The Iron Age 1902-12-04: Vol 70

ing er, use 6% hes the bot re anu LS , » > = HE IRON AGE THURSDAY, New Gear Planer at Works of R. D. Nuttall Company. Owing to the very rapid growth of their business in the past few years the R. D. Nuttall Company of Pitts- burgh, manufacturers of cut gears, have found it neces- sary to constantly add to their equipment and at the same time to provide themselves with tools for turning out very much larger work. Among recent tools placed NEW GEAR PLANER AT WORK in their plant is a spur gear planer, designed for planing large spur gears by the use of a single cutting tool and templets. The engraving shows the heavy class of Work handled by this machine, which embraces some hew and interesting features in its construction. While operation of the machine is similar to that employed 1 some of the beveled gear shapers, this is an original pplication of the principle to the formation of spur fears, Inasmuch as the gears are placed on the machine : & horizontal position instead of perpendicular, as on ier machines. When set in place the top of the divid- < table is nearly flush with the shop floor and most of indexing mechanism is below the floor line. The “ar, lying flat upon the dividing table, is accurately Ss DECEMBER 4, 1902. spaced around by the dividing mechanism and the teeth are shaped to templets by a tool carried in the vertical slotter. The slotter has a stroke of 5 feet and is driven by a spiral gear connected to a bevel gearing on the countershaft. The planer is driven by an independent 10 horse-power motor, incased in the machine column, while the cutting and forming head is operated by a spiral gear drive. The présent capacity of the planer is spur gears 30 feet in diameter by 60 inches face, but OF R. D. NUTTALL COMPANY. with slight alterations the machine can be arranged to cut gears 36 feet in diameter. It can also be arranged so that the diameter of the gears to be cut is limited only by the available floor space. The machine is also capable of planing teeth up to 10-inch pitch. <ieiahintiaaidlieaieataabliai The Bruck Solidified Oil Company, 256 Dover street, Boston, Mass., have been organized to manufacture solidified oil for electric car motors, car journals, auto- mobiles, wagon axles, engine bearings, &c. They state that their product is made of lubricating oil by a process which is entirely new. It is put up in 1 gross packages of 1 pound each and in packages of 10, 15, 25, 30 and 50 pounds; also in half barrels and barrels. “TR ewe + eer ST Oe aS z > eS TP ae z a an mara ‘ _ r OE EE LO a TO Te OL SER BLE OFT re a : ume ee ; i | a LS PE ts anaes >» FS ag RI py mom ey ee cn eee a ee eee Ie Z THE A Great Copper District in Peru. J. B. Haggin, one of the most famous mining capital- {sts in this country, who is, or was, the leading owner of the Ontario, Homestake and Anaconda mines, has in re- cent years taken up the development of the Cerro de Pasco mines of Peru. An interesting account of that enterprise is contained in a special report to the London Economist by the special mining commissioner of that journal, who has in recent years written an admirable series on all the noted mines of the world. We quote from it the following: In the year 16380, an Indian, prospecting in the moun- tains at a hight of 15,000 feet, discovered a new silver mine—the mine of Cerro de Pasco—which ever since then has been a great silver producer, and is still unex- thausted. Kut not only was this a silver mine; under- neath its deep layer of silver ore lay almost equally vast areas of copper ore, and quantities of lead, bismuth, man- ganese, gold and almost every known metal. In fact, it is no exaggeration to say that to this Indian we owe the discovery of one of the greatest and most valuable ore deposits the world has known. We pass an interval of over 250 years. Slowly over that period was being excavated, by Indian labor, the present great quarries of the Cerro. Millions of tons of ore have been taken away. The poorest was treated by crude processes on the spot, the richer was carried on the backs of llamas to lower altitudes, where probably a higher extraction was secured. But only silver was mined. Then, a few years ago only, the deeper workings in the silver ore penetrated down into an area of copper ore, which was found to be of unusually rich value, and apparently of great size. And to-day Cerro de Pasco is a copper mine—perhaps the greatest there is. One for- gets that it has been a great silver mine for 270 years, and the huge quarries from which the silver ore has been taken seem only a natural preparation for reach- ing the wealth underneath. This is not the day of silver. I suppose there are many hundreds of thousands of tons of silver ore still left in the Cerro quarries. The best is gone, but that remaining will. at a guess, average 9 ounces a ton. This is too poor to treat alone, but as a fiux for the copper ore may yet be an asset of great value. The ore deposits at Cerro de Pasco cover an area equal to probably 1 square mile. This, when the copper zone was discovered, was split up among hundreds of different owners, and the mining work was done.on con- tract for these owners by Indians. Before long a hun- dred tortuous spiral stairways had been sunk into the copper, and the natives, having gouged out the richest patches of the ore, were carrying it on their backs to a hundred dumps on the surface. These dumps repre- sented such a big underground area of copper ore that the interests of the few mining men who visited the field were deeply roused; the more so when it was found that their average value was fully 25 per