Statistics of the American and foreign iron trades. Annual statistical report of the American Iron and Steel Association.

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About Google Book Search Google's mission is to organize the world's information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers discover the world's books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web at |http: //books .google .com/I STATISTICS AMERICAN AND FOREIGN IRON TRADES FOR 1898. ANNUAL STATISTICAL REPORT AMERICAN IRON AND STEEL ASSOCIATION, COMPLETE STATISTICS OF THE IRON ANT) BTEEL INDUS- TRIES OF THE UNITED STATES FOR ISflft AND PKECED- INH YEARS AND A BRIEF REVIEW OF THEIR PRES- ENT CONDITION ; ALSO STATISTICS OF IMKJRTS AND EXPORTS OF IRON AND STEEL IN 1837 AND 1898, AND OF THE IRON ORE, SHIPBUILDING, AND TINPLATE INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES; ALSO STATISTICS OF THE FOR- EIGN IRON AND STEEL INDUgl 'XiT SI 1899 PRESENTED TO THE^-i PHILADELPHIA: THE AMERICAN IRON AND STEEL ASSOCIATION. No. 261 South Fourth Street. 1899. Entered, according to act of Congress, in the year 1899, BY THE AMERICAN IRON AND STEEL ASSOCIATION, In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. ;5y wsuuaoL' rVY 1 1913 Printed by ALLEN, LANE & SCOTT, Not. 12I1.I21S Clover Street, Phllsdelpblft. CONTENTS. LETTER TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE ASSOCIATION, . . IRON .4ND STEEL NECROLOGY FOR 1 STATISTICS OF THE AMERICAN IRON TRADE. General Review of the Domeatic Iron Trade 17-22 CofWolidations id the American Iron Trade in 1898 and 1899, . 19,20 Importt of Iron and Steel, 20,24,33,56 Esporla of Iron and Steel, 30, 24, 33-35, 5rt Exports of Agricultnral IinpleraentB 20, 34, 35 Imports of Iron and St^el from Great Britain, , 21,22 Exports of Iron nud Steel to Great Britain, 21,22 General StatiBticnl Summarj', 23-25 Shipments and Average Price of Conneltsville Coke 33, 24 Sliipments of Po<.:ahontiia Flat Top Coke 24 Shipments of Anthracite Coal from the PenuBylvania Mines, , 24, 56 Shipments of Cuinberland Coal, 24 Shipments of Monongnhela Bitnminons Coal and Colce 24 Miles of New Railroad Built in the United States 24.25,5« Imports of Tinplates, 24 Imports of Pig Iron, Spiegel, Ferro-manganese, and Ferro^iUcon, . 24, 33 Number of Locomotives Built in lHii8 and previous years, ... 25 Number of Freight and Passenger Qirs Built in 1897 and 1898, 25 Iron and Steel Shipbuilding, 25,53,54,60 Production of Tinplatee and Teme PlatPfl, 25,64,65,56 Average Monthly Prices of Iron and Sleel from 189B to 1899, . 25, 2fl Prieeft of Wire Nails at Chicago from 1891 to 1899 27 Avrrage Yearly Prices of Iron and Steel from 1894 to 1898, , . 27 Prices' of Tinplates at New York in 1897 and 1898, 28 Prices of Lake Superior Iron Ore, 23 Imiiortfl of Iron Ore, 29, 30, 5(1 Imports of Cuban Iron Ore from 1884 to 1898, 29,30 Shipments of Iron Ore from Leading Districts 30 Shipments of Iron Ore from the Lake Superior Mines, . . . 23, 30, 31 Receipts of Lake Superior Iron Ore at Lake Erie Ports, .... 31 Shipments of Iron Ore from the New Jersey Mines, 32 Shipments of Iron Ore from the Cornwall Mines, 32 t.'oneiimption of Iron Ore, . 32, 56 Imports of Manganese Ore from Oiba, 32 Prodnetion of Pig Iron in 1898 and preceding )'e8ri', . 23, 35-40, 66, 57, 58 Production of Pig Iron in Pennsylvania and Ohio by Districts, . 36, S7 Prodnetion of different kinds of Pig Iron in 1898 37 CONTENTS. PAGE Production of Pig Iron according to Fuel used, 37-39, 57, 58 Production of Bessemer Pig Iron by States, 39 Production of Bessemer Pig Iron in Pennsylvania and Ohio, . . 39 Production of Basic Pig Iron, 39, 40 Production of Spiegeleisen and Ferro-manganese, 23, 40, 56 Number of Furnaces in Blast, 40 Stocks of Unsold Pig Iron, 40,41,59 (Consumption of Pig Iron from 1894 to 1898, 42 Limestone Consumed in Making Pig Iron in 1897 and 1898, . . 42 Production of Bessemer Steel, 23, 43, 44, 56 New Bessemer Steel Plants Erected in 1898 and 1899, 43, 44 Production of Add and Basic Open-hearth Steel, .... 23, 44, 45, 56 Production of Open-hearth Steel from 1893 to 1898, 44 Production of Acid and Basic Open-hearth Steel CSastings in 1898, 45 Production of Open-hearth Ingots and Castings from 1894 to 1898, 45 Production of Open-hearth Steel Rails in the United States, . . 45, 47, 56 Production of Crucible Steel, 46, 56 Production of Miscellaneous Steel, 46, 56 Total Production of Steel, 23,46,56 Total Production of Steel Castings, 46 Production of Iron and Steel Rails, 23, 46-48, 56, 62 Production of Bessemer Steel Rails, 23,46,56 Production of Iron Rails, 47, 48, 56 Weight, per yard, of all kinds of Rails Produced in 1897 and 1898, 47 Production of Street Rails, 23,47,48,56 Production of all kinds of Rails from 1891 to 1898, 48 Production of Iron and Steel Structural Shapes, 23, 48, 56 Production of Plates and Sheets, 23,49,56,62 Production of Black Plates for Tinning, 49 Production of Wire Rods, 23,49,50,56,62 Production of Wire Nails, 23, 50, 56 Production of Cut Nails, 23, 51, 56, 62 Total Production of Rolled Iron and Steel, 23, 52, 56, 62 Production of Iron and Steel in Allegheny County, Pa., .... 53 Production of Iron Blooms and Billets from Ore, Pig, and Scrap, 54, 56 Statistics of Immigration, 55, 56 Summary of United States Statistics for 1897 and 1898, .... 56 Production of Iron Ore in the United States, 56 Production of Coal in the United States, 56, 62 Imports and Exports of Anthracite and Bituminous Coal, ... 56 Production of Bar, Hoop, Skelp, Structural Shapes, etc., .... 56, 62 Production of Rolled Iron and Steel in Pennsylvania by Districts, 60 Production of Rolled Iron and Steel in Ohio by Districts, .... 61 STATISTICS OF THE CANADIAN IRON TRADE. Production of Pig Iron, Bessemer and Open-hearth Steel, and Rolled Iron and Steel in the Dominion of Canada, ... 