The Iron Age 1903-11-26: Vol 72 Iss 22

THE IRON AGE A Review of the Hardware, Iron, Machinery and 3 °em Trades. (7) Published every Thursday Morning by David Williams Co., 232-2! "01580 ys? ant New York. _— Vol. 72: No. 22. Reading Matter Contents........ page 58 Alphabetical Index.to Advertisers ‘‘ 171 Classified List of Advertisers.... ‘* (63]/| Advertising and Subscription Rates ‘‘ 170)) 32 AUTOMATIC COLT ™ < METAL CASED The 32 Automatic Colt Pistol is loaded with a special high power smokeless powder, giving high velocity and operating freely through the mechanism of the Automatic Colt Pistol (pocket model). Those with the soft point bullets will be found desirable for sporting purposes, while the metal cased are accurate for target ranges, suitable to pocket pistols. 0) ere ae ye SMOKELES The 22 Automatic Rifle Sonteitee for the Winchester Rifle (model 1908) is an inexpensive rim fire cartridge loaded with the best grade of smokeless powder. Especially adapted for small game and target practice. U. M. C. Ammunition shoots well in any make gun. THE UNION METALLIC CARTRIDGE CO. BRIDGEPORT, CONN, Agency: 313-15 Broadway, New York Gity. Depot : 86-88 First St., THE BRISTOL ‘COMPANY, Waterbury, Conn. Bristol’s Recording Instruments. For Pressure Temperature and Electricity. Silver Medal, Paris Exposition. All Ranges, Low Prices, and Guas Send for Circulars. Also vende ofSash Cord. SAMSON CORDAGE WORKS, Boston, Mass. San Francisco, Gal. THE CAPEWELL HORSE NAIL COMPANY Mill Ginder. HARTFORD, CONN. Girard Building, pues. erg PATTERN. PILLING &’GRANE, Eisicivies vor Pore Cit <== cceeenneete EX ELIS CHAN E, Pir cdr ace Jenkins 96 Packing NONE BETTER, as it makes joint instantly and will last as long as the metals which hold it NONE CHEAPER, as it aa less than many Apolio galvanized iron? others sold at equal price per:pound. Costs more when the market Remember, all genuine stamped with Trade-Mark. is dull. When brisk, the de- JENKINS BROS., New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago, Londen. —_ and sweeps everything out, ESSE, | Swale Se ar rang Sangin a TURNBUCKLES. o — 2 alg GM iis | fz CAPEWELL HORSE NAILS: Branch Office. 11. Broadway, New York. W Qe Cleveland City Forge and Iron Co., . - Cleveland. O, P NEW. YORK, Branches : PORTLAND, ORE., > PHILADELPHIA, BUFFALO TURNBUCEIES: < cHICAGO, DETROIT, BALTIMORE, m MERRILL BROS., ST. LOUIS, CINCINNATI, NEW ORLEANS, 0 - Di 465 to 471 Kent Ave , w =$=BOSTON, SAN FRANCISCO, DENVER. v Brooklyn, E.D.. N.Y. e > J a fm 2 DO YOU USE an , THE AMERICAN TUBE & STAMPING COMP SEE 1 the rest of em less. (Water and Rati Delivery) Briperrort, Corn. PAGE ic MAGNOLIA METAL. Best Anti-Friction Metal for all Machinery Bearings. Beware of > WAGNOLIA LUA WET AL iil Owners and Sole Manufacturers, 113-116 Bank Street, Hitigburg and Pilladeipaia. We manufsoture Chicago, Fisher Bidg. NEW YORK. at iting and Pulladebpai. We tanuthoture eure al Quick service. _ Return a whole sheet for an inch of fault. ’ American Sheet Steel Company Rattery Park New York ~ ame ee eeeeeene ee Pes T TIO wae a cog Ren atnanandieae aap) a: a - faites eae. ey - A * as a a = ae ete, aa eo oe — ; iw Po cet > ar ee fees > a a im ape b ge : THE IRON AGE. MANUFACTURERS OF m® Covrer Co. rg Sheet and Roll a BRASS AND COPPER COPPER WIRE IRE Seamless Tubes, Sheets, Rods and Wire. PRINTERS’ BRASS, JEWELERS’ METAL, GERMAN ~ cece marrscrou G ERM AN SH a ae = GILDING METAL, COPPER Rivers Pins, Brass Butt Hinges, Jack Chain, Kero. obin Bronze) SILVER | “we Mee Condenser Piates,Pump Linings, Round, Square and Hexagon Bars, for Pump |LOW BRASS. SHEET BRONZE.| 29 murRAy sT., NEW YORK. Piston Rods and Bolt Forgings. . |SEAMLESS BRASS AND COPPER 144 HIGH ST., BOSTON. wenmignd Gondeneers, TUBING. BRAZED BRASSAND| . 0 ne 99 John Street, = - - New York. BRONZE TUBING. : : : : : 2: | THOMASTON, conn. | WATERBURY, CONN, Randolph-Clowes Co., SiwaTERBURY BRASS C0.,|J COVE. MES- CO. aimee WATERBURY, CONN. BRASS, WATERBURY, CONN. GERMAN SILVER ’ i R. . MANUFACTURERS OF 130 Centre St., New York. Providence, R. | Sheets, Rolle, Wire eee eon 4 me aaa PORT DEOXIDIZED BRONZE ee et eee BRIDGE Brass Shelis, Cups, Hinges, ' re “aan AND METAL COMPANY, Buttons, Lamp Goods. BRIDGEPORT, CONN. SPECIAL BRASS GOODS TO ORDER SEAMLESS BRASS Largest Jobbing Brass Foundry in » Factories, WATERBURY, CONN. @ COPPER TUBES (FO 36 IN. DIAM. New York Office, 253 Broadway, Postal Telegraph Bidg., Room Tis. Chicago Office, 602 Fisher Bldg. te eaeone D ’ NEW YORK, CHICAGO, BOSTON. LARGE CASTINGS A SPECIALTY. Bronze, Brass, Aluminum and Babbitt Metals. SS er RSS attention. JOHN DAVOL & SONS, Brooklyn Brass & Copper Co., DEALERS IN . . - COPPER, TIN, SPELTER -Matthiessen & Hegeler Zinc Co., LEAD, ANTIMONY. — LA SALLE, ILLINOIS. 100 John Street, - New York. SMELTERS OF SPELTER ie. Arthur T. Rutter SHEET ZINC AND SULPHURIC ACID. SUCCESSOR TO Special Sizes of Zinc cut to order. Rolled Ba’ Plates. MBelected Plates for Btchers’ and Lithographers’ use. WILLIAM S. FEARING Selected Sheets for P: d Card Makers’ use. Lae 256 Broadway, NEW YORK. ZINCS FOR LECLANCHE BATTERY. Small tubing in Brass, Copper, Steel, Aluminum, German Silver, &c. Sheet Brass, Copper and Ger- TRUM aares ME MO = Copper and Brass Rod. 88:74 West Monroe St., Chicago. nay ne Babbitt Metals, Brass and Alominum Le “PHONO-ELECTI Ses CASTINGS Sa — FOUN DERS— FINISHERS. Ww. G&G. ROWZLI & CO., Bridgeport, Conn. TELEP HENDRICKS .S BROTHERS a Belleville Copper | Rolling Mills, "LINES. Brazsiers’ Bolt ax and Sheathing Milis COPPER i COPPER win TP S| Painter's Laboratory Guide. Importers end ‘Ingot Copper, Block Tin, Spelter, “Lead, Antimony, etc. Ht na ith dingrams ‘and oe. 49 CLIFF ST., NEW YORK. da eiltaitininataaritin saninetil ‘THE IRON AGE TuHuRSDAY, NOVEMBER 26, 1903. The American Separately Fired Superheater. Since the mechanical difficulties incident to the use of superheated steam have been in a large measure suc- cessfully met by improvements in packings, lubricants, piping, &¢c., the economies which may be effected by em- ployment of high temperatures of steam have of late been attracting more attention than formerly. Our pr, er or: nd nd visable and may be ultimately expected. The avoidance of at least a large share of the losses due to condensa- tion between the boiler and the engine and within the engine itself is the principal advantage to be derived from superheating, in addition to which are othez sav- ings, among them an improvement in the benefits result- ing from compound and multicylinder engines. The vital point in the matter lies in the efficiency of Fiy. 1.