The Iron Age 1905-01-12: Vol 75 Iss 2

THE IR A Review of the Hardware, Iron, Machinery afi@-mees Trades. Published every Thursday Morning by David Williams Co., 232-238 William st... New York, Vol. 75: No. 2. Reading Matter Contents Alphabetical Index to Advertisers ‘‘ Classified List of Advertisers.... ‘‘ Advertising and Subscription Rates “‘ 164 New York, Thursday, January turned inside and out on their own center. __ Cuba, N. Y. Bristol’s Patent Steel Belt Lacing. SAVES Time, Beits, Meney. GreatestStrength READY TO APPLY FiNisHEDvowy With Least Metal Send for Circulars and Free Samples. THE BRISTOL CO., Waterbury, Conn. Samer wait, CORD Alse Linen and Italian Hemp Sash Cord, SAMSON CORDAGE WORKS, Boston, Mass. TURNBUCKLES. 11 Broadway, New Cleveland City City Roope. and Iron Co., - Cloteland, O. i at BASIC PIG. PILLING & CRANE, f=ssryenkcerot ew = Tinie. Hos D. BROS., BROOKLYN, | - N.Y. How to get an MF Calendar See AMERICAN SHEET & TIN PLATE CO.’S Ad, on Page 23. FOIster Pulleys Forster Pulley Works, $83 00 a Year, including Postage. l2, IQgOo5. Single Copies, 15 Cer.ts. Field Guns Are RemarKable for although they shoot hard and last long, they can be bought at a moderate price. Dealers, can retail the hammerless “ K” grade for $25.00 4 and make a handsome profit; other grades at higher prices. Remington Guns are thoroughly advertised among the rst men. THE REMINGTON ARMS COMPANY, ILION, N.Y. Agency, 315 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Depot, 86-8 First St., San Francisco Cal. NNR i PLAIN PATTERN Sa HEAD. o 3 : Gapewell Horse Nails : ~ 6 w re Branches: > - NEW YORK, DETROIT, BALTIMORE, S < PHILADELPHIA, CINCINNATI, NEW ORLEANS, m CHICAGO, SAN FRANCISCO, DENVER, 0 WwW 8st. LOUIS, PORTLAND, ORE., [XO MEXICO, = - BOSTON, BUFFALO, TORONTO, CANADA, » ? THE CAPEWELL HORSE NAIL CO.,, Hartford, Conn. 3 2 2 PLAIN Can rans REGULAR HEAD. JENKINS BROS. VALVES The Manufacturers have one aim constantly tn view—that of giving the user the best valve that can be produced, re- gardless of expense. It is their specialty, and every precau- tion is used to have their valves as near perfection as possible. Write for booklet,—‘‘ Valve Troubles.’’ is met Drawing ex §tam pin JENKINS BROS., N New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago. Leadon. SEE “ Sedan” Gold Rolled Steel ng MAGNOLIA METAL. (Water and Rail Delivery) Best Anti-Friction Metal for all Machinery Bearings. Pac-Simile of Bar. Beware BRIDGEPORT, CONN, -S imitations. MAGNOLIA METAL CO., Owners and Sole Manufacturers, 113-116 Bank Street, $02 Francltco, Montreal, Boston, and Pittsharg. Chicago, Fisher Bidg. NEW YORK. competitive prices. oo aa ~ THE IRON AGE SHEET |THE PLUME & Atwood MF6, Co, mn ASS — eye atte a a Sheet and Roll Brass COPPER WIRE — PRINTERS’ BRASS, JEWELERS’ METAL, GERMAN GERMAN (sweet (Stan sume sem sort Pins, Brass Butt Hinges, Jack Chain, Kero- ROD Galt ON SILVER _— OS eee Re Yi ma LOW BRASS. SHEET BRONZE. |% MURRAY ST., NEW YORK. “West BRANCH” eae EV 2i4| | CEAMLESS BRASS AND COPPER BR Se a SLA EEe.ee) |TUBING. BRAZED BRASS AND] sousso xn: Factontxs : BRONZE TUBING. : ::::::: FScoviLt MFe. 00.) Randolph-Clowes . ¢wateRBuRY BRASS CO., : ‘BRASS, WATERBURY, CONN. WATERBURY, CONN. GERMAN SILVER MANUFACTURERS OF 99 John St., New York. Providence,RI mode, motte ana ‘Tubes, SHEET BRASS & COPPER. erence ee E A aTaTTs Brass Shells, Cups, Hinges, D Buttons, Lamp Goods. BRAZED BRASS & copper 3\Biidgeport Deoxidized Bronze & es te a Bde, SEAMLESS BRASS BRIDGEPORT, GONN. & COPPER TUBES | automobile Castings a Specialty. TO 36 IN. DIAM. : High Tensile Strength. Bronze and Aluminum Alloys. WATERBURY, CONN. Drpots NEW YORK, CHICAGO, BOSTON. FACTORIES: New York Office, 253 Broadway, Postal Telegraph Building, Room 715. Chicago Office, 602 Fisher Bldg. JOHN DAVOL & SONS, DEALERS IN Write Us. COPPER, TIN, SPELTER, LEAD, ANTIMONY. 100 John Street, . New York. Matthiessen & Hegeler Zinc Co., eee Arthur T. Rutter & Co. AND MANUFACTURERS OF 256 Broadway, SHEET ZINC AND SULPHURIC ACID. Special Sizes of Zinc cut.to order. Rolled Battery Plates. NEW YORK. Selected Plates for Etchers’ and Lithographers’ use. Selected Sheets for Paper and Card Makers’ use. Small tubing in Brass, Copper, Stove and Washboard Blanks. Steel, Aluminum, German Silver, ZINCS FOR LECLANCHE BATTERY. coh: Seen eee Capper ane Cer. Seamless Brass and Copper Tube. man Silver. Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire. Brazed and Ta aa w) i J al Copper and Brass Rod. ' \ i ASS eee att U ; PHONO-ELECTR IC | ae WIRE. “it's Toucu.” Best Bronze, Babbitt Metals Brass and Alaminum S&ST!NSS TROLLEY, .B "“salsmiaun s CASTINGS a FOUN DERS— FINISHERS. and w. G. ROWELL Co., Bridgeport, Conn. TELEGRAPH HENDRICKS BROTHERS LINES. PROPRIETORS OF THE Belleville Copper Rolling Mills, |i 5RIDGEPORT BRASS CO., Brazsiecers’ Bolt anual Sheathing FP age KROU SE COPPER, <a COoOPrPwrER. WiRE AND RIVE Ts. Brass and Composition Castings. Importers and Dealers in Brazing Metals, Hard Composition and Ingot Copper, Block Tin, Spelter, Lead, Antimony, etc. Phosphor Bronze Castings A Specialty 49 CLIFF ST., NEW YORK. 150 to 154 Morgan Street, JERSEY CITY, N, J: THE IRON AGE New York, Thursday, January 12, 1905. Direct Casting from the Blast Furnace. The’ Methods of Production of Cast Iron Tunnel Segments as Pursued at the Works of Thomas Butlin & Co., Limited, Wellingborough, Northamptonshire, England. Northamptonshire, geographically, is the most south- ern district of England where iron founding is in opera- tion,~ and ‘the’ ironmasters of that locality have long looked upon the metropolis as a most desirable market, seeing that a-:distance of only 60 miles separates them from London. In:view, however, of the fact that until re- cently the output has consisted mainly of pig iron their One may also couple with this circumstance the recog- nition of the fact that a modern tendency in manufacture is to eliminate intermediate processes while bringing the source of production as near as possible to the district in which the finished article finds a market. Thomas Butlin & Co., Limited, of Wellingborough, a firm established in 1852 and accredited the first to smelt Fig. 1—Two of the Finished Rings, 11 Feet in Diameter, as U —Made of