The Iron Age 1904-09-29: Vol 74 Iss 13

A Review of the Hardware, Iron, Machinery anc Published every Thursday Morning by David Williams Co., 232-238 William St. New te rk, ‘f) Metal Trades. Vol. 74: No. 13. New York, Thursday, September 29, 1904. $5.00 a Year. including Pastigh ~~ Reading Matter Contents....... page 5! Alphabetical Index to Advertisers ‘‘ 16! Classified List of Advertisers.... “‘ 153]! Advertising and Subscription Rates ‘“‘ 160 | ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE of our large assortment of Price Books for the Hard- ware and Metal Trades Sent on request. DAVID WILLIAMS CO., 232-238 William Street, New York. Waterbury, Cenn. Bristol’s Recording Instruments. mT hae Silver Medal, Paris Exposition. All Ranges, Low Prices, and eues antesd.’ Send for Circulars SAMSON SPOT CORD Alse Linen and Italian Hemp Sash Cord, SAMSON CORDAGE WORKS, Boston, Mass. RNBUOKLES. Mice. 11 Broadway, Ne York. Cleveland City Forge and Iron Con "Cleveland, O. TOR SS it Be Se 03:02 ie ae FouNDRY IRON. ae s Beene Phila, PILLING & GRANE, fasiwnenescyse “Uncle Sam’s Delight.” See AMERICAN SHEET & TIN PLATE COMPANY, Page 23. Single Copies, 15 Cents. © FOR BRUSH AND FIELD SHORT RANGE SHOT SHELLS are carried in stock by all wide-awake dealers. An entirely new invention producing practically the same velocity and pattern at 25 yards as the regular load at 40 yards. These shells often prevent a choke bored gun from missing or mutilating game at close range. All sportsmen wish to try them. Supplied in Arrow and Nitro Club brands only—same price as regular loads. The Union Metallic Cartridge Co., Agency, 313 Broadway, N. Y., New York. BRIDGEPORT, CONN. a THE CAPEWELL HORSE NAIL GOs, Hartford, Conn. 0 3 ¢ Gapewell Horse Nails : « Ga : c > <q NEW YORK, Branches: PORTLAND, ORE, 7 Q ##$PHILADELPHIA, BUFFALO, 9 y CHICAGO, DETROIT, BALTIMORE, - S§T. LOUIS, CINCINNATI, NEW ORLEANS, a < BOSTON, SAN FRANCISCO, DENVER. e 4 A m 2 Exe PLAIN PATTERN REGULAR HEAD. Ee SAID AN ENGINEER “Yes, they did not know about valves at the time the plant was put in, but they do now. Lam replacing all valves with the genuine Jenkins Bros.’’ BENJAMIN FRANKLIN SAID “* Experience keeps a dear school. Remember this : they that will not be counseled cannot be hel Start your plant with Jenkins Bros. Valves and avoid trouble. JENKINS BROS., New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago, London. “*Swedon”” Cold Rolled StGe! ever DIA Wing ae stamping THE AMERICAN TUBE & STAMPING COMPANY SEE (Water and Rail Delivery) BRIDGEPORT, CONN. PAGE MAGNOLIA METAL. Best Anti-Friction Meta] for all Machinery Pac-Simile of Bar. = a MAGNOLIA METAL C0., : Owners and Sole Manufacturers, _ 3-115 Bank Street, . ws Francisco, Momtreal, Boston and Pittsburg. eture all grades of Babbitt Metals at Chicago, Fisher Bidg. NEW YORK. competitive prices 4l BIN bo THE IRON AGE. (my BRASS) ctl 7 ‘sueer /oNeBt and Roll Brass COPPER}, winm PRINTERS’ BRASS, JEWELERS’ METAL, GERMAN GERM AN a aaa 7 GILDING METAL, COPPER RIVETS S LV F R | Pins, Brass ae soepeendeo eng oe Kero- "lee comanan. an. . LOW BRASS. eo BRONZE. 29 MURRAY ST., NEW YORK. EAM RASS 144 HIGH ST., BOSTON. S LESS B , AND COPPER 199 LAKE ST., CHICAGO. TUBING. BRAZED BRASS AND) ROLLING MILL : FACTORIES : THOMASTON, CONN. WATERBURY, CONN, SCOVILL MFG. CO., MANUFACTURERS OF | THE PLUME & Atwood Mr6, CO., MANUFACTURERS OF “QUEEN'S RUN” “Cock Haven” \ PECIAL “West BRANCH” Daryss Se LOCK HAVEN, PA. Randolph-ClowesCo. f|waTERBURY BRASS CO. Main Office and Mill, WATERBURY, CONN. MANUFACTURERS OF SHEET BRASS & COPPER. BRAZED BRASS & COPPER TUBES. Metal SEAMLESS BRASS BRIDGEPORT, GONN. & COPPER TUBES TO 36 IN. DIAM. New York Office, 258 Broadway, Postal Telegraph Building, Room 715. Chicago Office, 602 Fisher Bldg. WATERBURY, CONN. Write Us. Matthiessen & Hegeler Zinc Co., LA SALLE, ILLINOIS. SMELTERS OF SPELTER AND MANUFACTURERS OF SHEET ZINC AND SULPHURIC ACID. Special Sizes of Zinc cut to order. Rolled Battery Plates. Selected Plates for Etchers’ and Lithographers’ use. Selected Sheets for Paper and Card Makers’ use. Stove and Washboard Blanks. ZINCS FOR LECLANCHE BATTERY. to a Wrest nrc 6B 3g T | Best Bronze, Babbitt Metals. Poa VL ee pih h -oD “Ss aluminum se CASTINGS FOUNDERS— FINISHERS. w. G&G. ROWZLLE CoO., HENDRICKS BROTHERS Belleville Copper Rolling Mills, MANUFACTURERS OF Braxsicers’ Bolt and Sheathing COoOPPEHR, 99 John St., New York. Providence, R. |. Bridgeport Deoxidized Bronze & Automobile Castings a Specialty High Tensile Strength. Bronze and Aluminum Alloys. port, Conn. BRASS, GERMAN SILVER Sheets, Rolls, Wire Rods, Bolts and Tubes, Brass Shells, Cups, Hinges, Buttons, Lamp Goods. Special Brass Goods to Order. FACTORIES: VATERSURT. CONN. EPOTS ‘Cmncaae, NEW YORK, BOSTON. JOHN DAVOL & SONS. DEALERS IN COPPER, TIN, SPELTER, LEAD, ANTIMONY. New York. Arthur T. Rutter & Co. 256 Broadway, NEW YORK. Small tubing in Brass, Copper, Steel, Aluminum, German Silver, &c. Sheet Brass, Copper and Ger- man Silver. Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire. Brazed and Seamless Brass and Copper Tube. Copper a1 and Brass | Brass Rod. _ “PHONO-ELECTRIC” WIRE. “it’s Touch.” TROLLEY, TELEPHONE and TELEGRAPH LINES. sriacevert, BRIDGEPORT BRASS CO., ~~ 19 Murray St., New Y 100 John Street, COPPER WIRE AND RIVETS, cs a wore and Dealers in With tables, figures and diagrams. a R. H Importers Ingot Copper, Block Tin, Spelter, Lead, Antimony, etc. | Thurston, "Cloth. Illustrated. 