-—General View of the American Superheater. THE AMERICAN SEPARATELY FIRED SUPERHEATER. triends abroad have done much along these lines, and lave taken the lead in experiments with superheaters nd superheating. In this country comparatively little has wen effected in these directions, but at the present time ur knowledge of the subject and its practical features S taking a more advanced position. Installations of ‘quipment for generating and using superheated steam are now so numerous in various parts of the country hat the element of novelty is no longer of prominence. eriods of practical use and results of thorough tests ire not yet such as to lead to a very rapid adoption of he principle, even though its evident theoretical advan- ages, and, so far as service trials: indicate, its actual conomies, show that its general adoption would be ad- the superheater itself. Here are experienced the greatest difficulties since means of handling and using the high temperature steam have been devised. Two types of superheaters are in use; one is fitted as an adjunct of the boiler and provides for passage of the steam from the boiler proper through a system of tubes placed some where within the current of hot gases from the boiler furnace. The other type is entirely independent of the boiler, and is provided, generally, with its own furnace, the steam from the boiler passing through the super- heater on its way from the boiler to the engine. The il- lustrations herewith show the appearance and construc- tion of the American superheater, which is evidently of the second type named. The makers of this superheater Sea NE kas Sate a eee Fa allie nt = ; 7 - — 2 THE IRON AGE. believe that the independent or separately fired type of- fers mechanical and commercial advantages due, for one thing, to its ease of application to existing plants with- out disturbing the boiler equipment in any way. The piping system alone need be so altered as to provide for conducting steam from the boilers, either through or past the superheater, thus enabling the latter to be used or cut out, as circumstances may require. The use of an in- dependent fire for the superheating makes possible a greater flexibility and wider range of temperatures than is practicable where the boiler furnaces must be depended upon. The American superheater consists of a furnace of the reverberatory form, Fig. 2, from which the gases pass over the bridge wall, downward through the combustion chamber, and thence upward to and among the heating tubes. The steam to be superheated enters at the inlet connection seen at the top in Fig. 1, passing directly SECTIONAL SIDE ELEVATION. November 26 1% conditions of wide variation in the quantity of ste: passing. The superheating tubes are expanded into the heade and the joints are protected from direct contact with t! hot gases by vertical tiles and nonconducting materis The tubes are all straight and of standard commerci sizes. The header openings opposite the tubes are sp faced and are closed by removable plates, held in pla: by bolt, crab and clamp, the joint thus being similar 1 that used generally in inside packed boiler tube co: struction. The sides and ends of the superheater are i: closed by removable casing plates, faced on the insic: with heat insulating material. The whole tube and head er system is thus made readily accessible for cleaning ani repairs. The dead air in the spaces between the headers and the outer casing plates keeps the headers at tempera tures only slightly in excess of those of the steam passing through them. Costs of repairs are reported to be very SECTIONAL END ELEVATION. THE IRON AGB Fig. 2.—Sectional Elevations of American Superheater. THE into the topmost steel headers, whence it flows through the tubes to the headers on the opposite side. Similarly, from the further side the steam returns to the second headers on the inlet side, and passes thence from side to side successively through the several tube sections, con- stantly approaching the bottom of the tube system, and finally leaving from the lowest headers by way of the out- let connections shown in Fig. 1, and at the left of the end elevation in Fig. 2. By this generally downward pas- sage of the steam continuously hotter furnace gases are encountered, the gases being constrained in their course by the refractory tile baffle plates and caused to pass all the tubes in a direction trAnsverse to their lengths. Having given up all their available heat to the tubes and their contained steam, the products of combustion reach the flue connection at the top and pass out. The furnace bridge wall is hollow, and at each end of the open space is a register in the side walls through which air enters to temper the initial heat and assist in effecting perfect combustion by mingling with the gases as it issues through openings in the back of the bridge wall. This provision for regulating the temperature of the products of combustion, together with the heat stor- ing capacity of the large area of exposed fire brick, en- ables the attendant to maintain in the steam supply a very nearly uniform degree of superheating, even under AMERICAN SEPARATELY FIRED SUPERHEATER. light, practically nothing having thus far been required in this way by a superheater of this type installed in the year 1900 at the Lowell, Mass., mill of the Merrimac Mfg. Company. It would appear that the uniformly moderate tem perature of the whole body of heat conveying gases can not but have a desirable effect in avoiding sudden and excessive stresses due to expansion and contraction, and in preventing injury to the tubes, while the ease of regu- lation of the volume of the gases provides means for holding fairly constant the degree of .superheating. Th: value of these features of the American superheater, in suring, as it is believed they do, a constant high effi ciency for