63, 64, 75, 76 STATISTICS OF THE FOREIGN IRON TRADE. Summary for 1838 and for tlie Early Part of 181)9 65 Proiiuction of Pig Iron, Beaaenier Sleel Ingots, Bessemer Rails, and Open-lienrth St«el Ingolfi and Kails in Great Britain, . . ft5, 60 ProductioD of PudiUed Bars in Great Britain 68 Prodactjon and Imports of Iron Ore by Great Britain, .... 68 Exports and Imports of Iron and Steel by Great Britain, ... 66,67 t^xports of Tinplates by Great Britain, 67 Imports ftnd Exports of Tin by Great Britain, 87 Production and Esports of Coal by Great Britain, G7 Production of Pig Iron in Germany 68 Produrtion of f'teel and Steel Bails in Germany, 68 Inijiorts and Exports of Iron and Steel by Germany, 68 Production of Iron Ore in Giermany and Imports and Esporle, 68 Production and Imports and Exports of C'oal by Germany, .. 88,60 Production of Pig Iron and Steel in Fra:ice, 69 Prodaction of Iron Ore and Coal in Fmnce CO, 70 Imports and Exports of Iron Ore by France 69 Production of Pig Iron and Steel in Belgimn, 70 Imports and Exports of Pig Iron by Belgium, 70 Production and Exports and Imports of Iron Ore by Belgium, . , 70 Pniduction, Imports, and Exports of Coal by Belgium 70 Production of Pig Iron in Austria and Hungary, ..,,,.. 70 Production of Steel in Austria and Hungary, 70,71 Production of Iron Ore and Coal in AuBtria and Hungary, ... 71 Pnxiuction of Ii-on Ore, Coal, Pig Iron, and Steel m Sweden, . . 71 Esportit of Iron Ore by Sweden, 71, 72 Production of Iron Ore in Norway, 72 Production and Exports of Iron Ore by Spain, 72 l*roduction of I^g Iron and Steel in Spain, 72 Production and Imports and Exports of Coal by Spain 72 Production of Pig Iron and Finished Steel in Itjily, 72 Imports and Exports of Pig Iron by Italy, 72, 73 PK>duction and Imports and Exports of Iron Ore by Italy, . . 73 Production and Imports and Exports of Coal and Coke by Italy, 73 Production of Pig Iron and Steel in Russia, 73 IVuduction of Coal, Lignite, Iron Ore, and Manganese in Russia, 73, 74 Production of Iron Ore and Lignite in Greece 74 Imports of Iron Ore into Japan from Mexico 74 Prodnction and Exixirts of Coal by Japan 74 Production of Pig Iron and Sleel in China, 74,76 I^oduction of Coal in India, AiiBtralasia, and South Africa, ... 75 Pndaclion of Coal, Coke, and Iron Ore in Canada 76 Pradttction of Pig Iron and Steel in Canada, 75 Imports of Pig Iron by Canada, 76 I^mductioii of Iron Ore in Newfoundland 78 I'roduction of Manganese Ore in Braxil 76 Produotioii of Tin in Bolivia, 76 LETTER TO THE PRESIDENT. HON. B. F. JONES, Prandm of The Amerkan Jroii and Steel AMOcialhn. Dkak SiK : I have tlie honor to present herewilh the Annual Statis- tical Report of the American Iron luid Steel Atwociation for IS9S. In addition tu the tieuat statistics of the iron nnd steel industries and re- liOtyl industries of our own ouuntry and the ueuul Necrological record the jiieeent Repirt contains a ftill accmint of tlie recent progress and present condition of the iron and Ht*el induHtriea of other countries, which account has spedal value at this time becuuge of the greatly increatted interest in late years 'it our iron »nd steel manu&clurers in fon^ign markets. Since the appearance of our last Annual Report in September, 1898, the work of this office haa been continued on tlie lines with whicli our members are now so familiar, and upon previous explanations of which work it is not, therefore, necessary now to enlarge. Much cler- iral labor ham been devoted to the task of keeping a record of the changes in ownersliip of iron and steel works that liave taken place as a conse<[uence of the numerous consilidations of iron and steel ^ firms and comiianies in the Iftsl. fwelve or fifteen months. Our large nuBcelliuieoiis correspondence has been promptly attended to. Our ata- ttfltics have been indnstriously collectc<I and given early publicity in the coltimns of the Bulletin. The financial condition of the Association during the year 181)8 is flhown by the following abstract of the statement of our Treaenrer. Mr. Andrew Wheeler, on December 31, I8B8: On January 1, 1898, the balance in the hands of the Treasurer was $1,203.35; the receipts from membeis and from advertisements in the Bulletin during the year were $10,750.75; the total amount available during the year was 911,- 960.10 ; the oicpenditures were f 10,780.<iH ; and tlie balance on bund on Decvmber 31, l«fl8, was $1,178.42. These figures do not include that part of till" cost of our Annual Report in 1898 and of our Directory for 1898 which was met by the income derived from their sale to bro- luws, commission merchants, and others who are not members of the Aasuciatton. I renew the expression of my obligations to Mr. William G. Gray for intelligent nssistance in the collection of our statistics, and to the Otficials of the Bureau of Statistics of the Treasury Department and other Bureaus of the Cieneral Government for valuable statiettcal infor> mation. I also express my thanks for statistical information to other gentlemen who are mentioned in the body of the Rei>ort and to a Urge ntunbcr of foreign statistical correspondents. Very Truly Yours, JAMES M. SWANK, Oaieral M'imgf. No. 2C1 Somi FovBTH Strebt, PniLAnKLPnu, May 5, 18911. IBON AND STEEL NECROLOGY. FKOM AtJGL-eT, 1698, TO MAV, ISJtO. IH{)8. ) Cnptain Thomas Shnrp, pre8ident of the ^pathite Iron Coin- puiy, of Noahville, Tennessee, died at Nashville, August 3, ISflR, in bie~ Bth year. He was bom in Pennsylvania on July 9, 1831, but settled D the South when only 17 years old. E. S. BIcLiin, of Ailegiieny Sty, Pa., September I, from the effects of u gunshot wound. Ue was 4 y«ani old. For a number of ye^re Mr. McLain was connected fcith tlie iron industry at New Castle, Pa. John A. Funattin, at lloonieburg, Pa., Sei>t«mber 14, aged 78 yean. He was born on Febni- try 9, IRZO. In early life he was connected with tlie Irondale FuniMces, I Blooinsbuig. James R. Moore, secretary and treasurer of Moor- lend. Brother & Co., Incorporated, of