49 CLIFF ST., NEW YORK. For sale by David Williams Co. 282 William St. N. Y. THE IRON AGE THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 209, 1904. The Mesta 40-Inch Slabbing Mill. In the National Tube Company’s plant at McKeesport, Pa., a new 40-inch slabbing mill has been installed, which is remarkable for its size and the novel features in its construction. The complete equipment, as shown in Fig. 2, including the direct connected engines, was manufac- tured by the Mesta Machine Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. This mill is designed to take ingots 56 inches wide and 36 inches thick of different lengths and to reduce them to a width as narrow as 14 inches and to any thickness with- in reasonable limits. It is of the two-high reversing type, having two horizontal steel rolls 32 inches in diameter and 65 inches long. The housings for these rolls are made of air furnace iron and weigh about 50 tons each. The so that it is impossible to make much of a reduction at a single passing of the ingot. With this mill a large reduc- tion may be made on the ingot or slab at each pass. The vertical rolls are made ragged or rough on the surface, similar to the rolls of the horizontal mill, to secure better contact with the ingot and prevent slipping. In slabbing mills, where but little reduction in the width is possible, it is necessary to have a special ingot for almost every width of slab. These require a great number of ingot molds, stools and cars, whereas with this mill it is possible to reduce the number of ingots to a very few, since it is capable of making heavy reductions in the width of the ingot. Steel worked in this manner is also of a better quality. The vertical steel rolls are driven by a pair of 36 x 48 Fig. 1.—One of the 70-Ton Housings for the Vertical Rolls. horizontal rolls are driven by a pair of 46 x 60 inch piston valve reversing engines geared 5 to 7. The gear on the engine shaft is of the step tooth design, machine molded, and is made of acid open hearth steel. The gear on the jack shaft is a steel rim, which is also machine molded, and has a cast iron center. The distinctive feature of the mill is that it has only two vertical rolls, whereas it is customary to use three and sometimes four. A particular advantage peculiar to the method of driving is that large miter gears are used, even though it is possible to bring the rolls within 14 inches of each other to roll narrow slabs. To secure the advantages afforded by large miter gears, other designs introduce between the rolls carrying the miter gears one and sometimes two idle rolls, so that narrow slabs may be rolled. In some cases these inner rolls are driven by spur gears, but as these cannot be larger than the diam- eter of the rolls they wear out rapidly. If the inner rolls are not gear driven they often slip on the driven roll inch piston valve reversing engines. The housings for the vertical rolls are made.of air furnace iron and weigh about 70 tons each. One of these is shown in Fig. 1 mounted on the work base of a large boring mill which is engaged in reaming bolt holes. Power is transmitted from the engine to each of the vertical rolls, first through a pair of straight tooth gears and then through a pair of very large machine molded steel miter gears, as may be seen in Fig. 2, and also in the line drawings, Figs. 3, 4 and 5. The miter gears are 52 inches in diameter. To allow of such large gears the vertical miter gears are mounted on two separate shafts, one being placed at a sufficient distance below the other to allow the horizontal miters to overlap when the rolls are close together. The shafts being short, with a bearing at each end, are more rigid, and another advantage is that one may be removed without interfering with the other. Fig. 3 shows a sectional end elevation of the mill, Fig. 4 a longitudinal vertical section on the plane of the “SHON (HOA OG} Sujal Soujsugq youl SF X HF OMT PUB STOY [wyUOZIOF 04} Fupajiq souSuq™ youl OO X OF OMT, YIM ‘oVodMOD TI FuIqQqeTy qouy-oF eq4Z—z ‘31 September 29, 1904 tx) O < Z 9 & THE September 29, 1904 vertical rolls, and Fig. 5 a top plan view. Referring to Fig. 3, A and A represent the horizontal rolls of the mill, which are mounted in end housings B, these being of the usual form. The vertical rolls, C and C, Figs. 3 and 4, are carried in bearings, which slide in guideways cut in the transverse rest bars extending between the end housings, as shown in Fig. 3. The housings are cast with inwardly projecting ledges, a and a, Fig. 4, upon which the upper rest bars are supported, while the lower rest bars are carried on the foot of each housing. The vertical rolls are supported upon thrust plates, b and b, carried in rocking step bearings, each bearing being loosely mounted at the end of a lever, the rear arm of which is engaged by the rounded lower end of the bolt c, extending into the lower end of the sliding traveler D. By adjusting the nut of the bolt the vertical roll may be raised or lowered. The vertical rolls are driven by a gearing connection THE IRON AGE. 3 sliding upon them when the vertical rolls are adjusted laterally. The travelers are moved in or out by screws, e, e, e and e, which extend through the housings and are rotated by spur gears, f, f, f and f, intermeshing with intermediate gears,G and G. Each traveler is_ held against its adjusting screws by a pull back plunger, h, Fig. 4, moving in a single acting hydraulic cylinder in the end housing. The plungers have outer cross heads with side rods which are bolted to the travelers. To strengthen the rest bars at the middle points they are bolted to- gether by upper bolts, i and i, and lower bolts, jf and j, which extend through spacing blocks. The lower spaciug block is curved on its upper face, as shown in Fig. 3, to guide the slab while it is passing between the vertical rolls. Fig. 6 shows the mill on the erecting floor in the shops of the builder and gives perhaps the best idea of its size. The engines, as before stated, were also built THE IRON AGE Fig. 3.—Vertical Section through the Center of the Mill in a Plane gt Right Angles to the Horizontal Rolls. at the top from the two shafts, E and F, whose axes are in the same vertical plane, but on different levels. The outer end of each shaft is carried in a bearing in the near end housing, while the inner end is carried in a stationary bearing supported upon brackets extending inwardly from the rest bars. The shafts E and F are short, and being supported at both ends are in no danger of bending or getting out of alignment. Each of these driving shafts is splined and carries a sliding miter gear, G, the hub of which has a surrounding collar, d, secured to the traveler D. The miter gears G intermesh with other miter gears, H, secured to the upper projecting ends of the trunnions on the driven rolls. The gears H on these two rolls are placed as before stated, one below the other and over- lapping, so that the rolls may be brought close together. The shafts E and F are