the steam engine supplied and a long life fo! the superheating tubes, is strongly emphasized by th: makers, the American Superheater Company, 176 Fed eral street, Boston, Mass. ~ —~—~——_<—--@——__. —__ The Inventors’ Aid Society is now being organized i Chicago to encourage and increase, improve and originat: exploit and finance useful inventions. Incorporatio papers have been taken out in the District of Columbi: with a capital stock of $5,000,000, half of which is con mon and half preferred. C. N. Schub, the veteran i the bicycle industry, is at the head of the enterprise. November 26, 1903 Motors Required to Drive Power Presses. BY F. C. FLADD, BROOKLYN. It may be instructive to many readers to know what sizes of electric motor will drive a given size power press. It has been interesting to observe the number of presses and metal stamping machines that are now electrically driven, and note the constant demand for self contained machines, which can be placed in any part of a factory where most convenient for the work done. They save more than the cost of the motor in the labor of carrying the stock from one end of a building to another. The power press must be placed where power can be had, while with the motor driven machine it makes very little difference where a press is placed, so long as the electric wires can be carried to the motor. Assuming the reader to be familiar with the various presses mentioned, I will give the horse-power of motors which I have seen attached to presses in my past experi- ence among press users. Various makes of motors are used, all doing satisfactory work, some being direct geared, others belt driven, and many are now using the silent sprocket chain drive. I am inclined to slightly fa- vor the belt drive, as it gives a little elasticity between the motor and the press when the quick, severe load is suddenly thrown upon it, as in the case of press punching and stamping. A motor driven press should be started very slowly and carefully, as more power is sometimes consumed in starting up the heavy fly wheel to its proper speed than is used when the press is doing its actual work under normal conditions. The presses and ma- chines named below are nearly all direct geared tools: Horse-power of motor. eG, Se GS FOPPRCWe DION. «dis hr edacncdascuuws cawnwas 7.50 Pe ee Be ORS POOR i as onkriccameiscidetodadeudas 5 No. C 5 Ferracute press, direct geared.............ee0. 3 No. P 21 Ferracute press, 18-inch throat, direct geared... 2 No. D G 56 Ferracute drawing press...............e.-. 10 PaO, ae PE SUN, adsl creiala Gols © eRe wainato ae wee 3 No. P 2 Perracute notching pre@®......ccccccccccccece 1 No. € 92 Perracute notehing preees. 2. oc ccc cwcecenscccc’s 1 No. E 4 Ferracute press, roll feed attached............. 3 Pe ek De Ge CRO DRG is ik isccxccodmesawipeevens 0.50 ee Se Se ee WOE OUOUENG 6 cic ceucutadsesvucédeneem 1 Bie GDF BY WHeel WIG, hic coe dewssercsaisceeanees 1 OE Ie 2a ee WEOOe INO i cia cacweedueswademeneem 2 Bie: OO Dae WO POOR ieee ict ncese nas weeudan 2 Rie ee OO A OPO: URNOR i 5k cts aden descanovbeoe we 3 BOR ee. DE GPOne: DONGOR soca cs wea tacaca Cevadea von on 5 Bliss No. 32 double crank press, geared..............-. 5 Bliss No. 5 double crank press, geared..............00- 7.50 TOS: Prk: Ok. POON GI be ck ON cc brccne euede ews 1 Bliss No. 7444 press, geared, with side cut off slide...... 4 Bliss No. 1% toggle drawing press...........eceeeeeees 5 Uliss No. 3144 toggle drawing presS...........cecesceces 5 Bliss No. 68 N fly wheel drawing press and roll feeds.... 2 Bliss No. 102 cut and carry gang press, geared.......... 3 Ee eek: BO CAPO GON icivicdy serwcens ctw ececues 0.50 PU Fe SO CPCUAE GG isc 6 Dic kK eekic daa dnane secs 1 Bliss 36-inch geared power shear, %4-inch sheet steel..... 5 Bliss-Stiles No. 0 fly wheel punching press.............. 0.50 Bliss-Stiles No. 1 fly wheel punching press............. 1 Bliss Stiles No. 2 fly whee! punching press............. 1 Bliss Stiles No. 3 fly wheel punching press.............. 2 sliss-Stiles No. 4 fly wheel punching press.............. 3 Bliss-Stiles No. 5 fly wheel punching press............. 4 Bliss-Stiles No. 5 press, geared, on heavy work......... 5 Bliss-Stiles No. 172 sprue cutter, fly wheel............. 1 Bliss-Stiles No. 173 sprue cutter, fly wheel............. 2 Bliss-Stiles 200 automatic board lift drop.............. 3 Bliss-Stiles 400 automatic board lift drop.............. 4 Bliss-Stiles 800 automatie board lift drop.............. 7.50 No. 2 Hilles & Jones combined punch and shear......... 5 No. 3 Hilles & Jones combined punch and shear with 36- inch throat punching 14-inch hole through 1-inch iron 10 No. 3 Hilles & Jones combined punch and shear, 12-inch throat, punching hole through 1-inch iron.......... 7.50 No. 3 Hilles & Jones 20-inch throat horizontal press, capa- bie of punching 1 inch through %-inch iron........ 7.50 filles & Jones 36-inch throat single punch, cutting 1%- inch hole through 14-inch from............eeceeees 10 No. 8 Hilles & Jones angle shear, cutting 6 x 6 x 1 inch on OTC ORET AA COTU CTE COTO CCE CTR CTCL TCL ET 10 \o. 6 Williams & White 20-inch stroke bulldozer........ 7.50 leavy alligator cut off shear, 5 x 1 imch bars........... 5 The large coining presses used by the United States nint at Philadelphia, Pa., for striking up silver dollars ‘xert a pressure of 160 tons and run at a speed of 80 per ninute with a 714 horse-power motor. The smaller size press for coining the quarter dollar pieces, which runs at THE IRON AGE. 3 a speed of 100 per minute and gives a pressure of 60 tons, is driven with a 3 horse-power motor; a double feed roll blanking press at a speed of 90 per minute requires a 3 horse-power, a double cut off shear 3 horse-power, the 10 x 9 inch rolling mills are driven by a 50 horse-power motor and the coin upsetting machine by a 3 horse-power. This mint machinery is of special design and is the best that can be built. I can call to mind several factory managers who think it better economy to run their power presses in groups, driving from one motor a main line. One such group is working very satisfactorily, driven by a 10 horse-power motor which runs very successfully one No. 95 Bliss- Stiles