The Iron Age 1904-03-10: Vol 73 Iss 10

> + ; ue THE [ROs#2-4AGE Soe ee A Review of the Hardware, Iron, Machinery and Metal Trades. Published every Thursday Morning by David Williams Co., 232-238 William St... New York, —_— Vol. 73: No. ro. New York, Thursday, March 10, 1904. SAO0 4 Xess, ineradiog Baege Single Copies, 15 Cen Reading Matter Contents........ page 620 OOOO Alphabetical Index to Advertisers “‘ Classified List of Advertisers... ‘‘ Advertising and Subscription Rates ‘‘ DOUBLE HAMMER GUNS Retailing at $20—$23—$25, are preferred because of their wearing and shooting qualities. They have the reputation of Standing the Racket. This reputation and the advertising behind them make them easy to sell—and iistol’s Patent Stee! Belt Lacing, they stay sold. Remington advertising material sent to dealers on request. SAVES THE REMINGTON ARMS CO., - ILION, N. Y. bag aga 313-315 Broadway, New York. 86-88 First Street, San Francisco, Cal. Grostesticrene® To FuusHED omy With Least Me Send fer Circulars and Free Samples. / BSAMSON SPOT CORD GAHAL | BO) | Lt RS See Page 112, SAMSON ceaaes ceuiimeaen REGULAR PATTERN. 9 : TURNBUCKLES. : ¢ ° y z 3 2 i: Tapewe OFrse INalls - Cevoland Oe Forge Gein ee 0, > ‘ — |< NEW yorK Branches: PORTLAND, ORE., 7 jse Zz ) 0 PHILADELPHIA, BUFFALO, 5 ‘ =o Egee i CHICAGO, DETROIT, BALTIMORE, | ace ME Se |)“ sr. LOUIS, CINCINNATI, NEW ORLEANS, v : tl oa g“s f BOSTON, SAN FRANCISCO, DENVER. > ¢ a me J a 1 —— | Ja THE CAPEWELL HORSE NAIL GCO., Hartford, Conn. 7 : glow Phosphorus Pig.| ; FO. ® BB MLING& GRANE, Esselte: Exe = EE E—— Jenkins ’96 Packing On NONE BETTER, as it makes joint instantly and will < last as long as the metals which hold it. PAG E 24 NONE CHEAPER, as it weighs less tham many 4 others sold at equal price per pound. 4 the Remember, all genuine stamped with Trade-Mark. a American __ JENKINS BROS BROS., New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago, London. . 66 99 a Sheet & Tin Plate Co. “SMa” Gold Road Ste at rawing « STampiag publishes an enumeration — AMERICAN TUBE & STAMPING COMP SEE 26 (Water and Rail Delivery Briperrort, Comyn. PAGE 5 [Water and Rail DeGvery) CC Snrperrost, Comm. PAGE 6s MAGNOLIA METAL. Best Anti-Friction Metal for all Machinery Bearings. Fac-Simile of Bar. , Be of the various kinds of Iron and Steel Sheets and lin and Terne Plates vhich are produced at imitations. * its several works. ren MAGNOLIA METAL CO. *| Owners and Sole Manufacturers, {13-115 Bank Street, San Francisco, New Orleans, Montreal, Pittsburg and Philadel Chicago, Fisher Bldg. MEW YORK, Erdoc Sekt aces... We manafectare si fe 2, F Se ee — «Gee eee oe 2 THE IRON AGE. A\Nsonia Bjrass B R A §§ gn THE PLUME & ATWooD MFG. ot, MANUFACTURERS OF ® Corren Co: = Sheet and Roll Brass BRASS AND COPPER COPPER VUTIR e Seamless Tubes, Sheets, Rods and Wire. PRINTERS’ BRASS, JEWELERS’ METAL, GERMAN eee GERM AN SHEET o GILDING METAL, COPPER Rivets Tobin Bronze) SILVER igen Condenser Plates,Pump Linings, Round, Square and Hexagon Bars, for Pump {LOW BRASS. SHEET BRONZE./ 29 murray sI., NEW YORK. Piston Rods and Bolt Forgings Seamless Tubes for Boilers SEAMLESS BRASS AND COPPER 144 eae Ee san ee ee TUBING. BRAZED BRASS AND > 99 John Street, ._ * New York. HOLLING MILL ! FACTORIES : sania BRONZE TUBING. : : : : : : : :|__THOMASTON, CONN. | WATERBURY, CONN, Randolph-Clowes Co. Main Office and Mill, WATERBURY, CONN. MANUFACTURERS OF SHEET BRASS & COPPER. BRAZED BRASS & COPPER Trimmings, &c. WATERBURY BRASS C0.,|[ SCOVILLMEG. CO. WATERBURY, CONN. BRASS, 130 Centre St., New York. Providence, R. I. GERMAN SILVER Sheets, Rolis, Wire Brace Shele, Cupe, Hinges, “yy Buttons, Lamp Coods. «UBES. Meta 0., SPECIAL BRASS GOODS TO ORDER SEAMLESS BRASS BRIDGEPORT, CONN.: Factories, WATERBURY, CONN. & COPPER TUBES $ | Automobile Castings a Specialty.|B yew YORK, CHICAGO, BOSTON. TO 36 IN. DIAM High Tensile Strength. New York Office, 253 Broadway, Postal Telegraph Building, Room 715. Chicago Office, 602 Fisher Bldg. « - mm a NE Bronze and Aluminum Alloys. JOHN DAVOL & SONS, AGENTS FOR -Write Us. Brooklyn Brass & Copper Co, ‘Matthiessen & Hegeler Zinc Co., COPPER, TIN, SPELTER, LA SALLE, ILLINOIS. 100 John Street, = New York, LEAD, ANTIMONY. SMELTERS OF SPELTER htipliinek s/Arthur T. Rutter SHEET ZINC AND SULPHURIC ACID. SUCCESSOR TO Waaaeal Wipes on eaten aimed abe WILLIAM S. FEARING Tre ee 256 Broadway, NEW YORK. ZINCS FOR LECLANCHE BATTERY. Small tubing in Brass, Coppe', Steel, Aluminum, German Silver, &c. Sheet Brass, Copper and Ger- WENN ree J.RYAN & GO, German Sliver Wire” Brose 0 Copper and Brass Rod. 88-74 West oe St 23 Best Bronze, Babbitt nn oti ne Alominun ee *PHONO-ELEGTRIG FOUNDERS— FINISHERS. "TROLLEY, ww. G&G ROWELL & CO., Bridgeport, Conn. TELEPHONE and HENDRICKS BROTHERS — mmfehurs Belleville Copper Rolling Mills, | LINES. Braziers’ Bolt and Sheathing pitts: BRIDGEPORT BRASS 00, COPPER, Conn. 19 Murray St., New Yo: Tinporters and Dealers fn sts seabol Sr ina gfe Ingot Copper, Block Tin, Spelter, Lead, Antimony, etc. gow. ry By F, Bemew Hutton. ce $8.00 49 CLIFF ST., NEW YORK. Fer sale by David Williams Co., 232 William St. "."- k. COPPER WIRE AND EIOEV BPS. | The Gas Engine. A treatise on the 10 — pares 00 ee RK. per, ver, per: and and ube. ‘THE IRON AGE THURSDAY MARCH I0, 1904. A New Electrically Driven Radial Drill. There are several interesting features embodied in the electrically driven radial drill which the Dreses Ma- chine Tool Company of Cincinnati, Ohio, have just per- fected, but the most important improvement is found in the electric drive which has been applied to it. The lat- ter, it will be seen, is comprised of a constant speed motor connected by means of a toothed chain to a speed able, so that it may be interposed between any of the other six pairs of gears, completing and bringing into action the proper train, so as to furnish the desired speed. With the exception of the largest driven gear on the variable speed shaft, all of the gears on the two main shafts are fixed to their shafts. The large gear on the variable speed shaft is fastened by means of a pawl and ratchet gripping arrangement, which grips the shaft and rotates it when the power is imparted through the gear to Tre IRON Ace The Dreses 60-Inch Radial