provided with spur gears, I, which are driven by gears J, secured to the shaft K, extending between the housings in front of the shafts E and F. One end of this shaft K is connected by a coupling to the shaft of the engine which is mounted on an elevated foundation, as seen in Fig. 2. The travelers D have side flanges or projections which rest upon guideways on the top and bottom rest bars, by the Mesta Machine Company, so that the complete equipment has the advantage of harmony in design and action such as cannot easily be attained when the as- sociated parts are furnished by different builders. ——_--o___—_ A new electric automobile has been brought out in France by the Electromotion Company of Paris. It dif- fers from the usual construction of machines of its class in employing slow speed motors directly connected to the axles instead of high speed motors operated through chains or gearing. The current is supplied from accumu- lators, and it is said that there is a saving of from 20 to 30 per cent. by avoiding the loss of energy in gear friction. The car is capable of five speeds, ranging be- tween 4% and 19 miles an hour. Its operation is said to be noiseless and smooth when stopping, starting or chang- ing speeds. The contract for the new School of Mines to be erected at Columbus, Ohio, was awarded September 15 to John Hina of Columbus. The building will cost approximately $85,000. Tou: pea tice A wat) sites 4 THE IRON AGE. St. Louis World’s Fair Notes. Lumbermen and others using wood working machinery have found the exhibit of the H. B. Smith Machine Com- pany, Smithville, N. J., in Block 4 of Machinery Hall, of great interest. It is the largest exhibit of this class of a, — rs A To —— Pa Ne iT = pil He ng ge KG 7 Ph September 29, 1904 tenoning machine has a table fitted with a peculiar style of roller bearing, allowing it to move easily and accurate- ly. The extra heavy cabinet surfacer which is exhibited will plane a width of 27 inches on stock as thick as 7 inches. It is fitted with sectional feed rolls and sectional chip breakers, so that several narrow pieces may be At it Ege x WOO a = eA wwZ YAK KT : Pr g Sy bo) Y cae th SSS > Fel LA} XC my ——_ 5¥< SSI =O oe ve WIM yy 1 | ey —_—s Fig. 4.—Vertical Section through the Mill Parallel with the Horizontal Rolls. machinery, occupying a space of some 5000 square feet, in which are shown 35 machines of latest design, embodying all improvements up to date. A number of machines are electrically driven. Among the latest new machines which are shown are a new extra heavy outside molder, a | ee planed at one time and all be reduced to a parallel gauge. The table is raised by power on inclined planes. The cutter head bearings are of the patent clamping style, and the feed is taken from the cutter head by open belts. A six-roll fast feed flooring machine shown will handle Qantas eG FOTUMTORT HANEY Fig. 5-—Plan View of the Mill, Showing Gearing for the Vertical Rolls. triple drum sander and fast feed flooring machine, double and single end tenoning machines, and cabinet surfacers. The double end tenoning machine is especially adapted for working hard wood and heavy pieces of stock, such as are used in the manufacture of furniture and railway cars. The machine has double heads so as to cut long tenons, and will handle stock of any length between 456 inches and 6% feet up to 28 inches wide between shoul- ders. The cope heads are powerfully driven and. are mounted on the ways, differing in this respect from the ordinary double end tenoning machines. The single end work up to 6 inches in thickness and as wide as 12 inches. The under cutter head is placed next to the upper or thicknessing head, so as to work both sides of the board before it is acted upon by the side heads, the advantage being that it enables the operator to work the flooring with the face side down. All of the adjustments are made from the working side of the machine, and the clamps for holding the heads are compensating. The ma- chine is also fitted with a belt compensating device, which by the turning of a crank tightens all the cutter head belts when cutting hard wood or slackens them when September 29, 1904 THE cutting soft wood and making light cuts, thus reducing wear and tear on the machine and belting. The triple drum sander differs from others in that the sand drums are over the work, the latter being fed by an endless belt. This feed bed is composed of lugs joined together and faced with rubber, so as to present a slightly yielding surface, allowing the entire bed to be filled with work, even if the pieces are small and of slight- ly different thicknesses. The table is raised and lowered by power and has hand adjustment for fine setting. The drums assist in lifting the dust into an overhead hood, from whence it is withdrawn by the usual exhaust fans. Two of these drums oscillate, balancing one another, and IRON AGE. 5 with combined table and rack and It is especially adapted for working hard The smaller reciprocating mortiser is intended for lighter work. The new quadruple mortising and boring machines will work two stiles at a time, mortising one end and boring the other, or it will bore four holes at a mortiser and borer pinion feed. wood. time. Several styles of sawing machines are exhibited, among them a large surfacer resawing machine fitted with a 48-inch segmental saw, a 36-inch standard band saw machine, a large universal saw bench with tilting table, a medium sized universal saw table with boring attachment, a large gang lath and picket mill, a smalb Fig. 6.