The Iron Age 1904-08-18: Vol 74 Iss 7

THE IROM:AGE A Review of the Hardware, Iron, Machines anu. al Trades. Published every Thursday Morning by David Williams Co,, 232-238 William St., New York, Vol. 74: No. 7. New York, Thursday, August 18, 1904. SB.00 a Yeas, inatoding Pomage Single Copies, 15 Cen Reading Matter Contents. ...... page 46]; Alphabetical Index to Advertisers ‘‘ 169] Classified List of Advertisers.... “ I61] Advertising and Subscription Rates ‘‘ 168]! are the satisfactory kind. Never misfire or lead the barrel. Dealers should carry a full line of U. M. C, Metallics to meet the increasing demand, Half sold before they are offered to the retailer. Latest improvements to meet changing conditions. U. M. GC. has but one quality— U. M. G. QUALITY. THE BRISTOL COMPANY, Waterbury, Conn. Bristol’s Recording || THE UNION METALLIC CARTRIDGE COMPANY ’ By F wens. pgp 313 “Boar ay ay Sas One, 86-8 S Fire t St. X VP or 'e rature adw - rs —j and! ectricity. New York. CONN. San Francisco, Gal. Silver Medal, Paris Exposition. All Ranges, Low Prices, and Guar- anteed. Send for Circulars. Alse Linen and Italian Hemp Sash Cord. SAMSON CORDAGE WORKS, Boston, Mass. PLAIN PATTERN REGULAR WEAD. TURNBUCKLES. 0 ———— . : Zz 2 Branch Office. 11 Broadway, New York. x G “ il H r N il Cc Cleveland City Forge and Iron Co., - “Cleveland, 0. . ape € 9 SE a S S TURNBUCHKISES:. os mae - hice pone ae MERRILL BROS., oS «6PHILADELFHIA, BUFFALO, - . mig 465 to 471 Kent Ave , wy CHICAGO, DETROIT, BALTIMORE, Brooklyn, E.D., N.Y. + 8ST. LOUIS, CINCINNATI, NEW ORLEANS, u ———$—— < BOSTON, SAN FRANCISCO, DENVER, » J FORGINGS. | Jt tHE CAPEWELL HORSE NAIL CO,, Hartford, com 5 2 @trard Building, Phiia. PILLING & CRANE, pire pide: Now York Ee PLAIN PATTERN REGULAR HEAD. ac SAID AN ENGINEER ‘“* Yes, they did not know about valves at the time the plant was put in, but they do now. Iam replacing all valves with the genuine Jenkins Bros.’ BENJAMIN FRANKLIN SAID ** Experience = a dear school. Remember this : they that will not be counseled Registered Trademarks cannot ™ ~_ cant com plant with Jenkins Bros. Valves and avoid trouble. and Millbrands sandal BROS., New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago, London. Le mS used by . 66 swedon” “Sed” Gad Role elt Tag Stang / & \ THE AMERICAN TUBE & soot ee COMPANY SEE AME RICAN (Water and Rail Delivery) compen aaa pace 2 he Bho Bt MAGNOLIA, METAL. ° oP = Pac-Simile of Bar. imitations. “SW AGMOLIA METAL CO.; Owners and Sole Manufacturers Bank rancisco, Montreal, Boston and Pittsburg. eh » Bids. aan a winntaah urs e all ross: of Babbitt Metals at Icago, i Ishe com vi aed - . . ray x ee eS I Nn 1 Ty ‘ iy a 2 THE IRON AGE. MANUFACTURERS OF SHEET | THE PLUME & ATwooD Mr6. Co., MANA IDRASS; = High Grade natal Sheet and Roll Brass COPPER — WiRE WIRE PRINTERS’ BRASS, JEWELERS’ METAL, GERMAN GERM AN SHEET ah aee, GILDING METAL, COPPER RIVETS ROD Pins, Brass Butt Hinges, Jack Chain, Kere- i SILVER = OO eee ele aa ee re : aan ty pane aor LOW BRASS. SHEET BRONZE. |20 MURRAY ST., NEW YORK. 0 lly RANCH” | JHAPES SEAMLESS BRASS AND COPPER 144 HIGH ST., BOSTON. 199 LAKE ST., CHICAGO. ele Ger \“oee wee | TUBING. BRAZED BRASS AND e; os BRONZE TUBING. eheee ead _THOMASTON, CONN. | WATERBURY, CONN, Randolph-Glowes Co. WATERBURY BRASS CO., SCOVILL MFG. CO., WATERBURY, CONN. WATERBURY, CONN. BRASS, GERMAN SILVER Sheets, Rolis, Wire Rods, Bolts and Tubes, Brass Shells, Cups, Hinges, Buttons, Lamp Goods. Special Brass Goods to Order. 99 John St., New York. Providence, R. I. Bridgeport eo Bronze & bla MANUFACTURERS OF SHEET BRASS & COPPER. BRAZED BRASS & COPPER TUBES. SEAMLESS BRASS a WATERBURY, CONN. & COPPER TUBES $/ Automobile Castings a Specialty. — TO 36 IN. DIAM. NEW YORK, BOSTON. New York Office, 258 Broadway, Postal High Tensile Strength. ee senthninaaiite: Bronze and Aluminum Alloys. JOHN DAVOL & SONS, Write Us. DEALERS IN COPPER, TIN, SPELTER, LEAD, ANTIMONY Matthiessen & Hegeler Zinc Co., ff| 100 jonn street, - New York. LA SALLE, ILLINOIS, SMELTERS OF SPELTER Arthur T. Rutter & Go. SHEET ZINC AND SULPHURIC ACID. Special Sizes of Zinc cut to order. Rolled Battery Plates. 256 Broadway, Selected Plates for Etchers’ and Lithographers’ Gelected Sheets for Paper and Card Makers’ use. NEW YORK. igre: Small tubing in B Co r, ZINCS FOR LECLANCHE BATTERY. iat, Aktien Gees Glee &c. Sheet Brass, Copper and Ger- een man Silver. Copper, Brass and BRASS Mc ih a C0 German Silver Wire. Brazed and Seamless Brass and Copper Tube. ete thin lhahatad attained Copper and Brass Rod. ne ‘i » Babbitt Metals ee THE BRIDGEPORT BRASS 6O., it ee Raha sc Da “ oe BRIDGEPORT, CONN. 19 Murray St., New York. "eee a C A S TI : N G Ss te-07 Peer! Ot Boston. FPOUNDERS— FINISHERS. MANUFACTURERS OF Brass HENDRICKS BROTHERS ano 4 TUBING Belleville Copper Rolling Mills, |COPP®’ | WIRE. Lamp Geeds ef ail] Kinds, Brasicrs’ moe ae mend Sheathing BRASS AND COPPER GOODS Corr EF ___ 12 Greet Varieties, COPPER WIRE AND FACT ENTS, | Mermedznamicn and Chemistry. 4 Importers and Dealers i. tf cae, ey P. 1 he 4 ingot Copper, Block Tin, Spelter, "Lead, Antimony, etc. thorised translation by George K. Bat 49 CLIFF ST., NEW YORK. For sale by David Williams Co., 232 William St., M.Y. ‘CHE TRON AGE THurspay, Aucust 18, 1904. The New Bliss Wire Ring Forming Machine. A wire ring forming machine of a new design has recently been developed by the BE. W. Bliss Company, Brooklyn, N. ¥Y. This is known as the No, 295 continu- ous wire ring machine and is shown in the half-tone here- with. It is entirely automatic in its action, and may be easily adjusted to produce rings of different diameters and of varying sizes of wire. The construction is heavy and durable, as is indicated by the illustration. The machine is double acting in the sense that it forms a ring small as 2144 inches in diameter can be made of 3-32-inch wire or smaller. The total weight of the machine is about 1850 pounds. —— @.-e—__—__ The Production of Asbestos in 1903. WASHINGTON, D. C., August 16, 1904.