-238 William Street, —_- NEW YORK. ‘* Having tried many shot spreading devices | was skepti- THE BRISTOL COMPANY, cal of the new U. M. C. Short Range Shells. Experience in Waterbury, Conn. the field shows them to be all you claim. They kill but Bristol’s Recording never mutilate."’ Instruments. ‘ . For Prosqure Temperature The Union Metallic Cartridge Company, Silver Medal, Paris Exposition. Agency, 313 Broadway, New Verk City, N. 313 Broadway, New York City, N. Y. BRIDGEPORT, CONN. All Ranges, Low Prices, and Guar- anteed. Send for Circulars. mmc \CAPEWELL HORSE NAILS SAMSON CORDAGE WORKS, Boston, Mass. "FU RNBUCKLES. “THE BEST IN THE WORLD” <u | HIGHEST AWARD IN ALL COMPETITIONS Branch Office. 11 Broadway, New Y Cleveland City Forge and Iron Co. * Cioveland, Oo. TUR eee CEES GOLD MEDAL TT reed 15 10.1 Kent ave Brooklyn, E.D.. N. , oe a LOUISIANA PURCHASE EXPOSITION Low Phosphorus Pig. St. Louis, 1904 Gtrard Building, Phila. PILLING & CRANE, frpiscitieoNow York ton. MADE BY THE GAPEWELL HORSE WAIL CO., - Hartford, Conn. JENKINS °96 PACKING Some Engineers seem to be under the impression that be- cause the Jenkins ‘#6 Packing is of such a good quality, it must be high in price. The fact is that-Jenkins '% Packing weighs so much less ‘than most packings that it costs less per square yard, even though the price may be as much per pound, Write for Booklet,—“ Points on Packing.” How to get an JENKINS BROS. 3., New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago, London. Calendar | Swnedon” Gold Rolled Stel eters Drawing» = THE AMERICAN TUBE & STAMPING COMP See (Water and Raf) i Rail Delivery) BRIDGEPORT, UONN. i 8 ee MAGNOLIA METAL. Best Anti-Friction Metal for all coat = Bearings. FPac-Simile of Bar. va Beware of AMERICAN SHEET & TIN PLATE CO.’S Beware of % ' MAGNOLIA METAL CO., Ad. on Page 23. Owners and Sole Manufacturers, 113-115 Bank Street, $8 Francisco, Montreal, Boston and Pittsburg. Chicago, Fisher Bidg. NEW YORK. a mamataccsre ail Grades of Babbitt Metals at. | : 900 set ~ | (HE PLUME & ATWOOD MFG, Go | URN BRA a ! seecretth Ss sucer olle6t and Roll Brass i PI\COPPER! "=, win GERMAN - SILVER Up fh ads Ah YO WIRE OU) dt J od 0, Pe nn hd See —— Uae PD ety eb) Ao ae ? ad HAPES Lock HAVEN, PA. SEAMLESS BRASS AND COPPER TUBING. BRAZED BRASS AND Randolph-Clowes Co. Main Office and Mill, WATERBURY, CONN. MANUFACTURERS OF SHEET BRASS & COPPER. BRAZED BRASS & COPPER TUBES. SEAMLESS BRASS & COPPER TUBES TO 36 IN. DIAM. WATERBURY BRASS CO.. | WATERBURY, CONN. 99 John St., New York. Providence, R. I. Bridgeport Deoxidized Bronze & Metal 60, BRIDGEPORT, GONN. Automobile Castings a Specialty. New York Office, 28 Broadway, Postal High Tensile Strength. Onetuuni-. Bronze and Aluminum Alloys. Write Us. Matthiessen & Hegeler Zinc Co., LA SALLE, ILLINOIS. SMELTERS OF SPELTER AND MANUFACTURERS OF SHEET ZINC AND SULPHURIC ACID. Special Sizes of Zinc cut to order. Rolled Battery Plates. Selected Plates for Etchers’ and Lithographers’ use. Selected Sheets for Paper and Card Makers’ use. Stove and Washboard Blanks. ZINCS FOR LECLANCHE BATTERY. HSN ae Oe La UU TSN INISHERS e88-74 West Monroe St. Best Bronze, Babbitt Metals. Brass and hea Ser co [ago rage, Bronze and CASTINGS FOUN DERS— FINISHERS. wow. Ga. ROWELL CoO.. Brideeport, Conn. HENDRICKS BROTHERS : Belleville Copper F Rolling Mills, MANUFACTURERS Brasicers’ Bolt and Sheathing Ingot Copper, Block Tin, Spelter, Lead, 49 CLIFF ST., NEW YORK. Antimony, etc. PRINTERS’ BRASS, JEWELERS’ METAL, GERMAN SILVER AND GILDING METAL, COPPER Rivets AND BURRS. Pins, Brass Butt Hinges, Jack Chain, K ero. sene Burners, Lamps, Lamp Trimmings, &c. LOW BRASS, SHEET BRONZE. |2 MURRAY sT., NEW YoRK. 144 HIGH ST., BOSTON. 199 LAKE ST., CHICAGO, ROLLING MILL : FACTORIES BRONZE TUBING. ::: ss: + :|qZlamastow. comm. _|_wareRouRy. con, SCOVILL MFE. 60. BRASS, GERMAN SILVER Sheets, Rolis, Wire Rods, Bolts and Tubes, Brass Shelis, Cups, Hinges, Buttons, Lamp Goods. Special Brass Goods to Order. FACTORIES: WATERBURY, CONN. NEW YORK, Depots CHICAGO. BOSTON. Refuse Disposal and Power Produc- tion, With numerous figures, diagrams ani ae plate es. By W. F. Goodrich. [illus ed OED. GEOEB. 2 cc ccscccess $5.00 Regent on the Infiuence of Gauge ength and Section of Test gram Pamphlet. Tlustrated, 26 For'sale ) by David Wiliiaans Co, $88 William St. N.Y David Williams Co, 232 William St. Y Arthur T. Rutter & Co j 256 Broadway, NEW YORKA. Small tubing in Brass, Copper, Steel, Aluminum, German Silver, &c. Sheet Brass, Copper and Ger- man Silver. Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire. Brazed and Seamless Brass and Copper Tube. Copper and Brass Rod. “PHONO-ELECTRIC’ WIRE. “IT’S TOUGH." TROLLEY, TELEPHONE and TELEGRAPH LINES. oniaxenor, BRIDGEPORT BRASS CO, 19 Murray St.. New Yor GEORGE KROUSE HEAVY CASTINGS Manufacturer of all <inds of Mills ee “| Brass and Composition Casting Brazing Metals, Hard Composition and Phosphor Bronze Castings A sSpeciallt) 160 to 154 Morgan Street, JERSEY CITY, N. > 1$ er, er, ors nd nd be. ga Pp THE IRON AGE New York, Thursday, January 19, 1905. The Hughes Hydraulic Billet A cheap process for manufacturing steel billets in small quantities was patented in 1901 by William B. Hughes, 210 E. Willow Grove avenue, Philadelphia, Pa. It was particularly intended for plants that are not warranted in maintaining blooming mills and was of fered as a means of making them independent and capa- ble of supplying their own steel billets for finished work. A description of the process and the original machine Press. tensifier showing the shear and billet forming box, the mechanism for releasing the wedge to allow the billet to be ejected, and the mechanism for operating the clamp- ing arm, which holds the ingot while a slice is being sheared off. Fig. 4 is a plan view and shows an electric car upon which the ingot is conveyed to the press and the motor driven rollers on the car which handle the ingot. The same view shows the ram for feeding the Fig. 1—The Hughes Hydraulic Billet Press in Operation, Showing the Ingots Being Fed in at the Side. was printed in The Iron Age May 23, 1901. Briefly, the process