The Iron Age 1903-01-22: Vol 71 Iss 4

ee «P-to6r uve 1 angrysuy uvIUOsyyiUIg A Review of the Hardware, Iron, Machinery and Metal Trades. Published every Thursday Morning by David Williams Co., 232-238 William St., New York. Vol. 71: No. 4. New York, Thursday, January 22, 190}. pre Ay Raed ype Reading Matter Contents......... page 60 Alphabetical Index to Advertisers ** 167 Classified List of Advertisers... .. “ §6160 eee and Subscription Rates “‘ 73 , east ie ) } 22 pra tie oe Pe aae | i _ U peepee he vu) iss eee a 0 iL ali SMOHWHELESS. INSIDE LUBRICATED INSIDE LUBRICATED lew Inside Lubricated Smokeless Cartridges. To meet a growing demand, the U. M. Co. now presents to the trade these new cartridges loaded w ‘ith smokeless powder. They afford all the luxury of smokeless powder and a clean bullet; yet there is sufficient grease to prevent leading of the rifle barrel. The Union Metallic Cartridge Co., THE BRISTOL COMPANY, BRIDGEPORT, CONN. Waterbury, Conn. 313 Broadway, 86-88 First Street, Bristol’s Recording New York City. San Francisco, Cal. Instruments. For Pressure Temperature and Electricity. Silver Medal, Paris Exposition. All amen, Low Prices, and paoad SAMSON SPOT CORD CAHAL | Bi} IFRS See Page (ls, as Exe SSS Ss ss ee i THE GAPEWELL HORSE NAIL COMPANY HARTFORD, CONN. MERRILL BROS., ‘ae EDY nt 485 to 471 Kent Ave. Brooklyn, E.D,, N.Y. Soft Goal. Girard pane SAMSON CORDAGE WORKS, Boston, Mass. 9 aah i 2 ; CAPEWELL HORSE NAILS; : GA EWE ¢ rm) Branch Office, 11 Broadway, New York. - NEW PORTLAND, ORE., PD Cleveland City Forge and = “ - “Cle veland, oO . PHI A Branches ’ BUFFALO, . . ‘ era ere ee / OBTIOA DETROIT BALTIMORE, TURN BUCH UES. . Om LOUIS, CINCINNATI, NEW ORLEANS, C - BOSTON, SAN FRANCISCO, DENVER. 2 4 4 3 : REGULAR PATTERS. Q . Jenkins ’96 Packing. Makes perfect joint instantly ; does not have to be followed up. Makes joint that will last for years on all pressures — oils, acids, &c. Does not rot, burn, blow orsqueezeout. Recef bere highest award—Gold Medal—at the Pan-American Expo- sition. All Genuine Stamped with Trade Mark. JENKINS BROTHERS, New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago, vanized iron—you might as THE AMERICAN TUBE & STAMPING CO, well use poor tools as poor |HOTAND COLD ROLLED Successor to 150. STRIP STEEL. The WILMOT & HOBBS MF6, CO, PAGE stuff. APOLLO BEST BLOOM GALVANIZED IRON Don’t use refractory gal- MAGNOLIA METAL. Best Anti-Friction Metal for all Machinery Bearings. Pac«Simite.of Bar. b Aone de> f ra as. The standard is Apollo. Beware of, imitations. © 5 olf ABNOL METAL C0.,- sabe: past St, 4reinanufuctire all graces of Babbitt Metals at competitive prices, American Sheet Steel Company, New York 2 THE IRON AGE. axsonia Brass WATERBURY BRAGS GO,| Tue Pome & Arwooo Mrs Co OP COPPER C2 | once and mitt Vary, com SHGL alld ROI Brags BRASS AND COPPER . Seamless Tubes, Sheets, Rods and Wire. SOLE MANUFACTURERS Tobin Bronze (TRAaDE-Mark REGISTERED.) Condenser Piates,Pump Linings, Round, Square and Hexagon Bars, for Pump Piston Rods ana Bolt Forgings. Seamless Tubes for Boilers and Condensers. 99 John Street, - - Randolph-Clowes Co., Main Office and Mill, WATERBURY, CONN. MANUFACTURERS OF SHBET BRASS & COPPER. BRAZED BRASS & COPPER TUBES. SEAMLESS BRASS & COPPER TUBES TO 36 IN. DIAM. New York Office, 253 Broadway, Postal Telegraph Bidg., Room 715. Chicago Office, 602 Fisher Bldg. ee N. Y. Store, No. 122 to No, 130 Centre St. Providence Store, No. 131 Dorrance St. and No, 152 Eddy St. GERMAN SILVER IN SHEET, ROD AND WIRE for Key Stock Cutlery Metal Electrical Purposes Plated Ware “Pope’s Island White Metal” for like uses when extra drawing and spinning is required. WRITE FOR SAMPLES. APR AAR ARABRABA BABAR € GENUINE No. 1 BABBITT. » &¢ Handiest Metal you can y sc use, as there is practically » @ moshrinkinit. Ever tried it? BY » Saves in every way-—Time, : K€ Money and Patience. 2 ‘ GREATEST DURABILITY. ? (© Bridgeport Deoxidized Bronze K€ and Metal Company, P € Bridgeport, Conn. x Gere eee eee Matthiessen & Hegeler Zinc Co., LA SALLE, ILLINOIS. SMELTERS OF SPELTER AND MANUFACTURERS OF SHEET ZINC AND SULPHURIC ACID. Special Sizes of Zinc cut to order. Rolled Battery Plates. Selected Plates for Etchers’ and Lithographers’ use. Selected Sheets for Paper and Card Makers’ use. Stove and Washboard Blanks. ZINCS FOR LECLANCHE BATTERY. HENS inert ome oe ome See Tame can v.F WELCH MFc. co. ess SUDBURY STR STREET. BOSTON. HENDRICKS Pe ats 8 8e:74 West Monroe St. NOT aE ROI TCGE LOCUM ERNIE UU TIED Chicago. CASTINGS On Short Notice. BRASS, BRONZE and ALUMINUM CASTINGS. Founders, Finishers. W. G. ROWELL & CO., BRIDGEPORT, CONN. BROTHERS PROPRIETURS OF THE Belleville Copper Rolling Mills, MANUFACTURERS OF Brazicrs’ Bolt and Sheathing COPPER, COPPrER WiRE AND RIVETS. Importers and Dealers in Ingot Copper, Block Tin, Speiter, Lead, Antimony, etc. 49 CLIFF ST., NEW YORK. —AND— WiIRG PRINTERS’ BRASS, JEWELERS’ METAL, GERMAN SILVER AND GILDING METAL, COPPER RIVETS AND BURRS. Pins, Brass Butt Hinges, Jack Chain, Kero- sene Burners, Lamps, Lamp Trimmings, &c. 29 MURRAY ST., NEW YORK. 144 HIGH ST., BOSTON. 199 LAKE ST., CHICAGO, ROLLING MILL : THOMASTON, CONN. FACTORIES ¢ WATERBURY, CONN. SCOVILL MFG. CO., Manufacturers of BRASS, CERMAN SILVER Sheets, Rolis, Wire, Rods, Bolts and Tubes, Brass Shells, Cups, Hinges, Buttons, Lamp Goods. SPECIAL BRASS GOODS TO ORDER Factories, WATERBURY, CONN. DEPOTS: CHICAGO, NEW YORK, BOSTON. JOHN DAVOL & SONS, AGENTS FOR Brooklyn Brass & Copper Co., DEALERS IN COPPER, TIN, SPELTER, LEAD, ANTIMONY. 100 John Street, - New York. Arthur T: Rutter SUCCESSOR TO WILLIAM S. FEARING 256 Broadway, NEW YORK. Small tubing in Brass, Copper, Steel, Aluminum, German Silver, &c. Sheet Brass, Copper and Ger- man Silver. Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire. Brazed and Seamless Brass and Copper Tube. Copper and Brass Rod. “PHONO -ELECTRIC” WIRE. “It’s TOUGH.” TROLLEY, TELEPHONE and TELEGRAPH LINES. Mills sridsevort, BRIDGEPORT BRASS CO., Conn. to Murray St., New York. mii tpa alee HE IRON AGE THURSDAY, JANt The New Works of the Hampden Corundum Wheel Company. Something over a year ago the entire plant of the Hampden Corundum Wheel Company of Springtield, Mass., was destroyed by fire. The destruction was ab solute in every particular, so that in the work of rebuild ing the company were unhampered by any single portion of the original works. Owing to this fact they abled to introduce in the new establishment improvements which had long been contemplated, and which were intended to increase the efficiency and en- were en extensive RY 22, 19038 to the use of waste products in the shape of heat. It is and corundum rold bearing ores, while the no eXaggeration to state that the emery are treated as if they we combustion of coal is not considered complete or its lization made perfect as long as the temperature of the stuck is é nd 1000 degrees. How these S are ( ed out will be appreciated from the fol lowing description. It may be well to state in paren- thesis that this sa t is not to be considered as a com plete and thorough account of the entire works. Suf iicient time has not elapsed since the fire to permit the management to bring the entire establishment to the standard they have set up, and therefore our text merely Grading THE NEW WORKS OF THE a@ble them to manufacture their emery and corundum wheels at a much lessened cost. The changes embodied in the new design embrace processes and appliances commencing with the reception of the emery and corun- dum in a crude state, or in the condition in which they leave the mines, and in their manipulation through the several Gepartments to the storage and shipping rooms. What is of particular interest rests in the fact that these Innovations are marked departures from the usual prac- tice in works of this kind and in strate a step decidedly in advance. In carrying forward the work particular attention has been paid to the handling of material as it passes through the works, and in every instance possible man- ual labor has been dispensed with. Another and _ pe- culiarly noteworthy feature is the care which has been exercised in the saving of what are usually considered as waste products. This applies not only to the utiliza- tion of every particle of raw product received, but also every demon- case HAMPDEN VWachine CORUNDUM WHEEL COMPANY. and expected of mentions certain aspects which are interesting Which will serve to indicate what may be the works when finished. arrangement of the plant will be under- first floor, Fig. 3. The received in the and roller room, it is crushed and then distributed to the grading Fig. 1, diately below, then to the drying room above the The general stood from the plan view of the rock is crusher where room from Which it passes to the molding room imme- kilns, thence across to the burning, then down to the kilrs for turning reom for dressing and receiving the hub, and then to the stock room. Conveyors carry the crushed material from the rolls up to the grading room. After having been crushed the product is washed, dried and vlevated by ccnveyors to storage bins placed on the roof From here it is sent to the grading machines, or bolters, of ng shown in Fig. 1. These are of the usual construction, consisting of two slightly in- clined troughs, the bottoms of which are made of screens which there are two, one bei cm S a , * RG. AR rae fo Ponmtinns 0 2, ee ee of different meshes to the inch, so as to provide the proper grading of the material. At the right hand end of the machine are two systems of cams, which serve to agitate the troughs and thereby insure the passage of the material over the screens. At each screen is an out- let, or spout, through which the ground corundum flows into a barrel. Each barrel of all the different grades is subjected to the action of a blower, the arrangement of which is in- dicated in Fig. 2. The contents of a barrel is dumped into a receptacle, shown at the extreme right, from which it is elevated by bucket conveyor and deposited in the hopper shown in the center of the engraving. From the hopper it passes through an inclined pipe and emerges from the lower end into a barrel. A strong draft of air from the blower shown at the left passes through the inclined pipe and carries away all light impurities. The grading room, as stated, is just above the mixing THE IRON AGE. January 22, 1903 this construction the top of the kiln is a very flat dome or arch built on a radius of about 25 feet. This forms a platform used for drying the clay employed as a binder. At the end of a heat the dried clay is shoveled from the roof of the kiln and taken to the mixing room. Each kiln is fired in the usual way from coal fur- naces arranged in equal distances around the base. The floor of the kiln is provided with openings, which lead to an underground flue extending to the stack, as shown in Fig. 3. It is apparent that this construction is simpler than that usually followed, and provides for the utiliza- tion of a certain part of the heat which would other- wise be lost. But the scheme, as contemplated by the president of the company, William P. Leshure, goes still further, and use will be found for the heat passing up the stack. It is expected in the near future to arrange a boiler in the stack, which will be called upon to help out the main boiler, or to run a small supplementary engine. Fig. 2.—Blowing Out Dirt from Graded Material. THE NEW WORKS OF THE HAMPDEN CORUNDUM WHEERI COMPANY. and molding room. In the floor of the former are open- ings which lead to bins in the mixing room, which are by this means kept filled with a supply of the different grades of material. In the molding room the different grades of wheels are molded, some being tamped by hand and some being formed in a hydraulic press capable of exerting 300 tons pressure. From here the partly finished wheels pass to the drying room, which is heated through openings in the floor from the kiln room. The wheels are here placed in racks, and after having been thoroughly dried are lowered to the kiln floor. by a gravity elevator, the location of which is siown in the plan view. The Kilns. One of the kilns is illustrated in Fig. 4, while the general arrangement of the kiln room will be understood from the plan, Fig. 3. It is here that we find one of the most marked innovations of the entire plant. It will be noted that the kiln lacks the usual conical top, which in the ordinary construction serves as a