double crank fly wheel press, one No. 96 geared press of the same style, one No. 18, three No. 19, two No. 20, one No. 21 Bliss machines and one No. C 92 Ferracute armature matching press. Another group of 60 presses of various sizes are being driven by four motors: One a 10 horse-power, one a 7%4 horse-power and two 5 horse-power each. These motors are placed on the wall and ceiling out of the way and in different parts of the room. Each motor drives a line shaft from which the presses receive their power. The 10 horse-power operates seven machines of the following sizes: two No. 5 Bliss-Stiles fly wheel punching presses, one No. 74 W. Bliss press, one No. 73% geared Bliss press, two No. 3 V. & O. presses and one No. 20 Stiles-Fladd press. The other 53 presses are driven by the three smaller motors. Many of these machines are of the smaller Bliss standard make, although there are six quite large punching and stamping machines among them. There seems to be ample power, and the system gives good satisfaction and is very convenient. A very interesting motor experiment may be men- tioned which came to my notice. There were 28 power presses of various sizes and makes in this room, there were eight No. 2 Philadelphia presses, four Bliss-Stiles No. 3, two Bliss-Stiles No. 5, ten Waterbury Farrel Foun- dry & Machine Company No. 4 and No. 5, one heavy knuckle joint, one No. 2 Waterbury Farrel Foundry & Machine Company pillar press and two small Bliss fly wheel bench machines. The motor used was a 30 horse- power. To start up this press room indicated 15 horse- power ; when all of the 28 machines were working under their normal conditions the average indicated horse- power was only 11.50. Many of these machines were run at from 80 to 110 revolutions per minute by skillful oper- ators, who were able to work these presses continuously. When all the work was thrown off and the machines were run idle the readings were 7.50 horse-power, of which 2.50 horse-power was used in driving the shafting and countershafts. This might be called a very good record. The motor driven press is certainly a twentieth century achievement that has come to stay, and its popularity is rapidly increasing. eT It was on September 25, 1895, that the first power was delivered to a consumer by the Niagara Falls Power Com- pany. This first power went to the Pittsburgh Reduction Company, which company to-day take 3000 horse-power from this development. The largest customers of the Ni- agara Falls Power Company are the Union Carbide Com- pany, the amount taken being 15,000 horse-power. In all 57,365 horse-power is sold by the Niagara Falls Power Company in Niagara Falls. To Niagara Falls, Ont., 1900 horse-power is sent; to the Tonawandas, 3699 horse-power, and 1500 horse-power goes to Lockport. The International Railway Company take 1000 horse-power for their Lockport-Olcott line, and 63 customers in Buf- falo take 23,421 horse-power. The largest consumers of Niagara Power in Buffalo are the Buffalo Railway Com- pany, who take 7000 horse-power, while the Buffalo General Electric Company come next, using 6000 horse- power. All told, the International Railway, which com- pany operate the electric lines of Buffalo, Lockport, Ni- agara Falls, and between these cities, use 12,000 horse- power. An outlay representing $13,060,000 has been made by the Niagara Falls Power Company, and on a total as- sessed valuation in the city of Niagara Falls this com- pany pay about one-fifth of the total taxes paid. The longest distance Niagara power is transmitted is about 39 miles, on the Olcott line of the International Railway. ees Deore - a : — ed OSC heels =s- te — re ae OS See ’ | THE IRON AGE. The Wagner Cold Sawing Machines. The mechanism of the Wagner cold sawing machines, in various sizes, is mounted in several different ways, so as to accommodate a wide range of service requirements. The machine illustrated in Fig. 1 carries a 12-inch saw and is designed as a cutting off machine for general use. With special reference to steel foundry work the saw mechanism is mounted in connection with a knee and T-slotted table, Fig. 2, providing for screw actuated ver- tical and transverse movement of the work clamped to the table, exactly as in shaper practice. What is termed by the makers a “ combination cold saw ” is constructed by attaching the saw mechanism to a shallow T-slotted base, suited for mounting upon the floor or upon a bench or pedestal, as may best suit the work to be done. The T-slotted surface of the base is in two portions, one of November 26, 1! eccentric upon the outer end of the worm shaft, beyo the driving pulleys. The feed screw shaft, plainly s above the ram, is supported between thrust collars b) bearing carried by a bracket extending upward from t ram close to the pulleys. At the outer end of the fe shaft is the ratchet wheel, with which engages the paw actuated from the eccentric in a manner readily und stood from the engravings. The threaded portion of t! feed screw runs through a nut fitted freely within t! substantial bracket cast integrally with the ram gui cap, Rotation of the ratchet wheel as the saw tur causes the feed screw to advance in its nut, carrying tl ram and saw forward by means of the thrust colli against the bracket bearing. The top of the feed nut cut with rack teeth, into which meshes the pinion seen 1 tached to the ball weight. The position of the weight i adjustable on its supporting rod; the feed nut is free t: 1.