consists of the casting of a large slab ingot, so that furnaces of good size may be employed, the shearing of the ingot into strips and the simultaneous compressing of the strips into properly shaped billets of homogeneous metal. Sinceits first appearance the machine has undergone several modifications and patents have been obtained on improved features. In the first machines the ram of the press was horizontal and the ingots were fed in by grav- ity. In the present form the ram is vertical and the in- gots are fed into the press horizontally on roller tables. Two views of the latest form of the press are given in the half-tones, Figs. 1 and 2, and the line drawings, Figs. 8 and 4, show it in plan and section. Fig. 3 is a vertical section through the press and in- ingot into the press and the roller table for conveying the blooms from the press. The process more in detail is as follows: A top cast ingot with a mean thickness of 8 inches, 40 inches wide and 60 inches high, weighing about 5000 pounds. is given additional heat and conveyed upon the electric car to the press, where the ingot is pushed under the shear block, the pusher following for each successive billet. To the large ram is secured a shear and compressing block, and each stroke of the ram shears and compresses a billet. The compression takes place in a rigidly con- structed box. The bloom being compressed to size, the wedge mechanism is released and the bloom is pushed out on the roller table by a hydraulic plunger, shown in Fig. 4, at the opposite end from the roll table. The ingot = pare on oP 224 THE IRON AGE is sheared into four blooms, each of which when com- pressed measures approximately 7 x 10 x 60 inches and weighs about 1250 pounds. When reheated they can be rolled into slabs of 8 inches and under or into 4 x 4 bil- lets, or finished direct into merchant or structural ma- terial. The water pressure used for shearing is 1600 pounds per square inch, and for compressing 5000 pounds per square inch, which is obtained by the intensifier. The compressing stroke is very short and requires but a small amount of water. One stand of 22-inch three-high rolls would be ample for rolling the blooms into billets or slabs for the smaller mills, or this mill might be arranged to roll the billets into finished product. <A large range of product can be covered by such a machine, and the January 19, 1905 Bolling & Lowe’s Trade Review. The annual trade review issued by Bolling & Lowe. London, England, deals with conditions throughout the world. Omitting the references to Great Britain, the United States, Canada and Mexico, regarding which coun- tries our readers may be assumed to be well posted, the review says: South Africa.—Progress is slow, but the advent of coolie labor has made a considerable increase in the gold production and also in the employ of surplus white la- bor. On November 30 there were working 19,316 Chi- nese, and we anticipate that about 51,000 will be em- ployed by June 30, 1905, while the number of natives also increases. The Transvaal November production was 336,- Fig. 2.—Another View of the Press in Operation, Showing the Billets as They Come from the Press. material should be of a very good grade, particularly the smaller product. One advantage of this method of billet manufacture has been found to be the small amount of boiler capacity required for running the mill engines and pumps. Out- side of the press all of the machinery is of the regulation marketed type, the pumps being the ordinary compound duplex. The inventor states that the press, pumps, valves and accumulator can be installed complete for about $40,000. oe The Western Society of Engineers, Chicago, has elected the following officers for 1905: President, Edward C. Carter ; first vice-president, G. A. M. Liljencrantz ; sec- ond vice-president, Chas. F. Loweth; third vice-president, L. P. Breckenridge ; treasurer, Andrews Allen; secretary, J. H. Warder. Trustees: B. E. Grant, T. W. Snow. Geo. M. Wisner. Past presidents in the Board of Direction: W. EL. Finley, Ralph Modjeski, H. W. Parkhurst. 167 ounces, the highest since 1899. The future of the country for many years must chiefly depend on an in- creasing gold output, which means new mining develop- ments and consequent demand for material in this coun- try. The Governments have sanctioned large schemes of railway extension and additions. Contrary to expecta- tion, emigration from here is on a very small scale. Australia.—Trade is improving, and would improve more rapidly if capital was not alarmed at the progress of the labor party with its socialistic programme. The law forbids the importation of Kanaka labor to develop the tropic and subtropic areas of the continent which cannot profitably be done by white workers, and thus pre- vents development which would bring greater prosperity there, and an increased demand here to our manufactur- ers. The evil effects of the drought have passed, and sheep and cattle are rapidly increasing, which greatly enhances the purchasing power of the commonwealth. As in other colonies, the idea of preferential trade with us January 19, 1905 has the support of many prominent statesmen. Shipments of wool from Australia and New Zealand from July 1 to October 31 show an increase of 65,000 bales as compared THE IRON to tN Jt AGE to be thickly populated, and would then be a market of Value for this count: a has had one of the best years of the last decade. Owing to the enhanced price of cotton the export trade is advanced nearly £6,412,000. Trade returns for the yeal all commodities furnish striking evidence of in- dustrial development d prosperity, while the exchange ias been favorable. Hgupt—Taxation is reduced and the national credit sing Irrigation works to increase the habitable area re urgently required, and so, too, are railroads that will ring the country into closer touch with Europe. The enlization of these ideals, and notably of a_ railroad from Tangier to Cairo, means work for the engineer and mployment for the workers in this country, as doubtless good share of the orders will come here. like the rest of has suffered from The great feature of the year has beer Germany, Europe, ude dullness. i} i if ? THE 'RON AGE Fig. 3.