The Iron Age 1904-12-01: Vol 74 Iss 22

yAGE al Trades. Published every Thursday Morning by David Williams Co., 232-238 William St. New York, Vol. 74: No. 22. New York, Thursday, December 1,.1904 $5 00 a Year, including Postage. Reading Matter Contents....... page 64 Alphabetical Index to Advertisers ‘‘ 229 Classified List of Advertisers.... ‘‘ 221] Advertising and Subscription Rates ‘‘ 228 “FORSTER” Wood Split Puttey Perfect Balance, Light and Strong. Forster ro Works, CUBA, ¥ Bristol’s Patent Steei Belt Lacing, SAVES Time, Beits, soa Grea trength oe FINISHED JOUNT ith Least Metal fer Circulars Free Samples. THE BI BRISTOL CO., Waterbury, Conn. Soe SPOT CORD Also Linen and Italian Hemp Sash Cord. SAMSON CORDAGE WORKS, Boston, Mass. TURNBUOKLES. 2 @ § =f 5° Sug => a g“2~ FounpRry IRON. PILLING & CRANE, esrsirete. sare fok A Good Terne See AMERICAN SHEET & TIN. PLATE COMPANY’S Ad. on page 27 Single Copies, 15 Ce SHORT RANGE SHOT SHELLS are carried in stock by all wide-awake dealers. An entirely new invention producing practically the same velocity and pattern at 25 yards as the regular load at 40 yards. These shells often prevent a choke bored gun from missing or mutilating game at close range. All sportsmen wish to try them. Supplied in Arrow and Nitro Club brands only—same price as regular loads. The Union Metallic Cartridge Co., Agency, 313 Broadway, N. Y., New York. BRIDGEPORT, CONN. CAHALL GAHALL BOILERS » su Paps 8 | ES PLAIN PATTERN ——_—— HEAD. THE CAPEWELL HORSE NAIL GOs., fiartiord, Conn. o 0 z 2 : Gapewell Horse Nails : F > <q NEW YORK, Branches: PORTLAND, ORE., 2 2 PHILADELPHIA, BUFFALO, S y CHICAGO, - DETROIT, BALTIMORE, , 8ST. LOUIS, CINCINNATI, NEW ORLEANS, : ¢. source, SAN FRANCISCO, DENVER. 3 a m 2 JENKINS ’96 PACKING is good for all conditions of service with steam, oils, acids, ammonia and the like. It will make tight joint instantly, and will not blow out. Its durability has been proved by years of constant use in thousands of plants. Write for Booklet, “Points on Packing.” JENKINS BROS., New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago, London. “Simeon” Gold Rolled Steel dar, Drawing = Stamp nping THE AMERICAN TUBE & STAMPING COMPANY (Water and Rail Delivery) BRIDGEPORT, CONN. MAGNOLIA METAL. Best Anti-Friction Metal for all Machinery Bearings. Owners and Sole Manufacturers, 13-1165 Bank Street, Sen Francisco, Montreal, Boston and Fistmurg. Chicago, Fisher Bidg. NEW YORK. competitive prices. _ - 2 THE IRON AGE. ASLAM WIRE a ce sueer | oub6t and Roll Brass COPPER; ™,,., wirz WIRE PRINTERS’ BRASS, JEWELERS’ METAL, GERMAN GERM AN SHEET port a GILDING METAL, COPPER RIVETS S LV F R ROD Pins, Brass Butt Hinges, Jack Chain, Kero- | E sene Burners, Lamps, Lamp ett a ay aie 5 WIR Capea, &c. WM LANMA VAQ0A | |LOW BRASS. SHEET BRONZE.| 9 MURRAY sT., NEW YORK. |, West BRANCH” | JHA DES 144 HIGH ST., BOSTON. “petal SEAMLESS BRASS AND COPPER ete te geo ele See Neal) TUBING. BRAZED BRASS AND! ,...... .... ' BRONZE TUBING. +: : +: + x|_™aMaston, com. | warERBUny, comm, Randolph-Clowes &. SCOVILL MFG. CO., ‘BRASS, MANUFACTURERS OF Sheets, Rolls, Wire Rods, ad Tu SHEET BRASS & COPPER. one ‘Suenee —, wae, ' BRAZED BRASS & COPPER Buttons, Lamp Goods. TUBES. Special Brass Goods to Order. SEAMLESS BRASS Fa ES: & COPPER TUBES WATERBURY, CONN. TO 36 IN. DIAM. NEW YORK, MANUFACTURERS OF SHEET —_ | THE PLUME & ATwooo M6, Co., BRASS; WATERBURY BRASS C0., WATERBURY, CONN. 99 John St., New York. Providence, R. I. Bridgeport ry Bronze & °9 BRIDGEPORT, GONN. Automobile Castings a Specialty. Deport CHICAGO, New York Office, 28 Broadway, Postal High Tensile Strength. er auntiawmate. Bronze and Aluminum Alloys. JOHN DAVOL & SONS, Write Us. DEALERS IN COPPER, TIN, SPELTER, “ LEAD, ANTIMONY. Matthiessen & Hegeler Zinc Co., Bi) roo jonn street, New York. LA SALLE, ILLINOIS. SMELTERS OF SPELTER Artur T. Rutter & Go SHEET ZINC AND SULPHURIC ACID. Special Sizes of Zinc cut to order. Rolled Battery Plates. 2 5 6 Broadway, Selected Plates for Etchers’ and Lithographers’ use. Selected Sheets for Paper and Card Makers’ use. NEW YORK. Stove and Washboard Blanks. Small tubing in Brass, Copper, ZINCS FOR LECLANCHE BATTERY. Steel, Aluminum, German Silver, &c. Sheet Brass, Copper and Ger- man Silver. Copper, Brass and = eer u if i) & C0, German Silver Wire. Brazed and Seamless Brass and Copper Tube. eat Copper and Brass Rod. 6 eB : 99 est Bronze Bab ie “Met als pe Syl! mre Leet “Seareh-Light aes CAS T I N G S OIL and GAS “= Srenpeioks_eaorwens” DOJO LANG PROPRIETURS OF THE Belleville Copper Rolling Mills, {re srwaeporr Brass co. Send ter Circulars and Electrotypes. MANUFACTURERS OF Bridgepert, Cenn. Brasmicrs’ Bolt and Sheathing 19 Murray st. X. pile, 7th 8t., Philadelphia. COPPER WIRED AND RIVETS. |™s. "ct inthe "Textile industry. Ithporters and Dealers in With tables, uo. Spence amevings. By Ingot Copper, Block Tin, Spelter, Lead, Antimony, ete. jae S "pale, ‘Gisth: Hlustaced, 49 CLIFF ST., NEW YORK. For sale by David Williams Co. sn Williaa 60.8. r ere ew F elite cee To i ence ‘THE IRON AGE TuurspAy, DECEMBER I, 1904. The Shaw Electric Crane at the World’s Fair. The crane which was installed in Machinery Hall at the World’s Fair in St. Louis by the Shaw Electric Crane Company, Muskegon, Mich., has a number of special features which make it interesting, particularly as it has lately been awarded the grand prize in Group 64. The ca- pacity of the main hoists of the crane is 120,000 pounds, and the auxiliary hoist attached to one of the main hoists has a capacity of 10,000 pounds. A general view of the crane as it appears in service is shown in Fig. 2. For the purpose of illustrating the special features alluded to, a number of detailed views are given in the succeeding figures. Fig. 1 shows an end ; Fig. 1. view of the bridge with trolley in place on the bridge. This indicates the manner of constructing bridges of cranes which require four wheels at each end, as was the case with the crane at the Louisiana Purchase Exposi- tion. The five motors of this crane are controlled by as many controllers, these being mounted in the operator’s cage. Fig. 3 is a front view of the main hoist trolley which carries the 5-ton auxiliary hoist. The othef trolley is in all