Sharpahurg. Pa., September 19. It. Moore wan a native of England, and was bom .16 years ago. Stomas CollJDB, a prominent railroad contractor, at Bellefonte, Pa., Sep- imber 25, aged 75 years. He was born at Munster, Cambria county, He woe a member of the Bellefonte Furnace Company. Abmham Hurm Futtereon, treasurer of the Pulaski Iron Company, of Puluski, V'a., bd prominently identified with other iron and steel enteqirisee, at Port Eennedy, Fa., September 27. Mr. Patterson, was the son of Morris Pat- iraoa, and was bom at Philadelphia 49 years ago. Joseph Mather tniuard, a member of the Cleveland Rolling Mill Company, of Cleve- ■nd, Ohio, September 28, ut East C'leveland, aged 68 years. E. A. Wnden, vice president of the Richmond Standard Spike and Iron bmpuiy, at Richmond, Va., October 3. General James L. Bolsford, at ToungBtotni, Ohio, October &, aged (17 years. Ho waa for many years 1 officer of the Mahoning Valley Iron t'omjiany.- — -Charles Meredith ilPuy, at his home in New York, October 7. Mr. DuPuy was bom Ptiiladelphia in 1823. He was long engaged in experimenttt in the Uiofocture of iron direct from ores for the production of fine steel. ii Ban Herbert is a member of the firm of Anderson, DuPuy & Co,, m1 manufiirturore, of Pittsburgh. William H. Shoenbcrger, formerly resident of Pittsburgh, <Jctober 10, at Cobourg, Canada, aged about i years. He waa a son of George K. Shoenborger and grandson of Dr. Pet«r Shoenberger. He was born at Cincinnati. He was for a time aaenciated with the original Shoenberger Company, and afterwards he bMamo a member of the firm of Shoenberger, Blair & Co. An- ~ w IJ. Smith, president of the Ia Belle Steel Company, of Pittsburgh, of the first persons to ship coal down the Ohio river in 1W8," October 21, at his home in Allegheny City, aged almost 7S He was bora on November 11, 1820. John Gjers, tlie in- of the leaking pit, at Bournemouth, England, October 7, 1898, about 6S yeaiB. He was born at Gothenburg, Sweden, in 1830. 6. Blair, October 22, at Pittsburgh. Mr. Blair was bom at Kit- ND 8TEEL NECROI.OGV. tanning in 182-'>. He v/rb the eon of Tliomas Blair, attorney, and grandson of John Blair, of Blur's (jap, after wliom Blair county named. In early life he aseociated himself with G. & 3. Q. Shotrn- t<erger, one of tlie pioneer iron manufacturing tinns of Pittsburgh. Tht* tirm developed into Slioenbeiger, Blair i^ Co., with which he was con- nected until his retirement alKJUt 25 years ago. John H. Dialogue, the well-knowa ehipbuilder, llctober Si, at Camden, N. J., aged about 70 yeai*. He was bom at Philadelphia of French-German anceatrj-. Georse Lloyd, Sr., a native of England, and a pioneer iron manu- facturer of the Shenango Valley, Pa., at his home in Sbenango town- Bhip, Mercer county, October 24. He retired from the iron biurinesG in 1805. Horace B, Miller, a native of Pennsylvania, at hia reaidence in Brown'a Valley, California, aged 5fl years. He wa* with Farragul at the opening of the MisBianppi river. After the war he conducted the Amrrifim Mai'hmiii, a trade paper of New York City. David Har|i- Bter, at Harpeter. Ohio, October 20, He waa one of the moBt exleneive wool growers in America, and was a factor in most of the wool tariff I^alation for the past nuarter of a century. Col, George E. Waring, Jr., of yellow fever, at New York, October 29. Col. Waring was the most prominent sanitary engineer in this country. He was bom at Poondridge, N. Y., July 4, lSi3. He contracted yellow fever while on a professional visit to Havana at the request of the Government. Franklin P. Kaercher, for the last eighteen years secretary of the Phila- delpliia and Heading Coal and Iron Company, November b, at Phila- delphia, aged 50 yeare. He was bom. at Pottsville. David A. Well the noted free trade writer, at Norwich, Conn., November 5. He born at Springfield, Mass., June 17, 1828. Samuel Lee, the foBnc of Leesport, Berks county. Pa., November 8, aged 92 years. helped to drive the flnrt stake in the survey of the East Pennsylvania Railroad. J. Harri' Smith, who waa connected with the Lalance and GroHJean Manufacturing Company, of Woodhaven, Long Island, as stock- holder and superintendent for over twenty yearB, November 9, at Brook- lyn, in hia 72d yeur. Colonel Thomas Donaldgon, widely and fiivors- bly known as a publicist and man of letters, at his home in Philadel- phia, November 18, aged almost .^5 years. He waa born at Columbus, Ohio, of \'ii^inia ancestry, December 27, 1843. Wlien in hia 18th year he enlisted in the Union army and served until the close of the civil war. He was an ardent advocate of the protective policy. John E. (^raeff, for many years a prominent cool merchant of Philadelphia, Nox-ember 18, in his 78th year. He was bom at Pine Grove, Schuyl- kill county. Pa., and was in his early life a Lutheran minister. W. Keely, the inventor of the " Keely motor," at his residence in Philadelphia, November IS, in his i2d year. He was bnn at Phil phia, September 3, 1827. Mr. Keely never patented his inveution. Lindley Smyth, a retired merchant and banker of Philadelphia, N( vember 18, in bis 83d year. He was bom at Wilmington, Delaware, on July 28, 1816. He vae the father of Marriott 0. Smyth, president of the I*trobe Steel Company. W. M. Wilson, vice president of the American Steel Caetmg Company, at New York City, November iil«- I Lee ^^ was bom at Wan«n, Ohio.— General Iton Cnrlos Buell, at his home in SluhlenbuTg c»unty, Kentucky, November 10. (itneral Buell was born nem Ixiwell, Ohio, March 23, 1818. He reinforced Giant at the battle of I'itlabiirg Landing. After llie war he whs president of the C5reen River Iron Works. Sir John Fowler, who was engineer-in -chief uf the F<irtli Brid)!