—Vertical Section through the Hughes Hydraulic Billet Press “ i | = | | aan mf b { —, t im r dy. . it een ‘ + ( (| Ih . 1} . ‘| — ©) ‘ } 4 iF 7 iF if } | | | ie id x | j ’ S 5 } a } 1« I _ / } | 6 | ‘ rf } ——— J } os | lig. 4 Plan View of Hughe } ~ the formation of the steel combine of which nearly all — German works are members, and which has for its ob- with last year. The Melbourne wool sales have been ac- tive. and prices average 5 per cent. higher. New Zealand continues on the prosperous road, and, with a large area suitable for agriculture, ought in time jects the steadying of tion. Italy is taking its place among the industrial powers, and this is shown by a reduction in the imports of manu- factures and by its exports to the east of Europe and America. The numerous waterfalls supply ample power tor electric work. The prosperity enjoyed by this country has continued. The harvest of 1902 was a failure, and 1903 was, unfortunately, of a similar character. Timber exports have been lower and prices poor. As regards the iron industry, one of the most important export indus- tries, the quantity exported during the first seven months of the year, compared with the corresponding period of 1903, showed au increase of some 2000 metric tons, due to a greater export of pig iron and ingot iron. A decrease prices and regulation of produc Sweden. not > rae 220 THE IRON AGE of 6400 metric tons took place in the export of bar iron. A marked increase is, however, found in the imports of iron and steel goods, more especially in rails and pig iron. Argentina.—The development of the vast territory governed from Buenos Ayres is a matter of much conse- quence to Great Britain, which has so large a stake (at least £50,000,000) invested there. It was a source of sat- isfaction that the threatened war, which would have in- volved Argentina, Chile, Peru and Brazil, was avoided during President Roca’s tenure of office, and that his successor is a man with whom foreign interests will al- ways be carefully considered, and he has been the legal adviser of several of the chief companies operating with “immigrant capital.’ The imports for the first six months of the year, excluding bullion, show an increased value of $29,766,654, and the exports $15,539.456 over the same period in 1908. The United Kingdom has over 35 per cent. of the imports. There are 11,000 miles of railway in working order. Europe depends more and more each year on the republic for wheat. South American Republics in general have had a pros- perous year free from revolution—that bugbear of com- January 19, 1905 The Ess Ess Revolving Chuck. The revolving chuck shown in the accompanying illus- trations is designed for use in the manufacture of angu- lar brass work such as steam, water and gas fittings and valves where it is desirable and economical to per- form operations on various parts of a single piece of work that are in different planes. For instance, the operations on the two openings of an elbow, the three opening of a Y, or the three openings of a gate or globe valve, including the two seats worked to an angle of, say, 7 degrees, are all performed without removing the work from the chuck or stopping the lathe. It is known as the Ess Ess revolving chuck and is manufactured by the Scott & Sons Company, Medford, Mass. The novelty of the device is apparent, since the company has been granted a basic patent on the invention. The peculiar feature of the chuck is its ability to re- volve work in a plane at right angles to that of the lathe spindle while the lathe spindle is revolving. <A pull of the lever handle A in Figs 1 and 3 revolves the work 45 degrees, that being the regulation index, but this Fig. 1—A Lathe Equipped with the Ess Ess Revolving Chuck. Made by the Scott & Sons Company, Medford, Mass. merce—with the exception of Uruguay. The coffee crop of Brazil has been good and secured fair values. Given a period of peace and honest financial measures, South America will, in time, be one of the most profitable of the European markets. China.—Trade has been fairly well maintained. a Rolling Mill Wages.—The bi-monthly settlement of the bar iron scale, which regulates wages of puddlers and finishers in rolling mills in the Youngstown district, was made in Youngstown, Ohio, on January 12. Wages for January and February will be on a 1.3 cent basis, so that under the terms of the Amalgamated scale puddlers will not receive an advance, while wages of finishers will be advanced about 2 per cent. There will be no increase in wages of puddlers until the card rate for bar iron reaches 1.4 cents. Under this 2 per cent. increase the wages of finishers will be advanced per ton as follows: Heater, 58 to 591-10 cents; roller 399-10 to 407-10 cents; catcher, 213-10 to 218-10 cents; rougher down, 17 7-10 to 18 cents; rougher up, 14 8-10 to 15 1-10 cents. Pilers on board go from $1.58 to $1.62; bushel boy on sand bot- tom from $2.05 to $2.10. o-oo _—__—_ The first move toward the sale of the plant of the Youngstown Bolt Company, at Youngstown, Ohio, to cap- italists of that city was made last week when W. C. Car- men was appointed receiver. It is the desire of the stock- holders to have the business closed up as soon as possible, and the plant will likely be sold within a short time. may be made any angle by replacing the index with one notched as desired or by the use of two indexes. The mechanism of the chuck may be considered as having two functions, one opening and closing the jaws and the other revolving the spindle in which the jaws are held. When the jaws are open the ends of the sleeves B and C, Fig. 2, are in line with the end of the spindle G. In Fig. 2 these parts are shown in the closed posi- tion of the jaws. Assuming that a piece of work is in the false jaws D in Fig. 5, the handle E, Figs. 1 and 2, at the head of the lathe is pulled forward—that is, toward the operator—the pull being a quick one, gripping the work practically instantaneously. During this quick pull the