—The 40-Inch Slabbing Mill as it Appeared in the Erecting Shop of the Mesta Machine Company. the paper is fastened on them, so that it is kept tight automatically. The new class of molding machines includes a 10-inch molder, which is, perhaps, the heaviest outside molder ever produced, weighing some G000 pounds. It is so de- signed that the inside vertical spindle which is on the table is accessible and the table is supported close to the under cutter head. The table may be lowered 12 inches 1o work the deeper class of stock, and clamps promptly to the frame in three places, making the machine practi- cally as rigid as'\‘an inside molder. All of the cutter spindles are of large diameter, and the bearings are of the patent clamp style. Two 7-inch molders exhibited are of somewhat the same general plan, one having the inside vertical spindle attached to the table, while the other has it attached to the frame. A 6-inch molder built on the latter plan is also exhibited. A number of other styles of surface planing machines are shown, one being a 24-inch double surfacer fitted with divided feed rolls and divided chip breaker. It is of medium weight and will plane up to a thickness of 8 inches. Another interesting machine is a cabinet reciprocating self contained cabinet electrotype saw bench, a medium sized swing saw, and a 26-inch right hand gang: ripping and edging machine. enasoienesilaaialinistilailetaeatt The following is the list of prices of the German steel syndicate for export and for the home market: Export price. Home price. F’.o.b. F.o.r. s. 4. s. @. DCCL Ticeh en dsacccetéepps 74 0 95 0 TI hg o's dela ae seme diced 76 0 97 0 Rails, 50 pounds up.......... . 88 Oto 90 0 120 0 ns 66 aa & + 0 0 0:¢:0:6.eldibing 107 Oto112 0 112 0to115 0 SOMBRE cescccccee a 85 0 105 0 Plates, ship... ..107 6to112 0 110 0to115 0 Angles ..107 0to112 0 112 0to115 oO The export prices are said to be nominal to some ex- tent, it being believed that concessions may be obtained. Coal briquettes form 10 per cent. of the fuel used on the Paris, Lyons & Mediterranean Railway, these being made of slack and dust from the coinpany’s mines. It is found that quickly with the briquettes than without them. steam can be raised more THE The Gisholt Solid Adjustable Reamer. The solid adjustable reamer shown in the engraving herewith is one of the smaller tools manufactured by the ‘Gisholt Machine Company, Madison, Wis. Like many other tools which have been placed on the market, its invention was the result of a need for such a tool which existed in the manufacturer’s own shop. It was felt that an ideal reamer should possess all the solidity of a one- piece tool, and yet be capable of expanding to compen- sate for wear and regrinding. A particularly valuable feature in this solid adjustable reamer lies in the size and thickness of the blades. The blades are made of the best tool steel, and each has two cutting edges, as may be seen in the illustration. The . a = . THE /RON AGE The New Reamer and Two Forms of Standard Arbors. expanding is effected by placing liners under the in- serted blades. The extra weight and width of stock used in the blades materially reduce the liability of break- age. The body of the reamer is of high earbon steel bored and slotted to fit standard reamer arbors of the form shown in the illustration. Especial care is taken in building these reamers to insure accurate fitting of the blades to the body. The reamers are now manufac- tured in all standard sizes, for both hand and machine use. a oe _——_ The production of pig iron in Germany, including Luxemburg, during July last comprised 143,577 tons of foundry pig, 34,916 tons of Bessemer pig, 542,284 tons of Thomas pig, 58,956 tons of spiegeleisen, and 67,594 tons of forge pig—a total of 847,327 tons, which contrasts with 836,785 tons in June last, and 865,343 tons in July, 1908. The aggregate output for the first seven months of the year is returned at 5,846,740 tons, as contrasted with 5,799,875 tons in the corresponding seven months of 1903. IRON AGE. September 29. 1904 The Hamilton-Holzwarth Steam Turbine. Iver since the announcement that the Hooven, Owens, Rentschler Company, Hamilton, Ohio, was engaged in the design of a steam turbine the engineering public has been awaiting its appearance with interest. One of the first to be constructed is now on exhibition in Machinery Hall at the St. Louis Exposition, and the exterior view, Fig. 1, shows just about as much as the observer may learn of it by inspecting it at the fair. Those who are interested to know not merely what it will do. but how it is done, will be gratified now that the company has given out the de- tails of its construction. The turbine proves to be another multi-stage axial flow turbine, and, consequently, belongs in the class with the Parsons, Curtis and Rateau machines, as distinguished from the single stage turbines of De Laval and Riedler- Stumpff makes. It employs a plurality of stationary disks and running wheels, both having vanes about their circumference. The Parsons turbine allows the steam to expand in both the stationary and running blades, while in this turbine the expansion occurs only in the stationary blades. The increased volume of the steam as it pursues its course through the turbine is accommodated by in- creasing the radial depth of the stationary blades. The leakage caused by the clearance between the shaft and the bore of the stationary disks is small, due to the spe- cial construction. Other distinguishing features of the turbine are that the number of wheels and their vanes is considerably smaller than in the Parsons type, and that balancing pistons are omitted. It was found that the axial thrust of the running wheel shaft was small enough to be easily taken up by thrust ball bearings, since the steam pressure is practically the same on both sides of the running wheels. An advantage of this is that the ‘eakage loss, due to balancing pistons, is avoided. The turbine is of the horizontal type and is designed and so balanced that the machine is kept below its critical speed —that is, the velocity at which the shaft would be apt to vibrate. For units of 750 kw. and upward the rotating body is divided into two parts—high and low pressure turbines —but smaller units are built in one turbine casing. The turbine casings, pedestals and bearings for the generator are placed upon one rigid bed plate of box pattern, in- suring the alignment of all parts. All steam, oil and water piping, including the steam inlet, regulating and by-pass valves, are within and below the bed plate. The steam first passes through a steam separator, which is located below the bed plate, thence through the main in- let valve. The latter has an extended stem, which is connected with a floor stand and hand wheel placed near the high pressure end of the turbine. The steam then passes through a regulating valve and from there through