Drill Driven by a Constant Speed Motor through a Speed Variator. variator. Being on the side of the box containing the feed changing mechanism, the rheostat is placed in a convenient position, as this centralizes all of the appa- ratus controlling the speed of the machine. The speed variator has two shafts, each containing seven gears, which are so proportioned as to give seven changes of speed in geometrical progression. The changes are accomplished, however, without bringing the gears ov the two main shafts directly in mesh with one another. A system of idler pinions is employed to effect the changes. Two of these pinions are used, one being stationary, to keep the driven shaft revolving at the lowest speed when the machine is being operated at this speed and while other changes are being made,, and the other being mov- . the shaft, but allows the shaft to run freely when the shaft itself is from another source revolved at a speed greater than that at which the gear is running. Connec- tion between this ratchet gear and the smallest gear on the driving or constant speed shaft is formed by an idler pinion in a fixed position, which causes the large driven or ratchet gear to always run at the slowest speed. As long as the ratchet gear drives its shaft the machine is, of course, in operation at the lowest speed. When it is desired to increase this speed, however, the second idler is brought into play. This is fastened to the sliding lever protruding from the side of the variator, as shown in the engraving. In the rear this lever swings on a bridle. The lever, with its interme | ye prarae erase a ai ee eet ee oe ™ aS ae 2 THE IRON AGE. diate pinion, is shifted from one side to the other of the planed ways, on which it rests until the pinion is brought into the proper position to give the desired feed. At the handle of this lever there is a spring latch, which when released locks the lever in the proper position, a plunger entering one of the drilled holes shown on. the side sur- face of the slide. This locks the lever as to lifting strain, and to secure it against horizontal motion a knobed pin is placed vertically through the lever into hioles drilled in the upper surface of the slide corre- sponding to those on the side. The holes for locking the sliding’ lever are accurately drilled, to suit the correct positions of the intermediate pinion relative to the cone gears which it is to connect. The mechanism is such that no engagement of the cone gears can be made unless the intermediate is in the correct position. The interposing of the intermediate between any of the six pairs of cone gears, of course, ac- celerates the speed of the variable speed shaft. When this is done the shaft runs ahead of the pawl on the ratchet gear and the latter continues to rotate idly at a lower speed. When the movable idler is again disen- gaged from the cone gears, the pawl falls into place again and the ratchet gear resumes its work in driving the variable speed shaft. In order to take up the shock of rapidly changing from low to high speeds, and vice versa, a frictional connection between the drill shaft and the variator is introduced. This friction is similar to a planer friction, and is so adjusted as to carry the heaviest load of the machine, but no more. As to the construction of the machine proper the fol- lowing points are of interest: The outside column of the machine swings on an inside stump fixed to the base and reaching almost to the top. ‘The clamping is performed by a split band encircling the flanges on both the fixed stump and the lower end of the column, which are turned to equal diameters. The drill spindle is driven in the usual way by a horizontal shaft near the base, which is connected by miter gears to a central shaft in the col- umn. This shaft is connected to a similar one on the out- side of the machine by a pair of spur gears. Connection by means of a pair of miter gears is furnished between the outside vertical shaft and the upper shaft of the arm. Four friction gears operated by adjustable handle connect this shaft with the shaft just below it, which transmits power to the drill spindle. The shifting of this rod changes the speed of the drill spindle. When the handle is in the central position the mechanism of the drill head stops. Pushed to the right, the speed of the spindle is increased without the employment of back gears, and pushed to the left, the back gears are engaged and the speed diminished. The reverse movements are controlled by a handle on the arm, which when shifted to the left reverses the spindle at increased speed. This is accomplished by means of an idler journaled in the frame which meshes between the friction wheels of the upper and lower shafts of the arm. By means of an ad- justing screw on the operating lever the brake power can be regulated so as to avoid the breakage of taps when overstrained or upon striking an obstruction. The pow- er feed to the drill spindle is of the geared type. It has six changes, and is varied by the shifting of a knurled knob on the feed rod, the gears being feathered to their shafts. tannin aneneeenee The Buffalo Frontier & Terminal Railroad Company, recently incorporated, have made application to the Rail-- road Commissioners of the State of New York for a valu- able franchise for a semicircular belt line around the city of Buffalo, extending from Bay View, on Lake Erie, a short distance south of the extensive plant of the Lacka- wanna Steel Company, to the Niagara River, and the Erie Canal at Tonawanda, a distance of 28 miles, crossing and connecting with all railroads entering Buffalo. It is the intention of the new terminal company to build a break- water at Bay View and erect docks and elevators there, and to spend upon the railway and terminal improve- ments between $4,000,000 and $5,000,000. Work will be ‘commenced as soon as authority is granted by the Railroad ‘Commissioners. March 10, 1904 Lake Mining Matters. Freight Rates on Ore. DuLuTH, MINN., March 5, 1904.