mechanical operation is as follows: The handle E moves the sleeve C forward by means of the yoke on the sleeve F. In recesses in the sleeve C are drag springs, by means of which the sleeve B is also carried forward At this stage of the operation the ends of sleeves B and C are on a line. The sleeve C continues to move for- ward and the friction balls in screws G ride up the in- clines H on the ratchet blocks I, overcoming the resist- ance of the springs J, and force down the ratchet blocks until their teeth have become engaged with the teeth of the rack K, which is set into and is integral with the spindle. The function of the springs is to lift the ratchet block out of mesh with the rack on the spindle when the pressure of the friction balls is removed, in the reverse operation of the lever, in opening the chuck jaws. The engagement of the ratchet anchors the sleeve B, and as the sleeve acts as the fulcrum of the levers L, it I f + Fi w ai n January 19, 1905 is easily seen that an opportunity is given for the cone M to force apart the long ends of the levers L, which causes a powerful force to be transmitted to the toggle levers N in Fig. 3 in the chuck body through the medium of the bar O, which leads from the adjusting plug P to the plug Q in the chuck body. The levers L have a ratio of 15 to 1, and this power is further intensified in the toggle levers, which transmit the power direct to the jaws. A reverse motion of the lever opens the chuck jaws. The adjusting plug P, Fig. 2, is used to increase or decrease the amount of grip on the work. Before ad- justing for a given piece of work the chuck is locked upon the work by pulling forward the handle E to its full limit. If more grip is required the handle is pushed back until the locking levers L are in the position shown by the dotted lines in Fig. 2, and the adjusting plug is then turned slightly to the left, or if less grip is desired the plug is turned to the right. In either case one-eighth turn is generally ample to produce the desired result. Fig. 2.—Side and Plan Views of the Mechanism at the Head End of the Lathe. This regulation is required only when a new batch of work is started, and after this the locking device auto- matically accommodates any variation which may ordi- narily occur in castings. The second operation of the chuck mechanism is the rotating of the chuck jaws. This is accomplished by the handle A in Fig. 3, which carries forward the sleeve R, and this sleeve in turn forces in the plug S. This plug connects with a ratchet band surrounding the rotating spindle T. The pawl in this band acts upon teeth cut into the rotating spindle. Consequently when the plug S is driven in the ratchet pawl rotates the spindle T. The action of plug S also unlocks the rotating spindle. Fhe index, which is integral with this plug, is slotted at any desired angle to take a spring pressed locking pin. Generally it is slotted at each 45 degrees of its circumference. When plug S is driven in it actuates a rocker, which causes the locking pin to withdraw from the index and releases the pin just after the turn of the rotating spindle has begun, leaving it ready to enter the next slot in the index. The ratchet action continues, the spindle rotating, until the locking pin is reached by the next slot. Each forward motion of the handle A causes a rotation of the spindle. For instance, if the three openings of a Y fitting are to be faced and tapped, when the end in line with the lathe spindle has been fin- ished the operator pulls lever A and the rotating spin- THE IRON AGE dle turns 45 degrees, putting the 45-degree opening of the Y in line with the turret tool. This opening being worked, the lever is pulled three times, each pull accom- plishing 45 degrees, until the third opening, in line with the first—that is, 180 degrees from it—is reached. Diversi- fied indexing for special work may be accomplished by using two indexes, one having the regulation 45 degrees, the other special degrees. The special index is placed on top of the other, and a second locking pin ts placed over that of the regulation index plate, both pins being operated by the one rocker. In such an instance the lock- ing pin that is first reached by a slot on its index plate is the next to index. The lathe is equipped with the usual turret. —_————_»p--o—————___ The New Walker Grinder, Improvements have recently been made on the uni- versal tool grinder made by the Walker Grinder Com- pany, Worcester, Mass. These do not affect the mechani- THE IRON AGE Fig. 3 Detail of the Ess Ess Chuck Mechanism. cal operation. As an illustrated detailed description of the grinder was given in The Iron Age of July 28, 1904, it was thought necessary to make mention of only such changes as are found in the new grinder. The open column has been replaced by a substantial closed column, and the down leading belt passes inside of the hollow wheel post instead of outside, as in the open column type. The return side of the belt passes through an opening in one side of the housing. This new arrangement permits of a stronger form of post than where the belt is out- side the column, because it is hollow and of large diam- eter. Another change is that the tooth rest holder rests on top of the housing, which brings it always to an exact hight. The tooth rest may be bolted to a bracket above the center when it is desired to grind against the cutting edge of the tool, which is often preferred to grinding away from the cutting edge, as it is less liable to draw the temper. In all other respects the new grinder is similar to the one we previously described. ——__»- oe ___—_ The Oil Well Supply Company, Pittsburgh, reports that its foreign business last year was greatly in excess of that of 1903, particularly to places in the East Indies. During the last three months of 1904 the shipments of iron pipe and supplies to Rangoon and other points in the Far East amounted to more than 2500 tons. The outlook for the present year is said to be very promising. The com- pany also closed extensive contracts during 1904 with concerns in Russia, Roumania, Peru and Mexico. The latter country is now a very promising field, as new oil wells are being dug in the Vera Cruz district. The Mexican Government imposes a protective duty of $4.68 per barrel on crude oil and $16.20 on refined, which gives a great impetus to the exploiting of native fields. No refineries have as yet been erected there, but capitalists are now looking into the matter of starting several. eee — 228 THE IRON AGE Lake Mining Matters. Atikokan Range Development. DULUTH, MINN., January 14, 1905.