cent. in cop- per, to say nothing of gold and silver as well. Inspection of the mines, or rather caverns, which the natives had made, showed that not only was the supply of 25 per cent. ore very great, but the average of the whole bulk of the ore was so high as to be practically unheard of hitherto in a big copper deposit. A few years ago, after the great value of this copper ‘mine had been demonstrated, and when the many small owners of the area were sending away their picked ore on the backs of thousands of llamas, there came a cer- tain one to the authorities of the Peruvian Corporation— which is a London concern, bound up in the develop- ment and furtherance of Peru—and this is what he said: “Gentlemen, your company have not prospered of late. Your railways pay indifferently and your sugar estates not at all. Peru is falling into disrepute and your cor- poration along with it. But there has lately been brought to notice on the Andean Plateau the most wonderful mine in South America. Its area is split up among many small owners, but it is quite certain that the whole of it, or at least nine-tenths, can be Bought for amere fraction of its intrinsic value. Your railway to Oroya taps this country. By extending the railway 80 miles over the plateau you can reach the mine itself, tapping a flour- IRON AGE. December 4, 1‘)2 ishing agricultural and mining district; and this great property and its traffic will become yours for a mere song. [ beg of you to have this scheme examined, assuredly it will make your fortune.” But to him swered the mouthpiece of the Peruvian Corporati “ Young man, do not raise your voice within these | tals. Our directors are at present enjoying their aft noon sleep. hey are not so young as they were; nor s eager to go into new ventures. Where could we ra so much money to build a new railway? Moreover, we do not share your belief in the.value of Cerro de Pasco. Good afternoon.’ And so, once more, the lethargic, self satisfied Engliskmen threw away a great opportunity, and in due covrse a syndicate of Americans, having at its head the greatest meta) mining capitalist in the United States. appeared on the scene and promptly bought the whole thing up. Its first purchase consisted of about 85 per cent. of the Cerro area, for which it paid, I am informed, about £600,000. Since then it has ac- quired still more of the ground, paying proportionally a higher price. The American syndicate expects to spend a total of £1,500,000 over the next three or four years before producing a ton of copper. From that we may infer what the shrewdest copper experts in the States think of the Cerro—also what the Peruvian Corporation have missed. At present the syndi- cate has only the mine—which is more like a rabbit war- ren underground than a copper mine; it has to de- velop this, to import a staff from the States, to build a railway and finally to erect a huge smelter capable of Gealing with such a vast deposit. As regards the rail- way, this will probably run from the terminus of the Lima-Oroya line, and will have to be over 80 miles in length. The Cerro de Pasco Syndicate will no doubt insist on leasing the Lima-Oroya line from the Peruvian Corporation at its own price; failing this, it would build a new line to Cerro from the coast and take all the traffic from the inert London company. This railway should be built in two years, and after that the erection of smelters and the completion of the mine’s development should be rushed ahead rapidly. My impressicns of Cerro de Pasco are fresh. I in- spected the mine in August, and though able to go through only a fraction of the caverns which the last few years’ work made in the copper ore, | gained the clear opinion that here is certainly the rich- est and perhaps even the greatest copper mine in the world. The depth of silver bearing ore found on the surface probably averages 200 feet. Below this comes the copper zone; its depth is, I believe, not yet deter- mined, but it is probably almost as much as this. Heaven only knows what may lie beneath that again! The remarkable fact about these huge patches of copper ore is their richness. The Indians mined only the best ore. What they have sent away hitherto has averaged 25 per cent. Most of what they reject as too poor ap- peared to me to average 12 to 15 per cent., and of this there seemed to be millions of tons. Of course it is too soon yet, pending extensive development and blocking out of ore, to say what there actually is in the mine— the square mile or so over which the patches of ore are found; but I do not see why, in a few years’ time, the Cerro de Pasco mine should not be producing something like 4000 tons of copper a month. Compared to Cerro, the best mines at Buite are poverty stricken, and in five years or so, when such great present producers as Ana- conda are nearing their end, this big yield from Peru will more than make guod any deficiency that may hap- pen to the States’ output. Geologically, much will be written tn the future about Cerro. Here and there in the copper zone are patches carrying, instead of or in ad- dition to copper, manganese, bismuth of high grade, lead and other unusual compounds. In all the ore there is an appreciable quantity of silver, and in certain ares gold values are found running to several ounces to tlie ton. Altogether, from a mining point of view, it is sim- ply a marvelous spot. The town of Cerro de Pasco is tlie highest in the world. The altitude is very severe on 4 white man, and in going through the mine I had to rest every few steps to recover breath. This matter of alti: tude is, of course, a severe drawback to the place. !t would ruin a smaller mine altogether. Out of every 1:0 ears pper - the midi- Wwar- de- ld a e of rail. the in oubt vian uild raffic ould n of ment I in- 0 go the e, I rich- 1 the | the omes leter- this. gain! ypper best aged r ap- ' this s too king ine— e are , the thing Yerro, n five Ana- Peru hap- ill be re in in ad- rade, there ares o tle } sim- is the on 4 » rest » alti- e, it y 10 December 4, 1902 ‘cked men sent to Cerro one-third will not be able to tand the climate, and most of the rest will never be at eir best, mentally or physically. For this reason work- ing costs will be high. Mining will be dear, because of the expense of taking out big flat bodies lying under the friable zone of silver ore. But then, again, what does that matter?