a curved pipe to the head of the high pressure turbine. The Steam Distribution, From the ring channel of this head the steam flows through the first set of stationary vanes, these being rig- idly connected to the head, and its direction is changed to a partly tangental one, while velocity is imparted by a partial expanding. From here the steam flows in a full cylindrical belt interrupted only by the vanes of the first wheel, thence through the following stationary disks, and so on. From the last wheel the steam is led through receiver pipes to the front head of the low pressure cas- ing, or if there is only one casing immediately to the condenser. The condenser may be of either the jet or surface type, and is placed as near as possible to the ex- haust opening in the low pressure casing. The steam distribution in the low pressure turbine. is the same as in the high pressure. The low pressure front head, however, has an additional nozzle, through which an auxiliary supply of live steam is allowed to en- ter if required by an overload. This steam is controlled by the governor, and the design is such that no back pressure is exerted against the steam from the high pressure turbine. Its action is somewhat that of an in- jector sucking the low pressure steam through the first September 29, 1904 THE IRON AGE. Wor!d's Fair. Exhibition at on Now Bullock Generator ; = a =< a vriv.Dg a iurbine A 1500 Tlorse-Power Hamilton-Hoizwarth Steaa stationary vanes of the low pressure turbine. The curvature of the vanes is such that the steam will increase its velocity while passing through the stationary vanes in a ratio cor- responding to its operation. The Statiouary Disks. The purpose of the stationary disks, as has been said, is to prepare the steam for its action in the power transmitting part of the turbine, the running wheels. The disks are he'{ in grooves in the casings, which are split horizontally. The vanes are >of drop forged steei, milled and located in a groove on the outside perij-iery of the disks. By milling these «anes accurate spacing and absolute con- trol of the angle are obtainea After being riveted to the disks the vanes are ground, giving them ‘ue protile they should have for effiment steam expansion. A steel ring is finally shrunk on the outside periphery of the vanes and steam «bannels. Fig. 2 gives a side view of a stationary disk showing three sets of nozzles, with a part broken away to show the adjustment of the nozzle section, a sectional view of a disk, and a segmenta: section on the line yy. he nozzie ring or partition is composed of two disks screwed to- gether by beits near the center and periphery ond having holes through the center for the passage of the turbine sbaft. The disks have seg- wental openings, as shown at a, Db and c, and the inner face of one disk is recessed at d along the sides and ends of the openings a, b and c, so that when the disks are screwed together a groove is formed in the side and end walls of the openings. Ring e encircles the edges of the disk. The nozzle passages are lo- cated in the apertures a, }b and ec. The shape and size of these passages are determined by nozzle members f, g and h. The members f and g are adjusted to the respective ends of the openings and have projecting flanges, i, which fit into the chan- nels at the ends and bottom of the openings formed between the disks. The intermediate members h have angularly positioned flanges to fit the recesses at the base of the open- ings. The flanges are secured in posi- tion by rivets which pass through the disks and flanges, securing each of the nozzle members in position. These end and intermediate mem- bers, f, g and h, determine the form and direction of the nozzle passages through the dividing walls. Details of the top and side views of the three forms of nozzle members are shown in Fig. 3. The turbine Wheels. The turbine wheels next to the stationary disks are the most im- portant part of the turbine. Though the steam flows through both in the same way their features are quite different. Weight is not an important factor in the stationary disks, but the turbine wheels must be as light as possible for the sake of efficiency. The heavier they are § THE IRON AGE. the larger the shaft must be, and necessarily the bore of the stationary disks, which aggravates the leakage loss. They must also be strong enough to stand cen- trifugal stresses; must be perfectly balanced; must have the edges of their vanes accurately formed for the most efficient influx and efflux of the steam, and fastened with the greatest security. These are the principal con- ditions for the construction of the wheels, and the manner : YW), U te — Ke > © a Basses f J September 29, 1904 bine in which metal comes in contact with metal, and ap ample supply of lubricant is the recourse for keeping the friction at a minimum. The bearings for the turbine shaft have much less weight to support than those for the generator shaft, and can, therefore, be made with straight cylindrical shells, whereas the bearings of the generator have ball shaped shells to insure their align- ment with the shaft. In both cases the top and bottom WWU ELL LLL AS YN we (a Yj —s THL mON AGE Fig. 2.—A Stationary Disk; Side View and in Section. in which they have been met is shown in Fig. 4. This shows a radial sectional view of one of the running wheels and part of the shaft, also a side view partly in section of the outer part of one of the wheels, and a cross section through one of the vanes. Each wheel is built up of two disks, which are bolted to a hub or sleeve mounted upon and rotating with the shaft to which it is splined. The outer edges of the disks are rolled over to form laterally projecting flanges and are bolted together near the flanges through spacing blocks. To strengthen the disks midway between the hub and flange there is another ring of bolts extending through spacing tubes. The blocks near the flanges, taken together, form a vane-supporting ring, of which each block is a segment. Each of the blocks is provided with angular channels, a, extending inwardly from the outer surface of the block and converging, as shown in the side view. The bottom of each channel is enlarged slight- ly, as shown. The vanes are formed with lips on their front and rear walls, which are bent convergingly and forced in to channels, a, while the outer edges of the vane rest upon the flanges of the disks. The lips are thickened at their extremities to correspond with the en- larged bottom parts of the channels. A band is adjusted to encircle the series of vanes, engaging their outer edges, which are recessed to receive the band. With this con- struction each of the vanes is held rigidly in position. The Bearings. With the exception of the governor, regulating mechan- ism and pump the bearings are the only part of the tur- halves of the bushings are screwed together. In the pedestal and caps the oil inlet and outlet are placed close together, so that no piping is disturbed when removing the bushings. The oil is fed to the bottom bushings under THE IRON AGE Fig. 3.