—Two or three weeks ago this correspondence stated that negotiations between Jas. C. Hunter and associates, owners of a large por- tion of the Atikokan iron ore range, Ontario, north of the Vermillion region, and Mackenzie & Mann and others were drawing to a close. It is now understood that they have peen closed. Mr. Hunter is not in Duluth and no authentic statement can be had, but the deal is supposed to be along the lines that have been known here some time. Through it the Atikokan will be opened for min- ing; the Canadian Northern road, which is owned by Mackenzie & Mann, will build a short branch thereto; ore docks are to be erected at Port Arthur, on the north shore of Lake Superior, and a furnace industry begun there. Hugh Sutherland, who is associated with Mac- kenzie & Mann, is largely interested. The town of Port Arthur has offered in return for the furnace, &c., the gift of a large and well situated site on the shoré of Thunder Bay, the exemption from taxation of the prop- erty of the company for 20 years and to subscribe for $200,000 of the company’s bonds. It is expected, of course, that the erection of a furnace will be a stepping stone to further operations in iron and steel manufacture. The Atikokan has already been described in The Iron Age, especially four years ago, when an option was held by the American Steel & Wire Company on the Hunter- McKellar properties. This option would probably have been closed but for the formation of the United States Steel Corporation and the decision of the latter company not to take up options of that character at once. There is a great exposure of high grade magnetic ore, running some distance and drilled by the American Steel & Wire Company to show a very considerable depth. This ore carries some sulphur, one of the disappointing elements in so much Canadian ore. It was believed by Jos. Sell- wood, who carried on the explorations mentioned, that this sulphur was chiefly carried in the walls and dimin- ished to a percentage not too great for successful reduc- tion in the main mass of ore. The phosphorus content of this ore is remarkably low, many assays having been made that show less than 0.01. The ore is very hard and dense, quite dry and rich in iron. It is so located that mining will not be unusually costly. The Sault Works, In this connection it is officially reported that the rail mill of the Lake Superior Corporation at the Sault is filied with orders to next October with a tonnage of about 100,000 tons placed by various Canadian lines, chiefly the Government, the Canadian Pacific Railroad, the Grand Trunk and the Canadian Northern. Orders are pending that will maintain the works full into 1906. It is further stated that the Canadian Pacific Railroad has withdrawn from the position that good rails cannot be made in Canada and has placed an order for 25,000 tons of 80-pound rails, with more under contemplation. There is no question that in Western Canada, in points that can be advantageously reached from the Sault or elsewhere on Lake Superior, there will be for many years a large and growing market for rails and other forms of steel. The whole region west from Winnipeg to the Rocky Mountains is now in the condition of the States of Minnesota and the Dakotas in 1880, when the develop- ment of wheat growing on a large scale was in its in- fancy there. There is no industry into which a railroad can build from which the returns will be as quick as one in which wheat is a main crop. A new road, bringing in for its initial freight seed wheat and farming implements with which to turn over the virgin soil, will in 90 days thereafter be carrying away the first crop raised with the aid of those very implements. And the tonnage that comes from a comparatively small area of wheat land is so large and consists of so valuable a freight that the railroad may be earning large profits almost at once. On the Marquette Kange. Cleveland Cliffs Iron Company shows few changes this new year over a twelvemonth ago, other than the con- tinued development of its Maas mine at Negaunee and developments at Swanzey. At the company’s Cliffs shaft, January 19, 1905 Ishpeming. there is on surface a large tonnage of un- crushed ores that will be prepared for shipment in due time. A day shift is working in this mine. At its Lake Angeline mine there has been a complete change in sur- face equipment in the year and a new shaft has been com- pleted and put in operation. It is mining steadily and shows little change either in tonnage or other ways dur- ing the past year. The Salisbury is working well and is an important part of the company’s properties. Moro is idle. The grade of ore mined there is not in large de- mand at present, but there are intimations that it may come into the operating list before long. The Negaunee has been under development steadily since the company took possession 15 months ago, and it is being made over in great measure. The past year’s production was not so large as might have been the case if this work had not been considered important. At the new Maas the shaft that has been going down for two or three years is now below the 600 level, and at 700 will rest. Ore was cut by diamond drill at that depth, and a level will be driven to reach it. There should be a large and valuable mine if the company is to be rewarded for its costly and per- sistent efforts to open it. On the Gogebic range the com- pany has been working the Ashland mine for two years, and has already Cleaned up enough money from ore pro- duced to pay the $500,000 bonus required by the Hayes, from whom it bought the lease, and is now “ to