Segments Cast Direct from the Blast Furnace aspirations in regard to London were not capable of real- ization; indeed, South Staffordshire was practically the only outlet for their production, in which district it is principally used in the manufacture of wrought iron, al- though some portion of the pig output was distributed to the foundries and forges of the Midlands, where it was remelted and worked into the manufactured article. It is perhaps the increasing use of soft basic steel, pro- duced at a lower cost than Staffordshire wrought iron, which has diminished the use and consumption of Northamptonshire pig iron. sed in the Great Northern & Strand Tunnel Railway of London. and Bolted Together After Having Their Ends Milled. Northamptonshire iron, determined upon an exhaustive series of experiments with a view to making castings direct from the blast furnace from their local ores, and so take advantage not only of the closer proximity of their works to London, but in addition effecting the econ- omy of not being compelled to import foreign ores from other districts. As the result of previous experiments made by this firm in respect to valves, valve seatings, car wheels, &c., for their own use, and their suitability hav- ing been demonstrated, they have now entered upon the process of direct castings upon a manufacturing scale. La Ain A ATES Rly Ne aA i NORE ROR Se Na b + 2 o a * “3 ra ~~ pels an 152 THE IRON AGE The Direct Casting of Tunnel Segments. A suggestion of the success obtained is afforded by the fact that this firm has now completed a contract of 5000 tons of tunnel segments, delivered at the rate of about 100 tons weekly, 90 per cent. of which were made direct from blast furnace metal without the intervention of the cupola. These were for the Great Northern & Strand Tunnel Railway, together with special castings for the King’s Cross and Piccadilly Line. As recently as June last this important development in the Northampton- shire iron ore district was celebrated under the presi- dency of Lord Lilford by the opening at the Irthling- borough Iron Works, Wellingborough, of a new foundry under the auspices of Thomas Butlin & Co., Limited, and the closely allied Northamptonshire Direct Castings Com- pany, Limited. The idea of casting direct from the blast furnace is naturally not new in metallurgy, but, owing to the de- January 12, 1905 a desired result and composition of pig metal, which is, in effect, carefully mixing the ores in the manufac- ture of pig, instead of the more usual practice of mixing different grades of iron in the cupola. The Northamptonshire iron ore obtained from the in- ferior oolite may be described chemically as a brown hy- drated sesquioxide of iron, containing about 6 to 7 per cent. of water of combination, in addition to its hygro- scopic mixture. The average yield of the raw ores in bulk is from 34 to 37 per cent. of metallic iron, but a cer- tain proportion of calcined ore is used to augment the yield. As good iron is the concomitant of good slag, the qual- ity of the slag was regarded during the experiments as an index to the character of the iron obtained from it. A typical slag was made which should contain about 15. per cent. of alumina, 32 to 33 per cent. of silica and 40 to 48 per cent. of lime. The result was a combination Fig. 2.—Interior View of the Segment Foundry, Showing the Arrangement of the Molds and the Traveling Hand Hoists Used in Manipulating the Molds and the Pouring Ladles.—The Metal is Brought from the Blast Furnace in Ladles Carried by a Locomotive Crane. mand for complicated castings, in which exact require- ments involving remelting in the cupola have to be met, as well as to the circumstance of the lack of uniformity in the metal thus produced, this practice has not been much followed, except for rough castings for works pur- poses or for very cheap shapes of cast iron goods. As the efforts made in the latter direction have not in all cases been successful, the means adopted at Messrs. But- lin’s works are of considerable interest. The success has been attained not so much by mechanical means as by a eareful study of the chemistry of the subject by W. H. Butlin, the chairman and managing director of the firm, with the ready assistance of W. Wright, the foundry manager. Selection of Ores to Produce Desired Castings. Recognizing the fact that suitable chemical combina- tions in the blast furnace are not only attended with economy of fuel but result in an improved quality in the process of manufacture, and taking advantage of the va- riability of the iron ores of the district, which would otherwise be detrimental to quality, Mr. Butlin selects the ores according to their chemical composition and then unites them in the proportions necessary to produce fusible at a comparatively low temperature. ‘The blast used preferably ranged about 900 degrees F., the object being to obtain the action’ of stronger reducing gases in the blast furnaces. Again, special care was taken in the selection of the limestone to insure as far as possible that it will be porous and that it will thus flux more readily and facilitate the admittance of graphitic carbon into the iron. The Coke, Another important element in success has reference to the quality and purity of the coke used, so as to in- sure that it will contain 90 per cent. by weight of car- bon, and not more than 7 to 8 per cent. of ash being preferable. A rough commercial test, which Mr. Butlin has introduced into the practice, is what he terms a gravi- metric test, which depends upon the low specific gravity of carbon in relation to that of the ash contained in a fuel. The practice is to weigh the coke in boxes of a cubic yard capacity after it has been broken into cubes about the size of a walnut, and if the weight of this ex- éeeds that of a given standard, suggestive of a larger pro- portion of ash than is desirable, the coke is subsequently analyzed. The usual float test is also applied. Jai sto bla un Th thi gro ma stil of ‘ha in di: ru we ro er! to pil sli de th in lox TI th January 12, 1905 The care taken in the selection of the iron ore, lime- stone and fuel obviates a higher temperature in the blast furnaces than would otherwise be necessary, and under