*, November 21, aited HI yeiira. He was bom ut Wadsley Hall, Sheffield, in 1817. Morrin P. Jnnney, ot Pottstuwn, Pa., Novem- ber ao. He iiaa bom at Philtuielpliia, Febniarj- 1, 1850, He filled po- sitiims of responsibility with the Fottsiown Iron Company and the Olendon Iron Company, J. Tuylor (iauee, president of the Harlan and HotUng^worlh Company, at Wilmington. Delaware, December 1, aged 75 years. He was born September 30, 1823, on his father's farm iienr Keonett B(|uare, Pa. John Baixley, projirietcr of one of the krg- c« marjiine ahopei in Phila<lelphia, December 3, at the age of 73 years. Mnjor Alonzo Loring, who had been prominently identified with the irnn and steel interests of Wheeling, at St. Loois, December 7. He was bom at Batavia, N. Y., August 20, 1820, George H. Parriah, one of the oldest resiilenta of Wlllcesbarre, Pa., ajid a prominent coal oper- ator, December 10, aged 79 years. He was bom at Wilkesbarre, May 10, 1819. Edmund 8. Wliitaker, son of the late George P. Whitaker, pro- prietor of Prindpio Furnace and Foi^. in Cecil county, Md., suddenly, December 13, at Principio, where he was bom. He was a brother of Hon. N. E. Whitaker, of Wheeling, W. Va, James Gardner, flre-brick iBonaGuiurer, of Camberlond, Md,, formerly of Johnetown, Pa., at Cum- berigjid. December 15, aged 73 years.- — -Henry A, Chapin, who devel- oped the Chapin iron ore mine in Michigan, December 16, at his home In Nilee, Michigan. He was bom in Massachusetts, October 13, 1813. Col. James Colioril, treasurer of the Oliver and Snyder Steel Oom- ]iany, at Pittsburgh, December 10, aged about 02 years. Diiriitt; the cinl war he made a splendid record, attniniug t!ie rank of colonel. John E. Wootteu, fonnerly general manager of the Readii^ Railroad and in- ventor of valuable engineering dei'ices, includii^ the Wuotten locomo- lire, at Philadelphia, December 1(1, in his 77th year. William Burt, at Marquette, Michigan, December ID. aged about 73 years. He was bom at %[t. Vernon, Michigan, October 31, 1825. He was the son of Judge Wm. A. Burt, the first white man to discover iron ore in the Ijike Superior region. This discovery was mode on September 16, 1844, near the eastern end of Teal Lake. Alexander Nimick, one of the most prominent iron and steel nianufecturers of Pittsburgh, December 20, in his 79th year. He was born at Pittsburgh, Febmary 2, 1S30. Mr. Knnit'k was a member of the manufacturing Amis of Singer, Siraick & Co., Phillips, Nimick & Co., and the Kemble Iron Company, and was seaior member of the firm of Nimick & C-o., metal brokers.- ^James D, Gl»ire, of Portsmouth, Ohio, at Columbus, Ohio, December 21, in hte 77th year. He was born at Washington. D. C, November 13, 1822. Mr. Chdie was the princijMl owner of Bloom Furnace, at Bloom Switch, 8c]oto county, Ohio, and of Madison Furnace, at Rempel, Jackson coun- ty, Ohio. These were cliarcoal flimaces. He was also one of the build- ■ of Huron Furnace, at Jackson, Jackson county, Ohig. Mr. Claire 12 IRON AND STEEL NECROLOGY. was also the president of the Ohio Stove Company, at Portsmouth, es- tablished in 1872. John H. Bringhurst, at Philadelphia, December 24, in his 87th year. He is reputed to have been the first sawmaker in Philadelphia, antedating Henry Disston. He was at a later day con- nected with the Philadelphia Iron and Steel Company, of which he was president and which operated a rolling mill on the Delaware river. He was bom at Grermantown. Colonel P. H. Moore, editor of the Ohio Valley Manufacturer, at Wheeling, December 26. When the' civil war opened Mr. Moore cast his fortimes with the Confederacy and rose to the rank of lieutenant-colonel in the engineer corps. In 1859 he es- tablished the Wheeling Daily Union. The Ohio Valley Manufacturer was established twelve years ago and Colonel Moore had ever since been its editor. John W. ChalfEUit, at his home in Allegheny City, Pa., De- cember 28, of paralysis. Mr. ChalfiEint was born December 13, 1827, and was a graduate of Jefferson College. Soon after his graduation he en- tered the office of Spang & Co., who operated an iron rolling mill at Etna, about five miles east of Pittsburgh. He subsequently became the active head of the company, the name of which was changed to Spang, Chalfant & Co. He had also been the active spirit in the Isabella Fur- nace Company, whose furnaces, built in 1872, are also located at Etna. The Spang Steel and Iron Company, with works also at Etna, built in 1880, is another enterprise with which Mr. Chalfant was actively iden- tified. The Hon. Justin S. Morrill, United States Senator from Ver- mont, at his home in Washington, D. C, December 28, as the result of an attack of grip, followed by pneumonia. Senator Morrill was born at Strafford, Vt., April 14, 1810. He lived all his days where he was bom. Senator Morrill had served continuously in one or the other branch of Congress since December, 1855, when he first took his seat in the House of Representatives — a period of 43 years. He was the father of the Morrill protective tariff of 1861. He was opposed to reciprocity, the an- nexation of Hawaii, and the acquisition of the Philippine Islands. C. W. Cadwallader, a member of the firm of Hamilton & Co., manufac- turers of black plates at West Newton, Westmoreland county. Pa., and the owner of a tin dipping plant at Pittsburgh, December 30, 1898. He was a native of Ohio and was about 50 years old. (1899.) William H. Piatt, a member of the firm of Scranton & Piatt, which was merged into the Lackawanna Iron and Coal Company, at New York, January 1, aged 77 years. Sherman D. Hubbard, founder of the Hubbard shovel and axe manufactory at Pittsburgh, January 2, at Elkhart, Indiana. He was born in Vermont and was 76 years old. W. Dewees Wood, a leading iron and steel manufacturer of Pitts- burgh, January 2, of pneumonia. He was born at Philadelphia, April 17, 1826, and was nearly 73 years old. Mr. Wood was trained by his father in all the details of the manufacture of plate and sheet iron, and at an early age was intrusted by him with the management of the Delaware Iron Works, near Wilmington. His identification