respects similar to this one with the exception noted before, that it has no auxiliary hoist. This engraving ilustrates admirably the compact arrangement of the parts, the extremely small amount of head room required and the well protected location of all parts in any way liable to injury. It is also of interest in showing the admirable disposition of the wiring. Fig. 4 is a rear view of the same trolley and with Fig. 3 brings out =e)" atarans en ii nN forcibly the maker’s claim of ready accessibility of all operating parts. Fig. 5 shows a spring chock, or buffer, which is put on each end of the bridge for stopping the trolleys, and on the runways for stopping the crane. Its purpose is to arrest the momentum of the moving masses without the severe shock which would occur with a rigid buffer. Fig. 6 is a detail of a motor brake and its operating solenoid, which retards the drift of each motor and brings it to rest immediately upon the cutting off of current from the motor. Two of these band brakes may be seen in Figs. 3 and 4 in their connection to the main and auxiliary hoist motors. The load brake with the pawl operating strap is shown in Fig. 7, which also shows the drum of the motor brake with the band removed. A detailed description of the operation of the brakes RH. wad | THe IRON AGE | End View of the Bridge and One of the Trolleys is of interest. The motor brake is applied by the weight of the solenoids acting through levers. When the cur- rent is cut off the solenoids drop and apply the brake. The upper yoke of the solenoids carries a cylinder which works upon a piston having a small hole through it. This retards the falling of the solenoids upon cessation of current through the coils, to prevent a too sudden application of the brake, which would result in a shock to the machinery, and is a feature peculiar to the Shaw cranes. The brake has a flexible strap lined with wood blocks, and is arranged so as to operate in either direc- tion. In high speed cranes, the motor, running in the hoisting direction, will raise the empty block or a light load quite a distance after the current is shut off, unless the motor brake is applied; and the ordinary strap brake, having only one end fast and the other attached to a lever, will stop the revolution of the brake wheel only " i t ’ j 4 : > % ae ee nae wane THE IRON AGF December I, 1904 ee a tere. ; Fg : | « i de TWE IROW AGE. a — = : = 7 ae = — ge ee Fig. 2 General View of the Crane in Machinery Hall ’ Tre IRon AGE 3 Front View of the Main Hoist Trolley Carrying the Auxiliary Hoist e | aa. a BS : . 71?) ote eek: L re ene gee “S: RASC ies lig. 4 Rear View of the Main Hoist Trolley Shown in Fig. 3. So, Ee eI i - iat 2 eat al NOES AS TER 2 tr MIN a. a 9 1 aE ieebees os emer era kes oe are oe Se be ey ~ Py : December 1, 1904 THE in the direction in which it runs when the load is de- scending. This brake is designed so that either end may become the fast end and the other end the weighted end automatically, depending upon the direction in which the shaft is revolving. The load brake is of the usual coil type. The driving Twe [ROW AGE Vig. 5.—One of the Spring Chocks, or Buffers, at the End of the Bridge. pinion is keyed to a sleeve which carries a flange, and to this flange is fastened one end of a bronze coil. The other end of the coil is fastened to an elongated flange, or drum, which, in turn, is keyed to the brake shaft proper, which is the driving element. The weight of the load and the torque of the motor when exerted in the hoisting direction expand the coil inside the casing. The casing is held from turning in the lowering direction by the pawls, which are operated noiselessly by the friction straps. In hoisting, the entire brake forms a friction coupling, which is a common feature of practically all load brakes. In lowering, the motor removes the coil IRON AGE. 3 erate unless the speed of the motor is allowed to accelerate. iiiaiiacceiliedle = In an address on “ Electricity from Water Power,’’ before the British Association for the Advancement of Science, figures were given for the installation in the Tue IRON AGE Fig. 6.—One ef the Mutor Brakes and Its Operating Solenoid. various countries. The United States heads the list, witb 927,00 horse-power. Canada, 228,000; Italy, 210,000 ; France, 161,000, and Switzerland, 133,000, follow in the order named. No other country reaches 75,000, and Great Britain has only 12.000. The grand total given is 1,483,- rig. 7.—-One of the Load Brakes and Its Paw! Operating Strap turn by turn from its contact with the casing until the friction surface has been sutliciently reduced to allow the load to slip the remaining portion. The descenc of the load tends to expand more of the coil into the casing: but the continued revolution of the motor in the lowering direction holds the amount of coil in contact with the casing constant, and the load, therefore, descends only as fast as the motor is run in the lowering direction. It is iupossible for the load to drive the motor or to accel- 300 horse-power. It is estimated that if these plants are eperated 12 hours per day the coal saved amounts to 11.720.000 tens annually, at a value of $30,000,000. Scottdale Works No. 2 of the American Sheet & Tin Plate Company at Scottdale, Pa., which has been idle since last May. was started up last week. - The plant contains eight hot sheet mills and three cold mills, and has an annual capacity of 27.500 tons of sheets. THE The Granby Copper Mine. BY DWIGHT E. WOODBRIDGE, Location and Special Features. “ Mining copper ore with a steam shovel ” has a rather revolutionary sound, but it is one of the processes at pres- ent employed in the mines of the Granby Consolidated Mining, Smelting & Power Company, and is a system that might be used at other points, if considered advisable. What is known as the Boundary district of British Columbia is pre-eminently one of large tonnage of low grade ores; as such it is of high importance to the world at large, both as a mining region of probable permanence and as a producer of immense tonnage for the railroads that have courageously. penetrated its vast mountain walls of rock and crossed its deep and forbidding cafions. Indeed, it is largely to