—-12-Inch Cutting Off Machine. THE which is rigid, while the other, the part directly beneath the saw, takes the form of a slide, actuated by a screw ariven by bevel gears from a crank handle placed con- veniently near the operator’s position. As seen in the illustrations, the saw is mounted upon an arbor carried in a swivel head secured to the front of the ram. The ram is of. square section, hollow and is supported by long, rigid guides, within and through which it moves as the saw is fed against the work. Extending through the length of the ram is a shaft carrying at the outer end the tight and loose pulleys to which the driving belt is connected. At the inner end of the shaft is secured a phosphor-bronze worm meshing with a steel worm wheel upon the saw arbor. The saw head carrying the arbor is so mounted upon the ram that it may be rotated to any position and clamped there, providing for setting the saw to cut at any angle. To facilitate this angular setting the head is ac- curately graduated. The feed is positive and is obtained by means of an WAGNER COLD SAWING’ MACHINES. move within its housing through a considerable range i! the direction of the length of the feed screw. ‘The tend ency of the weight is to hold the feed nut at the inne or left-hand end of its space, Fig. 1, while the action o! the feed is to draw the nut to the right. This arrang ment, with the adjustablity of the leverage at which th weight acts, provides a very sensitive feed, such that i! case the saw becomes dull or the cross section of th: work increases the weight arm may be lifted, the fee released and jamming or breaking of the saw prevente! The bar seen above the feed screw is fitted with an a‘ justable stop for throwing out the feed when a cut is fi! ished or the weight lifted, as just noted. In the table the machine shown in Fig. 1 there is formed a reservo pan to be filled with soap or soda water or other lub: cant, into which the saw constantly dips when worki in its usual position. For positions of considerable 4 gularity other means of lubricating the saw must used. The 12-inch machine is designed to cut round bars ovember 26, 1903 THE 3% inches diameter. The largest size, having a 40-inch iw, has a capacity given as 13 inches diameter of work. ven sizes of machines are made, one being still smaller an the 12-inch size here illustrated. Special attention s been given to designing various styles of machines to eet the different requirements of the many classes of rvice to which the saw mechanism is applicable. The mbination cold saw has already been mentioned, as is also the style of Fig. 2, designed for steel works serv- e. In the latter form the removal of sprues, risers and sink heads from castings is facilitated by the convenience f being able to clamp the casting to the table in the iost natural position and then setting the saw to the proper angle to give the best access to the work. A fourth Fig. 2. THE WAGNER COLD tyle of this machine is designed for cutting long I-beams. nd is so arranged as to its vise provisions that turning he beam end for end when both ends are to be cut is not ecessary. Among the special claims made for the Wagner sawing achines are: Great speed capacity, minimum wear of \ws, automatic feed according to variation in shape or ardness of material to be cut, no cessation of cutting ven in case of saws with teeth broken out. The automatic top of feed when a cut is finished enables the running of everal machines by one operator. The Diamond Drill & lachine Company, Birdsboro, Pa., have secured the \merican rights for the manufacture of the Wagner ma- hines from the designs of the patentee. .>—_——_-e—___- Contractor M. P. Davis has started the work of exca- ating the wheel pit of the Toronto & Niagara Power ompany on the Canadian side at Niagara. This new IRON AGE. 5 wheel pit is located on a site reclaimed from the river at ‘Tempest Point, a short distance up the river from the pit of the Canadian Niagara Power Company. Three pumps have exhausted the water inside of the inner cofferdam. and by the time the débris and loose rock have been picked up the air compressor plant will be ready for the operation of the drills. The work of building the steel flume of the Ontario Power Company has been commenced by the Jenckes Ma- chine Company, a temporary plant having been estab- lished in Victoria Park for this purpose. This flume will be over a mile long and 18 feet in diameter. When com- pleted it will be one of the most notable flumes in the Steel Foundry Type SAWING MACHINES. world. It will be built in a deep trench, in order that it may be concealed from view and not mar the natural beauty of the Canadian park at Niagara. The tunnel of the Niagara Falls Power Company, as well as that of the Canadian Niagara Power Company and also that of the Toronto & Niagara Power Company, are great holes bored through the solid rock more than 150 feet below the surface and serve as tail races, but this flume is prac- tically a head race, and its purpose will be to conduct water from a forebay to penstocks that will discharge to the turbines located in a power station to be built at the water’s edge in the Niagara gorge very close to the foot of the Horseshoe Fall. In fact the big flume will perform the same service for the Ontario Power Company that the surface canal on the New York side performs for the Niafara Falls Hydraulic Power & Mfg. Company. In order to distribute the sheet steel for the flume work a railroad has been built along the route of the flume. THE IRON AGE. Notes from Great Britain. Stagnant Markets. LoNvon, November 14, 1903.—The British iron and steel markets throughout are simply stagnant from wait- ing; everybody wants to know more about American com- petition. The mere threat of American competition has paralyzed things. British steel billet makers have re- duced quotations from 95 shillings, the standard price, to 90 shillings, and this is 5 shillings above the most recent German quotations. On the other hand cautious buyers point out that as yet it is all talk about the American in- vasion and precious little wool. Undoubtedly, up to the present the amount of American steel sold is inconsider- able. It is true that consumers have been invited to make offers for stated quantities, and undoubtedly American agents are quietly feeling their way. The German quota- tion of 85 shillings applies only to deliveries next year. For the present the Germans have a number of contracts running, and for prompt delivery their price is about 88 shillings. The pig iron market is in sympathy with steel. Stand- ard quotations are still maintained, but there is a weak- ening all round. In addition forge pig iron has been dis- placed in certain departments by German steel, and the output is accordingly reduced. Of the finished iron trade it is impossible to speak favorably. Marked bar makers are steadily occupied on Admiralty and similar specifica- tions, and the more prominent