—Ore freights for the coming season have not been fixed, many of the pre liminary questions having yet been untouched. These relate to wages, union affairs, prices of other commodities, &c., and, of course, to the probable length of the season Then the amount of expected freight for the year will have an important effect on opening rates. The power of the United States Steel Corporation and their great fleet of lake ships operated by the Pittsburgh Steamship Company will be exerted for the maintenance of as near the rate of last year as is possible, just as their power is now being exerted in favor of the steadiness of ore prices and against any radical decline.’ The elements seem to be on the side of the big corporation so far as a late opening is concerned, and it is acknowledged that the later the opening of interlake navigation the more prob- able is a remunerative rate. On the other hand, the Steel Corporation are not anxious for rates to be on the plane that many independent vessel owners want them, and will strive for a fairly equitable figure for the en- tire year. While it is acknowledged that the shipping owned by the mine owners is capable of handling about all the ore to be carried by big shippers, there has been a considerable amount of chartering lately, and some fleet managers are filled as full as desirable with season business. In these contracts the question of price per ton has not been considered, but the ore is to be carried at the “ going rate,” whatever that may prove to be. The Steel Corporation are likely to have little, if any, call for outside tonnage this year. The Baraboo Region. It is doubted in some quarters if the Baraboo region is to hold up to the expectations and early statements of men in charge of operations there. As is known, the International Harvester Company have been idle there all winter and may not resume for some little time, and now comes the information that the workings of the Iroquois Iron Company (Rogers, Brown & Co.) are drowned out. This was really to have been expected, for their shaft is through sandstone carrying an immense amount of water, and it may be a difficult matter to oper- ate it economically for some time. Considerable ex- ploration is under way there this winter, especially east from Baraboo, where a large area has been segregated by parties from Duluth under careful expert advice. There is a very decided question as to the actual result of mining operation in that district, so far as grades of oré are concerned, and it may be that all opinion, favor- able or unfavorable, as to the importance of the Baraboo region should be reserved for a time longer. New Explorations. Considering the status of the iron ore market, and the opinion of those best qualified to judge as to the continuance of present conditions as far as ore is con- cerned, there is a remarkable amount of exploration going on about Lake Superior. The Baraboo region has already been referred to briefly. West of Duluth, in Aitkin County, Minn., in and about T 46 N of R 27 W. exploration is increasing, and those at work express satisfaction with the results so far attained, though little really good ore is understood to have been found. Exploration will be difficult in this region, for there are very few outcroppings of bedrock for a long distance. These few are of a quartzite, apparently belonging to the same formation as that underlying the Mesaba ore bodies, and of a hornblendic gneiss. The general char- acter of the surface is sand and gravel plains and ter- minal moraines, and there is little to guide the explorer. One company are working just north of the inter- national boundary line, on Hunter’s Island. There are magnificent indications of iron, the faces of bluffs being covered with débris, originally lean ore, from which the silica is now absent, giving the iron a fine appearance. The operators have run tunnels into the ledge and have, so it is claimed, cut excellent ore which they state is hematite assaying up to 60 and 64 per cent. They say there is little sulphur and that it is decreasing, while - March 10, 1904 Up to this time work done in this same general region has shown little of value, and the general iron ore public is slightly skeptical, for the pres- phosphorus is slight. ent at least. The operators there are to put in diamond drills as soon as they can, which will not be for a month or two yet. If their work is successful there will be an important revival of explorations north of the inter- national boundary, probably extending the coming sum- mer to the Mattawin and Atikokan rivers. Some work is under way on the magnetite belts south of Ely, Vermillion range. It is reported that the White Iron Lake Iron Campany, working a drill there, are finding a large deposit of high grade ore, the company stating that they have cut more than 120 feet. They now propose to drill a hole 1400 feet deep, which would scarcely seem necessary in that formation. Contrary to the general opinion of amateur prospectors, this forma- tion is of quite flat dip. In the same vicinity, section 32 T 62 R 11, others have found magnetic ore in place, and some pits have been put down this winter. In Baraga County, Mich., the westerly extremity of the Marquette formation, work is going on by the Bes- semer Iron Company of Duluth and most encouraging finds are reported, but the adjacent work of M. L. Fay and associates has been stopped. The Bessemer Com- pany have options on more than 100,000 acres of land and are making some selections. They have two diamond drills at work and are doing considerable pitting. Their ore is not high grade, averaging, as far as can be de- termined, about 55 per cent. iron and about 0.050 phos- phorus, but it is near the lake and will reach it east of Keeweenaw Point, giving it the Marquette lake freight. There is, however, no railway available and no ore dock at L’Anse, which is the harbor. There were docks at this point many years ago, but these were abandoned after handling the product of the old Taylor mine, amounting to not more than 33,000 tons; and were de- stroyed three or four years ago. The old railroad was torn up and sold for junk, together with its locomotives and cars, and it will take an assurance of excellent ore and guarantees of traffic to get it rebuilt. The Bessemer Iron Company have one drill hole through ore for more than 100 feet, then 65 feet through rock and into ore again, and are still in