the railroads that the district owes its existence as an important camp, for without favorable rates on ore out and fuel in there is scarcely a mine within its limits that could operate. The best developed mine in the district—in fact, the only large property—is the Granby, and it may serve as typical of the rest. This mine is an immense deposit of altered limestone between diorite walls, in a dis- trict of great disturbance, where in very small areas there are to be found almost all the earlier and later igneous rocks, with the crushing and folding due to their presence. Granby is on the south side of a deep gulch, facing north, and across the draw the limestone cap is in place, unaltered and massive, and with the out- crops of ore at contacts between intrusive eruptives and the mass of lime. Ores in the Granby lie in a great lens, perhaps 200 feet wide on the surface, with a strike nearly north and south, running over the top of the hill rising out of the gulch, and extending for about 5000 feet to the south. Its dip is to the east, and as depth is attained the foot wall pitches more steeply than the hanging, so that at about 400 feet down there is a hori- zontal width of nearly 400 feet. Diamond drill borings have shown the ore to extend to a considerably greater depth, but no mining has been done below 400 feet. This is an enormous mass of ore, and no estimates that I have seen do justice to the tonnage actually in sight by openings and explorations. It is certainly sufficient to provide 4000 to 5000 tons daily, which is soon to be the output, for many years. This is so apparent that the Great Northern Railway Company has recently let con- tracts for building a line from smelter to mine, a dis- tance of 17 miles of the worst country through which a railroad can pass. This line is under construction. At the time of my visit to the Granby the Canadian Pacific was the sole outlet. It has been reported that Mr. Hill of the Great Northern has bought control of the mine, but this is explicitly denied. Through the International Coal & Coke Company the Granby controls large coal fields in the Crow’s Nest Pass region. It is able also to utilize some outside auriferous ores for a proper metallurgical mixture, all of which add mate- rially to the tonnage controlled by it. Fortunately for some competitive mines, ores of the Boundary region are low grade. At Granby they aver- age probably a trifle under 1.7 per cent., or:30 to 34 pounds copper, and about $1.60 gold and 33 cents silver to the ton. This would give a gross value of nearly $6, and a $6 ore at Granby is considered high grade. For the entire district the average is 25 to 35 pounds copper, 25 to 40 cents silver, and $1.50 to $2.50 gold per ton. In the Greenwood portion of the district the copper runs 22 to 32 pounds, gold $2 and silver 22 cents: on the north side of Phenix Gulch, across the ravine from Granby, $1.80 copper, $2.40 gold and 25 cents silver. Fortunately for Granby, its copper is exceptionally pure, carrying very little of any deleterious elements. Happily, also, it can get a metallurgical mixture by which every ton of material entering the furnace, except coke, contributes its share to product. Ores mined in the main part of Granby contain from 35 to 45 per cent. silica, 15 to 20 per cent. iron, about 16 per cent lime and 3.5 to 4 per cent. sulphur. In addition to this some ores are IRON AGE. December I, 1904 brought in from other parts of the district. The ore is of a magnetitic type, in which chalcopyrite, magnetite and some pyrite are chief minerals. Oxidation has not been deep, at least is not so now, after tremendous glacia- tion and erosion, but where it ceases the ores change slightly, the iron being largely combined, and a proper mixture of these upper and lower ores produces an ideal charge, enabling the furnaces to produce a 45 per cent. matte, carrying practically all the precious metals the ore contains. Method of Mining. The mine is worked by a combination of underground and open pits and by shafts and adits to an extreme depth of 400 feet, at which point there is no important change in the character of the ores. It is stated that drill borings lower down have shown a slightly better mineralization for a distance, possibly sufficient to counterbalance the added costs of deeper working. Four levels have been driven along the strike of the ore body Fig. 1—Mining Copper Ore in Open Cut by Steam Shovel. THE GRANBY MINE. about 1500 feet, and each level is connected with that above, so as to give a depth from the crest of the hill of about 725 feet to the present floor of the mine. Above and at the level of No. 1, or top, tunnel, open cut work is carried on, and there ore is broken down from the sides of the stripped area and loaded into cars by steam shovels, as shown in Fig. 1. The shovels used at the time of my visit were too light for their work, and prob- ably have been replaced with others before this. An open face of 200 feet will soon be available for breaking. Underground two main shafts are operated, the deep- est 400 feet, and from these some 1000 tons of ore are hoisted daily, the remainder of the mine’s product being from the open cut. The total daily product is in the neighborhood of 1800 tons, which, with small additions of custom ore, is the capacity of the company’s smelter. Plans have been prepared for doubling this smelter, and the mine is being prepared for an increase to corre- spond. Mining underground is by the pillar and stope system, and no word but “enormous” will properly characterize the size of the openings. They extend from level to level in vast caves, with but a trifing support in the way of timbering. The ore holds up so well that no December By 1904 danger is felt in leaving these openings large, and an occasional pillar is all that is needed. The company’s Knob Hill, Old Ironsides and Victoria mines are all ex- tensively and have an up-to-date working plant. Conditions are most favorable and mining costs are very low. Underground they make raises about 25 to 30 feet apart in the levels, which are run on an aver- age about 12 feet above the roof, or to a hight of some 25 feet from the floors. After these raises are made they are connected