proper conditions gives a sound and solid casting. The fuel consumption, about two-thirds coke and one third Yorkshire coal, is at the rate of 2520 pounds per gross ton (calculated as a coke equivalent), and the make, principally foundry iron, has the following con stituents: Per cent Graphitie carbon wa a ; : £2 Silicon TLOLee ree ee Ce ore 1.92 UN aiid cs 0 a se: usu cache ace I @, Mensou ieee 0.10 Manganese .... ; rec ey ee ee 0.24 Phosphorus .0.89 to 1.19 Owing to the exact and suitable chemical composition of the slag, and the fact that the district is deficient in THE IRON AGE » arating the floor space for the molds, as shown in Fig. 2. The ladles are manipulated by means of differential pul- ley block hoists mounted on trolleys running on overhead joists. The tunnel segments and other special castings are made in the foundry with ordinary sand. The specified test for the metal is a load of 28 ecwt. (31386 pounds) on a bar 3 feet 6 inches long by 2 x 1 inch, set 3 feet between centers. The segments weigh about 560 pounds, being 6 feet 7 inches long and 20 inches wide, with plate % inch thick and ‘flange 144 inches thick, and are formed with 4%-inch flanges on all four sides, so that they can be bolted together to make a complete ring 11 feet in diameter. The flanges, in accordance with the general practice, are on the inside, forming ribs to re- sist exterior compression. The ends of each segment are milled so as to insure a good bedding and to make the Fig. 3.—Interior View of the Machine Shop, Where the Ends of the Segments Are Finished Smooth by Means of the Double Head, Curved Bed Milling Machines Shown.—Both Ends Are Machined Simultaneously and Finished in Seven Minutes. ‘hard rocks suitable for road making, the iron works are in the position of being able to dispense with slag tips, disposing of the whole at a fair profit. The slag as it runs from the furnaces is molded into rectangular blocks, weighing about 1450 pounds, in side tipping cast iron ears, which chill rapidly. The blocks when cool are roughly broken by hand and passed through stone break ers with drum sizing sieves, which reduces the bulk up to road metal or railroad ballast size. The finer chip pings are finding a use as ballast in making granolithic slabs, and a considerable quantity has also been used in decorative molded work of the North British Hotel at the Waverley station in Edinburgh. The Methods of Production. The equipment of the foundry, though simple, is never theless very efficient. The casting channels have been extended beyond the pig beds of the furnaces to the side of a sunk pit containing the receiving ladles, which vary in capacity from 3% to 5 tons, and are taken away by a locomotive crane running on rails to the segment foundry. This is a rectangular building of 45 x 100 feet, open at the ends, with a railroad running down the middle sep- circle absolutely true. This milling work (see Fig. 3) is done on special tools made by Messrs. Kendall of Man- chester, having beds curved to the shape of the finished ring, upon which the segment is secured by bars passed through the end bolt holes, and both flanges are milled simultaneously by means of milling heads having in- serted cutters. Whitworth steel is used for the cutters, and the segments, which are 20 inches wide, are milled in about seven minutes, excluding the time taken for fixing. The finished segments are removed from the mill- ing machines by the crane and deposited on a pair of rail bearers, beneath which is a coal fire which heats them up to the temperature required for receiving the protecting bituminous coating. Thus, in the completion of the seg- ments, as well as in the intermediate stages, economy of manufacture is insured, and we understand that the con tract price is considerably less than that formerly’ found necessary. Theory of the Process. In reaching the standard of the foregoing results Mr. Butlin has started on the hypothesis that iron is iron pure and simple, and that the resulting quality of the pig A Segment is Placed in Machine= pane Slt an + oat Fewer etd Pas ga = 154 THE IRON AGE metal is principally due to the nature and relative pro- portions of the metalloids associated with it in its treat- ment in the blast furnace, and is strongly of opinion that quality and quantity are together incompatible to the ends in view in either case. It is further assumed that a strong producing action is necessary in the blast fur- nace where the best quality obtainable is sought after. Of the metalloids which play a more important part both carbon and silicon take a high place, from the fact that graphitic carbon within certain known limits promotes fluidity and softens the product, while silicon is equally useful in converting some of the combined carbon of the carbide of iron into graphite, thus preventing the hard- ening which might result from any excess of carbon in its combined form. It is also essential that sulphur should exist only within the smallest limits possible, and no better course insures this than to attend to the purity of the fuels used. With regard to phosphorus, it is not objectionable for a great number of castings where clear definition and fluid- ity are an advantage so long as it does not occur in suffi- cient quantity to impair their strength and breaking strain. These points are mentioned by Mr. Butlin as broadly suggestive of the lines upon which further investigation may be advantageously pursued. There are at this stage hopeful aspirations that in the future it may be possible so to unite theory with practice as to formulate the chem- ical compositions of the direct metal which is required as well as to become fully acquainted with the conditions under which these are obtained in the blast furnace. A reasonable assurance of the production of the kind of metal desired means nothing short of the perfection of a process which not only tends toward economy simultan- eously with quality but bids fair to have extensive use in the near future. ——~ 3 Profits. in. Iron. The following morceau from a Philadelphia news- paper will be enjoyed by many of our readers: Joseph Wharton, the iron and steel manufacturer, recently addressed the Wharton School students at the University of