the good” on the deal. The mine is good for a large tonnage for many years. This company’s Mesaba properties are in- considerable, and are not in operation. Some work has been done the past year on lands at Swanzey, south of the Marquette range, where there are hopes of good ore bod- ies. One shaft is down and another is to be sunk. Sev- eral buildings have been erected. The Negaunee mines of the Oliver Iron Mining Com- pany are likely soon to be reduced by the practical ex- haustion of Queen, which is now being cleaned out. The old Buffalo properties are in somewhat similar condi- tion and cannot long be of importance. Blue is a good mine, and is the mainstay of the group. It is mining well, and the surface equipment has just been materially improved. At the company’s new Hartford is being opened a large and good mine. In the Cascade section the company has its steam shovel Moore property, which will be ready for an output the coming season. The use of shovels in that ore was found economical and very suitable last season. This is the only steam shovel mine in the Marquette district. Champion has been idle since it came into possession of the company, and may con- tinue so some time. It has a considerable stock of ore on surface. The Labor Outlook, It is estimated that additional men to the number of at least 1800 will be employed in the Crystal Falls sec- tion within a short time. These will be distributed at many mines, including Chapin, Aragon, Pewabic, Riverton Group, Nanaimo, Breen, Walpole, Loretto, Antoine, Corri- gan Group, Pickands, Mather Group, and others. Indeed the entire Menominee range is looking more active than has been known for years. The wages paid by the Oliver Iron Mining Company at all its mines, on all lake ranges, have been readjusted to meet present conditions. This readjustment means that they have been advanced to the same level that was in force before the spring of 1904. It is a fact that wages on the iron mining end of the United States Steel Corporation have not been equal to those paid in mills of the concern further east, and it seemed only fair that there should be a change. This has been made without application therefor on the part of the men, and was en- tirely voluntary. Some of the other mining companies have already advanced similarly, and the rest will be obliged to at once. Men are none too plenty, and the good ones have about all been put at work. In addition to the contracts for some 20 steel ore ships to be put out at lake shipyards this winter sev- eral ships are to be enlarged. Pickands, Mather & Co., who have charge of the Victory and Constitution, steamship and barge, are to have them both lengthened about 75 feet, and their carrying capacity increased about 20 per cent. Other boats of the 4000-ton class will be sim- ilar Vict wor shir and : ' bou opti bee) ran wei will com and Vir; ord sev ear! Mes and inte sho is a for esti are tior mir gro stor Bal idle as | oF ! mir nes Sta of | was tior con non for pro abe yea Ish At at for un\ me Me 20, the nac an eX] SOL om she by wo of spr las as al ex] tri abl Ca of pal ou January 19, 1y05 ilarly improved if places can be found for them. The Victory and Constitution are both at Duluth, and the work will be done at the head of the lakes. The two ships will be put into dry dock, cut in two, pulled apart, and the additional sections put amidships. Active Preparations for the Coming Season. Some little time ago the Oliver Iron Mining Company pought eight 90-ton Bucyrus steam shovels and took an yption for six more at the same figure. This option has been closed, and the 14 will be delivered on the Mesaba range in the spring. All are of similar design, 90 tons weight, and with dippers capable of a 5-ton load. Eight will be apportioned to the Hibbing district, where the company has many important mines that are open pit, and the others will be distributed to Mountain Iron and Virginia. In addition to these shovels the company has ordered 100 6-yard standard gauge stripping cars and several locomotives for use in pits. Its intention is to carry on a large amount of stripping development at Mesaba mines without the intervention of contractors and most of this equipment has been bought with this intention in view. The company has now, with these new shovels, about 60 large machines. This additional order is an indication of what is expected of the Mesaba range for 1905. Railroad managers here have as yet no exact estimates of what is expected of them for the season, but are looking for figures shortly, and are making prepara tions to receive a vast production with equanimity. Exact figures of the business of 1904 from the Illinois mine, near Baraboo, have been made out and are 47,735 The mine went into the new year with a stock of about 11,000 tons on surface. My estimates of Baraboo shipments for the year had been 50,000 tons. Interesting announcements of early resumptions at idle mines are coming along as steadily and frequently as depressing reports of closing them were issued a year or so ago. This week it has been stated that Minnesota mine, at Tower, Vermillion range, and Cundy, at Quin- nesec, Menominee range, were to start. Both are United States Steel Corporation mines and both are producers of large tonnage for underground properties. Minnesota was closed a year ago, but the pumps remained in opera- tion. It is popularly supposed to be well worked out, but contains several million tons of fair ore yet. It is now a non-Bessemer property and will require about 400 men for full operation. Cundy is capable of a far larger production than it has yet achieved and will employ about 175 men. Old Quinnesec will also be active this year with a fair force of men. Cleveland Lake mine, at Ishpeming, has added a night force of about 200 men. At Iron River, Menominee range, operations are resumed at Riverton, which has been kept unwatered, though idle for some time. Dober mine, of the same group, is to be unwatered and will resume later. Ore hoisting has com- menced on the new Youngs mine, adjoining Baltic. Menominee range, and it will be a producer of perhaps 