—The annual re- port of the United States Geological Survey upon asbestos in 1903 states that during 1903 the production of asbestos in the United States was principally from the Sall Moun- tain, White County, Ga., deposits, with smaller quantities * 2 ra Tee hows THE BLISS No, 295 CONTINUOUS WIRE RING MACHINE. at each forward and backward stroke, or each half revo- lution, thus having double the capacity of a single acting machine. The wire is fed to the machine continuously from a reel, and the process consists of first straightening it, forming the ring and cutting off the required length. The normal range of the machine’s work includes the making of rings of from 4 to 28 inches in diameter in stock up to 9-32 inch in size. Rings from 4 to 7 inches in diameter are usually made of 3-16-inch wire, 7 to 10 inches of %4-inch wire and 10 to 28 inches of 9-32-inch wire. The feeds operate during both the forward and backward strokes of the sector gear, making two rings each revolution, as before stated. This, however, includes only rings up to 14 inches in diameter. Those from 14 to 28 inches require two strokes or one revolution of the large gear. By the addition of a special attachment rings as from near Dalton, Berkshire County, Mass., New Hart- ford, Conn., and Grand Cafion, Arizona. The total quan- tity amounted to 887 short tons, valued at $10,760, with an average value of about $19 per ton. This prodaction is a decrease of 118 tons in quantity and an increase of $560 in value as compared with that of 1902, which amounted to 1005 tons, valued at $16,200. This relatively large increase in value is due to the high price per ton received for the product from the Grand Cafion in Arizona, which averaged about $150 per ton. Besides the above production, there were reported about 4000 tons of crude asbestos rock obtained in development work, which have not been treated in any way, and are for the most part stiil ou the mine dumps. The largest quantity of asbestos that has ever been produced in the United States in a single year is 1200 tons. This production RT eee ai ete RT oe SU AS ONTOS IEEE Bs” PRAT ie RE ES SGaneutds aiuaamaar ellie A emp OO ERI SRN ew ea SS | 0 eR ore een (a a I A RR BT IE ACHE Ngee mma 2 THE IRON was obtained in 1882 and was valued at $36,000, or $30 per ton. A very large proportion of the demand for asbestos in the United States is supplied by the imports, which are chiefly derived from the Canadian deposits of the chryso- tile variety. In 1903 the total value of the imports from all sources was $689,327, of which $657,269 was unmanu- factured and $32,058 was manfactured. In 1902 the im- ports ¢<ggregated $762,432. —————~-e—___ The Porter Galvanizing Process Under the heading “ Galvanizing Small Articles,” a de- scription was printeu in The Iron Age of May 26 of a process invented by George Porter of San Francisco, Cal., for removing the excess metal on galvanized articles, so as to leave them evenly coated and preserve unobstructed any irregularities in their surfaces, such as screw threads, slots, &c. Since that time the inventor has been demonstrating the working of his machine in a shop in Brooklyn, N. Y., where those interested have had an op- AGE. August 18, 1904 clined movable bottom, W, over which the articles pass, and is constantly vibrated by cams X, mounted upon a hollow shaft to allow a natural circulation of air through it. The casing is in the form of two intersecting cylin- drical segments, having double sides to accommodate a water jacket. Within the upper and larger part of the casing are two horizontal beaters, C, the shafts of which are also hollow and are journaled within the casing, and within the lower part are similar beaters, D, all being driven by belt. The beaters C rotate outwardly in oppo- site directions, so as to throw the descending articles vio- lently against the walls of the casing, and as they fall tuey are again caught by the beater D and thrown against the lower part of the casing. This agitating removes most of the surplus metal, which falls with the articles through the chute BE into the ascending buckets of the elevatot F. The water jacket serves to keep the casing cool and prevent undue heating of the parts which would be caused by the constant accession of new hot metal. The elevator is driven by belt from the main shaft of the machine. The buckets carry the coated articles THE IRON AGE a SECTIONAL ELEVATION WITH DETAILS OF THE PORTER APPARATUS FOR REMOVING SURPLUS METAL FROM COATED ARTICLES. portunity of inspecting the quality of work turned out and its principle of operation. It has been thought inter- esting to supplement the article previously referred to with a description of the machine itself. With the old process of galvanizing it has always been exceedingly difficult, when not altogether impossible, to galvanize very small articles, such as tacks, screws, hooks and screw eyes, without having a large percentage of them stuck together in masses, and even those pieces which maintained their individuality were usually so roughly coated as to be unfit to use. The nails or other articles to be coated with tin or zinc are first treated as in the ordinary process of galvanizing, by being dipped in acid to clean their surfaces, and then sub- merged in molten coating metal. After being taken from the metal bath, instead of being shaken into water, the articles are introduced into the machine, the construc- tion of which is shown in the accompanying line drawing. While the articles are still hot and the metal on their surfaces is soft they are shaken into the hopper A and are delivered into the casing B. The hopper has an in- up to the upper end of the elevator and, inverting, dis- charge them into the hopper G, from which they fall into the chute H. This is suspended by elastic arms, and is given a shaking motion by an eccentric, so as to gradu- ally advance the material and finally deliver it into cylin- der I. This is mounted upon an approximately horizontal hollow shaft journaled upon the frame as shown, and is revolved by belt connected with the main driving shaft. Water is circulated through the hollow shaft to keep it cool. From a perforated pipe, U, extending above the cylinder water is discharged over the surface of the cylin- der to prevent excessive heat within the apparatus. This water is collected in a hopper, V, and conducted away for further use through a screened outlet. The interior of the