at the top by a subdrift made at right angles and connecting all—that is, another level is opened with 12 feet of floor. This avoids much timber- ing. Chutes are put in at the mouths of the raises with slopes of 35 per cent. and an opening 36 inches square. They are fitted with cycloidal gates. After these upper drifts are connected miners go up at an angle of 45 per cent., with a regular stope for 25 to 30 feet, and cut across again in the same manner as below, leaving pillars between the stopes some 25 feet or less in diameter. developed THE IRON AGE. 5 each, in two of its tunnels, in place of other methods of tramming. It is the to drive’a tunnel from Boundary Creek, four miles away, for a double track rail- road, to tap the ore body at a depth of about 4000 feet. If ore is found at this depth—and it can hardly be expected that the management would undertake this work with- out knowing where the ore is—the reserves of this mine will far exceed in magnitude those of any copper property in the world. intention The Smelter. The Granby smelter is one of the three or four largest on the continent in the amount of ore it actually puts through furnaces daily, though, of course, its daily ton- nage is far exceeded by plants having both smelters and reverbatories, as at Anaconda, or mills and smelters, as at Calumet. As intimated above, the ore is practically self fluxing, basic in character, and being low in sul- phur requires no roasting. It carries no arsenic, bis- muth, antimony or other injurious elements. The per- Pt eo mel a Fig. 2.—Stripping the Open Cut Above the Underground Workings THE GRANBY MINE. They then run back in the opposide direction above the flow of the other stope, and cut under the bottom, leaving a ridge in the stopes so that what ore will not fall into one chute will go into that opposite. In the meantime they are opening above for steam shovel mining, Fig. 2, and intend to finally get the shovels down on these lower floors. An average of about 414 tons per day per man about the mine is the product, 400 men being worked for the daily output of 1800 tons. This is an excellent record. Mining costs are said to be materially under $1.50 a ton. Power for mining is derived from the company’s plant on the Kettle River and from the works of the Cas- cade Power Company, 28 miles away. About 1500 horse- power is used at the mine, a fourth of what the Cas- cade fall is capable of. A fine overhead line conveys power from Cascade to mine and works at qa voltage of 20,000, and that is stepped down at the mine to 2000. Two 700 horse-power Westinghouse induction motors drive a pair of 30-drill Canadian Rand compressors. About 40 per cent. of all the ore mined passes through a jaw crusher, that takes chunks of 30-inch cube and reduces them to 7 and 8 inch cube. The company has installed steam locomotives, hauling five to eight cars centage of coke used is from 11 to 13. The works make a matte varying from 45 to 50 per cent and put this direct into Bessemer converters, blowing the product up to blister copper 99 per cent fine, and carrying practically all gold and silver contained in the original ores. This is increased by the converter lining, which is composed of clay and auriferous silicates from the Republic dis- trict. There are six rectangular water jacketed fur- naces 42 x 160 inches, and these have been averaging 300 tons of ore each per 24 hours. Their biggest run has been 2300 tons of ore and their daily product is aver- aging 25 tons of copper. One furnace has taken up to 391 tons of ore in 24 hours. These furnaces are set with their widest diameter at right angles to their line and are fed mechanically. To each two furnaces there is a charging car arranged similar to those in common use in lead furnaces, carrying 2 tons of charge, with coke. These cars run into a depressed chamber, where they are filled and are handled by individual cables at- tached to drums operated electrically. The slag carries 46 per cent. SiO,, 17 per cent. Fe, and 21 per cent. CaO, and from 0.3 to 0.35 per cent Cu. Smelting costs are probably $2 a ton. Blectric power for the smelter is de- rived from the same works as for the mine. Ss Shore There are two converter stands of the horizontal bar- rel type, 72 x 100 inches in size. The converters are tamped by hand. The smelting and converting plants are to be enlarged to a capacity of about 4000 tons a day, and work on this improvement will probably begin this year. These plants are located at the Grand Forks of the Kettle River, where there are ample room and power, and the location is one of great natural beauty and attractiveness. It is connected with the outside world by the Columbia & Western Railroad, belonging to the Canadian Pacific, and by the Spokane Falls & Northern, a part of the Great Northern system, and is in the heart of the Cascade Mountains. The smelter is in a valley where in early May prune trees were in blossom and farmers were digging the potatoes they had left undug in the ground all winter, while at the mine, 15 miles away, there was still 8 feet of snow. The mine is at an elevation of 4650 feet and the smelter of 1710 feet. The Granby is capitalized for $15,000,000, of which all but $1,650,000 has been issued. A year ago it began the payment of 1 per cent. quarterly dividends. Almost from the beginning mining has been under the charge of W. Yolen Williams, and the smelter was built and has been operated by A. B. W. Hodges. Last year several Eastern copper men, including John Stanton, W. H. Nichols and Jacob Langeloth of New York and W. A. Paine of Boston, became heavily interested in the mine. Jacob Langeloth has been elected president of the com- pany. Jay P. Graves of Spokane, who was among the original owners, is general manager, and Northrup Fowler is secretary of the company. Other Boundary District Mines. Aside from Granby, several more or less important mines are operated in the Boundary district. Of these only the British Columbia Mother Lode and the Snow- shoe are of much present importance. The British Columbia Copper Company, owning the Mother Lode, has a two-furnace smelter at Greenwood. This was for- merly an A. P. Heinze flotation. Mother Lode ore is quar- ried in