stack, and through which all waste heat passes to the outside. In As is well known, the wheels intended for burning are placed in fire clay boxes surrounded with a packing of quartz. But in the present instance this method is not followed. The coarse emery or corundum coming from the crushers is taken to the kilns and is used for pack- ing the wheels instead of quartz. This system not only saves the expense of a quartz supply, but adds very ma- terially to the value of the abrasive by burning out cer- tain impurities found in it. The material having been once through the kilns is ‘conveyed to the rollers and ground to a fine state. Finishing Room. A portion of the finishing room is shown in the last engraving, the machine in the foreground being arranged for truing the sides of the wheels. This machine consists of a yoke arranged to move parallel with the bed upon the top of which suitable guides are formed. The wheel is carried in an ordinary chuck mounted on a shaft placed at one end of the bed. One arm of the yoke car- ries a tool post in which is mounted the cutter. The cut- ter is of the usual form, conical in shape, and made of Steel. It is carried upon a spindle which is free to re volve as the cutter comes in contact with the wheel. The cutter is moved along the wheel by a screw actuated from the rear end of the bed. After the wheel has re ceived its lead hub it is mounted upon an axle, and the face trued down by means of an ordinary emery whee! dresser. The wheel is then balanced on horizontal straight TURNING ROOM 126 0 a | BrOOOORV ODOUR OO, January 22, 1903 THE IRON AGE. 3 from Rangoon, the nearest s« iport, and SO miles east of Mandalay on the road to Kunlon, which is on the frontier of China. The structure, which was built for the Burma Railways Company, Limited, a railroad part- ly under the control of the Government of India, spans the Gokteik Gorge, formed by the Shungzoune River, which disap] sina natural tun ro feet below the viaduct foundations. The contraet for the bridge was THE IRON AGB Fig. 3.—Plan of First Floor. Fig. 4.—One of the Kilns. THE NEW WORKS OF THE HAMPDEN CORUNDUM WHEEL COMPANY. edges, tested under a higher speed than it will ever be subjected to in practice, and sent to the shipping room. meinem “From Steelton to Mandalay.’’—The Pennsylvania Steel Company of Steelton, Pa., have issued in the special interest of their bridge and construction depart- ment a strikingly handsome book entitled ‘* From Steel- ton to Mandalay.” This publication is a captivating history of the brilliant performance by the Pennsylvania Steel Company in the construction of the Gokteik via- duct in one of the Shan States of Upper Burma, 460 miles executed April 28, 1899, the erection proceeded through the following rainy season and was accomplished No- vember 1, 1900. The length of the structure is 2260 feet, its greatest hight 320 feet, and the weight of the steel used is 9,760,000 pounds. The erection was accom- plished under the direction of 35 bridge erectors sent from America, under whom were employed an average number of 350 skilled natives. A large number of il- lustrations reproduced from photographs give exceed- ingly interesting details in connection with the work of erection. AED ONT a, Jen see po tat abaepa nce sacmagnitiy Puree Ta Ua em ~ ey AS ce een — ACRES RI Ss ~~ tte ap fn en Oe ae Canadian Notes. Coal Duties. Toronto, January 17, 1903.—Manufacturers in To- ronto and other industrial centers in Eastern Canada wel- come the action of the United States in respect to the duty on coal. They consider that it marks the begin- ning of the end of coal duties as between Canada and the United States. Though the bill just signed by Presi- dent Roosevelt provides that the rebate shall be paid only during a single year, it is believed here that if the Dominion Government immediately makes bituminous coal free in a similar provisional manner, the upshot will be an agreement between the two countries to let each other’s coal in free for a period of years. At the present time anthracite coal comes into Canada free of duty, as it has done for many years. Bituminous coal, run of mine, is subject to a duty of 53 cents per ton of 2000 THE IRON AGE. January 22, 1903 of the line was in a normal condition no further argument would be needed. But the sentiment in favor of obstruction is so strong that the removal of the coal duties will not be effected without an active and vigorous campaign. In the fiscal year ending June 30, 1902, Cunada im ported 3,247,256 tons of bituminous coal, of which 3,204,- 627 tons came from the United States. Of anthracite it imported in that year 1,652,451 tons, all from the United States. In the same year it exported 1,817,534 tons of coal, of which 1,589,469 tons went to the United States. So the total quantity purchased from the United States is about three times what was sent there. Naturally, while the coal companies of Nova Scotia are highly pleased with the prospect of a free United States market for a twelvemonth, they do not relish the idea of having American soft coal competing with them on even terms in the Canadian market. James Ross, president of the Dominion Coal Company, remarked in Montreal on Thursday: ‘‘I hope Canadians will not be RON AGE Fig. 5 Finishing the Sides of Wheels THE NEW WORKS OF THE HAMPDEN CORUNDUM WHEEL COMPANY pounds, and bituminous slack coal 20 per cent. ad va- lorem, though such 20 per cent. duty is in no case to ex- ceed 13 cents a ton. In the tariff item prescribing the duty it is provided that if the United States should at any time fix the duty on bituminous, run of mine, coal at 40 cents per ton of 2240 pounds, the Canadian duty on such coal shall be reduced to the same rate. There is no further authority in the existing tariff for action by the Executive in the way of reciprocity in coal. But the Government is supposed to be favorable to a reduction of the coal duty to any basis the United States coal duty may be lowered to. The Toronto Globe, the leading organ of the Government, says on this subject: All that is necessary is to extend this provision (namely for reduction to 40 cents by order in council) so that the Ca- nadian duty may follow the American down to the vanishing