Pennsylvania on the iron industry. After- ward it was announced that he was ready to answer any questions which the students might wish to ask with regard to the iron business. One of the students, who was evidently considering the possibilities of iron, arose at once and asked: “ Mr. Wharton, will you tell us what the difference is between the cost of preparing the iron for sale and its market value?” “ Well,” said the iron magnate, after a pause, “ our profits are difficult to estimate. You must add the cost of skilled labor in the preparation to the primary cost of getting the ore out of the mines, and then there are almost endless incidentals. And then, too, the markets change, so that this further increases the difficulty.” And the student is still calculating the profits in iron. . The Creditors’ Committee of the C. Aultman Com- pany, Canton, Ohio, and allied corporations has sub- mitted a plan for liquidation. It is proposed that the committee acquire at such price and in such manner as it may deem for the best interest of the creditors of the several companies who shall deposit their claims with it, such portion of the assets of the Aultman Company of Ohio, the Arctic Machine Company of Ohio, the Cedar Rapids Supply Company of Delaware, doing business at Cedar Rapids, Iowa; the Western Supply Company of Illinois, the Kenyon-Rosing Machinery Company of Min- nesota and the E. T. Kenny Company of Indiana, as may be offered for sale by receivers or trustees in bankruptcy of those estates, or otherwise, at prices the committee may deem advantageous for the benefit of depositing creditors. The net proceeds realized are to be distributed pro rata among the creditors. January 12, 1905 The United Verde Copper Mine. BY DWIGHT E. WOODBRIDGE. Doubtless more misinformation has been given the pub- lic as to the United Verde copper mine than the most dis- credited promoter ever unloaded regarding his specialties, The unchanging policy of deep secrecy pursued by Sena- tor William A. Clark, owner of nearly all the United Verde stock ; the glamour that hangs about a success and the in- accessibility of the mine, far from the beaten paths of travel, all contribute to this lack of accurate knowledge. That it is a great mine, earning millidns each year, there is no doubt, but it is surely many times removed from the truth to claim that the owner has been offered the im- mense sums he is said to have refused, and its annual pro- duction of both copper and precious metals has been grossly overstated. Location and Geological Features. The United Verde lies at Jerome, on the eastern slope of the Black Hills range, in central Arizona, a little more than a mile above sea level. As the traveler climbs the range and descends its eastern side a belt of diorite is crossed that strikes north and south, and it is in slates in contact with this diorite that ores are found. These slates stand nearly vertical, and the diorite, as it ap- proaches the contact, appears to have a corresponding stratification. This belt traverses the country 30 miles, from the United Verde to the crest of the Bradshaw Mountains, and the slate varies in width from 1800 feet to several miles. There is a quartzite foot wall, a diorite hanging, and, wherever ore appears, cross dikes and sills of the latter rock are found branching out from the main wall and cutting across the slates and their replacement ores almost at right angles to their strike. Several mines are located upon this belt, but none other than the United Verde has proved of great value. The region has been prolific of stock certificate mines, into which the money of Eastern investors has been freely poured. The proxim- ity of a single mine like the United Verde, with an! un- usual name and a reputation for fabulous wealth, is ac- countable for not a little of this. The surface croppings at Jerome were very decom- posed, highly leached, quartz iron gossan. The ore body consisted of oxide and sulphide zones. The former have been worked out, and were not of great importance; the latter are now being mined. In the zone of secondary enrichment the dissolved copper has been reprecipitated in the upper portion of the sulphide zone, and here the ore is mainly argentiferous chalcocite, with some other alteration minerals. There is a very complete replace- ment of the slates by ore. Beneath, the unaltered ores are largely chalcopyrite and some bornite, carrying both gold and silver in considerable values. Description of the Property. In 1888 the mine was purchased by Senator Clark for somewhere near $35,000. It had been a small silver-gold producer, its values consisting largely of free milling ores contained in the oxidized zone on the side of the moun- tain and above the present mine. It is opened on a great lens of rich sulphide ores, and its ore body is said to be about 900 x 1400 feet in dimensions and of unknown ver- tical extent. It has been drilled to the depth of 2000 feet, with values, perhaps, fairly well maintained to the bot- tom of these holes. It is opened to the 800-foot level, but most of its mining is carried on above. In the area opened all ore is rich enough to smelt, and no concentra- tion is attempted. There are two incline shafts, only one of which is now in operation, the other undergoing re- pairs. On account of insufficient timbering in the past the mountain is moving, although slowly, and these open- ings give considerable trouble by drawing. The main shaft has three compartments and loads of three tons are hoisted. It comes up under the smelter, and ore is trammed direct from its bins to the furnaces. A large portion of the ore mined is roasted, and this is qrawn out of the mine through a tunnel, spread out in heaps wherever there is flat ground enough for making them, trammed back into the mine, and hoisted to the January 12, 1905 smelter. Of course this process entails considerable un- necessary labor and increases costs, but the layout was so planned as to require it. The mine is worked pillar and stall, and worked out stopes are filled with loose rock milled down from the surface through raises. Timbering is square set, and no more is used than is considered abso- lutely necessary, on account of the heavy cost of getting