an open cut and dropped down mills to pockets above a tunnel, a very cheap method of mining and quite similar to the milling system of the Mesaba iron ore range. The British Columbia Chartered Company’s mine carries double the copper tenor of most mines of the dis- trict, but is a smaller lode. The Boundary Falls smelter of the Montreal & Boston Company also consists of two furnaces and is chiefly a custom plant. These are the only smelters and the larger mines of the region. The Hall Mining & Smelting Company, with a small furnace plant at Nelson, B. C., operates the Emma mine in the Boundary district as a great open cut. The company pro- duces a lead-copper matte carrying gold and silver, and the Emma ore is very desirable for a smelting mix, assist- ing materially in rapidity of reduction. A few miles east of Boundary are the Rossland mines, of which Le Roi is easily first. One might almost paraphrase a famous remark and say there is no second. Le Roi ores have been decreasing in value and increasing in tonnage with depth, and now average about $10.40 in copper, gold and silver per ton. The mine is 1350 feet deep and shows reserves valued at about $6,500,000 gross. Its production is about 150,000 tons a year through a smelting plant consisting of three calcining and six 250-ton water jacket furnaces. Recent Boston publications have stated that the Gran- by, “ with economical and scientific management, might become a large and successful property.” This is merely the slur of ignorance, and is unjust and anmerited. These low grade mines, in a far off and inaccessible region, where 25 to 30 per cent of the cost of everything is the freight that must be paid for bring- ing it in, are able to smelt at from $1.35 to $1.50, as the provincial geologist states that they do. This, is am- ple justification of the men who are in charge, and shows that all the high grade metallurgists are not elsewhere. The same is true of the mining men, whose methods are decidedly up to date and perfectly adapted to their situa- tion. THE IRON AGE. December I, 1904 Steel Hardening Metals. Report of the United States Geological Survey Upon Production in 1903. WasHINeTon, D. C., November 26, 1904.—An elaborate report on the production and utilization of steel harden- ing metals, embracing the statistics for the year 1903, has been prepared for the United States Geological Survey by J. H. Pratt, and through the courtesy of the Director of the Survey the correspondent of The Iron Age is enabled to present the following abstract: There are included under the head of steel hardening metals nickel and cobalt, chromium, tungsten, molyb- denum, vanadium, titanium and uranium, which are named in the order of the importance of their production for use for steel hardening purposes. In this list man- ganese would naturally be included, but on account of its very extensive production and very large use in the purification of steel it is treated separately. It was only about 20 years ago that the first of these metals, nickel, began to be used to any extent for the purpose of hardening steel, but since their introduction their use for this purpose has continued to increase steadily. Experiments are still being carried on with some of them to determine their actual commercial value with regard to the qualities that they impart to steel. The prices of the various ferro alloys vary consider- ably. Ferrochrome in December, 1903, was quoted at $120 to $225 per long ton of 2240 pounds, cost, insur- ance and freight, New York, on the basis of 60 per cent., with variations up and down at. $1.75 per unit. Ferro- tungsten was quoted at 40 cents per pound, or $896 per ton, on 100 per cent., cost, insurance and freight, New York. Ferromolybdenum was quoted from $1.50 to $2.50 per pound, or $3360 to $5600 per ton, on 100 per cent., cost, insurance and freight, New York; in May, 1904, this had dropped to $1.25 per pound on 100 per cent., cost, insurance and freight, New York. Ferrovanadium was quoted at $7.50 per pound, or $16,800 per ton, on 100 per cent. in the English market, and $6.40 per pound in the French market; for ton lots the price has been quoted as low as $4.50 per pound. Ferromanganese has, during the last two or three years, been very steady, and on contract 100-ton lots and over was quoted at $50 per ton, duty paid, with freight paid east of the Mississippi River. In May, 1904, this price had dropped to $44 per ton. Ferronickel alloy and metallic nickel vary from 50 to 56 cents per pound for the nickel content. Nickel and Cobalt.—These two metals are treated to- gether for the reason that nearly all of the ores that contain one of them contain also a small percentage of the other, and in the reduction of the ores both nickel and cobalt go into the matte which is afterward refined. The main supply produced in the United States is from Mine La Motte, Missouri, where it is obtained as a by- product in lead smelting by the Mine La Motte Lead & Smelting Company. The production amounted in 1903 to 661 tons of matte. The nickel content of this matte was 114,200 pounds, valued at $45,900, and the cobalt oxide content was 120,000 pounds, valued at $228,000. This is an increase in production of 108,452 pounds of nickel and 116,270 pounds of cobalt oxide, as compared with 5748 pounds of nickel and 3730 pounds of cobalt oxide produced in 1902. Chromium.—The only mineral that is being mined as an ore of chromium is chromite. The only State in the United States that is now producing any chromite is California. The North Carolina deposits, located near Burnsville, Yancey County, have recently been sold and are now being developed. Ferrochromium is made in an electric furnace and is produced directly from the ore. In the United States the company produc- ing the largest quantity of ferrochromium is the Wilson Aluminum Company, whose electric furnaces are located at Kanawha Falls, W. Va. Besides the manufacture of ferrochromium this company also makes ferrotungsten, ferromolybdenum, ferrosilicon, ferrovanadium and ferro- titanium. The company obtains its chief supply of chrome December 1, 1904 THE ores from the Daghardi mines, in Asia Minor, and the ‘Thiebargi mines, in New Caledonia. There is only one State—California—that produced any chromite during 1903, the quantity being 150 long tons, valued at $2250, as against the production of 315 long tons, valued at $4567, in 1902. This is a decrease of 165 tons in quantity and of $2317 in value. Tungsten.