cylinder is provided with lifters and agitators so disposed as to constantly lift and drop the articles, and at the same time gradually pass them toward the dis charge end. A blast of air from the fan blower J is de livered through a discharge pipe to the interior of the Gylinder to further cool the passing articles and the cylin- der. At the discharge end of the cylinder the articles are delivered upon an inclined suspended shaking table or chute, K, having a double bottom, as shown. Water is circulated through the space formed between the double bottom, which is supplied through the pipe L, having a flexible section so as not to interfere with the shaking motion. The shaking advances the material along this chute until it is finally delivered at the lower end upon another chute, M, beneath the first chute and inclined in the opposite direction. The second chute also has a water jacketed bottom, and is supplied through a pipe connection and flexible hose. Both these chutes are suspended so that the angle may be altered to increase or decrease the rate of speed with which the material is passed along. The ends of the chutes are connected with the stationary timbers of the frame by springs Y, curved as shown in the detail at the left, their ends being connected to the frame and their centers to the chutes. The elasticity of the springs allows sufficient movement for the chutes and serves as a cushion. The two chutes are connected together by cross bars, as shown, and are reciprocated by the eccentric Z. Another fan blower, N, is arranged to discharge a blast of air against the articles as they fall from the upper to the lower chute to cool them and blow the lighter particles of detached coat- ing metal into the curved chute O, from whence they drop into a receptacle placed beneath the discharge. A valve, T, on the air discharge permits regulating to prevent the galvanized material, when it is of a light nature, from being blown away with the loose metal. The upper fan J has a second discharge, which is directed against the buckets of the elevator on its descending side to keep them cool. The feed from the hopper G upon the chute, which delivers into the cylinder, is regulated by a gate, P, hinged to one side of the hopper and connected by levers to the handle Q, which allows the closing of the gate to regulate the rate of discharge with which the material is passed through the rest of the apparatus, R is a screen bottom chute, which receives the articles and what. ever detached metal has continued with them up to this point. It has a detachable solid bottom which may be placed over the screen when the material which is being passed is of a nature that is apt to catch in the meshes of the screen. When the screen is left uncovered nearly all of the remaining detached metal passes through it and is carried by a solid plate corresponding to the double bot- tom of the chute M down to a receptacle placed beneath the opening at its lower end. The galvanized material and larger pieces or buttons of detached metal which wil) not pass through the screens are delivered to the chute S. This is inclined so as to deliver the articles at right angles to their previous path and drop them into kegs or boxes in which they are to be shipped. The detailed view shown just beneath it indicates the manner in which the final separation of the galvanized articles and loose metal is made. A slide, a, inclined in the opposite direc- tion from S has an adjustable lip, b, which may be ex- tended or withdrawn until it just fails to catch the gal- vanized articles as they fall by gravity from the chute S. The lighter loose metal is not thrown as far as the heavier material, and is caught on this lip and slides down into a suitable receptacle. Six advantages are claimed for the machine by the inventor: It reduces the cost of labor, as with the old process pieces had to be shaken a few at a time, while with this machine they are handled at the rate of 2000 to 3000 pounds per hour; it reduces the cost of metal, as there is less noneffective metal left on the coated ma- terial, and it is not necessary to have the temperature of the bath so high as to cause any considerable vaporiza- tion of the spelter; it cools the material without bring- ing it in contact with water, hence preserves its original malleable condition instead of making it brittle; it will handle anything from a tack to a 60-penny nail, and it does not require a skilled mechanic to operate it. The International Specialty Company, 432 Fair Oaks street, San Francisco, Cal., is the owner of the patents on the machine. oo Julian L, Yale & Co., Chicago, Western Sales agents for the Lackawanna Steel Company, have been granted an extension of territory which gives them the entire August 18, 1904 THE IRON AGE. 3 Western and Northwestern field. They have appointed Rank & Goodell, St. Paul, Minn., subagents. —____ +e —__ The American Forged Steel Pipe Flange. For use in connection with riveted steel pipe and other sheet steel and iron work, the American Forged Steel Flange Company, 64 Wabash avenue, Chicago, is pro- ducing a form of forged pipe flanges. The flanges, a num- Fig. 1.—A Group of Flanges of Various Sizes. ber of which are shown in Fig. 1, are forged from a circular disk of steel, and by means of special dies are formed with a perfectly square corner on the inner edge of the flange, as shown in Fig. 2. The flange is of suffi- cient thickness to withstand extremely high pressure when in use, while the hub, or portion that extends over ~— . YUU rig. [.—Cross Section of One of the Flanges. I} CS the pipe, is thin enough for punching, which is the essen- tial point required when connecting to riveted pipe, as it allows the punching of the pipe and flange at the same time. The flange can be driven tightly on the pipe, and the rivets may be compressed with a power riveter with- out fear of breaking from driving or riveting, thus in- suring a perfect joint. The manner of connecting the Sill! SK [es Dp yj y Y YA y Y 1 i! SSS vmia Ss Fig. 3.