point. Treaties are cumbersome affairs, easily obstructed by interested parties and liable to become sources of internaticnal ill-feeling. The needed change can be readily effected by re- ciprocal legislation in Congress and Parliament. Broadly speaking, the removal of the coal duties on both sides of the line is desirable, because Canadian miners have coal to sell which American consumers want to buy, and American miners have coal which Canadians want to buy. If opinion on both sides caught in this matter. The cases are quite different. The United States coal enters this country by means of the railways, while the coal from Nova Scotia goes to the States by water. It would cost Canadian companies at least $500,000 to receive proper accommodation for landing coal in Portland and Boston, and at the end of the year the Americans would resume the duty.” B. F. Pearson of Halifax, another director of the Dominion Coal Company, expressed doubt as to the sincerity of Congress’ reciprocity mood, and added that if American coal were free Nova Scotia coal might be pushed from its present place in the Canadian market. His company, he ‘said, has spent from $300,000 to $400,- 000 on their Montreal terminals. Free trade in coal, he said, might be a disturbing factor in the revenues of the Province of Nova Scotia, seeing that half the total in- come of the Government there comes from coal royal- ties. Manager Shields points out that reciprocity would let American coal interests into the Canadian market in summer, and not give the Canadian coal companies any particular advantage in the United States in winter. January 22, 1903 THE Ontario manufacturers get no coal at present from the Nova Scotia mines, and have never been able to get any. When application was made to Nova Scotia mine owners to tide over the autumn and winter scarcity of fuel, they replied that all their output was contracted for. It was hoped that the deepening of the canals would open the way for the shipping of Nova Scotia coal into Ontario, but so far no competition has come from that quarter. As Ontario manufacturers must get their coal from the United States, they want the duty removed. Reciprocity Sentiment, In a report adopted by the National Board of Trade at Washington on Thursday there is a resolution favor- ing action by the President, Congress and the American members of the Joint High Commisison, to promote re- ciprocal trade relations between the United States and Canada. In this part of Canada that resolution has stirred up considerable interest. There always was a feeling here that a basis could be found for an inter change that would be mutually more profitable than we can have under present tariff restrictions. At the same time it is felt that Canada’s tariff is much more liberal to the United States than the United States tariff is to Canada, and that there should be some very sub- stantial concession offered from the other side before the idea of further lowering the Canadian tariff is enter- tained. Such a concession, at least temporarily, is made by the abolition of the American coal duty, and the Ca- nadian people appear to be ready to reciprocate in kind. One of the members of the Dominion Cabinet, Sir Fred- erick Borden, Minister of Militia, made a speech in To- ronto on Thursday night at the banquet of the Anglo- Saxon Union, an association composed of Canadians and Americans. In that speech he referred to the question of reciprocity with the United States, declaring that there must be no cringing on Canada’s side, but that none but a fair arrangement would be entered into by this country. Canada, he said, is ready and willing to enter into such an arrangement with its neighbor. ** Adequate Protection.” R. L. Borden, leader of the Opposition in the Domin- ion House of Commons, spoke at a political meeting in Amherst, Nova Scotia, on Wednesday evening. He de- clared the platform of his party on the trade question to be “adequate protection.” The prime consideration he held to be the protection of Canadian producers of man- ufactured articles. Mr. Tarte, ex-Minister of Public Works, was one of the speakers at the annual banquet of the Brantford (Ontario) Board of Trade on Thursday evening. He said that he regretted nothing of what he had said about the fiscal and transportation policy of the Government, that he believed the order of the day was to increase pro- tection and build up the country. Canada’s Foreign Trade. The following is a comparative statement of the for- eign trade of Canada in the second half of the calendar year 1902, and the same half of 1901: IMPORTS. 1901. $56,936,189 38,627,997 $95,564,186 4,098 663 $99,662,849 15,678,543 PRODUCE ONLY 1901. $21,770,193 8,302,501 20,375,117 37,919,390 1902. $64,582,101 38,619,513 Se Gs ic sea e kein cee oo See Total ve Coin and bullion........ ~ $103,201,614 2839-121 $106,040.735 17,814,116 Grand total...... Duty collected EXPORTS DOMESTIC 1902. $18,418,617 6,889,775 23,607,946 45,178,795 Products of the mine........ ‘ Produces of the fisheries......... Products of the forest.... Animals and produce.... BOD ke chk sd ewe ee eecreans 16,385,584 21,516,306 ENING 9.8 6.db eke mewene ned 8,796,750 9,634,070 NONI dh 5 pra e- wwe tie eck eee 19,225 55,457 Total merchandise.......... $113,568,760 $125,301,466 Lead Duties. A deputation of silver lead mine owners of British Columbia waited on the Minister of Finance in Ottawa on Thursday with a petition to have the customs tariff [RON AGE. 5 on lead, ore, bullion bars, sheets, pipe, shot and other lead products raised to the level of the American duties on these articles. It was represented that such a change was required to save the life of the lead mining indus- try of British Columbia. It was stated that the present depressed condition of lead mining in the province was, in part, due to exclusion from the market of the United States, the smelting trust across the line having closed its furnaces against British Columbia ore; In part, to the low prices in the world’s market; in part, to the fact that manufactured lead comes in almost duty free from the United States. Though the paint manufacturers of Can- ada are large users of lead, they appear to sympathize with the efforts of the silver-lead interests to get the du- ties increased, but if these duties are increased the paint men want compensating increases of duty upon their finished product. The Finance Minister promised to con- sider the petition. Dominion Coal and Steel Companies’ Earnings. The Executive Committee of the Dominion Coal Com- pany and of the Dominion Iron & Steel Company met at Montreal on Thursday. The following statement covering the seven months ending November 30, 1902, was given out: Earnings coal department, nine months..... ....