unmarked bar makers still keep their end up, but competition is finding both of them out, and they are by no means happy about the future. The smaller fry in the unmarked bar department are dis- tinctly having a rough time of it. It is not necessary this week to give standard quotations, for they really at the moment signify nothing. ; Bearing upon the state of trade, the November report of the Amalgamated Society of Engineers,.says ‘that dur- ing October there was no improvement, and of the 95,- 403 members 4162 were receiving out of work donation. Discussion on Rapid Cutting Steel Tools. The Manchester Association of Engineers have been discussing rapid cutting steel tools. Perhaps the keenest criticism came from E. P. Hetherington, who said that, in tabulating the results as set forth in the first six pages of the report, he found that each maker of tool steel had been allowed 710 minutes extended over 24 tests of sep- arate tools. Further, from the figures in a table he had prepared, he found that Armstrong, Whitworth & Co.’s tools failed twice out of the 24 tests; Samuel Buckley’s, ten times; John Brown & Co.’s, 12; C. Cammell & Co., 9; T. Firth & Sons, 9; Samuel Osborne & Co., 9; Seebohm & Dieckstahl, 10. The time lost by these failures was as follows: Armstrong, Whitworth & Co., 27% minutes; Samuel Buckley, 134 minutes; John Brown & Co., 219; Cammell & Co., 140; T. Firth & Sons, 100; Osborne & Co., 192, and Seebohm & Dieckstahl, 135%. From ai pur- chaser’s point of view he was of opinion that Armstrong, Whitworth & Co. had come out on the top, as, if these tests had been taken in actual shop practice, by the fewer failures of tools the lathe assistant would have to go to the lathe so much fewer times, with the consequent loss of time. This was a question which largely affected the con- tinued use of their existing plant. Mr. Gledhill of Armstrong, Whitworth & Co., told the conference that his firm had recently been carrying out a number of experiments and had just completed a lathe specially designed for these high speed steels. This was a 12-inch lathe with a T-inch belt, and constructed for turning armor plate bolts 4 or 5 inches in diameter; it was speeded up to 170 feet, and was actually cutting at 130 feet per minute, with.a %4-inch cut, and the traverse was 32 to the inch, and at this rate it had been cutting for six or seven hours. They had jumped from about 80 feet on the old machines to 130 feet on a machine specially de- signed for these very high cutting speeds. He might also meption that a %-inch twist drill constructed of A. W. steel, tested on a 4-inch block of cast iron and working at 525 revolutions per minute, drilled through the 4-inch block in 18 seconds, equal to 13144 inches per minute. November 26, 19:3 American Steel Bars and South Wales Steel Works The recent big order for American steel bars for livery in South Wales has aroused a large amount of : tention in manufacturing circles. At one large steel a: tin plate works near Swansea a press representative w: told that such extensive orders abroad must cause t! closing of works in this country. The price of America bars (£4 per ton) was 10 shillings per ton less than th Welsh manufacturers could sell at and have a profi! Another steel and tin plate manufacturer of Swansea di trict said that a reduction in price here to meet the Ame: ican competition would necessitate a reduction of wages He knew that American. bars had been offered cif. a Newport at £3 17s. 6d. They were for the Midlands. H« added: *“ The outlook is very serious. This order of 100, 000 tons would have been enough to have kept two of our best works going 12 months.” A metal merchant, an ac knowledged expert in all matters connected with his busi- ness, told the representative that the methods used in getting orders are the same as those which were employed some three or four years ago, when American steel bars were put upon the British market—not to quote a price, but to invite an offer. Newport, South Wales. Mention in the above paragraph of an American quo- tation, cif. Newport, draws attention to Newport as a town possessing exceptional facilities for doing an import trade. Large quantities of German steel are now being imported there. This is being done to the extent of 200,- 000 tons per annum, and is of great use to manufacturers who would otherwise not be able to hold their own in the output of finished articles. The greater part is taken by the large works in Newport and the neighborhood—viz., Lysaghts, Nettlefolds and Baldwins, the Lydney and Lyd- brook works in Gloucestershire and by manufacturers in South Staffordshire and the Birmingham district. Ly- saghts are probably the largest consumers of German steel in Great Britain, and they employ thousands of men at their works in rolling the steel bars into black sheets, which are afterward corrugated, galvanized and sent from Newport to all parts of the world. At Guest, Keen & Nettlefold’s works at Rogerstone, near Newport, the crude steel is converted into wire, rods, hoops, &c., and numerous other things; while at the Lydney and Lyd- brook works it is largely used in the manufacture of tin plates. The directors of the Alexandra Dock Company, Newport, have decided to promote a Parliamentary bill for the purpose of conferring upon them the powers neces- sary for a large extension.of the docks. The scheme em- braces provision for more up to date appliances at the docks, an improved entrance, and an extension of the docks’ area to about double its existing capacity. German Forgings in Great Britain. With reference to the agitation as to “ dumping” be- ing carried on in this country, some interesting facts are given by L. Rusden, the British representative of Haniel & Lueg of Diisseldorf, Germany. In reply to the state ment that English buyers are obtaining German forgings at a less price than the Germans themselves are buying, he points out that the demand for ship and engine forg- ings in Germany is very bad, and altogether inadequate to keep the forges going. It must, therefore, be obvious that German forge masters, who have to compete against each other, as well as against outsiders, are under the necessity of cutting their prices for the