—the ore will average 12 per cent. copper, d can be treated on a vast scale. The mere brute force value is enough to override far worse difficulties than ~*~ me $$ Decadent Industrial Works. BY A. H. H. At a time like the present, when American manufac turers are at a point of prosperity beyond all previous records, When every energy is being put forth to keep pace with the demands upon mills and factories, the thought of decadence may seem inappropriate for serious consideration. Viewed as a general and national condi tion, there is little cause for alarm. This country has set a standard of quality, cost and time of production entirely its own. Its supreme rank among manufactur- ing nations, taking as a basis even the most palmy days, is well assured. A period of industrial activity in length equal to others in history may therefore at least be ex- pected, and too short a time has now elapsed for the end to be in sight. There is, however, a viewpoint of decadence not ap- plicable to the country at large, but to individual con- cerns. It is not necessary to single them out. There are notable instances in every industrial center, whether it be the large city or the purely manufacturing small town. The beginning of decadence and the form it first takes may be hard to fix, for it is not of like nature in each case. A careful analysis of several industries suffering from decline, by one in close touch with their past, will at times reveal traces which date back to the most active period in the history of the firms. Consider- ing all that daily comes up demanding immediate and continuous attention in the busiest period of a concern’s existence, it is no marvel that degeneration should then have a beginning in some portion of the establishment. No organization has yet been so wholly perfect as to entirely eliminate leaks, unnecessary expenses and wastes of all nature. The lowest percentage of such tems mark the closest attainment to this end. The overflowing order book, at prices which have not been trimmed, is ever a pleasant and comforting contempla- tion. There are, however, other books which contain the orders for the materials used to execute this busi ness, and a less comforting feeling possibly may here exist. Prevalent conditions therefore demand more than a superficial review. It has been said, and perhaps very correctly, that decadence in any industrial works begins just the mo- ihent that concern ceases to progress, whether in dull or active times. Progress in more ways than one may be made when there is not a steady inpour of orders at a large profit. Improved products, reduced costs of man- ufacture and increased outputs are the earmarks of any concern that avoids decadence. When the reins upon these three factors are loose just so soon it may be ex- pected that features of decline will begin to show them- selyes. Occasional new inventions and processes revo- lutionize previous practice; among industries at once affected thereby decadence may be expected. These conditions may not always be forestalled, although it is Sometimes possible. It is not iron manufacturing concerns alone that suf- fer from decline. Silk and textile mills, publishing houses and others are at times all subject to this dis rder. In reviewing the foremost monthly magazines, example, it is easy to enumerate those which occupy entirely different positions in point of influence among public at large and evidently enjoy greater pros- perity to-day than they did five or ten years ago. \mong the manufacturing concerns we see here and Mere those whose progress has been continuous, irre- THE IRON AGE. 3 spective of removal by death or retirement of the men who, it would seem, during their most active period, have been the very life of the business. There has been no decadence. The casual observer is wont to ascribe this steady development to the manufacture of an article for which there is heavy demand with limited compett- tion and which is sold at a large margin of profit. Often the actual conditions are the reverse, and yet the insti- tution goes on and on increasing its dividends. Again, other very similar institutions have fallen be- hind in prestige and are still on the downward trend, when at one time they were everywhere acknowledged to be the leaders in their lines. A study of the respective causes of such results in both cases recited above is keenly interesting, although when summed up there are, of course, but two net results—wise management and unwise management. The untiring energy of a man well known to the writer built up a large industrial works to a high stand ard. The machines in efficiency and design were un- questionably the best in the market. This individua)} had closely associated with him in prominent office rela- tion a number of men, any one of whom it seemed should have been able to carry on that business, to further