—Cross Section through Rivet Hole, Showing Method of Attaching to Pipe. flange to the pipe is shown in Fig. 3. The flanges are usually furnished without bolt or rivet holes. They are forged from the best grade of soft steel and are made in ten sizes, to fit piping from 3 to 14 inches in diameter, inclusive. —_———_4+-o______ Destructive Drought in Germany. — A phenomenal drought has caused great damage throughout Germany this summer, which, according to United States Consul- General Mason, at Berlin, threatens to paralyze immedi- ately many important branches of industry. The damage is not alone to crops, although that is bad enough; but the lack of rain has a direct effect on means of trans- portation. Germany is traversed by a network of canals, which are the highways of a large commerce upon which some of the largest industries of the empire depend. Rail rates are so high that the great bulk of coarse and heavy freight, such as coal, ores, metals and lumber, is carried on the canals. The canals are fed by rivers, and the un- usually light rainfall this summer has caused low water in nearly all the standard waterways. Se ee a eee ae. Ee ie neowenaen s wee eae eee . — ae} a soon a eet ond ae —— fo ie rer em Meet mm) emer toe or ete et ee 4 THE IRON The Theisen Centrifugal Gas Washer, Tle utilization of waste gases, such as are produced in blast furnaces, coke ovens, &c., for internal combustion engines and other industrial purposes, requires that they first be thoroughly purified. Many schemes for accom- plishing this have been tried, with varying degrees of success, but the objection to most of them has been that they were inefficient or uneconomical in their perform- ance. Recently an apparatus has been invented in Ger- many by Eduard Theisen of Miinchen, which has demon- strated its ability to perform the work very satisfactorily. This is known as the Theisen centrifugal gas washer and is illustrated herewith. The fundamental principle of the process is the forc- AGE. August 18, 1904 paratus, where the coarse dust is thrown into the rotating layer of washing water and is immediately withdrawn near the gas inlet, while the lighter particles are being dampened by the steam. The moistened particles, con- tinuing their way, are gradually absorbed and condensed with the steam by the passing washing water. The water deposits the dust which it has taken up in a settling tank, where the water is cleaned and used over repeatedly. The required degree of purity is the factor that de- termines the power necessary to wash a certain quantity of gas. It is stated that from 4 to 5 horse-power is suf- THE IRON AGE Fig. 1.—Plan and Elevation of a Gas Purifying Plant Containing Four No. 6 Theisen Washers, »s aie = it -_— 7x fs = _—_ BS (a) (2 (2s) (2) (2 WATER INLETS tj Z Yj tj Y Y ff Ly Yj Y GAS OUTLET SECTION ON CD Fig. 2.—Longitudinal and Transverse Sections of a Theisen Centrifuga) Gas Washer. ing of a counterstream of water in the form of a thin liquid film into frictional contact with the entering gas to absurb and condense its impurities. The effectiveness of the action is enhanced by causing the hot gases to meet initially the coldest portion of the circulating fluid. Thereafter the fluid traveling in a long spiral stream in the opposite direction to the gas thoroughly abstracts the heat from the gas and is partially vaporized. Thus the gas is cooled very rapidly, and simultaneously is moistened by the steam produced. During this part of the process the fine flaky particles of dust in the gas are separated from it, assisted by the cooling and condensing of the mixture of warm damp gas and steam, The gas next enters the centrifugal part of the ap- ficient to purify 35,315 cubic feet of blast furnace gas per hour where the allowable impurity is 5 per cent. In the accompanying line drawings, Fig. 1 shows the general arrungement in plan and elevation of a plant con- taining four centrifugal gas washers. The unpurified gas is conveyed in the pipe B and follows the course indi- cated by the arrows. D is the pipe through which the gas passes after being washed, and C is the regulating valve. The tanks from which the washing water is sup- plied are shown at Tl and T2. Al, A2, A8 and A4 are the washing machines, each driven by its individual motor G. The water is admitted to the machines through the inlets El, E2, E3 and E4, and after being used is discharged through the outlets F1, F2, F3 and F4, from August 18, 1904 which it is conveyed by pipes not shown to the settling tanks H1 and H2. From these it passes to the pumping tank P1 and is delivered by the pumps P, P and P back to the tanks Tl and T2. This plant, with four of the No. 6 washers, will clean 120,000 cubic feet of warm gas per minute, Fig. 2 gives a longitudinal and transverse section of one of the washers, showing its construction more in detail. The water enters through the four inlets shown and comes at once in contact with the spiral blades un the drum, causing a film of water to work toward the gas inlet, where it meets the dust and impurities in the gas. The impurities are removed and fall to the bottom of the casing, where they pass out through the water outlet. The washed gas is then discharged through the gas out- let, as shown. The means of driving the drum by a direct connected electric motor is clearly indicated in the longitudinal section. According to the claims of the inventor, this appara- tus, used in connection with a blast furnace plant to purify the stove gas, will effect a saving that will pay for its cost in a little more than a year. If the air heaters for heating the blast air are supplied with the ordinarily dirty gas they will require cleaning probably every four weeks to preserve satisfactory operation, as a large quan- tity of dust in the gas very soon materially impairs the efficiency of the heaters. Such a frequent stopping of the work results in a considerable waste of heat, which becomes an important item in the course of a year. It is this loss that the washers are intended to prevent, and at the same time the higher temperatures which they make possible are of advantage in effecting another great saving. The apparatus is made in Germany by the inventor, at Mitinchen; in England, by Richardson, Westgarth & Cc., Hartlepool, and in Belgium by the Société John Cockerill, Seraing. Gas washers of this type are now in operation for the purification