home market as fine as possible. As representing a German firm of some standing, L. Rusden states positively that his principals do not charge more for their forgings to German than to English buyers, and have never attempted to do so. He proceeds : That German manufacturers of forgings and other kinds o iron and steel work possess advantages which enable them t: compete successfully in the English market is undeniable; bu they are legitimate advantages, as I propose to show. Thei works are modern and are fitted up and equipped in the lates style, every detail being arranged with a view to the utmos economy in working. As is well known, labor is cheaper tha in England, and, what is of more importance, the regular a tendance of the workers is assured. The German railways co! cede a reduction of 20 per cent. on the ordinary rates for t! carriage of shafting and other forgings going to England, an a reduction of 45 per cent. for similar materials going to shi yards in Germany. Superior facilities, with cheaper labor an November 26, 190% greater regularity of working, are the chief advantages, but the railway concession is also of some account. Quite recently the chairman of Palmer’s Shipbuilding & Iron Company (Limited) declared that it was only possible to secure a fairly good annual balance by buying materials from Germany at a lower cost than they could be obtained for at home. This statement is significant, and it shows how mistaken a policy it would be to put an import duty on shipbuilding materials, and thus, in a sense, compel English shipbuilders to pay a high price for what they can now obtain at a reasonable rate, and of at least as good quality, from abroad. Tramway Rail Contract Next week the London County Council will have under consideration an important proposal by the Highways Committee, in which manufacturers of steel rails will be actively interested. The recommendation is that tenders be invited for 12,500 tons of grooved girder steel tramway rails. conductor tees, fastenings, &c. This is a total of about 15 miles, or 30 of single track, and is by far the largest order for rails which the Council have yet given. Since they began the work of electric tramway construc- tion they have given three orders for rails and fasten- ings. The first of these, in November, 1901, went to Walter Scott, Limited, Leeds, the rails being made in this country. The amount was over £50,000. The next con- tract was in March, 1902, when P. & W. Maclellan, Lim- ited, Glasgow, got an order to the value of over £41,000 for rails, which were made in Belgium, the Glasgow com- pany being middlemen. The same thing happened again in January of this year, when Messrs. Maclellan were awarded another contract for Belgian made rails of the value of nearly £34,000. 8s. G. H. —_———__-@___—__- Pig Iron Contract Judicially Inter- preted. The Supreme Court of New York, first department, Edward Patterson, trial judge, has just unanimously de- cided that in a contract for “ 200 to 300 tons” of pig iron, the spread of 100 tons is an option belonging to the buyer and not to the seller. The decision is of interest to the iron trade, as it covers a point often raised regarding con- tracts naming a minimum and a maximum quantity. The buyer in this case was a well-known Pennsylvania manu- facturer of agricultural implements and the seller was a Virginia company represented in the transaction by a New York agent. The contract as originally made is con- tained in two letters. The first was written by the buyer to the furnace agent, and is as follows, omitting names: October 19, 1898. We are full of iron at present and won’t want any until the first of January. But you can enter our order for 200 to 300 tons at $10.75 for 1 X and $10.50 for 2 X, deliveries to be made within the next six months, as wanted. You may ship one carloud of 1 X next month. Do not send us any this month, as we are full. The other letter, which was written in response to the above, and was signed by both the agent and the furnace company, is as follows: October 20, 1898. We beg to acknowledge receipt of your offer of October 19, which our Mr. forwarded to us, and we advise you that we wiil accept same. We enter order accordingly for 200 to 300 tons of 1 X or 2 X pig iron at $10.75 for 1 X and $10.50 for 2 X, delivered f.o.b. cars, P. R. R., at , Pa. Terms: Cash 30 days; delivery 25 tons of 1 X in November and balance as ordered within the next six months. Up to December, 1899, the seller had delivered about 183 tons of the iron. The buyer claimed that there was an additional 117 tons to which he was entitled, but on the other hand the seiler claimed that under the terns of the contract he was not obliged to deliver more than 200 tons ; whereupon the buyer bought in the market 117 tons and claimed as damage the difference between the amount paid therefor and the amount which would have been payable to the seller had he made complete delivery of the 300 tons at the contract price. In the lower court the complaint was dismissed and judgment ordered for the seller on a counter claim for 26 tons delivered December 16, 1899, on which payment had been refused. In his defense the seller alleged that he had agreed on October 20, 1898, to sell 200 tons of pig iron for delivery THE IRON AGE. in six months and had given the buyer an option to or- der an additional 100 tons, which, if ordered before April 20, 1899, was to be delivered on the same terms, but that the buyer did not on or before that date order an amount in excess of the 200 tons. Evidence was submitted, how- ever, that although the six months’ limitation in the con- tract would have expired on April 21, 1899, it was ex- tended by the consent of both parties. The buyer for a time ceased manufacturing to make repairs, and wrote to the furnace agent requesting that as much time should be added for taking out the balance as was lost during the stoppage, which was replied to on March 13, 1899, by the statement that the “company will, of course, extend the time for you to take in your iron, as they are unable to make the deliveries now.” The Supreme Court states in its decision that it is ap- parent, therefore, that the six months’ limitation con- tained