develop and extend the usefulness of the con- cern. At a period when the profits of the yearly busi- ness were large, and at an age when the time came for permanent relaxation, the reins were turned into the hands of these associates. Though but a few years ago, the house is to-day on the list of those coming under the head of this article. The excellence of output had fixed a high standard for all the competing concerns in the same line of business, but others have reached and sur- passed the high mark. The men now in charge seem content if they maintain the average under the previous management. There is little apparent effort to forge ahead, to seek a still higher basis. Self satisfaction is so evident that it is voiced from the boy who ushers you in to the man who signs the checks. Yes, the very atmosphere of the office reeks with it. The situation would be different were the consensus of opinion of users in general and the actual quality of the work turned out by competing concerns weighed upon a well balanced scale of thought and accordingly acted upon. The idea that a permanent prestige can be maintained only by unceasing development and improvement ap pears never to be considered. Unwise contracts invariably work sad havoe with # firm’s capital and reputation. Instances in every line may be pointed out where too much zeal in securing orders in large numbers, without proper regard to the conditions imposed, has resulted adversely. The more numerous these instances the greater the ravage on the resources of the concern. The loss on one such con- tract may easily eat up the margin on half a dozen profitable ones. Our English cousins appear to have been somewhat slow in endeavoring to locate the real causes for alarm concerning the British industrial position. As one re- views the opinions which find their way into the Eng lish press, it is found that all the evil is not ascribed to the American labor saving machinery. There are workshop conditions, prevalent to a greater extent in Great Britain than here, which can but work ultimate destruction to any institution. They are more sporadic in America, but the inevitable result anywhere is the decadence of such works and the degradation of the employees. The one feature referred to by the foregoing is ab- sence of a method by which the services of workmen shall be paid for and recognized according to indi- vidual ability. In other words, the lack of a system which cultivates free development of personal ability and energy and brings such to the notice of employers. aie adilagai alata The American Chamber of Commerce of Paris, with headquarters at 3 Rue Scribe, has issued a statistical report on coal, coke, pig iron and steel in France by districts. It covers the year 1899 and gives the names of the steel works in each district, with the output of many of them. . a SAR 4 THE IRON AGE. The Operation of the Federal Bank- ruptcy Law. The Report of E. C. Brandenburg. WASHINGTON, D. C., November 25, 1902.—From the fourth annual report upon the operation of the Federal Bankrupicy law, which has just been transmitted to the Attorney-General by E. C. Brandenburg, in charge of bankruptcy matters in the Department of Justice, it ap- pears that there has been an important decrease in the number of voluntary petitions filed during the past year as compared with any previous year since the law was enacted. This showing will be most encouraging to the friends of the Jaw and will materially strengthen the movement in Congress looking to prompt action upon the pending Ray bill, designed to remedy the defects which the practical operation of the statute has developed. Voluntary Cases. The grand total of voluntary petitions filed through- out the United States for the year ending September 30, 1902, was 16,374, as compared with 17,015 in 1901; 20,128 in 1900 and 19,176 in 1899. The aggregate for 1902 was made up of 9052 cases filed during the six months ending March 31, 1902, and 7322 filed during the six months ending September 30, showing a material decrease not only for the year but for the last six months. The States showing the largest number of cases filed during the year are as follows: New York, northern dis- trict, 432 petitions; southern district, 811 petitions; east- ern district 247 petitions; western district, 416 petitions; total, 1906 petitions. Illinois, northern district, 1650 pe- titions; southern district, 164 petitions; total, 1814 peti- tions. Alabama, 1436 petitions; Massachusetts, 1408 pe- titions; Maine, 860 petitions; Ohio, 770 petitions. In this connection it is interesting to note that in the last report Illinois leads the iist of States with 2266 petitions, while New York followed with 2187 petitions. Massa- chusetts was third and Alabama fourth. The total net assets realized in the voluntary cases closed during the year were $7,447,803; while the lia- bilities involved therein were $183,060,341. The sum- mary also discloses the fact that of the cases ¢losed there were 7010, with assets of various amounts, in 4383 of which they were less than $500, while in 6278 proceed- ings there were no assets. This demonstrates the fact that advantage of the law, as a rule, is only taken in ‘ases where the debtor has become hopelessly insolvent. The reports show that of those who went into volun- tary bankruptcy 1320 were farmers, 6859 wage earners, 2585 merchants, 235 manufacturers, 531 professional men and 1758 contractors, hotel and saloon keepers, real estate operators, &c. Involuntary Petitions. During the year 2108 petitions in behalf of creditors to have debtors adjudged bankrupt for committing va- rious acts of