it. Further than this, together with some excellent indications from pits and shallow holes, they know nothing yet. A little exploration is under way at various points on the Mesaba range. The Oliver Iron Mining Company are working several drills at the village of Sparta, and evidently a large ore body will be proved there. Some others are working, among them Swallow & Hopkins, in section 10 T 58 R 16, and three or four parties, including G. A. St. Clair, just east of there on Embarras Lake, and northeast also. Mr. St. Clair has a nice body of fine Bes- semer ore shown up, and his success is enticing others. The Hopkins work in section 10 T 58 R 19 and in 2 58 18 has been stopped, without favorable result. The work that was going on early in the winter in 24 58 18 has also been suspended. Nothing is in progress on the west- ern end of the range, but indications are for some activity there this year. Corrigan, McKinney & Co. have been exploring their Jordan ore body, and the Oliver Company their Burt, the latter in preparation for additional and extensive stripping operations. Slow Kesumption of Operations. Little is being done in resuming operations at mines that have been closed during the winter. The open pit mines will not show any signs of activity for some time. The various mines that have been put under the sales agency of Tod, Stambaugh & Co. by Jos. Sellwood and associates are all resuming and should mine largely this year. These include all the mines that have been man- aged by Mr. Sellwood, except the two International Har- vester, Cypress, in which Pickands, Mather & Co. are interested, and Croxton and Longyear. Jones & Laugh- ‘ins are resuming at their Lincoln, and several other mines on various ranges will be at work in a few days, so that the situation is beginning to clarify a little. Thanks to careful management on the part of mine man- agers, a weeding out process in which thought for per- sonal conditions had much influence, and an abundance . THE IRON AGE. 3 of work in timber woods, there has been little or no suf- fering on the part of miners during this cold and long winter, through which so little actual mining has been done. Copper Notes. The Calumet & Arizona Mining Company have de- clared a second quarterly dividend of $1.50 on their 200,000 $10 shares, payable March 19. Their first divi- dend, three months ago, was the same, with 50 cents extra. It is the policy of the company for this year to pay only the regular dividends, accumulating a large surplus, which shall be at least $1,000,000, in addition to copper at mine and in transit. The company will have, after this second dividend is paid, more than $1,300,000 in cash and quick assets. The company’s second mine, at the Oliver shaft, is in high grade copper oxides, at about 600 feet down, and a drift working toward the shaft on the 850-foot level is in rich ore also. The smelting ca- pacity is to be doubled to care for this second mine. In the company’s first mine copper sulphides have just been encountered in quantity at the 1250-foot level, a fact of nu little importance. The Wolverine Copper Company, Lake Superior, have just declared a dividend of $3.50 a share on their 60,000 $25 shares. With this payment Wolverine will have distributed $1,540,000 since 1898, when they commenced by the payment of $1 a share. Their semi-annuals in 1900, 1901 and 1902 were at the rate of $2 a share; in 1908 they were $2.50 and $3. The annual report of the Osceola Consolidated Min- ing Company, Lake Superior, has been made public and shows, instead of a deficit of $226,025, as a year ago, a surplus of $131,560 and dividends during the year of $1 a share on their 96,150 shares issued. They made 16,- 060,000 pounds of copper during the year, an increase of 2,500,000 pounds, and sold it at 13 cents, an advance of 1.22 cents. The costs were reduced from 9.91 cents a pound to 9.23 cents. D. E. W. ———-—<o em. .- —— Demurrage Charges Collectable in Illinois.—The Su- preme Court of Illinois has handed down a decision sus- taining the principle of reasonable car service and hold- ing that a railroad company has a lien upon goods carried unti: reasonable storage, demurrage or car service charges have been paid. The decision, which was by Justice Ricks, was delivered in the case of Bowen Schumacher against the Chicago & Northwestern Railway Company. The importance of the decision and the effect it will have on future car service by railroads is foreshadowed by the court, which said: “ The views expressed as to the rules pertaining to car service charges will, we believe, tend to the public welfare.” Under a former decision by the Su- preme Court of the State the railroads have rarely been able to collect demurrage charges, and therefore the rule in effect requiring consignees to unload cars within 48 hours or pay a charge of $1 per day has been only par- tially effective in giving railroads and the public the full benefit of the former’s equipment. a The annual meeting of the second district of the Na- tional Metal Trades Association was held at Springfield, Mass., on the 3d inst., when this Second District Com- mittee was chosen: Chairman, Alonzo W. Whitcomb of the Whitcomb Mfg. Company, Worcester, Mass.; vice- chairman, H. D. Beach of the Pacific Iron Works, Bridge- port, Conn.; F. H. Strong of the Eaton, Cole & Burnham Company, Bridgeport; George T. Brown of the Brown Cotton Gin Company, New London, Conn., and Charles BE. Hildreth of P. Blaisdell & Co., Worcester. An inter- esting discussion of matters pertaining to the association was held, a transcript of which was forwarded to the Administrative Council. Oe In opening the Australian Federal Parliament at Mel- bourne, on March 2, Lord Northcote, the. Governor-Gen- eral, declared that a preferential tariff with Great Britain would secure for Australia an immense and stable market. The Government was gratified at the cordial reception that had been given the proposals for such an arrange- ment, and he believed the feeling would be strengthened when Mr. Chamberlain visited Australia. ay a Pee ar rf A Baush Boring Mill with Motor Drive. Boring mills, perhaps more than any other class of machine tools, have been slow to appear with ‘i favorable