The Iron Age 1903-02-05: Vol 71 Iss 6

a eg ak - ree F oe ae , ee See 2 = id a ia 3S Ee Eee = SP . 4 RACES EES TT Ego . +o xe : x ¥ ee, * 3 ; 4 r io . - ee *#P-Foor ung oinageny Sc. A Review of the Hardware, Iron, Machinery and Metal Trades. Published every Thursday Morning by David Williams Co., 232-238 William St... New York. Vol. 71: No. 6. New York, Thursday, February 5, 1903. $5.00 a Year, including Postage Single Copies, Ten Cents. Reading Matter Contents......... page 60[- Alphabetical index to Advertisers ** 231 || Classified List of Advertisers . 224) Advertising and Subscription Rates “ THE THAMES AUTOMATIC THE BRISTOL COMPANY, STANDARD QUALITY. PRICE ATTRACTIVE. \ Waterbury, Conn. PROFITABLE TO THE DEALER. Bristol’s Recording Instruments. M. HARTLEY CO., Sole Agents, *13-215, 8R04Dway, For Pressure Temperature and Electricity. Silver Medal, Paris Exposition. All Ranges, Low Prices, and Guar- anteed. Send for Circulars. aS GAPEWELL HORSE NAILS: Alse Nee esrsisets Phenix SAMSON CORDAGE WORKS, Boston, Mass. TURNBUCKLES. THE CAPEWELL HORSE NAIL COMPANY MERRILL BROS., a ae 465 to 471 Kent Ave., Brooklyn, E.D..N.¥. ee HARTFORD, CONN. kip Girard Bufldin PILLING & CRANE, iew's Biock. Seturen, a2 x C ii . Branch Office, 11 Broadway, New York. - NEW YORK, Branches : PORTLAND, ORE., > Cleveland City Forge and IronCo., - Cleveland, Q e PHILADELPHIA, BUFFALO, “4 —_—_—<—<—_—<—_$—¥—“—«—K—_a—____ Jo CHICAGO, DETROIT, BALTIMORE, a rTvuURN BU CK IES: i ST. LOUIS, CINCINNATI, NEW ORLEANS, 0 - BOSTON, SAN FRANCISCO, DENVER. v 14 > 2 Excelsior Straight-Way Back Pressure Valve. This valve has no dash pots, springs, guides or complicated levers to get out of order. It is simple, reliable and wel] made. Never sticks, and can be relied upon at all times when using exhaust steam for heating ; or when used as a relief, or free exhaust on a condensing plant, it has no equal. Itis noise- less and free from any complicated attachments. JENKINS BROTHERS, New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago THE AMERICAN TUBE & STAMPING 00, ‘ i ? HOT AND COLD ROLLED ucooneee vanized iron! » aaa 213, ___STRIPSTEEL. —_ ERG WILMU! @NUDDO MTG. UU, PS APOLLO BEST BLOOM GALVANIZED IRON What is the standard gal- STRIP STEEL. The WILMOT & HOBBS MF6. CO, MAGNOLIA METAL. Cz» Best Anti-Friction Metal Re ee ow Pac-Simile of Bar. gid wa dont : Ang Beware of Seinen Shae Snel Conners Rew FoR xe \s - ' La. “* 4 MAGNOLIA ME TAL 60., 113-115 Bank St., YORK. TEBE eae Apollo, ad Tes: eS oe rene | pe eer eee , ke 7 ee me Ps f + ay AR Tee pee mS ¢ = eet y en 7 A AN De faa) ye) ok ee THE IRON AGE. ~nxsonia Brass (WATERBURY BRAGS G0, | ™ PLuwe & ATwoon Ms Co, MANUFACTURERS OF OPPER 0. ESTABLISHED 1845. COE EE CS ain cme na mitt wary, com SABE ANG ROll Brass BRASS AND COPPER| Sisco ware aa Seamless Tubes, Sheets, Rods and Wire. PRINTERS’ BRASS, JEWELERS’ METAL, GERMAN og Diniindiiiaies GERM AN SILVER panel GILDING METAL, we RIVETS Tobin Bronze). w steer, nop ann wine | 7? Maas Bat Rinses, Tack Onatey Kore (Trape-Marx RecisTexep.) for Trimmings, &c. Condenser Piates,Pump Linings, Round, Square and Hexagon Bars, for Pump Key Stock 29 MURRAY ST., NEW YORK. Piston Rods and Bolt Forgings. Cutlery Metal 144 HIGH ST., BOSTON. T Boil penetese z ee — oilers Electrical Purposes 199 LAKE ST., CHICAGO, OLLI MILL : FACTORIES ¢ 99 John Street, - - New York. Plated Ware THOMASTON, CONN. | WATERBURY, CONN. ee also ‘<< ’ 9 Randolph-Clowes Co., ¢|“Pope’s Island White Metal” |fSCOVILL MFG. CO. Main Office and Mill, for like uses when extra drawing BRASS, and spinning is required. WATERBURY, CONN. ios aie -eiaienaiainia CGCERMAN SILVER MANUFACTURERS OF vere R SAMPLES. Sheets, Rolls, Wire, SHEET BRASS & COPPER, $) R32-A7AAAAAAAAAAAAY Bods, ‘Bette and Tubes, Brass Shelis, Cups, Hinges, er nibaineean Buttons, Lamp Goods. use, as there is practicall SPECIAL BRASS GOODS TO ORDER BRAZED BRASS & COPPER , no olrink in tt. Ever tried itt ; Factories, WATERBURY, CONN. ¥ TUBES. SEAMLESS BRASS & COPPER TUBES ‘TO 36 IN. DIAM. New York Office, 253 Broadway, Postal Telegraph Bldg., Room 715. Chicago Office, 602 Fisher Bldg. DOCCERSCECBESVGAGEA Money and Patience. DEPOTS: GREATEST DURABILITY. NEW YORK, CHICAGO, BOSTON. y Bridgeport Deoxidized Bronze 5| JO and Metal Company, JOHN DAVOL & SONS, Bridgeport, Conn. BY AGENTS FOR Nec NaN Ne Nee ee Neate ee | Brooklyn Brass & Copper Co., DEALERS IN COPPER, TIN, SPELTER, LEAD, ANTIMONY. 100 John Street, - New York. Matthiessen & Hegeler Zinc Co., LA SALLE, ILLINOIS. SMELTERS OF SPELTER Arthur T; Rutter AND MANUFACTURERS OF SUCCESSOR TO SHEET ZINC AND SULPHURIC ACID. Special Sizes of Zinc cut to order. Rolled Battery Plates. WILLIAM S. FEARING Selected Plates for Etchers’ and Lithographers’ use. Selected Sheets for Paper and Card Makers’ use. 256 Broadway, NEW YORK. ee eae ee Small tubing in Brass, Copper, ZINCS FOR LECLANCHE BATTERY. Steel, Aluminum, German Silver, &c. Sheet Brass, Copper and Ger- man Silver. Copper, Brass and AN ree CO so laa ane arte rea rae THE BRIDGEPORT BRASS CO., Best Bronze, Babbitt Met nets NN aa Som BRIDGEPORT. CONN. 29 Murray 8t., New York. GENER STEEL “ASS AND On -TERPERED_SPNGS. BRASS, BRONZE and ALUMINUM CASTINGS. 85-87 Pearl St., Boston, ee (hy; SIAR Ss D Founders, Finishers, ae W. G. ROWELL & CO., BRIDGEPORT, CONN. Bra Ss SHEET HENDRICKS BROTHERS AND TUBING Belleville Copper Rolling Mills, Copper | WIRE. Lamp Goods of all Kinds. Brazsiers’ Bolt an nane’t Sheathing GRASS AND COPPER GOODS COPPER, CorPrwErn WwiRE AND RIVETS. cent eee Importers and Dealers in 4 Wheol, $3.00 Ingot Copper, Block Tin, Spelter, Lead, Antimony, etc. 5 Wheel, $3.25 - Guaranteed. 