of 14,000,000 cubic feet of gas per hour, and are in course of erection for 21,000,000 cubic feet per hour. ——_s- o____—- Persons visiting the big engine in Machinery Hall at the St. Louis World’s Fair, where the enormous Allis- Chalmers-Bullock 5000 horse-power steam electric unit is the largest ever shown at an exposition, will have an opportunity of seeing beside it the smallest operating steam engines in the fair. These little fellows, which are made with an accuracy and finish like clockwork, stand THE IRON AGE. 5 in a glass case just across an aisle from the big engine, in the space occupied by the International Steam Pump Company. There are two of them now operating, each working a direct connected pump and throwing their tiny streams into a copper tank which stands between them. OS Improved Electric Drive on a 30-Inch American Lathe, An unusually interesting arrangement of motor drive is provided on the 30-inch American engine lathe shown in the accompanying illustration and built by the Ameri- ean Tool Works Company, Cincinnati, Ohio. In common practice motor driven lathes are fitted with variable speed motors, even though their cost is greater. The im- portant feature of this drive is that a constant speed motor is employed, using either direct or alternating current, and the various spindle speeds are obtained mechanically through an all geared head stock. The essen- tial parts of the latter are a patented clutch and gear ee AMERICAN 60-INCH LATHE DRIVEN BY CONSTANT SPEED MOTOR. mechanism of simple form, in that it has a small num- ber of gears and shafts. By manipulating levers 1 and 2, shown at the front of head, and 3, shown at the lower right hand corner of the head, 16 distinct and positive spindle speeds are possible, ranging in geometrical pro- gression from 3.8 to 246 revolutions per minute, This wide range, obtained entirely through mechanical means, is sufficient to cover the ordinary work of this lathe. The simple construction allows the gears and shafts to be made of large diameters and hence of great strength. The change gear mechanism is neatly incased and all parts are readily accessible for lubricating. The motor is rigidly mounted above the head stock. A nonreversible constant speed motor may be used if desired, as the reverse is obtained mechanically through the horizontai rod mounted above the lathe, where it is out of the way, yet conveniently near the operator. The advantage of this device is that the strain on the motor caused by frequent or sudden reversing is avoided. Starting and stopping, as well as reversing of the ma- chine, are readily accomplished without interfering with the motor, which may be allowed to run at a continuous constant speed. The lathe may be converted at any time into a belt driven machine by replacing the motor by a single pulley mounted on the upper shaft. RS Sn ne pte a ee ee 6 THE IRON AGE. Colorado Fuel & Iron Company’s Affairs. The Colorado Fuel & Iron Company, Denver, Col., has exercised its option on the Sunrise iron mining properties in Central Wyoming, involving over 1000 acres, embrac- ing 71 claims of about 20 acres each. This is the con- summation of a contract made several years ago by which the company operated these mines, with the right to purchase, but the properties developed such min- eral wealth that the owners sought by legal means to prevent the exercise of the option and the sale of the ety, PP Y Wp Vi 1 iH Pa Ty eS a Y rae) VAULT 0 Te a 0 TE, TP TA ae Mg EXPANSION CRACK August 18, 1904 tion. The same may be said of the rod mills, wire mills, nail factories, &c. eenreeetnga amass The Hartman-Kennedy Fire Brick Stove. BY JOHN M. HARTMAN AND JOHN 8S. KENNEDY. A plant consisting of three fire brick stoves and an equalizer was designed by us for the Musconetcong Iron Works, at Stanhope, N. J., and was recently erected under | | | | —_—-—> > ” | | —+—— -0'0 rt FE Pt Mp Wo a a tO ge ——— 10 0—- —- - - - - C O aN | a : > RT Ai kK \ = SS Ed as TMC IRON AGE Sectional Elevation. THE HARTMAN-KENNEDY FIRE BRICK STOVE. land. The company also owns an extremely large acreage of coal lands, together with 3200 coke ovens, and the iron, coal and coke are largely used in its plant at Pueblo. Official denial is made of the sensational stories printed in Colorado papers to the effect that millions of dollars are to be spent shortly in enlarging and improv- ing the steel works, as officers state that the present equipment suffices for the present demand and that their whole effort now is being directed to reorganizing the company’s finances. The company has five blast furnaces completed, all large and modern in their appointments, with the sixth one well advanced, but upon which construction has been temporarily suspended, The Bessemer plant is en- tirely new and well equipped, and capable of doing great work. The rail mill is now making more than 1000 tons per day, and while the material is on the ground for the installation of a new one of greater capacity, the officials do not, under the existing demand, feel pressing need for its installation and it will be held in abeyance until conditions improve. The basic open hearth plant of six 50-ton furnaces is in operation and is a thoroughly modern, up to date plant, working with perfect satisfac- * the supervision of John S. Kennedy, the general manager of the works. In the construction of the stoves the fol- lowing improvements were designed: Each stove is pro- vided with an external combustion chamber, which is a horizontal cylinder 12 feet long by 5 feet diameter in the clear. The gas is admitted to this combustion chamber by a 21-inch opening, and after its ignition passes into the stove by two 30-inch necks. The object of these external chambers is to make perfect combustion of the gases before passing them into the stoves, to provide for the deposition of flue dust where it can readily be blown out and where any fused or clinkered material can be easily reached and removed. The scorification of the brick work composing the arches and walls of stoves provided with combustion chambers in the first pass, caused by the high temperature and the fusing of ore dust on the fire brick work of the stove walls, is a serious matter, and