application of individual motor drive. Heretofore most of the designs that have been advanced have placed the motor outside of the machine, where it occupied useful floor space. Even when mounted upon the frame it has usually occupied a protruding position, difficult of access itself or an obstruction to the accessibility of other im- portant parts. A recent arrangement, as illustrated here- with, is one of the most satisfactory schemes thus far, THE IRON AGE. March 10, 1904 that the next slower gear combination would allow at top motor speed, except on the slowest combination, as it would entail a sacrifice in power. At the highest speed of the motor the fastest speed of the table is 76.3 revolu- iions per minute and the slowest 10.9, or with the lowest speed the slowest possible speed of the table is one revo- lution per minute. The tool has a capacity for swinging work 51% inches in diameter and 40 inches high. The face plate is 51 inches in diameter and is unusually well supported, having an outer bearing on the under side nearly equal to its diameter and another under the center on the outer edge of the spindle. The hight of the face plate from the floor é THE VR OA AGE A BAUSH BORING MILL WITH MOTOR DRIVE. since it overcomes or compromises on many of the for- mer objections. The engraving represents a 51-inch boring and turning mill as built by the Baush Machine Tool Company of Springfield, Mass., and the motor a Crocker-Wheeler 15 horse-power semi-inclosed form I machine. The drive is communicated to a modified cone pulley shaft through a Renold silent chain 24% inches wide, with a speed re- duction of 3 to 2. There are, in addition,,three gear changes, the total reductions of speed for each from motor spindle to table being 14 to 1, 45 to 1 and 98 to 1 respectively. With either gear combination the motor, which is supplied with current on a four-wire multiple voltage system, is capable of 21 speeds in either direc- tion, varying from 1065 to 106 revolutions per minute. It is not intended, however, to use motor speeds lower than those necessary to give the table the same speed is 30 inches and the diameter of its spindle 10 inches. A hole through the center of the latter allows the chips to fall under the mill, from where they may be easily removed. In place of the face plate a combined inde pendent and universal chuck may be substituted, the two being made interchangeable. The distance between the uprights is 46% inches and the traverse of the tool bar is 24 inches. By the manipulation of the lever seen near the top of the machine the cross rail may be raised and lowered by power without revolving the face plate. The cross rail is deeply arched, with double walled back and large flat wearing surfaces. The saddles are at- tached to steel feed screws by split nuts, which can be opened and a rapid movement obtained by rack and pin- ion engaging a steel rack on the cross rail. For feeding and thread cutting the saddles are arranged with the Hendey-Norton gear changing device, by means of which March 10, 1904 15 positive rates of feed can be obtained on each saddle, both vertical and horizontal, and the changes can be made instantly while running. Strength, compactness and rapid producing capacity are prominent features of the tool as equipped in the manner described. ‘The one illustrated is installed in the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Railroad shops at McKee’s Rocks, Pa., where nearly all the machine tools have in- dividual motor drive, and those requiring various speeds are supplied on the Crocker-Wheeler multiple voltage system of current supply. ——— 3+ ——_—____ The National Feed Water Heater. One troublesome feature of the ordinary feed water heater is that the coils are assembled with connections inside the heater, making it necessary to shut down the entire apparatus in order to remedy any trouble that may occur in a single coil. The new National feed water heater, shown in the accompanying illustration, does away with this disadvantage by making each coil con- tinuous between two cast iron headers, one near each THE IRON AGE. bate court where it was filed March 4. It reads: “ This is my last will. I give all my property to my wife, whom I appoint sole executrix.”’ —_—_—— oo —_——__ The Distribution of Lake Superior Iron Ores. ‘The United States Geological Survey, Division of Min- ing and Mineral Resources, has issued a map prepared by John Birkinbine of Philadelphia which shows the distri- bution of ores mined in the Lake Superior region in the year 1902. This map covers the section of country ex- tending eastward from Minnesota and north of North Carolina, Tennessee and Arkansas. It is a graphic pres- entation of the immense tonnage of ore produced and the enormous distances over which it is hauled. The method adopted to show the distribution of ores is ingenious and striking. The body of the map being printed in black and the rivers in blue, the courses taken in the distribution of ores are sharply indicated by red lines. Solid lines show the distribution of 1,000,000 tons or more, while dotted lines represent less than 1,000,000 tons. The lines begin at the mines in the Lake Superior a ey $ $3 eee Tue thon AGE: THE NATIONAL FEED WATER HEATER. end of the cylinder. Each header has a flat cover plate, which may be readily taken off to allow for repairing, and any coil may be shut off at both ends without in- terrupting the operation of the remainder while repairs are being made. There are 15 coils in the large sized heaters, of seamless drawn brass or copper tubing, 1% to 21%, inches in diameter. The steam from the boiler exhausts into the head of the heater in the usual manner, and surrounds the coils, heating the feed water up to 210 or 212 degrees F. The National Pipe Bending Company of New Haven, Conn., are the builders of the heater, and have recently in- stalled three of them in the new power station of the Old Colony Street Railway Company at Quincy, Mass. Two heaters of 5000 horse-power each are now build- ing for the power station of the Edison Electric Com- pany of Boston, which will make 40,000 horse-power of the company’s heaters in this one station. Other orders that have been filled lately included a 