with the iron industry of Pittsburgh and Allegheny county dated from 1851, in which year, in company with his fiither-in-law, Richard B. Gilpin, he established sheet-iron works at McKeesport. Since 1871 he and his I toiiB hAve exclusively owned and mnniiged tlie works. Mr. Wood wa? &Uo uoe of Llie owners of the worka of the Welleville Plate and Sheet Iron Oomiany, nt WellHville, Ohio. John T. Murdoch, at Pittsbutgh, Janiury 3, aged 82 years. He was boru at Edinburgh, Scotland, He WW one of the oldest steel workers in Ihe country. He was employ- ed at the Crescent Steel Works for 25 years. ,Iohn S. Lyon, secre- tary nnd treasurer of Hie Firlli-Sterling Stee! Company, January 5. nt Fitti)biir;gh, aged about 42 years. He was born in Centre county, Pu. .lames Dennistoo, former presideikt of the Hollidayaburg and Gap Iron Works, at Ilolliilayeburg. January S, aged 71 years. He was bom Nt Indiana, Pa., in 1827. Edward B. Grubb, January 8, at the Pres- byierian Hospital, Philadelphis.. He was the treasurer of the SlieriUon Iron Works Limited, of Sheridan, Pa. S. Stuart Lyon, at Bellefonte, Pa., January 11. He was 76 years oKL He was bom in Pena's Valley, Centre county, and whs the son of John Lyon, one of the oldest and foremost ironmasters in the country in liis day. Herbert 0, Ayer, nt one tiiae n. promineut iron merchant of Chicago, January 12, in a sanitarium at Newark, X. J., aged 60 years. The Hon. Nelson Ding- ley, of Maine, January 13, at Washington, D. C, in his (i7th year. As the author of our present tariff Mr. DJiigley's name will long be re- membered. The Dingley tariff was hie lost and most important con- tribution to wise Congressional legislation. He was born at Durham, >I>ine, on February 15, 1832. Samuel R, Purke, president of the I^keebuiY National Bank, of Parkeeburg, Pa., and fonnerly treasurer of the Parkesburg Iron Company, at Parkeshurg, January 13. aged 66 years. Jacob Capp, a retired iron manufacturer of Lebanon, Pa., January 16, aged 74 years. Thomas Gogin, at Boston, January 17. He wne bom at Stamford, Conn., February 2fl, 1824. He began life ns a roller in Cooper, Hewitt & Co.'s rolling mill at Trenton and was af- terwards employed as a roller at the Quineigamond mill of Henry S. Washburn at Worcester, Mass., until 185.S, in which year he went to South Boston aa superintendent of a rod mill which Mr. Washburn built in the same year. In 1857 tiiis mill was piircliased by Naylor A Co. and styled the Norway Iron Works. Here Mr. Gogin remained as mperintendent until 1S84, when he retired from active businesa. William Henry Lnmpton, January 17, at New York City, aged 86 yeant. Mr. Lampton was a successful manu&cturer of pig iron in the Hang- .ing Rock reirion of Kentucky and Ohio sisty years ago. M^jor Jed- ediah Hotchklss, chief of staff of engineers to "Stonewall" Jackson in his Shenandoah Valley campoign, at Staunton, Vb., January 18, aged atiout 71 years. Major Hotchkiss ^^'us born at Windsor, Broome coun- ty, S. Y., and went to Viiginia fifty years agi). He was active in the dcTcIopment of the Iron and coal industries of Virginia. J. Btodget Britton, the distinguish e<I chemist, formerly of Philadelphia, at his resi- dence in Warrenton, Virginia, January 19, aged 80 years. His " Iron- niiurt«»' Laboratory," in Philadelphia, was establialied in 1866. He was bom at the village of I^Iantua, now a part of West Pliiladelphia, Feb- mnry 2S, 1819. In early life he successfully practiced law in New Ot^ leBM, General Selden E. Ma^^■in, of Troy, N. Y., at New York City, IRON AND STEEI. NECROLOGY. January 19, in bis Wth year. He was bom at Jamestown, N. Y., on Auguet 30, IS35. General Murvin was long identilied ae eecretAry and Irmsurer with tlie iron and steel firm nf Jolm A, GriBwold & Co. and it« snccoBBorH, the Albany and Ronsselaer Iron and Steel Company and the Troy Steel and Iron Company. Imac Eberly, February I, at ColumbuB, Ohio, at the age of 85 years. Mr. Eberly was born near £phrata, Pa., and went to C'Olumbiis when 17 years old. He was the president of the Franklin Iron Worke, which bnilt Franklin Furnare, at ColunibuB, in 1873. William Neal, of Blooinsbur);, Columbia county. Pa., February 6, ^^d S6 years. Mr. Neal was a member of the linn i)f McKelvy & Neal, which built Bloom Fnmape, at Bloomeburg, in 1M7. At a later day the fomace was owned and operated by Mr, Neal and hia aons. Of paralj-sis, at Webster tfroves. Mo., February 13, the Hon. A. W. Campbell, of Wheeling, one of the proprietors of the Wheeling JnCfUij^ncn- and until a few year« ago its editor. Mr. Camp- bell woa also the president of the Benwood Iron Works about IW'2. John Adams Emereck, at h[s home in Langhorne, Bucks county, PiL, February 15, aged 71 years. Mr. Emereck was horn at Hudson, N. Y. He was at one time president of the Eiu'ekn Cast Stcd Com- pany, of (-'heater. Pa. W. H. Conner, superintendent of the foundry department of the Edgar Thonumn Steel Works, at Braddoek, Pa,, ■Tanuary 29, aged 57 year^. &Tr. C'onner n'oe horn at Cumberland, Md, Alexander P. Sterlhig, at Canajoharie, X. Y., February 9, aged If! years. Hia father, Jamea Sterling, was one of the early settlers of .lef- ferson county, and owned a numl>er of iron mines and fiimaces there, Alexander P, Sterling si>ent most of his liffe in the iron trade. R. H, Johnson, general manager of the Columbua and Hooking CohI and Iron Company, of apoplexy, ot Columbus, Ohio, February 15. He waa bom in New England on April 14, 1844. He went to ColumbuH in 1893. Charles Howanl Porter, vice president of ihe Hollldaysburg and Gap Iron Works, at Hollidaj-sburg. Pa., February 18, aged 5St years, William Fanx, at Philadelphia, February 19. m hie 83d year. He was buried at Riverside Heights, opposite Danville, Pa. He waa horn in Northumberland county. Pa. After the civil war he built a rolling mill at Danville, which was removeil to Denvtr, Colorado, after the panic of 1873. Colonel Arthur