it in. It is said that a quantity of ore containing values of about $15,000,000 in copper alone, at the present price of the metal, is required to sustain the smelter buildings, but this is the merest current gossip. Men who know say that the interdiction of outsiders from the mine is unnecessary, so far as any idea if its magnitude may be concerned, as very little could be learned from a casual inspection on account of the maze- like and irregular character of the older openings. But it is not considered an especially pleasant or safe place to enter. These Jerome sulphides are especially liable to THE IRON AGE 155 mountain, heap roasted with a small amount of wood and taken back as stated above. Somewhere near 25 per cent. of the charge is this roasted ore, and a part of the remainder is oxidized material from open surface cuts, that carries not over 1 per cent. copper, but runs up well in precious metals. At the time of my visit about 800 tons of copper ore were smelted daily, and the product was 50 tons of Bes- semerized. The smelter contains 500-ton stacks, but these seem to be considered extravagantly large and the new stacks going in are smalier. When present improvements are completed the plant will consist of six stacks, with a capacity for nearly 1800 tons a day. Recently dust cham- bers have been added, and the flue dust, copper sulphate from precipitated waters, and some ore are briquetted and used in the charge. The smelter is situated on a level piece of ground on top of the mine, and the slag is earried a few feet away and dropped over the side of a United Verde Smelter, Jerome, Ariz. spontaneous combustion, and the mine has been on fire for many years. The friction of moving masses of the mountain has generated intense heat. At this time a considerable area of the best ores in the mine is bulk- headed off on account of fire. In 1902 the fire grew so serious that the mine was closed and sufficient carbon dioxide was permitted to flow down the shaft to fill the workings and kill combustion for the time being. This fire, which has been burning underground for seven or eight years, is slowly eating its way through the mine. Attempts to quench it by water are, of course, impossible, not only on account of the scarcity of that liquid and of the fractured character of the rocks inclosing the ore, but from the chemical action of the sulphides themselves, once thoroughly dampened. It is, therefore, a condition that will probably be permanent so long as there are ores rich enough in sulphur to provide fuel. Because of these fires, by reason of the heat of ordinary sulphide openings, of acidulated waters, of the drawing of shafts, of caving ground, and for other reasons, the mine is not considered a desirable place for work. The Smelting Plant. Treatment is by smelting in rectangular water jacket blast furnaces, making a 50 per cent. matte, blown up to blister copper, with a portion of the ore roasted to elim- inate the sulphur prior to smelting. The coke consump- tion is claimed to be exceptionally low, and 5 per cent. is officially given as the figure in regular charges. Ore for the roast heaps is trammed electrically through a 1300-foot tunnel from the 500 level to the side of the precipice not far from 100 feet high. An illustration of the smelter is herewith given. The Surroundings, The little town of Jerome is supported entirely by these works, and hangs by its eyebrows to the steep side of the mountain forming the west wall of the Verde River valley. These hills rise 3000 or 4000 feet above the valley and the mine is about half way up. As one looks off across the Verde and to the cliffs on the farther side, or as, coming into Jerome, he suddenly rounds some projecting scarp that has hidden them from sight, the view that bursts upon his gaze is entrancing. It is an- other Grand Canyon of the Colorado, with its brilliantly painted white and crimson sandstones, its castellated bat- tlements, its towers and cathedrals, its purple distances, its brown and drab foreground, its green patches thrown down by the riverside, where some enterprising Mormon may be irrigating a ranch the size of a pocket hand- kerchief, and its river winding slowly through the dis- tance to join the laboring Gila; it is all a scene that can never grow less beautiful nor ever be forgotten. But Jerome cares little for view. A camp more utterly for- lorn, more destitute for the majority of its workers of that which tends to make life pleasant, is hard to con- ceive. Butte, on its bare granite rocks, its sulphur smit- ten hilltop, where is neither blade of grass nor spear of living thing, and Deadwood, in its deep canyon, with house lights twinkling far toward the zenith and with its cyanide polluted streams, are uninviting enough; Jer- ome, with sulphur fumes ingulfing and burying habita- | iF M t at a od « + ca see oI ee Tae 156 THE IRON AGE January 12, 1905 tions that, but for a more or less pretentious row occu- pied by superintendents, are better hidden than in sight, and with its narrow, steep, unpaved hillside streets, foot- deep in dust, is a still less pleasing object. Commanding the village and surmounting an eutthrust abutment of the mountain stands the imposing Montana, a hotel built by Senator Clark for the accommodation of his em- ployees. In addition to his United Verde Senator Clark op- erates the Equator mine. Adjoining it is the Copper Chief, an idle property, owned in Connecticut. These, though but 6 miles away in a direct line, are about 15 miles by wagon road. At the Equator is a matte smelter treating 150 tons of rich ore, which is the daily product. Coke and supplies for this mine and smelter are hauled 15 miles by teams of 8 or 10 mules, and the matte is dragged back and blown up at the Jerome smelter. Ore from the Equator is delivered at its smelter over a rope tramway, and on account of high costs nothing but ores carrying a high percentage of copper and considerable precious metals can be treated at a profit. Connecting Jerome with the outside world, as repre- sented by the Santa Fé, Prescott & Phoenix road, is a nar- row gauge line 28 miles long, which is one of the inter- esting features of the situation. If it ever happens that the cowcatcher of a