—The Three Forms of Nozzle Members. a slight pressure, and then flows with the rotating shaft and is taken off in the cap, whence it flows back to the oil outlet. With the ball thrust bearings on the ex- haust side of the turbine the whole shaft may be moved axially to adjust the position of the running wheels with regard to the stationary disks. Flexible couplings are used between high pressure and low pressure shafts and between the low pressure shaft and generator shaft, so that each shaft may be located by itself without affecting the others. ; ; September 29, 10904 THE The difficulty of avoiding leakage of steam through the shaft bearings is one which has harassed all turbine build- ers. The manner in which it has been met by the design- ers of this machine is worthy of attention. Fig. 5 shows the form of construction of the bearing, which has the double object of preventing the leakage of steam along the shaft and the leakage of oil from the bearing into the turbine. The illustration is a vertical sectional view of the bearing, showing part of the turbine at the inlet end. It will be observed that the diameter of the turbine shaft is reduced as it leaves the head of the turbine. About the shaft a sleeve, a, is secured by set screws, and abuts against the shoulder formed at the reduced part of the shaft. The sleeves projects from the point of union with the shaft into a recess formed in a collar, b, which pro- jects outwardly from the turbine head. This collar is set in an annular groove in the turbine head against a pack- ing ring, c, to prevent leakage at that point. Where the THE IRON AGE Fig. 4.—Details of a Running Wheel and Vanes. shaft passes through the collar b there is an enlarged space at d, which is also filled with packing. A nut se- cured upon the outer surface of the sleeve is used to com- press the packing. The collar } also has a flange upon which the ring e is secured, this ring extending to the bearing bushing f and fitting in a channel] therein. Pack- ing is inserted at g between the collar }b and the nut screwing upon the ring e, and a gasket, h, in the channel in the bushing f, against which the ring e bears. Drip flanges, i, project inwardly from the bushing f and a duct leads to an outlet, j, in the pillow block for the escape of oil from the bearing. Steam following the shaft must pass outwardly over the sleeve a and then underneath it and the collar b before it reaches the packing d. By this time there will be sufficient condensation to prevent ma- ter‘al leakage. Any leakage which does occur is pocketed in the space inclosed by the ring e and serves to expel the oil dripping from the bearings through the duct and open- ing j, thus preventing the oil from accumulating and fol- lowing the shaft into the turbine when the latter is at rest. Provision for Expansion, The high pressure and low pressure shafts and casings can expand easily, as both are held rigidly only at the coo] or exhaust end by the pedestals. The casings are not fastened to the bed plate and with the shafts and run- IRON AGE. 9 ning wheels can slide to expand against the direction in which the steam flows. At the intake end, which is the hottest, there is no rigid connection, not even between the pedestal bearing and the casing. The Flexible Coupling. It was the above arrangement for expansion which led to the design of the coupling used between the high and low pressure shafts and the low pressure and generator shafts. The faces of the coupling disks are each set with a ring of projecting lugs, each lug being made up of lami- nations of sheet metal. The lugs are disposed in pairs alternating with single lugs, the arrangement being such that when the coupling is engaged the pairs of lugs straddle the individual lugs, but the lugs of each disk do not quite reach the face of the other disk. The advan- tage of the coupling is that it gives.some flexibility, al- lowing silent running at high speed, even though there is vibration or deviation in the alignment in the coupled shafts. The Stuffing Boxes, At the four places where the shaft enters the steam chambers of the casing a stuffing box of the form illus- trated in connection with the bearings, Fig. 5, is used. These stuffing boxes contain no half rings. A shaft re- volving in a sufficiently long box with a small clearance throttles the steam which tries to escape along the shaft. This is the principle on which the stuffing boxes are de signed, but to avoid a long box, which makes a longer shaft necessary, a telescopic construction is substituted. The Governor, The governor is directly driven by the turbine shaft and is of the spring and weight type specially adapted to high speeds. Fig. 6 shows a diametrical section of the governor and an end view partly in section; a is the gov- ernor spindle and b is a sleeve reciprocating upon it under the influence of the governor, being connected with the valve regulating mechanism; c is a cylindrical casing fast upon the governor spindle, and contains the governor mechanism; d is a cross spindle intersecting the axis of the governor spindle, through which it passes with a loose fit so that it is free to shift endwise. The governor weights e slide freely on the cross spindle and have a pair of collars, f. The caps g are secured upon the outer ends of the cross spindle ahd fit in openings in the casing. They are used to adjust the