20,000 tons this year. Hiawatha mine, which belongs to the Thomas Furnace Company, operating Minerva fur- nace, Milwaukee, is to be unwatered and reopened soon and will be a producer of some consequence. Pickands, Mather & Co. have taken the old Barasa exploration, Negaunee, and will endeavor to develop something of value therein. Exploration is to begin at once and will be pushed rapidly. Barasa has never shown great value, but has not been thoroughly explored by any one. The International Iron Company, that has been working for the past year on Hunter’s Island, just north of the Minnesota boundary, has ceased operations until spring at least. The company has had a drill there since last summer and has cut much jasper and iron formation, as well as some ore, but not enough of the latter to make a mine, or more than to allure the workers on to further expenditure that may later prove what is in that dis- trict. The geological surveys have been somewhat favor- able to the Hunter’s Island region, especially that of Canada, which has compared it to the productive portion of the Vermillion range. On the other hand, the White Iron Lake Iron Com- pany, which has spent many thousand dollars in drilling ou the southerly formation, near Ely, Vermillion range, gross tons. THE IRON AGE 229 has reorganized, secured more money and is to resume operations. It is a case of men without experience and knowledge rushing in where those of the most ample information would fear to tread, but there is always the possibility that the rash experimenter may find what he seeks, even though indications may not point that way. Explorations are under way on the Deerwood range for the Mahoning Ore & Steel Company, which is the first mining concern that has gone into the region. Work done in that vicinity a year ago by the Oliver Iron Mining Company was on another formation that is said by those who have made the region a study not to correlate with the Deerwood district, to which has been given the some- what strained name of “ Cuygona.” The original con- cern in this district was the Orelands Company and it is at work with others. So that there are now five or six drills in the region, with the probability that the num- ber will be considerably increased with the advent of seasonable weather in the spring. D. E. W. ————-.-o———___ Electric Dissipation of Fogs. rhe dispelling of fogs by means of electric currents is exciting 2 good deal of interest among leading phys- icists Of the world. It is possible by the use of elec- \rcity to rid the city of London or New York harbor or San Irancisco harbor or any other neighborhood of the heaviest fog. The only question is the cost. It may be too great, and this is what a commission is trying to as- certain at the instance of the city of London. The report is looked forward to with much interest. Sir Oliver J. Lodge, one of the foremost of British physicists, is giv- ing this subject profound thought, which is itself proof of the importance of the work and of the probability of the successful solution of the problem. His latest patent, just granted, provides for a comparatively simple elec- trical apparatus, consisting of “a combination of high potential rectifiers arranged in quadrilateral groups of four, or multiples of four in such a way that, instead of the reverse pulses of the alternating current supply being nonexistent as at present, they are re- dressed to form the positive and negative discharging streams required for deposit purposes.”” In other words, the alternating current is used, but the pulse is all in one direction. The property of the electric discharge of causing the coalescent deposit of matters suspended in a gaseous medium has not come into general practical use on ac- count of the difficulties attendant on the use of the stat- ical electrical apparatus, this class of apparatus being too delicate and easily upset for use on an extensive scale, to again quote from Sir Oliver’s patent papers. There is nothing new in the knowledge of the general principle involved in all fog dispelling apparatus. The direct cur- rent passing through the atmosphere provides, in the form of electrons, the necessary nucleus about which the par- ticles of moisture collect until they constitute drops of rain. To dispel the London fogs, for example, the ap- paratus would be stationed at different points about the city to project their currents through the atmosphere until the fog has precipitated as rain. Electrical engineers agree that the cost of such opera- tions would probably be great, measured in equipment and maintenance, as well as in horse-power required. It would mean the establishment of large electric power sta- tions. Possibly such stations might dispose of their power to financial advantage during days when their services are not needed for ridding the city of fog. But the cost of alleviating this moisture and hindrance to business would be considerable, no matter how economically the electric plants might be managed. Yet in considering the cost, it must be with relation to the good accomplished in the health and comfort of the community, as well as to business. A London fog costs a good deal of money. So does a fog in such a harbor as New York. It holds up the routine of business, which is expensive. Thus while it might cost a great deal of money, yet compared with the financial saving by preventing the holding up of business, and with the general public benefit, the expense might be relatively small, as is frequently the case in the matter of large public expenditures, suppressed or e Rolls for Uneven Angles.