locomotive can collide with the rear end of the last coach, this road will give amplest oppor- tunity. There is place after place where the road turns almost at a right angle. The character of the engineer- ing done along this line can be judged from the fact that there is but one through rock cut worth speaking of on the entire road, and this though it swings in and out around and over the jagged mountains of rock for more than 14 miles. An extension of this road to the Equator has been surveyed and may be built in due time. All mine timber and supplies, all smelter coke, &¢c., are brought in over this road, and there are piles of coke at the junction point sufficient to run the plant four to six months. The Output and Its Cost. The United Verde in 1899 produced 43,995,000 pounds of copper. In the following year dividends of $4,498,680 were paid. This was the highest record ever made by the mine, and that was a period of 16 to 18 cent copper. Now it is making 100,000 pounds daily, which is to be increased when the smelter capacity has been enlarged, the mine brought up to a corresponding output and when a more adequate water supply shall have been brought in. It has been stated that the cost of making copper at Jerome, deducting gold and silver values contained in the product, is from 3 to 4 cents a pound, and this ap- proximates the net earnings record for a series of years. Om The Heyburn Bill to Regulate Corporations.—Sena- tor Heyburn of Idaho has introduced a bill proposing that Congress create a new department of the Govern- ment, to exist in connection with the Department of Commerce and Labor, to be known as the National Board of Corporations. This board shall consist of five per- sons, four to be nominated by the President and the fifth member shall be the Secretary of the Department of Com- merce and Labor. The bill provides that the board shall have the power to compel the production of all books or documents, or the attendance of witnesses necessary to the investigation of any corporation. Under the provi- sions of the bill no corporation would be permitted to engage in business in any State other than that in which it is incorporated, unless satisfactory proof is first sub- mitted to the National Board that it is incorporated for a legitimate purpose; that it is solvent; that it is not a party to any agreement to operate in restraint of trade or commerce; that it is not a party to any pooling plan which when carried into effect would create a monopoly of the trade or business; that no voting pool exists by which the full and free right to vote the stock of the cor- poration by the actual owner of such stock is abridged or prevented, and that no part of the capital stock of such corporation shall be owned, controlled or voted by any other corporation. The Longest and Heaviest Cold Rolled Steel Band Ever Rolled. A representative of The Iron Age had the pleasure of visiting the cold rolling plant of Henry Disston & Sons, Incorporated, Philadelphia, Pa., and witnessing the roll- ing of what is believed to be the longest and heaviest cold rolled steel band ever made. This band. an illus tration of which is shown herewith, is 201 feet long, 15 inches wide, 0.134 inch thick, and weighs 1474 pounds. The cold rolling operation was done on the firm’s 20-inch cold mill and by repeated passes reduced from 0.270 to 0.134 inch in thickness. This was accomplished on the regular outfit of the mill without making any special additions or arrangements for handling. The finished condition of the band as to uniformity of thickness and perfection of surface could not be ex- celled. It was perfectly straight and flat, and the edges were parallel the entire length. . Heretofore bands up to The Longest and Heaviest Cold Rolled Steel Band Ever Rolled. 50 feet in length and 14 inches in width have been regu- larly made by Henry Disston & Sons on this cold mill, but this is the first time. as far as known, that the cold rolling of a band of such length and weight has been so successfully accomplished either in this country or abroad. ——_—_¢--—_—__— The production of the Baldwin Locomotive Works. Philadelphia, Pa., for 1904 was 1453 locomotives, of which 1352 were actuated by steam, 94 by electricity and 7 by compressed air. This is a reduction of nearly one- third from the number built in 1903, which was 2022. The locomotives exported aggregated 286, to the fol- lowing countries: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Co- lombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Guatemala, Hawaii, Japan, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Porto Rico and South Africa. The company reports a very much better condi- tion of affairs for the coming year. - Up to this time orders have been booked for a total of 350 locomotives for the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. These are both of the freight and passenger type, and are apportioned into 325 locomotives for the lines east of Pittsburgh and 25 for lines west of that city. The Missouri Pacific Rail- road has placed an order for 50 locomotives, and the Cin- cinnati, Hamilton & Dayton an order for 30. A large number of orders have been booked for smaller quanti- ties, both from railroads and individual concerns. The prospect for future business is very good, preparations are being made to operate the plant on a much more extensive scale than was the case during the last half of the past year. THE January 12, 1905 The Kempsmith Universal Milling Machine. An interesting arrangement of motor drive for a uni- versal milling machine is illustrated herewith, being the product of the Kempsmith Mfg. Company, Milwaukee, Wis. A 1% horse-power constant speed motor, with back gear attachment, is mounted on a bracket bolted to the rear of the pedestal of the machine. The back gear shaft of the motor is connected to the driving shaft of the ma- chine by a wide faced belt or, if preferred, by a chain. The miller is provided with variable speed mechanism, giving a range of 16 changes obtained through ring fric- tions, a device which is of advantage in that it permits the combination for any desired speed being thrown in while the machine is running without interfering with its operation. The device