$1,821,673.36 Earnings steel department, seven months........ 265,035.56 Total eT Tee ee Ce CRT Pee $2,086,708.92 Bond interest, seven months........ $232,268.59 General interest, seven months........ 103,353.94 Coal lease, nine months.............. 1,200,000.00 Sinking fund, seven months....... 29,166.62 iil nds dud ir awa a ewe ae ae eed $1,564,789.15 TOG (GR os Ni aauwawetcutentcdoeaactawsares 521,919.77 Preferred stock dividend, seven months.......... 204,166.67 ee ee ee Cr Or ee er $317,753.10 One matter to which considerable attention was given at the meeting was the question of approaching the Gov- ernment to get a duty placed on steel rails and increased duties on other steel products. It was stated that the machinery for the structural steel mill was en route from Germany, and that the mill would probably be in operation by next May. James Ross, the president of the companies, leaves shortly on a two months’ trip to Eu- rope. Mr. Ross denies the statements recently made that there is any trouble with the ore, and that there have been any differences among the directors. 0. A. ©. J. — oe Edward Atkinson on Trade Unions. At Boston on January 15 Edward Atkinson lectured to members of the Cambridge Prospect Union on “ The True Form of a Labor Union.” Mr. Atkinson spoke principally of the textile workers, as he said that he knew most about them. He said that from 1860 until the time of the labor union the number of hours of the textile worker had been decreased more than any labor organization could hope to do. At the former date men were working 14 hours a day. New machinery and the general advancement in the manufacture of the product: made it possible to decrease the number of hours and have the same output. Ac- cordingly, the working day was decreased to ten hours. He never saw a time when there were not more va- cancies to be filled than there were unemployed laborers to fill them. In this statement, however, he excepted 1893, the year of the financial panic. Under present conditions Mr. Atkinson said that the unions were wrong in dictating to employers how they should conduct their business. The present system, he said, kept the chances of the laboring man’s advancing in the concern he is working for at a minimum. All la- borers are kept on a level, and cannot climb up the lad- der in accordance with their ability. _—— The American Cement Company produced 1,178,566 barrels of cement in 1902, as compared with 1,051,831 barrels in 1901. The company paid dividends of 8 per cent. on $2,000,000 capital. There are also outstanding $895,000 in bonds. A plan is under consideration to build a new 500,000 batrel mill, probably at Norfolk, Va. . | i eS a a 6 THE IRON AGE. The Brier Hill Blast Furnace Gas Washer. With the adoption of large percentages of Mesaba ores in blast furnace mixtures came the many troubles from furnace slips and the suspension of fine ore in the gases; the latter evil resulting in the deposition of flue dust upon the boiler tubes and the clogging of THB IRON AGE Fig. 1.—Cross Section. January 22, 1903 against the water at each pocket, or pass, A B C, whicn consists of a flue of sufficient area to carry the gases from the furnace, introduced into a larger flue of sufficient area to allow the free passage of gas around the smaller flue. The large end of the flue is then contracted and introduced into the next pass, as the smaller flue. The gas seal is formed by extending the larger end of the flues below the surface of the water in the tank to a depth sufficient to seal against an ordinary gas pres- sure, while the plane of the smaller end is raised above the plane of the larger end, to facilitate the free passage of gas between the rim of the smaller pipe and the surface of water under the seal. The larger ends of the flues rest upon channel bars, I, arranged across the tank, to which they are tied down to prevent lifting, while sufficient area is provided between the passes or pockets and the walls of the tank to allow free passage of gas to the air as a relief in the case of explosions or heavy furnace slips. The tank is supported upon piers arranged along either side; is of V-shaped construction, and provided with inverted bell doors along the bottom of ample size to remove all material collected in the tank. The tank is fed continuously with the waste water from the Fiy. 2.—Overflow. Fig. 3.—Scctional Side Elevation, rHi BRIER HILL BLAST the passes in the hot blast stoves, which greatly de- creased the heating efficiency of the plant and the life of hot blast connections. In order to provide an effi- cient method for removing these evils, R. C. Steese and E. L. Ford of Youngstown, Ohio, have designed and perfected a combination gas washer and pressure relief mechanism, the construction of which is shown clearly in the accompanying engravings. By reference to the sketches it will be noted that the gas is impinged against a surface of water, D, whereby the solid particles carried by the gas are thrown ‘upon the surface and rapidly sink to the bottom of the tank EK, provided to receive the same. The gas is impinged FURNACE GAS WASHER. hbosh, and the overflow, Fig. 2, which is adjustable, is so arranged as to wash from beneath the washer all material discharged from the cleaning doors. It is neces- sary that the doors be dropped periodically not more than once an hour to remove the flue dust from the tank, this operation requiring about five minutes’ time. The washer, as described, has been in continual operation at the furnace plants of the Youngstown Steel Company and the Brier Hill Iron & Coal Company for over a year, and it has been found that it will remove from the gas all flue dust with the exception of