6000 horse-power heater for the BHastman Kodak Company, one of 3000 horse-power for the Springfield, Mass., Street Railway Company, and two of 1500 horse-power each for the Davol Mills. —_—_-_><-@—._ Hermon B. Butler, late vice-president and treasurer of Joseph T. Ryerson & Son, Chicago, left property to the amount of $610,000. His will, dated December 20, 1895, was so remarkably brief as to create comment in the pro- . region, and thus show how the product of each range starts to market. As most of the ore finds its way to con- sumers by Lakes Superior, Huron and Erie, this course is marked by a great number of solid parallel lines, making it look like a broad highway. Extending from Lake Erie are a large number of lines radiating in various direc- tions, with many concentrating in the vicinity of Pitts- burgh. Lake Michigan has several parallel lines, owing to the fact that so much ore is transported over that lake to the furnaces at Chicago and Milwaukee. All-rail ship- ments are shown from mines in Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan to Mayville and Milwaukee in Wisconsin and Chicago in Illinois. It is interesting to note how the lines radiate from receiving ports on Lake Erie to such com- paratively remote points as Missouri, Southeastern Vir- ginia, Eastern Pennsylvania and Eastern New York. Some ore has been and is still shipped to tidewater, there meeting in competition ores received from foreign countries. A leaflet accompanying the map gives a full explana- tion of the method adopted in indicating the territory reached and the quantity shipped to each locality. In addition to the shipments which are marked on the map a relatively small quantity went also to Alabama. Some of the blast furnaces which are in part supplied with Lake Superior ores also draw portions of their material from other deposits which are remote, although not at so great a distance as the Lake Superior mines. {i ei 3 f “hy ef i ES! 4 ' iy 7 if Lane \ i, : : 8 THE IRON AGE. The Eight-Hour Bill Strongly Opposed. Iron and Steel Experts Submit Arguments. WASHINGTON, D. C., March 8, 1904.—Some of the most important of the manifold practical difficulties in the way of an enforcement of a rigid eight-hour system, as provided by the bill now pending in Congress, were pointed out to the House Committee on Labor on the 3d inst., by I. W. Jenks, general manager of the American Steel Hoop Company’s mills at Mingo, Warren, Girard, Greenville and Youngstown, and A. R. Hunt, general su- ° perintendent of the Homestead Steel Works. The testi- mony of these two ackuowledged experts in iron and steel making effected such a decided impression upon the mem- bers of the committee that the advocates of the bill are now seriously considering an amendment providing for overtime work whenever a strict adherence to the terms of the proposed law would result in inconvenience or loss. It is hardly necessary to say that such an amendment, al- though nullifying the most drastic feature of the pending measure, would not make it acceptable to employers, who are opposed to any government interference with the operation of private manufacturing plants. Testimony of I. W. Jenks. Mr. Jenks began his testimony by referring to state- ments made a year ago by M. M. Garland, at one time president of the Amalgamated Association of Lron, Steel and Tin Workers, to the effect that the finishing depart- ment of the Republic Tron & Steel Company had agreed with the Amalgamated Association to go to an eight-hour basis, which he expected would be put into operation im- mediately. The agreement of the Republic Iron & Steel Company, Mr. Jenks said, was the same as that covering the union mills of the American Steel Hoop Company and provided simply that “ an eight-hour turn will be adopted where practicable.” Such an agreement had not been found practicable and, in his opinion, could not be put into operation successfully. Other witnesses testified before the House Committee a year ago that the. American Steel Hoop Company’s mills at Youngstown employed 700 men on an eight-hour basis, but Mr. Jenks declared that out of a total of 553 union members, only 16 were on .an,eight- hour basis, and even that small number were not restricted © to eight hours, but very often worked eight and a half or... nine whenever. relays failed to appear on time, or when a in a mill in which after a young fellow gets 17 or 18 years knocking off on the minute would keep a train of rolls idle until other men could be secured. Continuing, Mr. Jenks sajd : “The eight-hour basis is absolutely impossible, accord- ing to my experience in a mill, which has covered the time since I was twelve years old. In the first place, a puddler cannot get his work out in the eight hours. Our average time for a puddler in the mill to-day to make five heats of iron is ten and a half hours. You cannot possibly cut that down so that a man could leave promptly on the ex- piration of exactly eight hours. The 16 men who work on a nominal eight-hour basis are operating roughing rolls in the 12-inch mill. It is a laborious position and it is economy for us to put those men on for eight hours, as we can get more work out on that basis where it is particu- larly hard. As a matter of fact, there are two relays of men on each eight-hour shift, so that in reality these men only work four hours each. Manufacturers recognize that it is not economy to work a man to the limit of his capac- ity. We ought to take care of our men and we do take care of them. “ What I want especially to emphasize is the extraor- dinary feature of this bill that requires a man on Govern- ment work to stop at exactly eight hours. If I know any- thing about the iron and steel business, we cannot do it without an enormous cost and great loss. Since I was here a year ago, I have given a great deal of thought to this matter. I have tried to take into consideration that possibly we might have to meet these conditions, and I have endeavored to figure it out. As manager of the oper- ating department of this company, ‘Ihave endeavored to work out some plan by which it could be done, but I will say frankly that the more I read this bill the less I am able to see a way clear to its practical