49 CLIFF ST., NEW YORK. R. As HART, BATTLE CREEK, MICH. ‘THE IRON AGE THURSDAY, The Woodward Friction Water Wheel Governor. We here illustrate the friction water wheel governor of latest design built by the Woodward Governor Com- pany of Rockford, LIl. vovernor no radical departure has been made from the principle which has While in the construction of this proved so successful in the com pany’s vertical models, the parts have been rearranged so #& to insure greater simplicity and rigidity, and any part can be removed for repairs with but little disturbance of the other parts. The adjustments are easily made, and once adjusted the parts are not easily deranged either from wear or extended use very A severe test of this type of governor has been made FEBRUARY 5, L908 yates of suitable seen in the When pressed ugzainst the friction, move the means of shaft, turn the turbines in either direction by cear connection to an intermediate foreground in the cut, the turbine gate shaft. The driven from the which is in connected to speeder balls of the governor are separately main shaft of the installation means of the belt There is ulso a cam continuously revolved by shown in the cut and a spiral gear, which can be plainly seen in the foreground This cam will be noticed just below the spiral gear, Fig. 38. As the speed changes the rod of the speeder raises and lowers, carrying with it the tappet arms and tappets. These tappets can be seen one above and one below the cam mentioned above. THE WOODWARD FRICTION WATER WHEEL GOVERNOR at the three-phase power plant of the United Arsenal at Rock Island. ‘This test proved so satisfac- tory that the contract was obtained to equip the entire plant. ‘The installation when complete will consist of 20 50-inch turbines and four size B governors, and will furnish power, light and heat for all the Arsenal build- ings. At present 14 wheels and three governors are in The governors are geared to close the gates from full open in with the due to the operation of large induction motors, the great- States use. 10 seconds, and severe changes est temporary fluctuation does not exceed 3 per cent. The power to operate the governor is supplied from the main shaft of the water wheel and is delivered to the shaft of the governor by the large pulley shown in the background of the first two engravings. On this shaft is mounted a compressed paper friction. Sup- ported by sleeves on this shaft are two pans which, As soon as a change of speed occurs either one or the other of the tappets, as the condition demands, is en gaged by the cam and forced out from its center. This motion shafts to the main shaft, on which is mounted the fric and forth the the opening or this cam re without is then conveyed through suitable crank foreed back either tion, and as this shaft is friction is brought to bear on When the between the upper and engaging The very close adjustment, enabling the governor to act on speed that for the ordinary con no pereeptible variation of closing pan. speed is normal volves lower tappets either. cam mechanism is capable of so small a change of ditions of lighting speed will be allowed. At will not act upon the gate are steady, and consequently there is much less wear on service the same time the governor when the speed and load the gate mechanism than with a governor that keeps the ae lin et en : j } ij . ; 4 = Ps THE IRON AGE. gate in continuous motion, although so slight as not to affect the speed. Just below the cam and fastened to the same shaft is a concave disk, below which is a compensating wheel which travels loosely upon an oblique shaft. This shaft is geared to the intermediate shaft so that it revolves only when there is a movement of the gates. It is further provided with a square thread, as is also the compensating wheel. The object of this device is to avoid racing of the governor, and the principle is as follows: When the speed is normal the compensating wheel seeks the center of the disk, which is supported upon it, because this disk is constantly revolving with the cam. When a movement of the gates occurs the compensating shaft is revolved and the wheel will travel along its shaft in such a direction that it will separate the cam from the tappet when the gate has been moved to that point which will give the correct speed, after the momentum of the machinery has been overcome. During this interval the disk will return the compensat- February 5, 1903 A Consolidation of Soft Coal Interests. Frederick E. Saward, editor of the Coal Trade Journal of New York, has made the following statement to the New York News Bureau: There has recently taken place one of those concen- trations of interest for which the past few years have been so noteworthy, one of those groupings together of properties which will add to the benefit of those con- cerned, as well as of the trade. In the union of the Con- solidation Coal Company of Maryland with the Fair- mount Coal Company of West Virginia and the Somer- set Coal Company of Pennsylvania is found an example of the completeness of our captains of industry in their movements which makes the foreigner stand amazed. This is the latest alliance of the owners of coal prop- erties looking forward to great things for this industry. It is a matter of more than ordinary interest to the trade, as it unites under one management coal interests of unequaled importance in the seaboard bituminous Fig. 2.—View of Governor at Right Angles to Fig. 1. THE WOODWARD FRICTION WATER WHEEL GOVERNOR. ing wheel to the central position. This device can be designed to properly compensate for any condition,’ as the time element can be varied, not only by varying the pitch of the screw, but also by varying the speed: of the oblique shaft with a change of gears. This com- pensating mechanism absolutely prevents racing. This governor is the largest manufactured by the company. The friction wheel, 24 inches in diameter and 12 inches wide, is made with sufficient surface to trans- mit, if necessary, 5000 foot pounds per second to the turbine gates. All the gears are cut from the solid and are wide face and coarse pitch. The shafts are of ample size and are well supported in large bearings. The friction shaft, which is the only shaft that runs con- tinuously, has ring oiling bearings and from them there is a continuous supply of oil carried to the hubs of the pans, which are loose on the shafts. These pans are so constructed that it is impossible for oil which may work out of the bearing to get on the friction surface. a There is much leasing for oil and gas in Lawrence County, Pa., and the gas field is being considerably ex- tended. The resulting increase of pressure has‘been of great benefit to the gas supply of New Castle this winter. trade. It is also interesting from the fact that it indi- cates the