an im- palpable powder, which gives very little trouble, as it is practically all carried along with the gas and waste zases until it reaches the atmosphere. The above named companies are using, respectively, 95 and 87% per cent. Mesaba ore from the Biwabik mine, and the use of this washer has made it possible to reduce the labor of clean- ing stoves and boilers from a base of 14, in what was considered an efficient dust catcher plant, to a base of 1, to say nothing of the saving in wear and tear on brick work in stoves and boiler settings and the cutting of valve seats, tuyeres and blast connections. Gas en- tering the washer at a normal temperature of 450 de- grees I. is discharged with a loss of only 25 degrees, showing how little moisture is absorbed by the gas and the advantage, in this respect, that this type of washer has over the spray type. i A Memorable Address by Abram 5S. Hewitt. Reference has frequently been made to the remark- able forecast of the development of the American iron trade made by Abram §S. Hewitt many years since, when this country occupied a decidedly subordinate place among iron producing nations. A memorable address on this subject was made by him before the American Institute of Mining Engineers in New York, May 21, 1872. An extract from this address was printed that year as part of the prospectus of the Brady’s Bend Iron Company of Brady’s Bend, near Kittanning, Pa. Through the courtesy of E. W. Dewey, president of the Dewey Iron & Steel Company, Brady’s Bend, we have been favored with a copy of this prospectus, from which we take the report of Mr. Hewitt’s address, as follows: In 1856 I had occasion to trace the history of the manufacture of iron, and established what may be termed its law of development, rather rude indeed, but plainly dependent upon the growth of population, and the spread of civilization throughout the world. At that time the annual production of iron had reached about 7,000,000 tons, of which Great Britain produced 3,500,000 tons, and the United States about 1,000,000 tons. The consumption of Great Britain was 144 pounds, and of the United States 84 pounds, while the average consumption of the world was only 17 pounds per head of population. It was shown that the con- sumption per head was steadily on the increase, and that, consequently, the annual production was enlarging so rapidly as to double once in 14 years; and it was predicted, after making due allowances for all draw- backs, such as the wars which have unhappily taken place in the interval, beyond any possible expectation, that, in 1875, the production of iron would surely reach 14,000,000 tons. The actual returns show that in 1871 the production amounted to 13,500,000 tons, and in 1872 the limit of 14,000,000 tons will undoubtedly be passed; so that the estimate made in 1856 is more than realized. Meanwhile the consumption has risen in England to 200 pounds, in the United States to 150 puunds, and in the whole world to 30 pounds per head. It is not pos- sible to convey a more striking idea of the progress of the world during the last 17 years than this statement affords. The consumption of iron measures the progress of civilization, and it is impossible not to belive that the whole wor:d will ultimately r.quire as much iron per head as we now use in the United States, when a total annual production of over 70,000,000 tons will be required. But if these figures seem to be at all wild, no one can for a moment doubt that the next 17 years will double the present annual production of iron, bringing it up to 28,000,000 tons per annum; and I feel quite safe in asserting that the beginning of the twentieth century, which some among you may hope to cee, will witness an annual production of over 40,000,000 tons. You need not be told that iron is produced at less money cost in Great Britain than in any other quarter of the globe. This has enabled her to produce about one-half of the total annual make. Of the 7,000,000 tons made in 1855, Great Britain produced 3,585,906 tons, and of the 13,500,000 tons produced last year she turned out nearly 7,000,000 tons. It is evident, how- ever, that there are limits in the way of raw material and labor, beyond which Great Britain cannot go. January 22, 19038 THE IRON AGE. ‘ While I see no reason to doubt that there will be steady increase in production, it is evident that she will not be able to supply hereafter, a: heretofore, so much as half the annual wants of the world for iron. But, al lowing this proportion to Great Britain, there will stil remain 14,000,000 tons to be made by the rest of the world. The history of the trade, as well as the natural resources of the several nationalities, prove that the bulk of this additional product can only be made in the United States. We are, in fact, the only people who have kept pace with Great Britain in the ratio of in crease. In 1855, when Great Britain produced 3,500,000 tons, we produced 1,000,000 tons. In 1872, when Great Britain will produce 7,000,000 tons, we produce 2,000,- 00O tons—the quantity produced in Great Britain in 1847—showing that we are only 25 years in arrear of her magnificent production. At the same rate, there fore, we could make 7,000,000 tons in 1897. sut as Great Britain cannot possibly maintain her rate of in- crease, there does not seem room for a doubt that our annual production will reach at least 10,000,000, and will probably amount to 15,000,000 tons before the close of the present century. This means that 25,000,000 to 40,000,000 tons of iron ore shall be annually extracted from our mines, and that our coal production will ex- ceed 100,000,000 tons per annum, required for iron and other branches of industry. It means that an invest- ment of capital to the amount of $500,000,000 at least, and probably $1,000,000,000, shall be made in opening mines, erecting works and supplying the requisite ma- chinery of production. New York is already the finan- cial center cf the American continent, and is destined to be the main distributor of capital for the world. This vast sum of money will therefore be drawn from the ac- cumulations of capital controlled in New York, and its productive results will depend mainly upon the judg- ment and skill