compression of the helical springs surrounding the cross spindle and opposing the centrifugal force, which tends to throw the weights out- wardly. A pair of arms, h, are pivoted to the casing and have rollers on their inner ends, which engage the groove formed between the flanges for the governor weights. There are two of these arms on each of the weights, both being pivoted on a common shaft, i, which is mounted on lugs projecting from one end wall of the casing. The arms j connect with arms hf forming bell cranks, which transmit the motion of the radial move- ment of the governor weights to the sleeve connected with the valve control, giving it an axial movement on the governor spindle; k is a collar fast on the governor spindle between the cross spindle and the inner end of the sleeve d. Prongs projecting from this collar toward the sleeve have grooves in their side faces parallel with the spindle. Similar prongs project from the inner end of the sleeve, intermeshing with the prongs of the collar. Balls set in longitudinal grooves between the prongs re- duce the friction caused by the sleeve reciprocating upon the spindle. The governor weights have guideways parallel with the cross spindle, in which rollers | supported by the end wall of the casing engage. The action of the gov- ernor resembles that of an ordinary centrifugal governor —that is to say, as the weights move outwardly and in- wardly the bell crank levers transmit motion endwise to the sleeve, which effects the adjusting of the valve con- trolling apparatus. The use of double bell crank arms on each side gives a symmetrical disposition of the mass in motion, and a symmetrical transmission of the strains of adjustment. The balls between the prongs of the spindle collar and sleeve add to the sensitiveness of the governor. The driving power for the governor parts is transmitted through the casing, one end of which is 10 THE IRON AGE. . keyed to the governor spindle, and both heads are rigidly bolted and doweled to the rim connecting them. The object in having the cross spindle free to slide through the governor spindle is to allow the center of gravity to - » g VY , Vir ee OC J 1 ee Z / — > ap = - , < Sy soon SS Wy N VE oP cl ps . S a 1 Ss Wf ) Ys SNS U Vj }, YY N MQ SS SS THE \RON AGE Fig. 5.—-Detail of a Bearing and Stuffing Box. be adjusted until it coincides with the geometrical center of the apparatus. The Regulating Vaive. The regulating valve is located below the bed plate and, as has been said, is connected by a curved pipe with the high pressure front head on one side and with the inlet valve on the other. Though a throttle valve, it re- MS WN | acted ZZ a 7\\| lJ Er || N WW pm aaa oS he ea Cr Zi | omntieenaialal GL — 4 VO Ul ec ll dle V//7a ?_ AST | September 29. 1904 center of the valve. There are openings at the top and bottom of this ‘chamber which contain the valve seats, both being on the upper side of the openings. The valves are on one stem a fixed distance apart, but are made in two pieces to allow their removal. The steam passes from the upper valve opening through a passage, to the same outlet which communicates with the lower valve opening. Immediately below the regulating valve and forming a part of it in one steam chamber is located the by-pass regulating valve, which controls the steam supply to the by-pass nozzles in the low pressure head. This is also a double seated valve, and, being connected with the same stem as the regulating valve, avoids a second stuffing box. The Regulating Mechanism. The main regulating valve is not actuated directly by the governor, but by means of a regulating mechanism, for the reason that direct acting governors do not have an equal resistance for all positions and do not make the angular velocity of the turbine independent of the load. There is a higher speed when working with a light load than when working with a full load. The resistance on the governor is especially caused by the resistance of the steam acting upon the valve and the friction of the stem in the stufling box. Though the first resistance can be made nearly uniform by using perfectly balanced double seated poppet valves, it is impossible to reduce the ir- regular sucking action exerted by the steam upon these valves when they are nearly closed. The indirect acting mechanism is more complicated, but is justified where extremely close regulation is necessary and when the moment of inertia of the rotating body is very large. Such are the conditions in the steam turbine. The prin- ciple of the regulating mechanism is as follows: The stem of the regulating valve is driven by means of bevel gears by a shaft supported in roller bearings. On this shaft there is a friction wheel which is movable across the face of a friction disk by means of a governor through the agency of a sleeve and bell crank lever. The friction disk revolves continually and is keyed to a sliding shaft, which is driven by a coupling from a hollow shaft, while the latter is driven by worm: gearing from the turbine shaft. ‘The solid shaft can be slightly shifted by the governor sleeve, so that the friction disks come into con- Hl iT 1 i) i a! | ipo lil Fig. 6.—Section and End View of the Governor. sembles one of double seated poppet type, but of a special design, in which the valves are balanced. The valve and valve seats are of tough cast steel to avoid corrosion as much as possible. The valve body is of cast iron, but, as the expansion of cast iron and cast steel are about the same, troubles from leaking are not experienced. The steam is admitted from the inlet into a chainber at the tact only when the angular velocity changes. If this change is relatively great the sleeve will draw the period- ically revolving friction disk far from the center of the continually revolving one and will quickly drive the stem of the regulating valve and regulate the steam flow. Thus the governor can change the intensity of its actuating. When the angular velocity falls below a certain percent- September 29, 1904 age of the normal speed the driving friction disk is drawn back by the governor. The regulating valve re- mains open and the whole regulating mechanism stops, though the shaft is still running. This avoids consider- able