confidence of large financial interests in the stability of the coal trade, the deal having been financed by the Guaranty Trust Company, a Mutual Life corpo- ration, embracing some of the best and most conserva- tive New York capitalists. It is also a tribute to the management of the Watsons that they have been able to enlist sou great an amount of capital under their con- trol. The general manager of sales will continue as here- tofore to have his offices in New York, in order to deal conveniently with the important Western and Northwest- ern buyers of coal who come to this city from time to time. There is no intent to belittle the importance of Baltimore in the coal trade, and probably all of the New England business will be handled at the Baltimore office. The governing factors in the Consolidation Coal Com- pany remain as before, to all intents and purposes, and have simply linked their interests with the dominating factors of the West Virginia companies. As to increased output, it can be safely said that this is a question to be decided by sufliciency of railroad equipment. The com- panies now have an output much greater than the Balti- more & Ohio Railroad can handle, but naturally the im- provements being made by the Baltimore & Ohio consti- THE February 5, 1903 tute an element of hope for future increases in tonnage. It can be safely said that the activity of the Western Maryland syndicate has po bearing upon this matter, as it had been arranged for in a certain way months ago. The Consolidation Coal Company are a 40-year-old concern and represented in their formation in 1864 a fair- ly large concentration of mineral lands; they have seven large collieries, and their output has reached 2,000,000 tons in the past year; the 10 feet of coal worked is known all over the world as a superior steam and smithing cecal. The Fairmount district has been worked for 50 years, at a gradualiy increasing rate, and James Otis Watson, father of the president of each of the three com- panies now linked together, was the pioneer operator therein; in June, 1901, an aggregate of many small prop- erties was consummated until the concern now have an Fig. 3.—Controlling Mechanism. output of 6,000,000 tons a year. The 60,000 acres of coal land now owned by this company lie in a triangular re- gion bounded by the Wheeling division of the Baltimore & Ohio road, the Monongahela River division of the same system and the Fairmount & Morgantown branch line. In all there are 40 modern mines now in operation by this company in this field, and the product of the com- pany is to be found wherever an efficient industrial fuel is used. They have never had a strike at their mines, and have forestalled any effort of agitators this year by voluntarily making an increase to date from January 1. The Somerset Coal Compary were formed in January, 1901, of 15 small concerns operating in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, having an annual output equal to 1,500,000 tons. It is well known in coal trade circles that the repu- tation of American coal bas been injured by the expor- tation of bituminous products unfitted for competition with the products of the mines of Great Britain. After the Fairmount Coal Company were formed to merge several highly developed properties in the “ big Cumber- land vein,” lying in the Meyersdale region, this coal came into play for export with great success. This is the only 10-foot vein remaining in Pennsylvania, and IRON AGE. the coal products therefrom contain a large percentage of fixed carbon. “ This does not mean a consolidation or combination,” said President Clarence W. Watson, in discussing the deal, “ but is simply for the purpose of putting the large and important coal interests of the companies concerned on a better working basis. The ocean going fleet of the Consolidation Coal Company will be strengthened and in- creased and, among other things, new markets will be established for Consolidation coal through the docks of the North Western Fuel Company, in which the Fair- mount Coal Company have a controlling interest. Here- tofore that market was never available for this coal. This step means much and 1s of vital importance to the interests of Baltimore. The general offices of the differ- ent companies will be located here, and the general busi- ness and finances of the greatest coal proposition in the country will be centralized here.” Mr. Watson said fur- ther that while the three companies will still be con- ducted separately and under separate management, the new arrangement cannot fail to benefit not only all three of the companies concerned, but the community at large. There will be no competition as to the selling of the coal, he said, because of the fact that each company mines a different grade of coal, but the field for each will be widened. Any concern which can load 400 large steel cars each day is a concern well worth talking about, and this is probably not the limit of their possibilities in the near future. It will mean much to Baltimore, for this will be the leading port for coastwise and foreign trade; both ihe Curtis Bay and Locust Point piers can be utilized. It should not be forgotten that the big schooner “Thomas W. Lawson” was loaded with 7325 tons of the Somerset -oal in ten hours without interfering with the general traffic of one of the companies now forming this linking; that shows what can be done with all three harmonized. cacemmeeinicincn Pricing Castings According to Shape. The Acme Steel & Malleable Iron Works, Buffalo, N. Y., have issued a circular with the title, “‘ Unintelligent Buying and Selling,” in which suggestions are made concerning the pricing of castings according to shape or intricacy of pattern. ‘The circular is as follows: The old fashioned way of buying and selling a line of castings by the average or flat price (one price for all shapes without specifications), is manifestly unfair, both to buyer and seller. Some such castings are sold at the same price as others that are worth 50 to 100 per cent. more or less. If the buyer pays, by purchasing at a flat price, more for a casting than he should if classed by itself, he is misled in his estimate of cost, and cer- tainly is not