L. Conger, at Des Mouiec, Iowa, Febrvi- ary 25, aged 61 years. Colonel Conger waa for many years one of the leadii^ manufacturers of Ohio, his enterprises embracing agricultural implement*, tinplate works, and many other specialties Daniel M. C«uffiel, at his residence in Jenner township, Somerset county, Pa., March 1, m his 80th year. He waa horo September 7, 1819. He was one of the last of the charcoal furnace managers in Western Pennsyl- vania. There is now not one cliarcoal furnace in Western Pennsyl- vania where fifty years ago there were hundreds. Thomas Hobart, , at East Orange, N. J,, on March 4, agecl 81) j-cars. From 1862 to 1872 Mr. Hobart was associated with Edward I^wis in the managerapnt of the Lake Erie Iron Works, of Cleveland. Ohio. William B. Middle- ton, general manager of the Taylor Iron and Steel Company, of High Briilge, N. J., at New York, on March 8, from the eifeila of a surgical IKOX AND STEEl, NEfROIXKiY. upetUton. He was bom on September 17, 1^49, and was therefore in hie 50Ui year, A. J. HawB, of Jobnetown, Ph., a. prominent firtvbrick manubrturer, and one of Oie e*r!y employ^ of the Cambria Iron I Cmniiaiiy, at Philadelpbia, on March 9, in hie "Slh year. Jeremiah Heiul, a celebrated English metallurgical engineer, at Hastings, Eng- land, March 10. He vraa managing director of the liltia Sl«el Oompaoy, I Bf Cleveland, Ohio. He was born at Ipswich in 1833. William C. I Cnlbum, president of the Detroit Bridge and Iron Works, at Detroit, ' Michigan, March 12, aged l>2 yeara. He was born in Vermont Frank Carter, at Pottsville, Pa,, March 23, at the age of 65 years. In I 1871 Mr. Carter waa appointed land agent for the Pluladelphia and I Rcttding Coal and Iron Company, whicb position he held until his I deatli. Joseph H. Jackson, who was engaged in the iron buainesa in [ S*w York City, March 23, at MorriHtown, N. J., agetl 80 years. He e bom at Rockaway, N. J., and for a number of years was engaged I with his uncle, Colonel Joseph Jackaon, in the iron btisinesB there. f In IStS be went to Sfaryland and was interested in the Mount Savage I Iron Company for ten years. Jamea Williams, at Johnetown, March 2«. He was bom on June 13, 1818, at Wella-by-the-Sea, Norfolk coun- I ty, England, -ifter following a seafaring life for many years he located I at CVIaaauqua, Pa., and entered the »en-ice of the Crane Iron Company. 1 In 1854 he removed to Johnstown and was for many years a foreman of tlie Cambria Iron Company. William Alien Smith, Marfh 24, at I Xgw York Cit>'i a^ed 51 years. He wse bom at Amherst, Mossachu- For several years he was oinployeil by Cooper, Hewitt & Co. L and Phelps, Dodge & C-o,, in Sew York. For t!ie last few years be J Itad been with the Harvey Steel Company. Colonel Eilwin Jefferies, I at Gennantown, Philadelphia, March 29. He was hrinx at Lancaster, I Pk., on June 20, 1815, and was educated as a civil engineer. In 1858 he I formed a partnership with the late J. Barlow Moorhcod in the inan- I ufiictnre of pig iron at Conshohocken, with which his active career I tended. Joseph McC'lure, March 29, near Sharon, Pa., aged 89 years. 1 In 184a he formed a partnership with B. B. Vincent and David Him- I rod, nnder the flnn name of Vincent & Himrod, who erected and op- f eraled Mary Ann Furnace, on the Shenango river. William Cham- [ l)«"r» Diekey, president of the Cumberland Steel and Tin Plate Com- I pauy, April IS, at Cumberland, Md., aged 50 years. He was bom at I Oxford, Pa. Jackson D, Brooks, of Wilkinsburg, Allegheny county, Pft^ April 21, at I,,os Angeles, Cal., aged 46 years. Mr, Brooks had been ill iJie employ of the Camegie Steel Company, Limited, for several s as n clerk, .lames Asa Adair, at Wihninglon, Delaware, April 1 22, aged 47 years. He was formerly connected with the Carnegie Steel [ Works and the Harlan and Hollingsworth Company. Alfred E. ■ Hunt, captain of Battery B, National Guard of Peimsylvania, and preai- dent «f the Pittsburgh Induction Company, at Philadelphia, April 2G, Dfft^i +1 years. He was born at Douglass, MaseachuBetta. L. M. Pit- kin, pn-gident of the Variety Iron Works Company, of Cleveland, war) [ Mrack by a railroad train and instantly killed at Coita, ii suburb, April He was 70 years old. STATISTICS OP THE AMERICAK IRON TRADE FOR 1898. OENERAI. REVIEW OF THE DOMESTIC IBOJJ TRADE. EEFERHiNfi to our last Anmial Report, which appeared iu September, IH>9H. the industrinl situation in this wrnntry as it ihen pK«cnieil itself was thus summed up : " In tiie period that haa elapsed since the Dingley tariff became a law there has been greal«r industrial activity in this country than iu any other iie- riod of twelve miintha since ]8S)2. Iu all inanufueturing lines there has been an increased demand for manufactured products and more general employment of labor. But the revival of in- dostrial activity which followed the enactment of the new tariff waa greatly promoted by the fortuitous circumstance that there was an extraordinary foreign demand in 1897 for our agricul- tural products, which has continued in 1898." In the general ini- provejneut in business iu 1897 and 1898 which is here noted the iron nnil steel industries of the Uuited States had fully shared, Tlieic was au increased demand for iron and steel. Thin was the industrial sitnalion in our country eight mouths I ago. The favorable conditions which then existeil have continued to the present time and have become more and more favorable m the days have pastil. The demand for manufactured aittcles 9 steadily increased ; the foreign demand for our surplus agri- cultural proiiuets has i>een well maintained; the carrying capacity of the railroitds has been taxed to the utmost; prices genemlly have risen and wages have advanced. While the correct settlement of the tariff question by the eu- ' actment of the Dingley tariff on July 24, 1897, had given confi- . dence to the business world, and particularly to our