wear on the regulating mechanism during starting and stopping. The governor shuts down the whole tur- bine when the angular velocity exceeds 2% per cent. of the normal. Therefore, if an acident should happen to the governor, the only thing which would result would be the stopping of the turbine; hence there is no need of an auxiliary governor for safety. The spring balance at- tached to the bell crank lever of the regulating mechan- ism makes it possible to alter the speed of the turbine while running, which might be necessary in order to run the turbine parallel with another prime mover. The hand wheel of this spring balance is outside of the pedestal for the regulating mechanism and near the tachometer and floor stand and hand wheel. The spring balance al- lows a change of 5 per cent. either way from the normal speed of the turbine. Lubrication. All bearings of the entire turbo-generator are fed from an oil tank of large capacity, which is located in the base. An oil pump driven by worm gearing from the turbine shaft provides positive circulation. The oil after being forced through the bearings is returned to the tank, fil- tered through a strainer, and has suflicient time to radiate part of its heat before it is used again. Each pressure pipe to a bearing contains a valve by which the flow of oil may be regulated. All revolving parts of the turbine are incased, and the principal part of the regulating mechanism operates in a bath of oil, and there is no place on the whole turbine which is not lubricated matically. auto- —o+e— Oliver Williams. Oliver Williams, president and treasurer of the Bry den Horseshoe Company, Catasauqua, Pa., died at his home in that place on Saturday, September 17, after a brief illness with heart troubles, aged 73 years. Mr. Williams was born in Wales in 1831 and was brought to America by his parents in 1833, locating at Schenectady, N. Y., where the family remained until 1840, when they removed to Catasauqua, Pa., where the father held an important position with the then newly organized Lehigh Crane Iron Works. Here the father died in 1845. Mr. Williams received such education as was afforded by the country schools of the times, and a year in the Allentown Academy at Allentown, Pa., and a year in the Moravian School at Bethlehem, Pa. He learned the trade of molder in the foundry connected with the Crane furnaces at Catasauqua and worked at the trade until 1849, when he went to Philadelphia, entering the optical establishment of McAlister & Co., where he remained until 1853, when he joined James Queen, form- ing the firm of Queen & Co. In 1855 Mr. Williams took Horace Greeley’s advice to go West and grow up with the country, settling in Mil- waukee, where for a period of three months he and Ches- ter A. Arthur, then a young lawyer, who had also gone West to grow up with the country, roomed together. Mr. Arthur’s metropolitan tastes did not take kindly to the West, and he returned to New York City, where Mr. Wil- liams visited him at the old Bancroft House. While there he met Peter R. L. Hardenburg, with whom he formed a partnership in the leather business, locating in Chicago in 1858. Mr. Williams remained in Chicago un- til 1867, when he removed to Catasauqua to become the general manager of the Catasauqua Mfg. Company, then a newly organized concern. Mr. Williams was with the Catasauqua Mfg. Company as general manager from 1867 to 1879, and from 1879 to 1892°as its president. He saw it begin in a small way and grow to be one of the best known and largest merchant mills in Eastern Penn- sylvania. In 1882 the Bryden Horseshoe Company was organ- ized, Mr. Williams taking an active part in having the works established in Catasauqua. In 1892 he resigned from the Catasauqua Mfg. Company, and as treasurer and general manager until 1899 and as president and treasurer THE IRON AGE, 11 from then until his death he devoted himself to its suc- cessful establishment as one of the largest horseshoe man- ufacturing concerns in the country. At the time of his death Mr. Williams was the president of the Cement National Bank, at Siegfried, Pa.; vice-president of the Whitehall Portland Cement Company, Cementon, Pa., and a director of the E. P. Wilbur Trust Company, South Bethlehem, Pa. For three years Mr. Williams was the president of the National Iron Association and for 15 years president of the Eastern Iron Association. He had a wide acquaint- ance among iron manufacturers throughout the country. and his genial disposition and ready wit made him hosts of friends. He was a Republican in politics, being his party’s candidate for Congress in 1896 in a district nor- mally good for 10,000 Democratic majority, but was de- feated by about 1700. Mr. Williams was always an active OLIVER WILLIAMS. church and Sunday school worker, being connected with the Trinity Lutheran Church. He is survived by a widow and three daughters. +e To Test an Obnoxious Illinois Statute. Some time ago the labor unions in Illinois exerted sufficient political power to force through the State Legislature a statute making it a misdemeanor, punish- able by fine or imprisonment, or both, for an individual or a firm to omit from an advertisement for help the fact that a strike or lockout existed in his or its plant when such did exist. Jacob J. Walser, president of the Goss Printing Press Company, Chicago, was arrested last week, at the in- stance of labor unions, for failing to state in an adver- tisement for men that a strike existed in his plant, his company being one of many in Chicago against which the International Association of Machinists is still tech- nically waging a strike, though strike conditions long since ceased to exist. The Illinois Manufacturers’ Asso- ciation has championed the cause of Mr. Walser and the Goss Company, and has decided to embrace this opportunity of testing the constitutionality of the law. Section 1 of the law reads as follows: It shall be unlawful to induce, persuade or engage workmen to change from one place to another in this State, or to bring workmen of any class or calling into this State to work in any of the departments of labor, through or by false representations, false adyertising or false pretenses concerning kind or character of