—Many localities have been discovered where these ores are found in greater or less quantity. Thus, far, however, none of the new deposits has been de- veloped sufficiently to determine the actual amount of ore that they contain. It was found impossible during the latter part of 1903 to fill orders for 100 tons per month of tungsten ores, and none of the producers of these ores was willing to contract to furnish this quantity at the prices quoted of $180 to $200 per ton for a 60 to 65 per cent ore. The principal mining for tungsten ores dur- ing 1903 was in Colorado and in the vicinity of Dragoon, Ariz. These latter deposits have been developed quite extensively by the Primos Chemical Company. The pro- duction of crude tungsten ores in the United States dur- ing 1903 was 2451 short tons. Most of this ore was con- centrated, and there were sold 292 short tons of con- centrates, valued at $43,639, which is approximately $149 per ton. The prices varied from $110 to $250 per ton, according to the percentage of tungstic acid, This production was obtained from Colorado. Arizona and Connecticut, given in the order of the importance of their output. Molybdenum.—The use of molybdenum steel contin- ues to increase, and hence there is a growing demand for the ores of this metal. Ferromolybdenum is produced, like ferrotungsten, by reducing it from the ore in an electric furnace. There are now two molybdenum-nickel alloys being produced, one of which contains 75 per cent. molyb- denum and 25 per cent. nickel, and the other 50 per cent. molybdenum and 50 per cent nickel. Besides these con- stitutents the alloy contains from 2 to 2.5 per cent. iron 1 to 1.5 per cent. carbon and 0.25 to 0.50 per cent. silicon. The year 1908 saw a great deal of prospecting for these ores, With the result that a number of new localities were discovered that give promise of developing into large deposits. Wulfenite was discovered on the property of the Troy-Manhattan Copper Company, at Troy, Ariz., and after the deposit was opened and developed the com- pany erected a 40-ton concentrating mill and is now pre- paring the concentrates for market. The deposit of molybdenum at Cooper, Me., has been developed very ex- tensively by the American Molybdenum Company, and during the last year the company has erected a cleaning and concentrating plant for treating this ore. The pro- duction during 1908 amounted to about 6200 tons of crude ore, very little of which was treated and most of which is still lying on the dumps. Most of the wulfenite ore that was mined was concentrated, and these concen- trates, together with the concentrates of the molybdenite, amounted to about 795 short tons, valued at $60,865. There is still wide variation reported in the prices of molybdenite ore, which range from $100 to $3000 per ton. It is more than probable that the actual value of molybdenum concentrates at New York will be in the neighborhood of $200 per ton. Uranium and Vanadium.—On account of the ex- tremely high price and scarcity of vanadium ores the metal has thus far been employed very little in the manu- facture of ferrovanadium for use in the production of vanadium steel. Since the discovery of the deposits of vanadium in Colorado and Utah they have been thor- oughly developed, largely through the efforts of A. B. Frenzel of Denver, Col. He now claims that a process has been perfected by which vanadium can be obtained at such prices that the ferrovanadium alloy can be manu- factured so as to enter into competition with the other ferro alloys. The main source of supply of vanadium is Montrose County, Col. During 1903 the development work done upon uranium and vanadium deposits ‘resulted in the production of 432 short tons of crude ore. Of this amount 30 tons of partially concentrated ore, valued at $5625, were sold. In 1902 the production of uranium and vanadium minerals, as reported to the Survey, IRON AGE. 7 amounted to 3810 tons, valued at $48,125. The 1903 pro- duction consists principally of the mineral carnotite, with au small amount of uranium. Titanium.—Until the development of the electric fur- nace it was practically impossible to produce either titan- ium or an alloy of iron and titanium, but since the in- troduction of this furnace ferrotitanium can be produced directly from the ores. Ferrotitanium pecially adapted to the manufacture of a iron. The titanium in the iron gives greater density to the metal, greatly increases its transverse strength and gives a harder chill or wearing quality to a wheel made from such an iron. For the manufacture of car wheels it would seem that the titanium iron would be especially seems to be es- special cast useful. A ferrotitanium has been manufactured by the Wilson Aluminum Company from a titanic iron ore from Caldwell County, N. C. w. L. ¢. ———_>- United States Steel Bonds. The second mortgage 5 per cent. bonds of the United States Steel Corporation, says the Wall Street Journal, have as security the stocks and bonds of subsidiary com- panies amounting in par value to $679,381,394. These stocks and bonds represent the corporation’s ownership of subsidiary companies out of a total outstanding of $680,281,600. They are all pledged as security first for the first mortgage bonds, $304,000,000, and next as se- curity for the $250,000,000 second 5s authorized, of which only $17,000,000 are outstanding. The various pledged to secure the first and second mortgage bonds and the total amount of each are as herewith shown : Deposited as security. $62,.995.000 3,260,900 46,.485.800 issues Stock outstanding Company. 263,000,060 . Company 52.260,900. .Federal Steel Company, preferred. ... $6,483,800. . Federal Company, common.... 10,000,000. .National Tube Company, preferred 39,997,400 10,000,000. .National Tube Company, common... . 39,936,300 40,000,000..Am. Steel & Wire Company, preferred 39,998,500 50,000,000. .Am, Steel & Wire Company, common.. 