—II. Difierent Forms of Passes, There are some forms uf passes in which the shaping process may be carried on all through the series; there are others in which the section must be formed in the first half of the series and rolled down substantially in the form in which it is ultimately finished. The latter class includes those sections having projections from the main body or from a web, which, if not formed while the metal is hot and the flow comparatively free, are al- most certain to be deficient in form and size. These de- ficiencies are found at the extremities of the section and may be caused by errors in the constructive details of the pass or by disproportionate draft in other parts of the section. As before stated, when the component parts of the section have become well defined and the flow of metal restricted by the interposition of the roll collars, the bar must either be then finished or the section must be of such relative proportions one part to another that the bar may be rolled down to finished size without a fur- ther redistribution of the mass. Rails, beams and similar sections are examples of this class, but with angles the forming process may be carried on in a modified degree to the last pass. It is generally advisable, however, to make all radical changes in the first passes while the bar is hot and the mass offers the least resistance. The con- ditions most conducive to this end are: a position of the pass to obtain the best results from the rolls’ action, a billet of svitable size and shape, the outlines of the pass to be such as to aid the transition of the mass under dis- placement. As a general rule the object in the roughing passes should be to drive the displaced metal toward the largest part or parts of the section. The vertical lines in Figs. 5, 6 and 7, to which is subjoined the outline of the forming collar, indicate the direction in which the collar THE (ROW AGE F ig.vo acts upon the bar. It is seen that by the action of this collar, the face of which is represented by the line a bc d, one side of the oblong section of the billet is sub- jected to considerable reduction and the flow receives no aid from the rolls’ action, which is in a line directly across the section. In an operation like this the displaced mass is not forced into other parts of the section, but goes to increase the length of the bar on that side under draft, and if not prevented it would bend sharply away from that edge. When closely held in line by guides and the draft is not too heavy the mass will readjust itself, partly by flowing and partly by drawing out, the portion not being directly reduced. Passes similar to these may sometimes be necessary and can be made to work, but THE IRON January 19, 1905 AGE the draft should not be too heavy and the pass must be sunk in a groove and well supported by guides, front and back. It may be remarked here that in rolling, as in other methods of forging, the displaced particles ac tually require time to readjust themselves and that THE IRON AGE Fig.6 too much of a change at one operation does not afford this, and should not be done if avoidable. It is the application of the principle underlying this that makes the forging press superior to the hammer—its deliberate action gives time for one particle to impart motion to another, by which they move together and lessen, if not Fig.7 avoid entirely, all tendency to disintegration. The fact that a number of passes are required to produce a sec- tion shows that the operation of reforming the section of the billet cannot be accomplished at one time and that each pass has its limitations in that particular, and a change in section involving great displacement if over- done may result in tearing the structure apart. It is evi- dent, therefore, that it is advisable to carefully consider what form and position of pass are the most efficient and best adapted to promote the most perfect physical struc- ture. It is not mere reduction in sectional area that is in question. When the bar is subjected to a draft pro- portional to its thickness in all its parts it will stand, and in most cases improve, under any amount to which it may be reasonably subjected, but we may construct passes wherein reduction in sectional area is compara- tively slight, yet the change in form may be so radical that the structure may be permanently injured if not torn asunder at once. Steel bears the action of the rolls in a manner greatly superior to iron. The one may stand an ows wt Gf a ee a a ae aa a January 19, 1905 a draft that would tear the other apart. Nevertheless, what may prove destructive to one is evidently more or less injurious to the other, notwithstanding its extraordi- nary cohesiveness under severe trials. A form of pass as shown in Fig. 6 will work easier than that shown in Fig. 5, for the reason that the general direc- tion of the face of the roll a bc is a gradual curve, which would not only be easier in operation but would also help the flow, and would be, therefore, capable of some what heavier draft of displacement than that shown in Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is the same form as that shown in Fig, 5, but set in a different position. If we can set the pass in such a position that the faces of one or both rolls may be made to force the displacement into the main body of the section we not only effect reduction, but the read- justment as well. In the position Fig. 7 the vertical lines in which the rolls revolve are also those on which the metal should flow. Comparing Figs. 5 and 6 with Fig. 7 it is readily seen that in the first two both rolls en- gage the edge of the billet on the right hand and reduce it between two faces which revolve in direct opposition to each other, and it may be readily seen that the flow, which should be to the left, receives little or no assist- ance from their action. In Fig. 7 the vertical line which is drawn through the pass in the path of the rolls’ motion indicates the point where and how the roll engages the bar. It also shows that not only does it assist the flow but that a considerable portion of the displacement, all that to the left of the line mentioned, is driven directly into the main body of the pass, the part not under re- duction. It may be, therefore, inferred that this is the best position for a pass reducing a billet by the method shown in Figs. 5, 6 and 7. Notwithstanding the advan- tage of its position the preponderance of draft is on the one edge of the billet, and it is not to be expected that the bar would go through the pass without a bending effort, which would have to be met by the