in position to compete with “ up to date” buyers, who buy their castings at independent prices. In these days ef close competition, no manufacturer can afford to do business blindly; he must know at all times the precise cost of every article, in order to be able to sell at a profit. In buying castings for a specialty which contains a variety of different shaped castings, it will undoubtedly be perfectly proper to buy all of the cast- ings for this specialty at a flat price; but, in cases where the manufacturer is purchasing a miscellaneous line of castings, it is certainly for his interest to know the ex- act cost of each casting in order not only to determine the selling price for the different designs, but also to determine the proper cost of the article for which the castings are used. He will often find it to his advantage to buy at independent prices; as by this system bids can be secured from different foundries on the special pat- terns at any time he is in the market for castings. Fre- quently it will be found that certain foundries who make a specialty of light work will quote from 10 to 50 per cent. less for light castings than foundries who make a specialty of heavy work; and, on the other hand, the producers of light castings are usually found to be from 10 to 50 per cent. higher in price on heavy cast- ings than those who make a specialty of this class of work. Therefore, in dividing the work as suggested, the buyer will not only know the exact cost of each casting, but will undoubtedly be able to secure a lower general average price than by any other plan. THE Scientific and Technical Notes. The storm winds upon Lake Erie and the changes of water level which they produce constitute a danger to navigation on account of the shallowness of water at both ends of the lake. The length of the lake is about 250 miles, with a maximum width of 60 miles and a surface area of about 10,000 square miles. The depth varies from 30 to 180 feet. The prevailing winds are from the west, and the frictional action of these winds piles up the water on the shore directly opposite it. The surface is never in absolute repose. The first elfect of a strong wind is to transfer from one end of the lake to the other sufticient water to disturb the condi- tion of hydrostatic equilibrium previously existing. Afier the maximum force of the wind has been exerted the lake tends to return to its state of stable equilibrium, which is reached by a series of rockings of the water of the whole lake about a nodal line passing through the center of the lake, the water at either end rising and falling until the condition of rest is attained. During a 60-mile gaie the level of the lake rose 8 feet 6 inches at Buffalo, and then fell to 2 inches below its normal, 16 hours later. At the west end of the lake the water level feli 4 feet 7 inches. The extreme difference in level between the two ends of the lake during this storm was thus 13 feet 1 inch. serious The pumpage of water for the city of Chicago during 1901 was at the average daily rate of 343,282,508 gal- lons, an increase of 20,276,310 gallons, or 5.9 per cent., over that for 1900. The amount of coal consumed for pumping purposes was, however, 2294 tons less in 1901. The daily pumpage per capita, based on a population of 2,083,025, was 164.8 gallons. cnmnenstiisilinipee Some of the iatest steam plants have pipes running from the header to the engine two sizes smaller than called for by the engine builders. These pipes, before reaching the engine, are carried into a wrought iron or steel receiver, which also acts as a separator. This re- ceiver has a cubical capacity of three times that of the high pressure cylinder, and is placed as near as possi- ble to the cylinder. The pipe from the receiver to the eylinder is of the full size. The object of this arrange- ment is, first, to have a full supply of steam close to the throttle; second, to provide a cushion near the engine on which the blow caused by the cut off in the steam chest may be spent, thereby preventing vibrations from being transmitted through the piping system, and, third, to pro- duce a steady and rapid flow of steam in one direction only, by having a small pipe leading into the receiver. This steam flows rapidly enough to make good the loss caused during the first quarter of the stroke. Plants fitted up in this way are successfully running, where tie drop in steam pressure is not greater than 4 pounds, al- though the engines are 500 feet from the boilers. Lignolite, invented by a German chemist, is madé by mixing sawdust with some chemical, the nature of Which is not divulged, and can be used for floor surfaces aud similar purposes. It can be spread in a moist con- dition, similarly to mortar, and is said to harden in 48 hours. It is claimed for this material that it is noiseless, impervious to water and incombustible. The registration in the Sibley College of Mechanical Engineering, Cornell University, has increased in the past three years from 556 to 886, or 59.4 per cent. The capacity of the buildings is heavily overtaxed. The power plant of the Atlas Tack Company. Fair- haven, Mass., is an interesting example of the class in which the boiler and engine rooms are located end to end. This arrangement has made it possible to locate the economizer in an economizer room adjoining the boiler room, taus leaving the space above the boilers clear for piping, and to distribute the different sizes of generating units to good advantage with respect to economy of floor space and size of building, without at the same time causing inconvenience hv undue crowding. IRON AGE, February 5, 1903 An unusual ferture is the provision of two pump rooms separating from the boiler room; one for feed pumps and the other for fire pumps. the engine room During the past three years the registration of stu- dents at the Massachusetts Institute of 'Technology has increased fiom 1157 to 1606, or 35.3 per cent. This rapid growth has necessitated the erection of ¢ new building for electrical engineering, one story high, and having a oor area of 43,000 square feet. The largest of the 47 rooms in this building is the power house, which meas- ures 42 x 324 feet. This is provided with a traveling crane, which can be moved throughout its length, and is connected with the adjoining lecture hall by tracks, so that heavy apparatus may be taken from the power house for the use of lectures. The London FEnginecr, in discussing the latest battle ship desigus laid down by the several powers, rubs it into the American product after the following fashion: “American naval architects are compelled to design to ‘whip creation.’ Any Congressman from some inland State is able to criticise and help to throw out any de- sign that does not appeal to him as whipping creation, and we shall have to wait for a big war to find out whether the peculiar conditions under which the amateur sets the pace in American designs are good or bad for naval architecture. Till then American ships must be things apart, so far as paper comparisons are concerned; compare them by whatever system we may select, they will always come out at the head of the list.” The increase made of late years in the energy of guns can be illustratea"by two examples taken from the United States Navy. A few years ago the 6-inch gun was 30 calibers in iength and weighed 4.8 tons; its muzzle veloc- ity was 2000 feet per second, using brown powder and a 100-pound projectile; the corresponding muzzle energy was 2773 fvot tons, and its practicable rate of fire was two and one-half aimed shots per minute. Its muzzle energy per minute was therefore 6932 foot tons. The latest type of 6-inch gun is 50 ealibers in length and weighs 8.2 tons; its muzzle velocity, using smokeless powder and a 100-pound projectile, is 2900 feet per sec- ond; the corresponding muzzle energy is 5836 foot tons, and its practicable rate of fire eight aimed shots per minute, giving a muzzle energy per minute of 46,688 foot tons, an increase of 573 per cent. over the older gun. The energy of one discharge, per ton of gun, has increased from 578 to 712, while the energy per minute has in- creased from 1444 to 5700 foot tons per ton of gun, An enormous dredger has been built at San Francisco for the purpose of building levees to reclaim the great extent of parily submerged lands bordering the bay. This land has been found to be of extraordinarily great value for agricultural purposes when protected from the annual floods. The dredger is of the common clam shell type, with hull 140 feet long, 50 feet wide and 11 feet deep. The boom is 154 feet long, thus allowing a work- ing circle of 810 feet, which permits work upon levees of very gentic slope. The bucket has a spread of 14 feet, and can raise at one time a load of 14 cubic vards, which, being sand ang clay, weighs 25 tons. The bucket makes ope round trip in one minute, the average day’s work being represented by S000 cubic yards. Instead of blowing down coal by means of dynamite an Englisi colliery makes use of a hydraulic cartridge, which is said to obviate the wasteful shattering of the fuel. This cartridge is. 20 inches in length. Orifices along its sides admit of the application of a pressure of 3’ tons per square inch. The total pressure is about 0 tons. When inserted in the hole the cartridge is coupled ip with a small hand pump. It is said that after the pump hes been in operation for a few minutes the coal breaks up and falls in great blocks. About 114 pints of water are used in the operation. The proprietor com- putes that the scheme saves him about $75 per week. In view of the conl famine now prevailing in the United States, it is of interest to note that Government February 5, 1903 geologists of Victoria and Queensland have recently re ported on the coal supply of Australia. They find no less than 62,000 square miles of coal bearing country in the Eastern States of Australia, the total quantity of coal availabie being estimated at upward of 240,000, 000,000 tons, or enough to supply the entire world, at the present rate of consumption, for 350 years. Nearly one half of the total amount is in New South Wales, and about two-thirds of the balance iu Queensland. One ton cf coal, in coking, gives off 6.85 tons of burnt evs and uses about 6.45 tons of air, a weight about 25 per cent. more than that required for complete combus- tion. The heat given off during the process is 16,300,000 B. T. U., which, properly used, would generate 7.5 tons of steam from and at 212 degrees F.; in practice, the evaporation 1s about 1.3 tons. The specific gravity of the burnt gas is about 1.1, and the specific heat 0.251. oe Stockholding by Employees. M. M. Garland, formerly president of the Amalga- mated Association, has written for the Vational Labor Tribune his views on the profit sharing plan of the United States Steel Corpcration, from which we take the fol- lowing extract: Very early in life I began the study of the various plans proposed by economists, theorists, &c., for better- ing the workman’s condition, and the most practical ap- peal seemed to be that of co-operation by werkmen in- dustrially. Being an iron and steel worker by inheri tance, the first effort was to look up the feasibility, and, if any, experiences in that line, and after some research found there had been a number of attempts made co- operatively, and that all had proved failures. On con sulting men who had been cennected with these enter- prises, it was found the causes stated by them were lack of money and business qualifications, dissatisfac tion on the part of the men over distribution of profits, absence of current rate of wages for each position, and, perhaps the most important, lack of discipline. About 1893 a strike occurred in the Kirkpatrick mill at Leechburg and a number of workmen decided to build a sheet iron plant. Being then president of the Amalgamated Association, we talked the matter over and exchanged ideas and experience. No better set of representative workmen could have been chosen than were these. They had considerable money, had good standing in the vicinity, some knowledge of business and were not visionary. The Canton, Ohio, Board of Trade offered some inducements in site and would take some bonds when the mill would be partly completed. The essential] feature of an agreement drawn up between the men was that scale or ruling wages should be paid throughout the mill. The manager, elected