49,899,800 18.325,000..Am. Tin Plate Company, preferred 18,325,000 28 .000,000..Am. Tin Plate Company, common.... 27,.985.000 »4,500,000..Am. Sheet Steel Company, preferred. . 24,497,700 24,500,000. .Am. Sheet Steel Company, common... 24,488,800 31.873.800..Am. Bridge Company, preferred...... 31,263,900 20,950,800. .Am. Bridge Company, common. . 30,949,700 29,888,400... S. Cons. Iron Mines........--+++: 29,421,494 160,000,000. .Bonds Carnegie Company........-- .159,. 777,000 .Carnegie Steel Steel $680,281,600. WE °c aduadesiadsnet eons (niaweee $679,381,394 In addition, the corporation must also deposit the stocks it owns of the Union Steel Company, Troy Steel Products Company, Shelby Steel Tube Company, Clairton Steel Company and any other companies it may acquire. It will also from time to time mortgage to the trustee all mining rights, leases or other real estate, subject to the prior lien indenture of April, 1901. —_>--e__ The Free Entry of Machinery for Repair Work.— The Board of United States General Appraisers handed down a decision on November 26 defining the scope of the paragraph of the tariff law which permits the free entry of machinery imported into the United States in bond for repair. ‘The importer in this case was 8. S. MeCrea of Buffalo, and the facts as set forth by Judge Henderson M. Somerville, who wrote the decision, were as follows: “The testimony of the importer’s witness shows that the goods were imported for the purpose of being attached to an electrical ladle crane now being built by the Mor- gan Engineering Company, Alliance, Ohio. When the whole is completed it is to be exported to Canada. No change was to be made in the imported goods, except that they were to be attached to the crane. In our judgment such an operation does not constitute repairs. It is rather the making of a new article. The importation of these parts for the construction of the crane is only part of the process of original manufacture, and not a process of repairs. Repairing is the mending or making over of something that has been previously constructed or manu- factured.” On this state of facts Judge Somerville overrules the importer’s protest against the assessment of duty on the machinery. ib » ti Fs iv nf. | 8 THE IRON AGE. The Lodge & Shipley New Projectile Lathe. In the accompanying half-tones is shown a new lathe for turning projectiles, built by the Lodge & Shipley Machine Tool Company, Cincinnati, Ohio. The machine is driven by a 15 horse-power Ridgway motor, mounted on an extended sub-base at the head end of the lathe, a little to the rear, as shown in the illustrations. The motor has 20 speeds, ranging from 350 to 750 revolutions per minute. The controller for the motor is mounted on the rear, as may be seen in Fig. 2, and is operated from the carriage or the head stock by the vertical hand wheels December I, 1904 mediately under the apron. This provides an automatic, mechanical and full electric speed variation for varying diameters, so that the cutting speed may be continuous from 2 inches diameter up to the largest diameter of the projectile. The tool post is of steel, and the steady rest is of a special design, which may be quickly applied and removed. Another noteworthy feature is the radial at- tachment seen in Fig. 2, by which the tool carriage is moved perpendicularly to the work to give any one of several curves to the projectile nose. The chuck was made by the lathe builder and is of a massive and sub- stantial design, particularly adapting it to the work for won AGE, Fig. 1.—Front View of the Lodge & Shipley Lathe with a Projectile in Position. Fig. 2.—Rear View of the Head Stock and Carriage, Showing the Radial Turning Attachment and Drive Gearing seen in Fig. 1, which engage a splined bar connected to the controller at the head end by a chain. The back gearing in the head has a ratio of 1.62 to 1 and 2.62 to 1, and the speed ratio of the motor shaft to the live spin- dle is 7.48 to 1 and 15.1 to 1. All of the main driving gears in the head have cast iron centers and machinery steel rims of extra width. Extra heavy spindle bearings are used, the front one being 7% inches in diameter by 8% inches long, and the back one 7% inches in diameter by 55¢ inches long. The spindle is of crucible steel, 0.55 carbon, and has a 2%-inch hole through its center. At the slowest speed of the motor the lathe has a cutting speed for roughing the body of the shell of 30 feet per minute and for finishing of 60 feet per minute. As may be seen in the front view of the lathe, there is a spirally milled cylinder on the speed control shaft im- which it is intended. Another feature of interest is found in the diameter gauges, which are mounted on the nose of the tail stock. These in practice afford considerable economy in time. The lathe has a 27-inch swing and, as illustrated, a 14-foot bed, but the length of bed may be varied to suit the requirements of the customer. ——— >- oe _____ It is proposed to establish a trade school in connection with Trinity College, Hartford, Conn. At a recent meet- ing of the Hartford Board of Trade, President Luther of Trinity outlined the needs of a technical school at Hartford, and set forth plans for a trade school which would be a department of the college. The Board of Trade has indorsed President Luther’s views and ap- pointed a committee to help carry out the project. tte sian May isnt otis: SED tiene nite Be a oar yi a December I, 1904 THE The Minimum Wage Question in the British Coal Industry. GLASGOW, November 19, 1904.