manufactu- rers, ami while the increased foreign demand for our agricultural products bad greatly increased the prices of these jiroducts, so that, as has been stated, the industrial condition of the country bad greatly improved, there were still needed two ailditional in- Hueneea to assure complete prosperity to our mannfiictnring in- dustries and the industries ihat are directly dependent upon them, namely, higher prices for manufactured articles and higher wages for the labor that produces ihera. Both of these aids to com- plete prosperity are now effective in many of the leading maun- 18 STATISTICS OF THE AMERICAN IRON TRADE FOR 1898. facturing industries of the country, and their extension at an early day to all productive industries is confidently looked for. In the iron trade prices began to advance in December, 1898, and they continued to advance slowly but steadily in January and the early part of February of the present year. In the lat- ter part of February this conservative advance was succeeded by excited markets, which condition lasted until the latter part of March, when prices became stationary. They have since under- gone but little change. Until the advance took place in Decem- ber Bessemer pig iron at Pittsburgh ranged throughout the year from $9.75 to $10.50, Bessemer billets at Pittsburgh from $14.75 to 816, and steel rails at Pennsylvania mills from $17 to $18 ; oth- er prices showed similar narrow fluctuations. But from December, 1898, to March, 1899, prices advanced as follows : Bessemer pig iron at Pittsburgh to $15.65, Bessemer billets at Pittsburgh to $25.50, and steel rails at Pennsylvania mills to $26. Coincidently with the advance in iron and steel prices, particu- larly after the advance in February, the wages of iron and steel workingmen which did not rest on a sliding scale were volunta- rily increased by the manufacturers. This increase represents to- day an addition of at least 10 per cent, to the wages previously paid. There has been no serious strike for higher wages in the iron trade recently, and there have been few strikes since 1892. For many years the best possible understanding has existed in this country between the large corporations that are engaged in the manufacture of iron and steel and their workmen. The wages paid have been the highest that the iron and steel markets would afford, and the men have recognized the fact that they have been fairly treated. The day for serious trouble between employ- ers and employed in t^e iron trade of this country has gone by. While the controlling influences in restoring complete prosper- ity to our country have been the right settlement of the tariff question and the foreign demand for our surplus crops of 1897 and 1898 there have been other favorable influences that should not be overlooked. The low prices of our manufactured products which have prevailed for several years, coupled with the superior character of these products and the enterprise of our manufac- turers, have enabled us to send constantly increasing quantities of these products to foreign markets, iron and steel and manufac- tures of iron and steel being especially prominent in this increase in our export trade, while the low prices referred to have also greatly reduced our imports of manufactured goods. Increased STATIsncH OP THE AMERICAN 1 vxportfl Bud decreased imports of iii tin ti fact ui'ed goods have co- operated with the iiicrensed foreign demand for our a^cuitural products to greatly iiicrease our previouBly favorable balance of trade. Instead of sending our gold abroad to pay for iJie prwl- ucls of foreign workahops other countries have eent us large 'juautities of their own gold in 1897 and 1898 to pay for the {■roducta of American workabops and American farms. Fnrthei-- more, ilie Spanish war of 1898, like nil destructive wars, had a E^timulating elfect upon the business activity of the country bv creating a demand for supplies for the army and navy, this de- nuujd putting in circulation hundreds of millions of dollare, We bare bad, therefore, from our improved balance of trade and the Spanish war a great increase in the amount of money in actual circulation in our couutry, which fact of itself, independently of the caiifies that have created this condition, could have only a beneficial eflect upon general buainesa, by stimulating enterprise, eubaiiciug prices, and increasing wages. It is otiicially stated that the per capita circulatiou of money on April 1 of the pres- ent year was e25.45. against «2.3.69 on April I, 1898, $23.01 ou April 1. 1897, and «21.53 on April 1. 189fi, Kflferruig more particularly to the course of the iron trade dnce the beginning of better times in 1897 the enormons pro- duction of iron and steel in 1898 and thus far in 1899 is of first importance. In 1898 we made more pig iron than in any previous year, more Bessemer steel, and more open-hearth steel, and rolleil more wire rods, more structural steel, more plates and theets, and, with tlie single exception tif the year 1887, more Bteel rails. Not only was there an increased production of iron aad rteel in 1898 m compared with 1897 but there was a greatly increased production. I'rices, however, as has already been stated, did not advance until near the close of 1898, so that the con- sumers and not the producers received the benefit of the year's ■■xtrionlinary production. It is also true that most of the orders for iron and steel that have beeu filled during the early months of 1899 were taken at the low prices that prevailed before the preeenl standard of values was estublisherl. The year 1898 witnessed the be^nning of a mo«ement in the iron trade of this country that may fairly be classed ae revo- lutionary and the progress of which is being watched with the deepest interest. We refer to the numen>us consolidations of iron and steel firms and companies, new corporations with large eapital