displayed in its expenditure. Here, then, is the common grounu on which capital and seience must meet and shake hands and be henceforth insepa- rable friends. But if it be the mission of science thus to reconcile capital with industry, it is the still higher and nobler mission of science to reconcile industry with capital. The world is full of the conflict between capital and labor. Where there should be peace there is war. Where nature intended an absolute harmony there is utter discord. For one, I am free to say, after the most careful investigation and very extensive ob- servation, that iron has heretofore been made at to» low a cost in foreign countries to allow the workmen engaged in its production a fair share of the necessaries and comforts of life. This is due to the fact that the possession of virgin resources in coal and iron made it easy to increase production beyond the present wants of society. The resulting competition has had the effect to reduce prices to so low a point that proper wages could not be paid, and mankind has been enabled to get cheap goods at the expense of humanity itself. — ae The suspension of the coal duty will operate greatly to the advantage of foreign coal interests having con tracts with consumers in this country. For instance, a Boston dispatch states that the Dominion Coal Com pany will benefit to the extent of 15 cents per ton sav ing on all culm shipped to the Everett Works of the Massachusetts Gas Companies, the duty having been borne by the former. Under the contract between these two companies there can be a minimum of 45,000 tons and a maximum of 65,000 tons shipped per month to Kiverett and the saving to the Coal Company through the removal of the duty on this culm will range between $81.000 and $117,000 for the year Anthracite furnacemen will be interested in the state- ment that in the week ending January 10, Pequest Furnace, at Oxford, N. J.. owned by Cooper & Hewitt, made 600 tons of basic pig iron, using 1 ton 1 hundred weight 3 quarters and 16 pounds of fuel to the ton of iron on ores yielding 53.65 per cent. The furnace is 67 x 16 feet, and the ores used were largely magnetic from the firm’s mines at Ringwood, N. J 4 ¥ eee amen Aimee PUES St ~ *. vie vn * 5 THE IRON AGE. January 22, 1903 because his larder shelf is 7 inches deep and 10 inches 66 Ion 99 ® One of System Ss Penalties. high and the cook may be illiterate. Bills must be : eae rendered in triplicate because Smith, wife and steward BY G. MILLER RUSSELL, BROOKLYN, N. Y. desire both individual and committee action. He must present bills on the first Saturday after the second Mon- In every business there is an abundance of good (ay of each month, regardless of grocer’s financial en- reason for a class of order which affects its regulation. gagements elsewhere, &c. If you are thoughtful the preservation of your system Probably no greater system prevails than that or- will not encroach too greatly upon that of your direct dained by our strong railroad corporations. Their au- connections. The best of purposes, if abused, will some- ditors deal with accounts only. They are without an where be taskmasters. The rule which makes light acquaintance with the heads of numberless substations your own cares may become burdensome to others. for merchandise, disbursement and purchase accounts. The root of a growing evil seems to be embodied Yet their order forms are simple. The only “ unusual” most strongly in our “ Order Forms.” The desire of all request is for bills ‘‘on their forms.’ The verbiage is creators of business system bears the mark of neces- terse, and a commendable feature is the similarity of sity for something that must be self acting in every forms of the various roads. One is impelled to duly department of its course. The wish might be ideal if acknowledge our great traffic systems as pioneers of we were universally a “‘ community in interest.” Revolt good office order and purposeful printed matter. will naturally ensue if there is coercion by unseemly The weakness of “ absolutely automatic” forms lies demands for absolute recognition of our pet makings. generally in their lack of simplicity. Plainness is a Smith gives his order to the grocer with caution to virtue worthy of unlimited culture. Facts are simple deliver print butter only, wrapped in triple paraffined things plainly registered. Probably no better illustra- paper, packed in ice and delivery only at 7 a.m., because tion of the worries that are unconsciously created may at that time will he open his refrigerator for heat be had than an exact reprint of details appearing in affected supplies. Again, his cereals must come in car- one day’s orders upon a concern whose willingness to tons just 5 x 7 in size and labeled specially on ends serve is thus sorely tried: eee regular order blanks you receive is numbered. The DUE We reserve the right to refuse to accept or pay number includes the initial preceding. for goods delivered on this order unless condi- tions and instructions mentioned in order are complied with. ORDER 1. Give acknowledgment slip the attention re- quested. 2. Show order and requisition numbers on in- voice and either on goods or tags. Send signed TERMS bill of lading showing order and requisition numbers, routing and car numbers in all cases at once on shipment. This is not a formality but SHIP an absolutely essential feature of our system. %. Invoices must apply on one order only. We are considerably inconvenienced by the non- attention to our particular request on every order to “GIVE THE NUMBER in making ANY references to THIS order on invoice or corre- Spondence.’’ READ THIS. We beg to call to your attention that each of our 4. Where memorandum shows on order per- taining to sending of our yellow manifest slips FILE (which will only appear in cases where shipment is ordered consigned to some other point than Akron) give it attention requested. 5. We will not assume payment for goods de- FOR livered by authority other than this form or our local form of order. 6. Unless previously agreed, we will pay no DELIVERY boxing or cartage charges. at 7. We will consider terms herein fully and finally accepted unless objection to same is re- ceived at time we receive acknowledgment slip. —————————— eee eoooaoaoaoaoaoaoaaeeeeQQqQqQqqqooooooueeeeeee eo esses eww” PLEASE ENTER OUR ORDER AS PER SPECIFICATIONS GIVEN BELOW, CARE.