each year, had full authority to discharge for cause, whether the offender was a stockholder or not. In case of a stock- holder leaving the employ of the company, the company should first have the opportunity to buy his stock if he desired to sell. Certain portion of wages received was to be paid on unpaid subscribed stock, &c. The plan succeeded, and from the example thus set six plants, sheet or tin plate mills, respectively, with a greater or lesser part of the stock subscribed by the workmen, were started within six years in different parts of the country. When the tin and sheet combina- tions were formed, all of these plants, with one excep- tion, became a part of the combinations, at advantageous prices for their stock. To one who has been an advocate of this principle and had defended it as the most practical plan for the enhancement of the welfare of the workmen, as against the many, and perhaps more appealing theories, the op- portunity recently offered by some great combinations of capital to develop the system was as a dream, too great and vast to contemplate or expect its realization. Understand, we are now speaking of the principle of stockholding by employees. While a principle may be good, a plan offered in its name may be bad. Not being in possession of an official copy of circular said by the newspapers to have been offered employees for accep- tance, I cannot opine as to the fairness of these proposi- tions. THE IRON AGE. 5 ~ To me the principle of stock taking by employees is the American plan ef equality between workmen and capitalists; practical, not theory; it is co-operation’ that co-operates. It is a voluntary investment, not a reten- tion of wages. It means the reaping of deserved prem- ium, and not an additional charity offering by the em- player. It means the earned pension that enables men to stand erect, and forms an incentive fur men to strive to beome owners, rather than industrial pensions, grant- ed them voiuntarily for docile and long servitude, with many provisions attached, and which at best cannot incite men to their best efforts nor awaken greater in spiration than simply to exist until taken care of. It obliterates the degenerating influences of preached pa ternalism, and while it may minimize the number of strikes by bringing about a better conception of existing trade conditions, yet experience has taught that share holding workmen will strike against real intrusion of their rights as readily as would a nonholder. ee The Worcester Metal Trades Association. WORCESTER, Mass., January 30, 1903.—The Worcester Metal Trades’ Association had their first dinner Thurs- day evening, January 29, when 75 members and their guests assembled at State Mutual Restaurant. The as- sociation organized last spring, during the machinists’ strike in this city, for the better protection of the manu- facturers employing this class of labor. The dinner was to bring the members closer together by getting them better acquainted, and the result was such as to more than justify the gathering. The guests of honor were Kk. F. Du Brul of Cincinnati, of the firm of Miller, Du Brul & Peters, manufacturers of cigar mold machinery, and E. P. Robinson of the Atlantie Iron Works, East Boston. Among those present were C. W. Hobbs of the Hobbs Mfg. Company, president of the association: Charles E. Hildreth of P. Blaisdell & Co., secretary of the asso- ciation; Edwin W. Whitmore and H. V. Prentice of the Prentice Bros. Company, F. E. Reed and John R. Back of the F. E. Reed Company, Edward M. Woodward and A. M. Powell of the Woodward & Powell Planer Com pany, A. T. Matthews of the Matthews Mfg. Company. Ek. C. Harrington and J. W. Harrington of the Harring ton & Richardson Arms Company, George M. Wright of the Wright & Colton Wire Cloth Company, John C. Stewart of the Stewart Boiler Works, E. H. Marble, A. C. Marble and Charles F. Marble of the Curtis & Marble Machine Company, E. B. Dolliver of the Worcester Ma- chine Screw Company, E. H. Ingram and J. J. Wehinger of the N. A. Lombard Company, George H. Coates of the Coates Clipper Company, Frank L. Coes of the Coes Wrench Company, Harry W. Goddard of the Spencer Wire Company, W. C. Munger of the National Mfg Company, Reginald Washburn and W. P. O. Bement of the Wire Goods Company, Milton C. Snyder, with J. FE. Snyder; H. G. Barr of H. G. Barr & Co., Charles L. Allen and Aldus C. Higgins of the Norton Emery Wheel Com- pany, Clinton Alvord of the new Alvord Machine Com pany, Willie C. Young of the W. C. Young Mfg. Com pany, O. S. Kendall of O. S. Kendall & Son, Francis Reed of the Francis Reed Machine Company, Albert H Anthony of the McCloud, Crane & Minter Company, Albert B. Curtis of the Reed & Curtis Machine Screw Company, James Kindred of Boynton & Plummer, La fayette Robbins, David McTaggart of the Worcester Warp Compressing Machine Company, Alonzo W. Whit- comb and Arthur C. Scott of the Whitcomb Mfg. Com- pany, M. F. MeMahon of McMahon & Co., Richard E. Kidder, E. L. Stockbridge and Perley T. Stockbridge of the Stockbriuge Machine Company, Albert L. Rice of B. G. Luther & Co., W. E. Griffin of the Rice & Griftin Mfg. Company, and William Wattie of thr Crompton & hnowles Loom Works. Kerr, Stuart & Co. of Stoke-on-Trent, England, have secured a contract for heavy locomotives of the Ameri- can type for the Inter-Oceanie Railway of Mexico. It is stated that many builders in the United States com- peted, but the English firm guaranteed lower price and speedier delivery. i : ' ' | ste bd igabise= er x Da " " Oe a RO i Ee Bee Ke ET 6 THE IRON AGE. The Meguin Coal Stamping Machine. Franz Meguin & Co. of Dillingen, Germany, have re- cently built for the Roechling Works, at Voelklingen, a coal stamping machine, the object of which is to stamp the coal charged into coking ovens. Figs. 1 and 2 show the car which moves along the track over the stamping boxes. The electric motor M, through gearing drives the main shaft a, upon which are keyed cranks 0. By 900 Fiy. 1—Side Elevation. February 5, 1903 plates together. In the highest position of the slide the lever e strikes the lever g, Fig. 2, which operates the re- lease. The stamps are raised to the extent of the lift of the crank b, and from this hight drop down upon the coal piled into the stamp box, the blow being uniform. The two stamps, which are placed 900 mm. apart, drop in succession, since the cranks b are placed at 90 degrees to one another. When the stamps are to be stopped they are first Tue IrcN Ace Fig. 2.