and centralized management taking their place and ab- 20 STATISTICS OF THE AMERICAN IRON TRADE FOR 1898. sorbing their business. The capitalization of the corporation that have already been organized exceeds five hundred million ^ ■/ of dollars. These new corporations are not trusts in any sens and should not be referred to as trusts. We enumerate them a follows, in the order of their creation : The American Steel an Wire Company ; the Federal Steel Company ; the American Tir plate Company ; the National Steel Company ; the United State Cast Iron Pipe and Foundry Company ; the Virginia Iron, Coa and Coke Company; the Empire Iron and Steel Company; th American Steel Hoop Company ; and the Republic Iron and Ste< Company. Other consolidations with large capital that have n ceutly taken place embrace the American Car and Foundry Con pany, the Pressed Steel Car Company, and the American Shi| building Company, these companies being large consumers of iro and steel. Still other consolidations are now pending. Our export trade in iron lyid steel and manufactures of iro: and steel aggregated in value in 1898 882,771,550, against $62, 737,250 in 1897 and $48,670,218 in 1896, showing an increase i; two years of more than 70 per cent. Included in the exports c 1898 were 253,057 tons of pig iron, 291,038 tons of steel raih 28,600 tons of ingots, blooms, and billets, 18,510 tons of steel wir rods and 24,195 tons of other steel rods and bars, 27,075 tons c steel plates and sheets, 74,665 tons of wire, 15,735 tons of en nails and spikes, 13,714 tons of wire nails and spikes, and 34,03 tons of structural iron and steel. We also sent abroad in th same year 580 locomotives. Other exports embraced large shij ments of machinery composed mainly or wholly of iron and stee Agricultural implements are not included in the above figure Of these the exports in 1898 amounted to $9,073,384, againj 85,302,807 in 1897 and $4,643,729 in 1896. Our imports of iron and steel have greatly declined in lat years. With the exception of tinplates, the importation of whic is encouraged by an objectionable drawback provision in our tai iff legislation, we now imjwrt very few of the products of Eurc pean iron and steel works. In 1898 our total imports of iro and steel and manufactures of iron and steel amounted in foreig value to $12,473,637, against $13,836,204 in 1897, $19,462,56 in 1896, and $25,772,136 in 1895. Prior to 1895 our averag annual importations of iron and steel from 1871, a period of 2 years, amounted to $42,826,681 in foreign value. In 1880 this country imported iron and steel and manufacture of iron and steel valued at $80,443,362 and exported like article S OF THE AMERICAN IRON TRADE FOK 18!)8, r the value of $15,156,703. lu 1898. as stateil above, wc export- 1 and steel and manufiictiir^ of iron ant) ak'cl valued at (82,771,550 and imported like articles valued at 812,473,637, thna bomplGtely reversiug the conditions of nineteen yeara ago. In 1897 and 1898, and particularly within the past few months ■of 181*9, Bii^dieh iron and ateel and machinery luanufacturerB iLhave been startled by a series of surprises which have marked tlie entrance into their home and colonial markeU of formida- i American ciimpetition. That a fav-awny country with a pro- I'lectivd tariH' should build up iron and ateel industries that would Denrtl the British free trade lion in his den is a revelation that liey hsd not dreamed of. But the unexpected has happened. In the period mentioned this country haa shipped directly to the United Kingdom considerable quantities of pig iron, eteel billets, mI niiia, steel plates, structural steel, wire rods, wire nails, and Ut iron pipe, and more recently it haa received onlers for sixty Mmotives to be used on two of the great railways running rom I^iigland to !l^cotland, the Midland and the Great Northern. ■ remarkable still, in February last the British Government self ordered a stuel railroad bridge of American design and con- traction, consisting of seven spans of 150 feet each, to be built leroetB the Atbara river in the Soudan country, south of Egyjit. 1 steel rails and locomotives have recently i>een shipped 1 India and Australia. The owners of the Baldwin Ixicomotive IPorka, of Philadelphia, are now filling an oitler for forty-five wmotives for railroads in India. In the present month of May Bie Peuiisylvaiiia 8teel Compauy has received a contract to con- ruct a 870O.0(KI steel viaduct, 2,260 feet long and 320 feet high, nrer the Goktoik Gorge in India, and the Phwuix Bridge Com- my, of Phcenixville, Pennsylvania, has received a contract to mild twelve steel railway bridges for the Russian Goverumeut. An interesting feature of our foreign iron trade is disclosed by it c&reihl examination of the statistics of our imjiorls of iron and eel and manufactures of iron and steel from Great Britain and r exports of like articles to the same country. These statistics low that our imports of iron and steel aud manufactures of iron jad Bt«el from Great Britain in the fiscal year ended June 30, ■698, iududilig tinplates, amounted in value to $8,3(;U,866, and r exports to Great Britain in the same fiscal year amount- i to $12,7.12,016. The weight of all the articles both importe<i nd exported is not a matter of record, but, considering only those rticlce imported from Great Britain in 1898 which were weighed. tinpktes iuclu<led, nud the articles vreiglied and exported in the snme year fi'oni tliie country to Great Britain, we find that we imported 119,189 gross tons and exported 118,232 tons, Ouly a few years i^o this country was Great Bntaiu's principal customer for iron and steel, but now we sell her in her own home markets virtually as much iron and steel as she sells to us. The immediate future of our export trade iu iron and atcel, which trade has been a factor in bringing about the present ini- proved condition of our iron and steel indust