is strong and of simple con- struction, and the various changes are obtained through levers located at the front of the machine within easy access of the operator. A speed plate attached to the IRON AGE 157 efficiency in ordinary milling. An index plate on the front of the box shows the entire range and the com- The levers for re versing all feeds and for automatically tripping them at any time are centrally located at the front of the knee, the operator has all the movements of the ma- chine under his contro] without changing his position. The column, base and bridge with the overhanging arm are cast in one piece, with substantial internal ribs which serve not only as tie plates for the sides of the but a series of handy shelves. The swiveling table on the universal miller shown in the illus tration is easily and firmly clamped at any position by a bevel clamping ring. The universal dividing head is simple and compact. The illustration also shows the improved construction of the side center tail stock, which allows the use of large diameter end milling cutters up to within 4% inch of the center. For milling tapers this center be readily raised. The telescopic elevating bination to obtain any desired feed. so that column, also form ean Motor Driven Milling Machine, Built by the Kempsmith Mfg. “ompany, Milwaukee, Wis. machine shows the full range of speeds and how to obtain each. The mechanism is neatly incased and has ample facilities for oiling the working parts. The starting box is mounted above the machine, where it is out of the way, although the switch and starting box levers may be easily reached by the operator. This arrangement for driving may be applied to the machine at any time after its completion, or it may be incorporated in the machine when it is built. The advan- tage of the latter is that the builders are able to devise a somewhat more compact construction. All feeds to the table are positive and automatic. The geared feed mechanism is simple and powerful. The gear box is recessed into the column, being rigidly supported without any overhanging part, and is driven by a sprocket chain direct from tne spindle. Through the levers shown on the gear box 16 changes of feed are available in geomet- rical progression, the range being selected for greatest screw permits the table to travel to its lowest point with- out requiring a hole in the floor or foundation. ———_ +e Wood’s Hydraulic Machinery.—During the past year Wm. H. Wood, engineer and builder of special machinery, Media, Pa., has erected a number of noteworthy machines, among which are the following: A 550-ton flanging press 12 feet between columns and 9 feet broad, fitted with a 160-ton cylinder in the head of the press and four 30-ton auxiliary clamping jack rams pro- jecting through the table; main ram carrying the platen has a capacity of 550 tons, and is fitted with an internal ram for clamping of 110 tons capacity; total weight about 230,000 pounds. A hy- draulic riveting machine with an 18%4-foot gap in the throat, with multiple cylinders for putting a variable pressure on the rivet up to 150 tons; when required it is 4 aa y 158 THE IRON AGE arranged with a plate closer for the heaviest work ; built entirely of steel and weighs about 90,000 pounds. Both of these machines were built for the Canadian General Electric Company, Limited, Toronto. A special stand- ard hydraulic riveting machine with a 9-foot gap, of extra heavy design, capable of putting a pressure of 100 tons on the rivet, for such special work as the rivet- ing of steel castings to oil tanks with 14-inch rivets. An 8-ton hydraulic overhead crane for handling the work over a riveter. These tools were an addition to the hydraulic riveting plant previously put in by Mr. Wood at the Standard Oil Company’s Works at Buffalo, N. Y. A Wood patent circular flanging machine for bending ogees on shells and also for flanging fire boxes and water bottoms for portable boilers. These were additions to the hydraulic riveting plant previously installed for Orr & Sembower, Incorporated, Reading, Pa. A hydraulic accumulator 8 inches in diameter by 10-foot stroke. A hydraulic duplex 16 x 2% x 12 inch pump. A 10-ton hy- draulic crane for handling work over a riveter. Installed at the Adam Loos Boiler Works, Toledo, Ohio. <A _ hy- draulic riveting machine with 9-foot gap, for variable pressure up to 75 tons. A 10-ton hydraulic overhead January 12, 1905 positive feeders. Only 10 out of 50 cities reported trouble from electrolysis. 2 e—___<_ The Bertsch Motor Driven Gate Shear. A shear designed especially for rolling mills, where such tools are usually operated continuously to their full capacity, is shown in the accompanying illustration, be- ing a recent product of Bertsch & Co., Cambridge City, Ind. It is imperative that a tool for this class of work be reliable and quick acting in shearing 44-inch and light- er sheets and packs 10 feet long. A shear to meet these requirements is necessarily suitable also for general shearing in sheet iron shops. . The illustration shows the shear equipped with a patent hold down, actuated by cams on the main driving shaft, so designed that it is self adjusting for all thick- nesses of metal. It should be noticed that the pressure legs or gags, and not the solid portion of the hold down, clamp the sheet, therefore the shearing line can be seen at any point at all times, and narrow strips can be sheared conveniently without danger to the operator. These legs or gags can be turned up and caught with hooks to hold them out of action, as two of them are shown, thus con- Motor Driven No. 8 Gate Shear, Built crane. An 8-inch x 10-foot hydraulic accumulator. A hydraulic duplex pump and _ other fittings. These form a ‘complete hydraulic riveting plant for the Kelly-Springfield Road Roller Company, Springfield, Ohio. A hydraulic riveter with a 12- foot 4-inch gap, for variable pressure up to 100 tons. A hydraulic overhead 15-ton crane. A hydraulic riveter with 6-foot 3-inch gap for pressure up to 42 tons. A 3- ton overhead crane and 3%-ton hydraulic jib crane. A 12-inch by 14-foot accumulator. An 18 x 3% x 18 inch pump. Additions to the hydraulic riveting plant pre- viously installed for the Frost