the repairs are expensive. With the ex- ternal combustion chambers we find that nearly all the flue dust is deposited outside of the stoves and that it is readily removed. Another great advantage is that the gas is admitted to the stove through two passages, thus breaking up the volume of gas into two currents, which August 18, 1904 insures more thorough oxidation and also overcomes the dangers incident to the impinging upon the stove walls of a highly heated gas flame confined within narrow lim- its. The outside combustion chamber increases the heat- ing surface and also allows for additional regenerative space in the stove itself. THE IRON AGE. and the regenerators are filled with 2 x 2 inch passages with 14-inch walls. The plant is equipped with two re- cording Uehling-Steinbart pyrometers, one of which is attached to the hot blast main on each side of the equal- izer. The records taken from the stoves show the fa- miliar saw tooth line caused by the decrease in tempera- EYE SIGHT d it7 ‘ain OOOR TEA SOOO bo S " SEL as ,; L ' 15 CLEANING °° 0 Gaye Tg > Prod? 16 PISTON BLOW VALVE _ i. S t : *| & | HKG hifi eS oe 4 - j Hy Y i <& i 2 71 2 i | ; + 4 { \ S y + \ 4 30 CHIMNEY VALVE j - nT ir tT i ~ | A, } i Ss SL 24 COLD AIR VALVE SSS ° “a - rS—fort} 11} So 122404099 iy) 15‘ CLEANING van —— Hae age 4 Z » Ge a7 = 7 cea — 1 Gh 4 Z (i ys Sane The IRON AGE << LA 2 0: LPF, Wrs'piston suow VALVE i ; eve signt ~- — —-14-6 a Cross Section of Stove. The stoves are of the Hartman two-pass type, provid- ed with a heavy 18-inch partition wall in the first re- generator pass. The stoves are 19 feet in diameter by 76 feet to top of dome. The three stoves contain 106,500 square feet of heating surface. The openings in the first ce ture of the hot blast during the period the stove is on wind, but the cards taken from the equalizer show a straight line, indicating the average temperature of the blast. This stove plant has been in operation for six months and there has been no difficulty in keeping the PYROMETER HOUSE = "a —S \y a yj y “ ae ad ! Ai ' Tet) ‘<a * = = Sats ey ~ COLD AIR 9 MAIN THE pron AGE Fig. 3.—The Upper Drawing Shows the Plan of the Stoves and the Lower Drawing is an Elevation of the Equalizer and External Combustion Chambers. regenerator pass are 9 x 9 inches, with 9-inch walls, and in the second pass 5 x 5 inches, with 2%-inch walls. These stoves will heat 22,000 cubic feet of air per minute and with the equalizer will give an average uniform tempera- ture of 1200 degrees. The equalizer, which is the first to be erected in this country, is 12 feet 6 inches diameter by 19 feet 9 inches to top of dome. There are two passes for the hot blast, stoves clean, and the equalizer has proved thoroughly satisfactory. Each stove is supplied with two chimney valves, which insures a more regular distribution of the hot products of combustion in the second pass and a more uniform draft. The first application of two chimney valves to a fire brick stove was made at Andover Furnace, Phillipsburg, N. J., April, 1885. The first patent for an equalizer was granted to F. W. Gordon in 1886. ee >, “ sah ine any ieecrce ey ne ERE PY ee, Renin a aserte 6 ener . et atebanasicaeendcmatinel fe ssacaa ROBIE TO FRO) yet ceuadiitdecodmunes aie Aine i maees —_ Saree : A eS 8 THE IRON AGE. The Southern Coal Mining Situation, Latest reports from Alabama indicate the determina- tion on the part of the large coal mining companies to fix their own terms for miners’ wages. The Sloss-Sheffield Steel & Iron Company has posted its own scale of wages at its mines, which compares as follows with the union scale paid last year, both scales being based on the mar- ket price of pig iron: Last Year’s Scale. Sloss-Sheffield Scale. Miners’ Miners’ wages wages Price of per ton Price of per ton pig iron of coal. pig iron. of coal. OB.G0 OF 1ONB. 2.0 sen vale $0.47% $9.00 or less......... $0.45 DRO sn ictuseeateass 50 ] RE ree * 47% Ds nak Ne Renee ae 521% BOBic:0.s cnet ieee 50 Pi a vtnwkwiiwieds 55 SIDR 2s Ftaerumedewe 52 3.60 OF OVOE ic sc cies 57% IDG 6 0 06s eso teee 55 Bei cv0r os seeeere 57% The Alabama Consolidated Coal & Iron Company is reported to have signed a temporary contract with its union miners, as it has no convicts to draw from, and iia s a) i 3 ' f7, AL} hy LLY, > Lb] wi —- > | \ + - — -440%4 ' |DOME RINGS a. = oe + 30" 4" , be a \\ KY ORT aT G oh bt WELL nies pote THE IRON AGE August 18, 1904 than for many years past. This also brings about a re- duction in the quantity of pig tin used, with the result that there will be large stocks of both carried over until next year. The advance in the price of sugar will have an im- portant effect on the prosperity of the Hawaiian Islands and our own home growers of beet sugar. Owing to the low price of sugar for about three years past, trade be- tween San Francisco and the Hawaiian Islands has fal- len off. But with this improvement it will go back again tou where it was; indeed, our exports there may be larger than ever they were, because there has been a great increase in the sugar production of the islands. A few years since, when the latter were at the high tide of prosperity, our exports thither of iron and steel and other manufactures exceeded $5,000,000 in a year; and half of that was machinery, most of which was manufactured in this city. Another very large item was sheet iron pipe, which is also a home manufacture. The recent decision of the Pacific Mail Company to prevent its steamers stopping at Japanese ports until all ice cs ko es dees Se as ae THA AY s Se HAG He ad ‘ i pee “2 HEMBRHAAL ARORA Ee - ADDGARADA THAT SETRIARRTACAGI ZB SPATE TE Er te H+ pot SPT ATI IATIERTASETREAGE SEERA ASO TEAS 1 | re TH fete thee ded PeATMUTMMRR REE Ht HH Ht | = { i r ’ spite bed eS i P+ 44 + a | A lel i alll Th | | yn \ g ChEANING [oY poors \ ee ik \ % Ba SECTION A B. THE IRON AGE Sectional Elevations of Equalizer. in case of strike would either have to go through the process of introducing nonunion labor into all its plants or would be absolutely at a standstill, while the larger companies have convict coal sufficient to supply a number of furnaces. The furnace operators have no organiza- tion and it would seem that there are no mutual obliga- tions among them, except the reported agreement be- tween those who have started their mines on the open shop basis. a ee Pacific Coast News. San Francisco, Car., August 6, 1904.