enforcement. If March 10, 1904 this bill were to become a law, if we were to accept a con- tract under it to commence next Monday, my first duty to the executives of our company would be to take a superin- tendent and explain to him what this bill means and where among the different steps in the line of manufactur; it commences and where it leaves off. Right there I must stop short, for I do not know how to proceed. Does the application of the bill begin at the ore mine, the cok: ovens, the limestone pits, the blast furnace, the open hearth furnaces, the puddling furnaces? Where does it commence? I am responsible, and I have got to instruct the superintendents how they can obey that law. I have asked our attorneys and they cannot tell me where it commences or where it leaves off, and I will be frank to tell you that if we had to start on Monday morning with a contract, I would not know what to do. If the bill means that the eight-hour system goes back to the ore, then it means a long line of inspectors all the way back. We in Pittsburgh cannot swear to what a man does north of Duluth, 1200 or 1400 miles away. I must admit I am helpless. “But there is another very important point. How are we to divide our Government from commercial ton- nage? Suppose we are making iron for stay bolts for boilers. Now perhaps one crew will turn out 95 per cent. of the quantity for the Government while another will come in and do 5 per cent. of it and finish up on com- mercial work. How are we to divide that tonnage so that no one shall work more than eight hours on the Govern- ment work? I can see easily enough how you can operate if you have a separate mill, or if the Government has ton- nage enough to keep a mill running on that work exclu- sively, but how a mill can do Government work to-day and compete with the open market to-morrow, I do not see. “ Now to look at it a moment from the standpoint of the worker. The Amalgamated Association’s scale has a footnote which says that we shall not allow a man to puddle over 2700 pounds of iron a day. They want to limit the output. Well, 2700 pounds is a pretty fair day’s work on a hot day for a puddler, but I will guarantee that our puddlers themselves, members of the union, are aver- aging over 3000 pounds on a tonnage basis. You can no more limit the work of the aggressive man than you can fly, and, in my judgment, you ought not to limit him. The fact of the matter is in our industry we have to-day no young men coming up, ‘They are kept at school so long that we cannot get them: There are certain lines of work of age he can never become expert in. He must start in at 15 or 16 years, and I want to say to you, gentlemen, that I have places to-day in Youngstown for three good lively young superintendents that have come up through the line and know what they are doing. I cannot get them. For God’s sake, don’t legislate to stop a boy work- ing. He is not going to kill himself.” Do Not Desire Government Work. In reply to an inquiry as to what proportion of the output of the American Steel Hoop Company was con- sumed by the Government, Mr. Jenks said it was very small, and their company did not care for Government work. The restrictions around it now are so severe that it is ‘almost impossible to comply with them, and if the pending bill should pass it would be ten times worse. \y hen asked whether he would oppose a bill providing for a universal eight-hour day instead of an eight-hour day on Government work only, Mr. Jenks said: “I would oppose it. I came to America when I was 21 years of age in the pursuit of happiness. I am hap- pier when I am at work and I want to work more than eigut hours a day. From my own observation, both in Great Britain and in America, I think the more you leave all classes of labor untrammeled the better. America has got to supply the world for some years with steel. She ought to supply the great bulk of it, but she cannot do it if you keep raising the price. So far as the welfare of the workmen in the steel mills is concerned, I say that under present conditions 10 or 11 hours work is only good, healthy exercise. Our hours of labor vary a great deal. Some days our men will finish their turn in seven or eight hours, but the next day they will be 11% hours. Of course, I am speaking of men working on tonnage. Our March 10, 1904 day laborers, machinists and general mechanics work 54 or 56 hours a week.” In reply to a question as to whether the machinists could not be employed on an eight-hour basis under the terms of the bill, Mr. Jenks said that it would be imprac- ticable for the reason that every day or two occasions arise when it is necessary for a man to finish a particular operation which must be continuous. Representative Hughes of New Jersey, one of the few members of the conmnittee that have persistently advocated the bill, asked Mr. Jenks what he would think of a provision permitting a man to work aS many hours as might be necessary to complete the operation in which he was engaged, to which the witness replied that such an amendment would make the bill less objectionable. Continuing, Mr. Jenks discussed the impracticability of conforming blast furnace and open hearth practice to the proposed measure. It would be imposssible to stop a furnace at the end of eight hours unless the iron had ail been poured off, and it was impracticable to turn the fur- nace over to a new man who would not know how the iron had acted or where to look for the weak spots in the operation. When discussing what conditions regulated the length of the iron workers’ day, Mr. Jenks said that it ranged from eight to 12 hours and depended upon at- mospheric conditions, whether the furnaces were working fast or slow, whether the orders were good or bad, requir- ing few or many changes of sizes on the mills, &c. The average time devoted to actual work was not over nine hours. In response to a question as to whether, in view of the fact that the iron and steel mills now work two shifts of 12 hours, it would not be practicable to work three shifts of eight hours, Mr. Jenks said: Objections to Eight-Hour Shifts. “It would be much more difficult in every respect. In the first place, you have got to find 50 per cent. more