—A dispute in the coal in dustry of Scotland has directed attention to the serious issues before that industry in the whole United King- dom. ‘The possibilities are so large as to make the sub- ject of vital interest to America also. In both hemi- spheres the socialistic ideal of a “living wage” has in- numerable worshipers, and in both hemispheres that ideal is bound to be the cause of social strife. In this country the matter will reach a crisis in the mining in- dustry sooner than in any other, because the Miners’ Federation of Great Britain has already nailed its ban- ners to the principle of the “ minimum wage” as the cen- tral plank of its platform, and over the question of the minimum wage Scotland has just been on the verge of an industrial war. The principle is an import here from England. It was adopted by the Scotch miners when they joined their trade unions to the Miners’ Federation of Great Britain. That federation now covers all the mining districts of Great Britain with the exception of Northumberland and Durham. Yet the conditions of mining in Scotland are quite different from those in England and Wales. Scotch coal is of a poorer grade than English, and the wages of Scotch miners have always been regulated on a lower scale. Nevertheless, the Scotch miners having joined the National Federation, the Scotch industry has now to be subjected to the inspection of English and Welsh union leaders. A National Wages Board Projected. The great aim of the late president of the Miners’ Federation, Benjamin Pickard, M.P., was to get the en- tire mining labor of the country under one organization and to compel English, Welsh and Scotch coal owners to come also under one organization of employers. His design was to have one National Conciliation Board, to regulate wages and conditions of labor in every mining center in the country, so as to prevent local friction and also to control production. This design is impracticable in view of the diversity of seams, of workings, of min- ing peculiarities, of relation to markets and of local con- ditions, but it is nevertheless now cherished as the aim of the federation. In order to carry out this design the federation has for some time past tried to get the work- ing agreements and conciliation boards in all the differ- ent districts made terminable at the same date, so as to have a trump card to play at the renewing of them. It very nearly succeeded in this, but last year the Welshmen took the bit between their teeth and made with their em- ployers an agreement which runs to a later date than the Midlands agreement. This, however, has only de- layed, not prevented, the grand move which is to be made for a National Wages Board, which will fix the wages and dictate to the employers at all the coal mines in the United Kingdom. Mr. Pickard also particularly desired to establish a minimum scale of pay below which, in no circumstances, must any miner be paid. He succeeded, first, in effect- ing this in the Midlands, and then in establishing it as the policy of the federation. Consequently when Wales and Scotland joined the federation they also became com- mitted to this principle. In all mining centers wages are now under the supervision of conciliation boards, com- posed of equal numbers of coal masters and miners. Some of these conciliation boards have mutually appointed permanent neutral chairmen, who are called in when the parties are equally divided on any point, and whose vote is equivalent to the verdict of an arbiter. In Scotland the Conciliation Board has no permanent umpire, but when an agreement cannot be effected on vote of the board it is customary to call in some prominent man wholly unconnected with the coal trade to decide between them. These conciliation boards, however, have not unlimited powers. They are appointed to regulate wages from time to time as occasion arises, but they are not permitted to go either above or below certain limits. These limits vary with the districts, and it may suffice to say here that in Scotland, after the local unions joined IRON AGE. 9 the Midlands Federation, the minimum rate was made 37% per cent. and the maximum rate was made 100 per cent. over the basis rates which ruled in 1888. This made the minimum 5 shillings 6 pence per day and the maximum 8 shillings per day, below and above which the Conciliation Board had no authority to make any ar- rangements. These rates are not necessarily all that a miner can earn; they are based on tonnage and repre- sent the earnings on an average output. In effect, 5 shillings 6 pence per day is the lowest daily sum a Scotch miner has to receive for his labor. By becoming parties to conciliation boards with these limitations the Coal Owners Mave Practically Accepted the Principle ofthe Minimum Wage. And now they are beginning to perceive the dangers into which it may lead them. When the Scotch Concilia- tion Board was reconstructed in 1902 the wage agree- ment was made terminable by either party on giving three months’ notice. In the course of the past summer the coal owners gave notice to terminate the wage agree- iment (though not the board), and this was instantly ac- cepted by the men as a declaration of intention to abol- ish the minimum wage, as for some time past the rate has been down to the minimum, 5 shillings 6 pence. As a matter of fact, the Scotch coal masters did not then pro- pose to reduce wages below 5 shillings 6 pence per day, but they desired to be in a position to do so should the trade get any worse than it was, aud certainly the pros- pects were dark enough. The miners at once applied to the federation and demanded assistance to fight for the maintenance of the minimum wage. The federation called a special conference to consider the matter, and the conclusion reached was that as the Scotch coal owners had not yet proclaimed any reduction below the minimum, although the wage agreement had terminated, no ac- tion was called for either by the local miners or the federation. But it was also resolved that should the minimum in Scotland be attacked the whole area of the federation would be moved to the support of those af- fected. According to a resolution passed at the last an- nual congress of the federation an order can be made to close any or all of the pits in the country in support of any local dispute affecting the interests of the whole fed- eration. Thus the Scotch miners have the moral sup- port of 600,000 miners at their back and the assurance that these will sustain them to the death if they have to fight. There is not going to be any fight just at the mo- ment, because trade has improved sufficiently well to enable the coal masters to go on meanwhile at the mini- mum rate of wage, while they discuss with the miners’ leaders the possibilities of a new wages agreement. But it is plain to all experienced men in the trade, and to all thoughtful men outside of it, that this ques- tion of a minimum wage is rapidly leading us either