- FULLY OBSERVING THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS: SHIP TO orders, and to do so plainly and expeditiously we are obliged to index and number them. Will you kindly oblige us by giving attention to It is necessary for us to carefully follow up our this small detail? VIA. PUT ORDER NUMBER ON INVOICE. MAIL INVOICE WITH BILL OF LADING ON DAY OF SHIPMENT. THIS ORDER MUST NOT BE FILLEO AT HIGHER PRICES THAN LAST QUOTED OR SO CHARGED WITHOUT ADVICE. NO CHARGE ALLOWED FOR BOXING, PACKING OR CARTAGE ACKNOWLEDGE RECEIPT OF ORDER AND ADVISE US WITHOUT FAIL WHEN YOU WILL MAKE SHIPMENT. a Your invoice covering shipment of on account of our order No... _, Req. A.V._uweees,:~ is being held-at this office because of your failure to comply with our shipping instruc- tions Kindly forward two copies of BY, at once, and oblige, COO OOOOOOe=_=O__e__e_e_—eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeEe—EeE—=Ss=SE=E=E=EeEeEeEeEeEeEeESE=E=E=EE_OD"TD@Dap_T_—=——a=]EOElooo NOTICE.—If the order is to be sent to any other place or person than to the undersigned at this point, state on bill to whom and to what place goods were shipped. If goods are ordered to be shipped to any other point than__ . Send bill with Bill of Lading att-chea to the undersigned, and send Duplicate Bill of Lading to the de signated consignee. Send a bill for each shipment (not waiting to complete the order) on your own bill head, with a bill of lading Unless you can fill the order at once send a letter of advice. If there has been any change in price of zo xis since your last quotation mentioned above, notify us before filling order unless instructed otherwise. Always put the Number of this Requisition on your invoice to u§, otherwise we shall return your invoice to you N. B.— PLEASE REFER TO THE ABOVE REQUISITION NUMBER IN ALL CORRESPONDENCE. WE PAY NO CHARGES FOR BOXING OR CARTAGE. January 22, 1903 THE IRON AGE. rhe following instructions are mutually advan- | BILLING INSTRUCTIONS tageous to your house and to ourselves, and we ask FOR SHIPMENTS TO that your best attention be given thereto. | (ioods to be closely and securely packed in least || MAIL ORIGINAL BILL to St., cubic space. \ N. Y. Memorandum of net and gross weights, measure- | MAIL DUPLICATE BILL WITH PRICE and ments and contents of each package to accompany || EXTENSION and MEMORANDUM BILL ees WITHOUT PRICE, and BILL OF LADING to A bill of lading or duplicate receipt, showing || Branch to which goods were shipped. complete marks and numbers, to be sent immediately —— ae a ae SOT after each shipment by freight. Mark ORDER NUMBER, CONTRAGT NUMBER and MARK on all Bills. Packages sent by mail or express must have full || -————="""""> shipping marks and numbers on them in addition to | GENTLEMEN -—Enclosed find invoice our name and address and must be prepaid. i which you have put us to the inconven- All packages to be plainly marked with complete ience and expense of returning. You marks and numbers, as given in our order, and ¢ gross would save us this bother by conforming and net weights and measurements of each package to || to the instructions printed on each order appear thereon. as follows: MARK each Bill and Package as follows : Req. or Order No _job ()rder Dep't THIS ORDER 1S PLACED UPON THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS. DELIVERY Acknowledge receipt of this order by return mail and state when the material will be shipped. Delivery must actually be effected within the time | stated. | | | Ordered by Ordered for _Serd all Invoices to delivered. EACH INVOICE TO STATE ORDER NUMBER. RENDER ALL BILLS IN TRIPLICATE. for each order the day goods are SHIPMENT: All material must be forwarded by the par- ticular route named, otherwise the difference in freight and extra cost of cartage will be charged | This card MUST be fil out and returned im- mediately to to your account. All barrels, boxes, packages, bar iron and steel must be marked with your name and with our order number. INVOICES: An invoice bearing number and initials of the order must be sent at the time of each ship- ment, accompanied by a bill of lading. In bill- ing bar stock be sure that the number, size and weight of each kind appears on the bills. Order No. Will be Shipped SE Sign here.) Date of shipment must be definitely given. If order cannot be shipped entire, ad vise us before making parti: shipments. acicincinainainisi IMMEDIATELY AFTER MAKING SHIPMENT, DETAILED TRIPLICATE INVOICE MUST BE SENT | TO THE PLANT WHERE MATERIAL 1S CON- || Read carefully before entering this order. | Remarks | | SIGNED. BILL AND DUPLICATE, DETAILED This order must not be filled at higher prices than LIKE INVOICE, MUST BE FORWARDED TO PUR- last quoted or charged, without advice. CHASING CEPARTHS. —...................., JOBAND ORDER NUMBERSAND DESTINATION, MUST BE DISTINCTLY SHOWN ON ALL BILLS. No charge for boxing or cartage will be allowed. Send notice of each shipment and bill of lading. THIS ORDER NUMBER AND DATE OF SAME Make separate iInvoi e for each order. MUST APPEAR ON INVOICE. | ee SHIP BY FREIGHT, UNLESS OTHERWISE || “°2C¢! 2! Invoices promptly in duplicate. ORDERED. | Indicate on invoice discount’ for monthly or ro day ALL GOODS FURNISHED -iIACCOUNT THIS settlement. ORDER TO BE DELIVERED TO OUR SATISFAC- || All invoices on which there is no discount allowed TION AT DESTINATION. _ NO CHARGE FOR BOXING, CARTAGE, OR TRANSPORTATION ALLOWED UNLESS’ BY AGREEMENT. will be paid on the 2oth prox. Send monthly statement of account to Auditor. Address all communications care of Pur hasing Agent. SS SHIPPING AND BILLING INSTRUCTIONS. The OFFICIAL CLASSIFICATION requires that ALi. MACHINERY shall be securely crated or boxed to secure the second-class rate of freight and this classification applies to all — shipped from points East of Illinois. The WESTERN CLASSIFICATION applies to all machinery from points West of Indiana and reads as follows : ‘Wood Working Machinery, on skids, small detachable parts sailed and boxed” will secure first-class rate of freight, and the exact words quoted should be use