skilled men. Then you have got three gangs to handle in- stead of two. Then you have a loss every time you stop your mill and every time you change a crew. Take the case of an ordinary guide man who takes the place of an- other one. He will spoil the first two or three pieces be- fore he gets the hang of his mill.” “ There seem to be a great many people who are afraid that our rising generation will be overworked. I have been around a mill myself for 48 hours, but of course, that was in an emergency. In England, from the time I went into the mill at 12 years of age until I left at 21, I worked on a 12-hour shift all the time, and on Saturday I worked for nothing so that I could learn to do something else than the regular routine. It is absolutely impossible for a man to do as much work in eight hours as he can in ten, and I would rather have his ninth and tenth hours in the mill than his first three in the morning. I am speaking from experience, for when I worked with the Amalgamated As- sociation and was a member of it I made more money for myself during the last run than I ever did on the first two.” Mr. Jenks was asked for his opinion as to why the “ general trend of civilization ’’ was toward shorter hours of labor while at the same time American manufacturers were becoming more efficient as producers, to which he re- plied that it was because of the introduction of improved machinery and better methods, and was not because of shortening the hours of labor. When asked if the “ supe- rior intelligence and fitness of the employee” had any- thing to do with the matter, he replied: “I have just told you that I am looking for three bright young superintendents and I cannot find them. They have got to have brains and nerve to take responsi- bilities. The increased output of our mills is due to discoveries and inventions we have made. We know how to build a furnace so that it will work faster, and we have made much progress in learning how to reduce our steel in the shortest possible time. Improved machinery and methods have constituted 99 per cent. of the factors in the progress we have made in our largest mills. In our smaller mills the percentage would not be so high.” When asked by Representative Hughes where he had worked in England and whether he was related to Sir Isaac Jenks of the firm of Isaac Jenks & Sons of Wolver- ton, the witness replied that he was a nephew of Sir Isaac Jenks; but when Mr. Hughes wanted to know what he . THE IRON AGE. would say if Isaac Jenks & Sons or the Thames Ship- building & Engineering Company should declare that they could produce tonnage cheaper on an eight-hour than a ten-hour basis, the witness replied with much emphasis: “I would say I do not believe it.” Superintendent Hunt's Views. Mr. Hunt, general superintendent of the Homestead Steel Works, said that he entered those works as a me- chanic 16 years ago and had filled various positions in the mills. He had read the arguments and evidence submit- ted to the House Committee at previous hearings, and from his practical experience was convinced that a com- pulsory eight-hour law would be in every way unsatisfac- tory and would operate as a gross injustice to all parties, and especially to the workingmen. “The law of supply and demand,” said he, “ regulates all these things practically. The supply of labor to-day is about equal to the demand, but this bill creates a demand for 50 per cent. additional labor, which must be filled at once, and would undoubtedly be filled by cheap labor from abroad, which would mean that the American working- men would be the real sufferers. The bill is unjust, how- ever, in other respects, for it seeks to protect only laborers and mechanics, and ignores foremen, clerks, &c. If one class is protected and the other is not, there cannot fail to be great dissatfaction.” Continuing, Mr. Hunt said that he was not a lawyer, but that he would like to inquire whether workmen who were stockholders in the United States Steel Corpora- tion, and therefore part owners in the business, could le- gally be prohibited from working in their own shops or on their own work any number of hours they might see fit. Representative Hughes thought Congress had full author- ity to regulate such a matter, but other members of the committee seemed to be in some doubt. Concerning some of the difficulties in the way of applying the proposed measure to steel mills, Mr. Hunt said: “In adopting this eight-hour system, steel manufac- turers would be put to an enormous loss due to the defects in material caused by the numerous changes of workmen. To furnish steel at the correct temperature, the heater or melter at the mills must carefully watch his steel during the entire process and when the change of crews should take place at the critical period, there is no doubt that numberless heats would be lost. The open hearth de- partment, especially, is required to operate on a 12-hour shift, for it takes from 10 to 12 hours to complete a heat. Steel is charged into a furnace in the shape of pig iron. molten iron and scrap. All of it must be carefully watched during the entire process, and a workman has to familiar- ize himself with the nature and peculiarities of each heat and can only become thoroughly acquainted with it by watching it continuously during the whole process. If the crews were changed just at the time the heat was about being completed, the steel would undoubtedly be spoiled because the men coming on would not understand the con- ditions that had prevailed all through the process. I can- not imagine that such a condition would be covered by the emergency feature of this bill, but if you can call such in- cidents emergencies under this proposed law, I do not know that we need take another minute of your time, be- cause such an emergency would arise every day, and it would not be necessary to pay any attention to the bill. Protection Against Subcontractors. “ Now, how are we going to protect ourselves against subcontractors under this measure? We buy quite a good deal of nickel for making armor plate. Under the provis- ions of this bill we do not know how we can protect our- selves against loss on account of subcontractors who fur- nish nickel and who might