Mfg. Company, Gales- burg, Ill. Mr. Wood has also received a large number of orders during the past year for his patent automatic safety valves, for accumulators and cranes, and for his patent pressure reducing valves for attachment to hy- draulic riveters. —<—-e___ In a paper on “ The Electrolysis of Underground Con- ductors,” presented by Prof. Geo. F. Seaver, at the re- cent International Electric Congress, the leakage current allowed in various places was reported to vary from zero to 1 ampere per pipe. A drop of 8.8 volts per mile of re- turn circuit was allowed in Chicago and 3.3 to 6.6 in other cities. Most of the cities reported upon require a return circuit with the current capacity not less than the by Bertsch & Co., Cambridge City, Ind. verting it into a plain shear without a hold down, which permits the top blade to be removed and replaced with- out taking off the hold down casting. The shear is also provided with a patent center bear- ing, which consists of an adjustable wedge fitted between a bearing on the rear of the cross head and another bear- ing on the heavy cross tie casting bolted to the two hous- ings, thus increasing the rigidity of the machine and making it impossible for the main cross head to spring. This shear is heavy and properly proportioned throughout, having a heavy frame, strong gears, wide bearings, hardened steel pins and a forged steel crank shaft. It is triple geared, with the gears rigidly sup- ported and self contained. It has a four-jaw clutch with steel faced jaws, and a cast steel switch ring acting against a steel plunger with a hardened steel roller that is easily but accurately and positively controlled. The cross head bearings are provided with brass gibs for taking up wear. The crank shaft bearings are made of bronze set in split boxes that are easily adjustable or removable. Particular care has been taken in providing for the removal of either the crank shaft or main cross head with the least possible trouble. When ordered for general shearing the machine is supplied with all necessary brackets and gauges. It is furnished with motor, engine or belt drive, and, when desired, with a sub-base plate. January 12, 1905 The Stetter Automatic Bolt Trimmer. A machine designed to automatically trim the heads of bolts up to 1 inch in diameter of shank has recently been brought out by the Waterbury Farrel Foundry & Machine Company, Waterbury, Conn., and is shown in the accompanying Fig. 1. An interesting and important feature is the new opening die, the parts of which sepa- rate to allow the bolt to be carried between them and close again before the trimming process begins. It will be noticed from Fig. 2 that the dies are reversible, the lower edge doing the cutting. ‘Thus they may be reversed by turning the dies upside down or by turning the parts end for end. In another form the die parts are square, each edge being a working edge; hence there are four combinations, and with the reversing of each, eight changes of cutting edges available with one pair of dies. Since the bolts are trimmed with the shank down, as shown in Fig. 2, the flash or fin under the head is trimmed against the side of the die, which avoids a burr underneath the head and does away with the necessity of tumbling after trimming. If the dies are nicely ad- justed the head can be shaved the entire length of its side, not to trim the entire side of the head, but merely Twe + Fig. 1.—The Stetter Automatic Bolt Trimmer, Built by the Waterbury Farrel Foundry & Machine Company. to shave it so as to leave the four sides square and paral- lel and of a smooth surface. The machine is designed to finish bolts which have been made in a one-blow header—i. e., a machine which cuts off a blank from a continuous rod and forms the head with one blow. This leaves the bolt in the form shown at the left in Fig. 3, with what is known as a flash under the head, but it produces a stronger bolt, so it is claimed, than if the bolt were made in a header with several blows to leave the head square so that it requires no trimming. Fig. 3 also shows the bolt after being trimmed. An advantage of handling the bolt with the shank down is that any length of bolt may be trimmed, the only limit being the space between the dies and the floor, and if a greater length must be handled, a hole may be made under the machine in the floor and almost any length of bolt admitted. In the larger presses the bolts are de- livered to the machine by gravity from a conductor, into which the bolts are fed by hand. This arrangement is THE IRON AGE 159 shown in the machine illustrated in Fig. 1. In the ma- chine for trimming smaller sizes the bolts are fed auto- matically from a hopper. The automatic movements of the press are similar to those of other presses of this company’s make and are obtained from cams on the upper shaft, which may be seen in Fig. 1. The work is fed to the dies and removed by slides, one of which carries a wire for cleaning away the scrap. Sliding movements also open and close the dies. The capacity of the trimmer for 1-inch bolts is 40 a Fig. 2.—The Dies with Part Broken Away to Show the Position Taken by the Bolt. minute or 22,000 in a 10-hour working day. The ma- chine runs at 40 strokes per minute when the fly wheel runs at 135 revolutions per minute. An idea of the size of the machine may be had from the fly wheel, which is 42 inches in diameter and weighs 600 pounds. The weight of the entire machine is 8700 pounds. doe —---- The Philadelphia Foundrymen’s Association. The regular one hundred and forty-third meeting of the Philadelphia Foundrymen’s Association was held at the Manufacturers’ Club in that city Wednesday evening, January 4. The president, Thomas Devlin, called the meeting to order at the usual hour. The treasurer re- ported a balance of $1627.37, with all indebtedness paid. An invitation was read from the New England Foundrymen’s Association to join it, together with the Pittsburgh Foundrymen’s Association, on the occasion of its next annual meeting, January 11, at the Exchange Fig. 3.—A Bolt Before and After Being Trimmed. Club, Boston, Mass. The invitation was accepted, and efforts will be made to get out a large delegation. The paper for the evening was on the subject “ Oil