in the original contract ceased to be a binding term of that contract, and as a result the buyer was not in de- fault in failing to order, within six months, what he was entitled to receive under the contract. The seller had not performed his contract, even on the basis of the furnish- ing of 200 tons being sufficient under the contract. The time of the buyer was extended as long as the seller was unable to make deliveries. The buyer’s right to demand deliveries was not foreclosed up to December, 1899, when he specifically insisted upon the shipment to him of 117 tons. Concluding, the court says: We construe this contract to mean that the defendant was bound to deliver 200 tons in any event, and that the plaintiff had the option to order 100 tons more during the life of the contract, and that it was not obliged to give the order for that 100 tons at any particular time while the contract was in force. Che option was not one to be exercised by the defendant, to de- liver 100 additionai tons, but belonged. to the -plaintiff to demand the delivery of 300 tons in all. In the naked case of a party agreeing to furnish and deliver merchandise ranging between two irdicated amounts, the option may be with the seller. Such was the case of Desborough versus Neilson (3 John Cas., 81), where it was held that.a contract might be optional with one party and obligatory on the other. In Wheeler versus Britten (17 N. Y., Supp., 749), the proposal, was to sell and deliver “not less than 3500 tons of ice, and 4000 «tons if, it-holds out.” The defendant accepted the plaintiff’s offer to deliver 3500 to 4000 tons of good ice “if the houses hold. that amount.” One of the plaintiff's houses burned down. It was decided that the plaintiff might recover damages for the defendant’s failure to accept ice after the destruction of the house; that the contract was not restricted to ice stored in the houses; and that the plaintiff was authorized to furnish the minimum amount called for.’ There the right of electiom was with the seller; he procur- ing" the ice from other sources.. In Standard Sugar Refinery versus Castane (43 Fed. Rep., 279), the contract was for the sale vf from 700 to 800 tons of sugar. It was held-to be filled by a tender and delivery of onlv 700 tons. There also the right of election was with the seller. In the case at bar, however, the option‘is with the purchaser. The plaintiff received the option ; it was for its benefit that it was made, and it was entitled to give orders for the iron’ up to 300 tons. The notification con- tained in the plaintiff's proposal was to the effect that it might require 300 tons, and that proposal, as made, was accepted. ‘There was a plain notification that 300 tons might be required. The contract as made was binding on the defendant in all its parts. It cannot be separated into an absolute agreement on its part to furnish 200 tons and an optional agreement on its part to furnish 100 tons more. The judgment in the lower court was reversed, the seller was declared not entitled to recover on the counter claim and a new trial was ordered. eG The New York Car Wheel Company.—The New York Car Wheel Company have been incorporated at Buffalo, N. Y., with a capital stock of $300,000, and will take over and continue the business of the New York Car Wheel Works, sold two weeks since for the benefit of creditors to Martin Carey, who acted for the interests represented in the new company. The directors are Joseph A. Berry, Detroit, president of the Manistique Iron Works; Wm. G. Smith, Bernard Ginsburg, John Christian and Herbert E. Boynton, also of Detroit, and Solomon Ginsburg and Henry W. Sprague of Buffalo. The new organization, who have strong financial backing, have acquired and will operate the plant of the former company, manufac- turing car wheels, car couplers and other railway equip- ments and castings. About 300 men will be employed. Mr. Berry is president of the new company and P. H. Griffin, president of the former company, will be the gen- erai manager. THE IRON Seamless Steel Tanks Pressed from Plates. The Pressed Steel Tank Company of Milwaukee, Wis., have developed the art of drawing steel into tanks and other receptables to a high degree of perfection. Until recent years this firm were known as the Seamless Struc- tural Company, an appellation that was to some extent a misnomer in the ordinary acceptance of the word structural. The business. of the Pressed Steel Tank Com- pany is to make tanks, shells, cylinders, carboys, reser- voirs and similar articles which shall take the place of the less durable riveted or soldered forms. Their recep- tacles are made by the drawing process from rectangular or circular sheets by means of a series of operations through dies. At various stages in the process of manu- facture the steel is annealed in order to facilitate the drawing or pressing operations and in most instances the last process is the cold drawing, which gives the finished product smooth internal and external surfaces. While AGE. November 26, 1903 either by sweating or brazing a cup or head into position. All the pressing operations are done on hydraulic presses of varying sizes and capacities according to the require ments of the work. In placing the bottoms in the shells or tanks the larger shell is beaded into a flange at the bottom and the joint is afterward sweated or brazed. Spuds or reinforcements for pipe connections or other fit tings are placed in the tanks as required, the spud being drop forged from steel, put into place by hydraulic pres sure and afterward brazed in position. The tanks after being completed are galvanized or tinned, if desired, mak ing them not easily attacked by corrosive agents, as there are no seams or inequalities in which attacking acids can find lodgment. The advantage of the seamless tanks is of course the avoidance of longitudinal and circumferential seams and the doing away with the uncertainty of riveted construc tion. It goes without saying that a tank made of one piece of steel without seam, into which the bottom is Seamless Pressed Steel Tanks, Shells and Cylinders. it is not possible to produce receptables by the drawing process that shall be as cheap in their manufacturing c