—End Elevation. THE MEGUIN COAL STAMPING MACHINE FOR COKE OVENS. means of connecting rods, c, the slides d are moved up and down. These slides, shown in detail in Figs. 3 to 6 inclusive, move on the stamp rods. The connecting rods c are attached to the pin z, Figs 3 and 4, and in the lower part there are two round holes, o, Fig. 4, into which the friction plates g, Fig. 6, are placed. The fric- tion plates are put under pressure or are released through the operation of the spindle s, Fig. 6, which carries a right and left hand thread. Mounted on the taper pin ¢, Fig. 6, of this spindle, s, is a striking le- ver, e, Fig. 2, which in the lowest position of the slide d strikes the lever f, Figs. 1 and 2, thus forcing the friction lifted to the highest point, for which purpose there is a special appliance. The lever h, Fig. 2, which occupies the position indicated by full drawn lines, is moved at right angles to the position shown by dotted lines. This throws into operation the brake i and prevents the drop- ping of the stamp, so that every stroke causes it to be lifted a little more. Simultaneously the stroke of the stamp is shortened by the fact that the rod k, Fig. 2, connected with the brake lever, pushes in the bar I, which strikes the striking lever e of the slide d before the end of the stroke. When the stamp has been lifted high enough the angle bar m, Fig. 1, attached to it February 5, 1903 THE strikes under the rod m and displaces the rod o, Fig. 1, which withdraws the blocks f, Fig. 1, by means of the curved guide p. The result is that the slide d, since the friction blocks do not operate, moves loosely on the stamp rod. The reduction in the stroke by introducing the auxiliary block 7 has the effect of reducing the stroke of the rods nm and o, and thus saving space in the design of the machine. When the mechanism is again thrusting back the lever h, Fig. 2, so that it is free from the angle drops back by its own weight. This pushes back the blocks f, the brake i is released by a roller attached to the lever h, and the stamps again make their full blow. thrown into gear by the is turned iron m, Fig. 1, and this rod n The weight of the stamps is 125 kg., the power re quired being 4 to 5 horse-power. The machine is run forward and back on the track by the gears q q, Fig. Figs. 3 and 4.—Details of Slide. THE 2, which are driven from the shaft r, Figs. 1 and 2. Be- tween them there is a coupling. At the ends of the track the motion is automatically reversed. Sarr The Russian Iron Industry. Simon W. Hanauer, United States Deputy Consul- General at Frankfort-on-Main, Germany, favors us with the folluwing: Russia’s iron industries have, for a long time past, suf- fered from depression. Many of the works were forced to sell their products at a lower price than cost of pro- duction. Efforts have been made to bring relief. A con- vention of the iron and metal working firms met some time ago to deliberate on the situation. The plate manufacturers have organized a syndicate at Charkow to regulate and improve the sale of their output. A similar syndicate has been formed by the iron and steel manufacturing firms of Poland. But the chief hope of the Russian metal working in- dustries rests in the Russian Government authorities, as the State is the largest consumer of their products. The Russian Government, under the powerful influ- ence of the Minister of Finance, Mr. Witte, made creat efforts to give relief to this important branch of trade, which Mr. Witte has been foremost in developing. Not only has the Government given all its orders for sup- plies to native works in all cases where the latter could furnish the articles, but it has opened new railroads and encouraged the building of such by private parties, and suggested new ways to give additional employment to iron and metal workers, promising its paternal care to foster such enterprises. One of these new ways suggested is found in a letter which Minister Witte lately addressed to the Imperial Technical Society of St. Petersburg, from which I make the following extracts: has The low price of iron products makes the use of iron as ma- terial in the construction of buildings, bridges, vessels, &c., not only possible but very advantageous. In spite of this fact, archi- IRON MEGUIN COAL STAMPING AGE. 7 tects in Russia have hitherto abstained from the use of iron and retained the old building method by exclusively using stone and wood. The expectation is warranted that fron ag constructive ma terial will henceforth be more employed, considering the pres ently ruling low Russian architectural art has been retarded in its development by adhering to wood in the building of roofs and in the construction of houses, bridges and general. The parts for which now timber is used would gain in lightness and superiority if constructed of tron. rhis could be done very easily, as the Russian iron works are already well furnished and amply prepared to meet the demands of architects, cven if iron construction material should be used extensively. I deem it indispensable in the interest of the Russian iron industries to earnestly strive for the use of iron as construction material in our building system I therefore address the Impe rial Russian Technical Society to take hold of this subject, and I propose that take the initiative in calling a con gress with the object to study this problem of “ utilizing iron as construction material for general use.” This congress is to prices of the same vessels in the society 1 i THE IRON AGB ~ ‘igs. 5 and 6.—Details of Slide. MACHINE FOR COKE OVENS. be composed of prominent and energetic men of all branches of urchitecture, of representatives of the metal industries, of mem- bers of municipal bodies, and of the different Ministries of State. Should your society require pecuniary aid in order to carry cut this proposition, I am ready to furnish it the means to any required amount whatsoever. In response to this very liberal offer of the Minister the directors ot the Technical Society have not only sig- nified their eall the but they have also decided to get up an exposition of all articles used by railways which come within the scope of the Minister's proposition. willingness to congress, cca aeeseilag A Profit Sharing Plan.