—Work at our various foundries, machine shops, &c., is fairly active, although, as in most other lines of business, matters are quiet compared to what they have been. In the general hardware and iron and steel business, trade has been fair for this time of the year, particularly in building hard- ware. Had it not been for this, matters would, without doubt, have been dull. Theexchangesat the Clearing House for the month of July were somewhat smaller than those for the same month last year, but the falling off was but slight. Large imports of gold from Japan, month after month since last December, have helped to swell the clearings. We have been looking, as usual, for the outcome of the crops, as have the industrial and financial circles of the East, and while our farmers and orchardists will be reasonably prosperous this year, a certain proportion of them will be disappointed. There has been a great falling off in the salmon pack of. the North, at least 40 per cent., which means a very large reduction in the amount of tin plates used. The total will be much less HOT _AIR MAIN * IW GEE SESS EYE siGhT 2" Pipe Y BUILT IN BRICK WALL__ Nee THE IRON AGE <<) ; ? ~ . o° i oe poor 8 Cross Section of Equalizer. danger from hostile cruisers has passed will lessen our Oriental exports considerably. Since the beginning of the year the greater part of the merchandise shipped on these steamers was for Japanese ports. This was more particularly the case in hardware, machinery, bi- cycles, steel rails and other articles of that kind. Now this will be cut off completely. The loss will be felt par- ticularly by Eastern manufacturers and merchants, inas- much as hardly 40 per cent. of these goods originated on tthe Pacific Coast. J. 0. L. August 18, 1904 The Methodical Distribution of Shop Costs.—I. BY H. H. KRESS. Shop records and systems have become a matter of great importance in large manufacturing plants, concern- ing which much has been written. Many systems have been advanced, but the devising of a simple, effective and economical system which includes the preservation of an accurate record of the estimating cost of work is evolved with considerable careful study and thought. The fault among existing systems is that they are not complete. Trouble often arises in growing concerns be- cause the old methods become antiquated and the shops daily increasing their facilities in output do not give proper consideration to the compiling of the costs of finished product. Owing to the fluctuations in the price of iron, fuel and supplies manufacturers are able to purchase at low prices at certain periods, and only at market prices at other times. This has led to the difficulty in establish- ing the true cost of production. Competition is great, and where estimates of expenditures and returns are not worked out completely the manufacturer is tempted to meet the selling prices of his competitors without being certain that the work will insure profit. The alert foun- dryman to-day seldom quotes pound prices on foundry work in an off-hand manner by simply looking over the blue prints and patterns. The costs must be estimated under fair conditions and the selling prices based on the actual cost, with a certain percentage added for the gross and net profit. On all large inquiries for work due al- lowance must be made for a rising market, and where the shop has no contracts for material, or if the work will require additional contracts to be made, the esti- mate must be figured accordingly. Cautious managers use the latest methods and strive to arrive at satisfac- tory results with the least amount of attention to de- tails, endeavoring to keep an intelligent oversight on the prospects and progress of their business by methodical comparisons. Indeed, this is required of the manager by all corporations operating plants of to-day, and gen- erally they desire that he shall know the exact and sep- arate cost of every job that goes through the shop. The author will endeavor to show how this has been accom- plished in a large manufacturing plant which has, in ad- dition to a large foundry with core room and pattern storage building, a pattern shop, machine shop, fitting shop, blacksmith shop, cleaning department with its tumbler room, office and draughting room. The prin- ciples could be applied to a great many shops, and it is believed that a complete exposition of the system will be of widespread interest and value. The forms have been developed with careful deliberation, as have also the methods of distributing and dividing the costs. The progress will be explained step by step, showing how the records are treated when an inquiry is received and an estimate made of it, when the order is booked and en- tered and the work recorded in its various departments until it is finished and shipped and the profit noted; how the records are transferred by convenient methods so as to permit quick reference and afford an indication of the progress of the work at any time, and that the cor- rect distribution of costs is not the work of an account- ant merely, but rather of an engineer having some knowledge of the best accounting methods. In order to make available the benefits to be derived from comparisons the cost of maintaining a system of this sort is not high compared with the advantages. The illustrations are shown with their headings in full, to- gether with the size and color of each. Loose leaf books are used, making the system perpetual and easily adapted to changes for any line of work. Operating Expense, First of all, in calculating the cost of running a plant there are certain fixed charges for maintenance, or, as they are called in this sytem, the “operating expense.” This includes rent, if there is any, salaries of directors and officers, office force, superintendents, foremen of the THE IRON AGE. 9 various departments, engineers, firemen, watchman and all help on the nonproductive labor salary list. General repairs to the plant, insurance, advertising, minor im- provements and depreciation of the plant are also ac- counted for as a part of the operating expense. Depre- ciation should first be taken as a small part of the total value of a plant, and be increased each succeeding year as wear and tear become greater. The various expenses connected with the office, such as telephone service, sta- tionery, incidental office expenses and various supplies for the different departments, including coal for the boil- ers, lighting, heating and water supply, are all finally MANHOLE COVER ANO FRAME Brit OF MATERIAL Arena DESCRIPTION. | PATTING MH TReaowett &Co OF WK 95-97 LIBERTY. S7. NEW YORK. Scale /2/-0” LOCHING BAR A ltocnive PLATE | . 