—A comprehensive profit shar- ing plan has been adopted by the Mann Edge Tool Com- pany of Lewistown, Pa. The company not only offer to take their employees into stock partnership, as the United States Steel Corporation recently proposed, but advance the f:llowing plan to all who have been in their employ six months or more: “ Assume that any employee drew during the year regular pay to the amount of $800, and that the aggregate paid out for all labor for the year was $48,000, his share of the profits would be one-sixtieth. If the actual profits were $6000, $100, or an equivalent of 12% per fixed or regular wages. If the actual profits were $12,000, his share would be $200, or equivalent to 25 per cent. increase on his pay. We know of no reason why our employees should not, by virtue of this arrangement, add from 10 to 30 per cent. to their income, according io general conditions which may pre- vail.” his share would be cent. increase on his a The National Salt Company of Mexico City have placed an order for 33 cars with the American Car & Foundry Company. The same concern have also secured an order for a number of 30-inch gauge steel cars of 22,- 000 pounds capacity from the Mexican Exploration Company (Guggenheim) for the company’s mines at Velardena, in this State. 2 eg The Lovering Drawback Bill. Encouragement from Secretary Shaw. WASHINGTON, D. C., February 3, 1903.—The leaders in the movement looking to the liberalization of the drawback laws along the lines of the Lovering bill, which was recently the subject of an extended hearing before the Ways and Means Committee, have been greatly encouraged during the past week by the filing with the committee of an opinion prepared by Secretary of the Treasury Shaw, in which he approves the move- ment in strong terms and indicates his willingness to go even beyond the scope of the Lovering bill and to adopt the substitution system now in force in France. The fact that the secretary had communicated to the Ways and Means Committee his approval of the effort now being made to amend the drawback laws was made pub- lic some time ago, but in connection with recent hear- ings Chairman Payne has filed the text of the Secre- tary’s letter, which is as follows: “ Your letter of the 9th, asking my opinion of the Lovering bill, is received. The bill relates entirely to the subject of drawback and is intended to encourage manufacture by lessening somewhat the complications of the present law. Without expressing an opinion whether the bill might not be improved by redrafting, I am convinced that its object is wise. The power of the Government to raise revenue is well nigh limitless, and a liberal policy of drawbacks can be incorporated with safety. The policy o. the Government, I think, should be to protect the American market as far as possible for the American manufacturer, at the same time giving those who produce for foreign markets every possible encouragement. The present drawback rules are at best complicated. The Department ,favors the most liberal laws in favor of drawbacks, even to the extent of the policy pursued by France.” In commenting upon his letter in a statement to the correspondent of The Iron Age, Secretary Shaw said: * The longer I occupy my present position the more firmly convinced I am that a liberal interpretation of the customs laws is not. only permissible but wise from every standpoint. In the course of an address which I recently delivered I took occasion to say that, in my opinion, this rule should apply with special force with reference to drawbacks, and I wish to repeat what I then said. The whole scheme has been worked out in the interest of the exporter. Any country can afford to be liberal, I think, with those who find a foreign market for the product of domestic labor. There are always three prerequisites to the allowance of a refund of cus- toms duties: 1. The actual payment into the Treasury of the amount sought to be withdrawn. 2. The employ- ment of domestic labor in bringing the imported ma- terial to an advanced state of perfection. 3. The dis- covery of a foreign market for the article in its im- proved condition, and the actual exportation of the fin- ished product. People may differ upon the proposition whether the tariff is or is not a tax upon the domestic consumer, but all concede that it is a burden upon the exporter of manufactures from imported material. When it is once conceded, therefore, that the Govern- ment does not desire to profit at the expense-of its ex- port trade, then customs officials are justified in con- struing drawback laws as liberally as their language will permit, and legislators, I think, are justified in liberalizing these drawback laws as far as possible.” Explanation by Representative Lovering. To meet numerous inquiries made by members of the Ways and Means Committee at the recent hearing and subsequent thereto, Representative Lovering has filed a statement explaining the manner in which Section 1 of his bill would be executed, with special reference to the drawback methods now in force. The section referred to permits under certain circumstances the substitution of domestic materials-in the manufacture of goods for export, but requires the manufacturer to import or pur- chase foreign materials of equal quantity and product- THE IRON AGE. February 5 19u3 ive efficiency, but does not go as far as the French law, which authorizes an importer at one port to sell the cer- tificate representing the duties paid on raw materials to a manufacturer in another part of the country who de- sires to export from another port certain finished prod- ucts which may be made exclusively of domestic ma- terials. The statement referred to is in part as follows: “It is important in this connection that we should consider the action taken to collect drawback under the present law and the regulations of the Treasury De- partment. When the a