4_{ STEEL fresor Ye | /_ |AvBER| GASHET GY, THA, D.65. 4-42.03-C4L 4 Fig. 1—Plan and Sectior of Manhole Casting, with Frame and Cover. included in the operating expense and summed up under the heading in the general ledger. This operating ex- pense, being previously figured, may be loose leafed into terms of a certain percentage of the productive labor, which percentage is added to the total shop costs, as shown in the estimate sheet later on. From time to time this percentage will change, according to the size of the productive pay roll account, and should be frequently checked. It will be shown how the debit and credit sides of this account in the general ledger will approximately balance at the end of each month. Estimating. In compiling the estimate sheet iliustrated herewith the author has not attempted to use the exact figures for the work in question, but has taken arbitrarily the first ones that came to his mind. They suffice, however, as they are intended only to give a clear idea of the system, making it plain, concise and at the same time complete. The description is taken from the author’s own experi- ence after having noted the results covering the past two years. A simple example of a piece of work to be done has been taken, but it serves to show the general practice which may be applied to conditions existing in most manufacturing plants, whether they have more or less departments. Fig. 1 presents a print of the complete working drawing of a cast iron manhole cover and frame, showing it in plan and section. The inquiry is THE IRON AGE. ei 50% 10]: a RECAPITULATION Summary oF TRANSFERS. * MISCELLANEOUS CHARGES UNLOADING LOADING CLEANING FITTING “ MOULDING SnoP Cost neal Coane: ; FIXED CHARGES ___ 9¥\37| TOTAL SHOP Cost “ LUMBER cost 90| FLASKS PATTERN LaBoR 160| FLASKS MDULDING ¥\" MATERIAL Cost 73)" Macwinist _/\62\" CORE IRONS, FLASKS ; 74\" FREIGHT@ /2F PER 100 ues 3\¢s| NET PRoFIT Dac (FOS Estimated by 7. Date | MiISCEL f - /0 ; 56 ! | 2 / 65 lye) 25\67 /2\84 | | Ly : % CLIT Jest_o Em Address Yeu York . Macnine Cost Estimate No._/00 __ COC Founory Cosr wet TST TT TT TTT TT TT Mase] [ST TT Ss 3] 3] 8) eT eieisisy | TTT ty mm) | TT tt aslo te) Se BE 3} =) MYERSTOWN PENNA. ESTIMATE SHEET. ° O 2 = & > ac oO = 2 2 x uJ => 3 a Ww lJ x= -e Patrean Cosr s 3 eee - | z | : | iJ | | 1 g | < “| > 2 | coor | | | = Pn SOAS DGARW lcci ie ‘ ; PSS p ee EY Fig. 2.—Estimate Sheet (8 x 24 Inches, White). August 18, 1904 received by the sales department for the price of the work to be delivered complete, f.o.b. cars New York. The print shows the bill of material listed with the number of pieces, names and the pattern marked on each piece. The sales department turns the print over to the estimat- ing department. Fig. 2 shows the estimating sheet, which is then filled out, giving the number of the job, its title and the name of the pros- pective customer. The material is then listed and the work to be fur- nished is considered. The different kinds of material required are spec- ified under subheadings, so as to permit the making of a summary of the totals required for any particu- lar classes. Prices for material to be used in the work and not manu- factured in the shops must be ob- tained and the material bought. The estimating department prepares the routing cards, Fig. 3, filling in the headings and estimating the weights of the iron required. These cards are sent with the print to the foremen of the various departments, who insert the hours of labor and expenditures required for the work im their departments. This insures am accurate estimate of the neces- sary labor, and the cards are then returned to the office. The selling department next receives the esti- mate sheet and the routing cards, and the clerk inserts the estimated ‘time in the proper columns, and the calculated amounts to be expended are figured, the labor cost heing reckoned as the number of hours on each piece multiplied by the num- ber of pieces and the shop rate ap- plying to each department. This shop rate is usually the average of the wages prevailing in the depart- ment to which it applies. To the shop cost is added the fixed charges or operating expense. For illus- trating the working of this system the percentage of operating expense is taken as 50 per cent., and the total shop costs are the figures to base the working profit on and may be taken at whatever percentage it is wished to base the selling price on. Material cost is then considered and the items, names and amounts of each class are summed under their subheadings. To the total ex- pense of necessary material can also be added a profit. It should be noted that the costs of iron flasks and core irons molded in the foundry for use on the job include the cost of necessary pattern work, the mold- ing and, if necessary, any machine work or labor, and also such mate- rial as bolts and pins. The esti- mated job is given credit for all iron and material which can be used again or utilized as scrap. In case of remelting the loss in weight of the cast iron is taken into consid- eration. If the flasks and core irons are not remelted after the work they were originally in- tended for is completed, they are taken into the flask and core THE August 18, 1904 iron part of the plant equipment accounts. These stock accounts are, therefore, only considered at their true valuation in the inventory, the total material for the work, as estimated, being added to the total cost. The item of freight is also inserted, based on the total ton- nage at the rate applying to such freight. The expens