bankruptcy were filed throughout the United States, of which 302 proceedings were dismissed, either because the court was without jurisdiction or be- cause no aci of bankruptcy had been committed. Of the involuntiry proceedings compositions were entered into and conirmed in 125 cases. Of the parties against whom involuntary petitions were filed the reports, which are incomplete on this point, show that 542 were engaged in mercantile pursuits, 87 were manufacturers, 8 were professional men and 164 were of a miscellaneous character. The report also shows that in eight cases the eccupations were alleged to have been those uf farmers and in 65 wage earners, but as under the Jaw neither a farmer nor a wage earner can be adjudged an involuntary bankrupt, it is presumed that these parties were engaged in such occupations at the time the petitions were filed, but that such was not their previous occupation. In 874 involuntary proceedings which were closed dur- ing the year the assets realized amounted to $3,436,662, while the liabilities were $15,086,206. In other words, the assets were about 23 per cent. of the liabilities. In 105 cases there were no assets, and in 153 cases they were less than S500. Dece:aber 4, 1902 Practical Operation of the Law. In reviewing the developments under the Fede statute Mr. Brandenburg says that the law having b in force a little more than four years we are now in a po tion where something definite can be stated as to i's practical operation. .\s was anticipated when the lay was enacted, the abuormally large number of petitions filed for the first few yeurs of its operation were in be- half of persons who were lopelessly insolvent and wlio took the opportunity afforded of throwing off their fina cial burdens. Thus there were filed in round numbers something over 19,000 voluntary petitions during the year ending September 30, 1890; 20,000 in 1900, 17,000 1901 and during the past year but 16,374. The material decrease noted may be attributed to two causes: Firs! to the era of business prosperity now prevailing, and second, because the large number of those oppressed by misfortunes that overtook them during the financial disturbances of 1892 and 1893, and since the repeal of the prior law in 1878, promptly sought relief under the new law, and their petitions have been largely disposed of. The number now filing petitions is presumably about the normal of those who would in the absence of a Federal law on the subject seek relief under the State Insolvency laws. While the idea of a bankruptcy law is based upon principles of humanity, and it was doubtless this which largely actuated the framers of the Constitution in ex pressly authorizing Congress to enact a uniform law on the subject of bankruptcy throughout the United States, nevertheless, it is stated that instances do occur where unworthy individuals escape detection and reap its ad vantages. While this is true, the absence of a bank ruptcy law would be no guarantee that fraud would not be perpetrated under the State Insolvency laws, since under the liberal provisions of many of the latter laws the opportunity for fraud and the difficulty of detection would be greater than under the Federal statute. While the earlier insolvency laws went upon the hypothesis that the bankrupt was a criminal, this is no longer true. It is presumed, therefore, that among this large number of insolvents who have been relieved of past obligations there are many worthy and useful citizens restored to business activity, who have heretofore been deprived of the opportunity of engugiug in mercantile pursuits in their own behalf. While there are cases where parties have unworthily received the benefits of the law, it is not possible to frame any law that will entirely prevent fraud, though it may be safely said that the opportunities in this respect, under the present law, are reduced to a minimum. Un der the existing statute provision is made by which the bankrupl, bis relatives and others who are in any wise connected with bankrupt’s business may be subjected to examination, with the result that many persons are deterred from making fraudulent conveyances or prefer- ences or concealment of their assets. In many cases the examination provided by law has resulted in the dis- closure of interests and assets of the bankrupt which ul- timately resulted to the benefit of the creditors of the estate. Under many of the State laws these features are wanting. Notwithstanding criticisms of minor pro- visions of the present law, as a whole it is greatly pre- ferred by the commercial interests of the country to tle diverse State statues on the question of insolvenc: which vary with the number of States. During the past year, Mr. Brandenburg says, there was introduced into the House by Hon. George W. Ray, chairman of the Judiciary Committee, Bill No. 13,67 embodying various amendments to the law, to meet criticisms of such provisions as the practical operatio! has demonstrated to be faulty. This bill was prepar after an extensive canvass vf business interests throug :- out the United States, as well as of the numerous re! erees in bankruptcy who are actively engaged in | administration of the law, with the result that the R:! bill was a substantial crystallization of the views a! oponions of those who are most vitally concerned. T! bill, after careful consideration by the House, was June 17, 1902, passed by a vote of 137 to 66, and is n pending before the Senate. It is perhems unnecessary to refer in detail to the pr- St d cial | of he sed ibly o P Ol tate pou hich ex y on ites, here ad- ank- not since jaws ‘tion Thile esis true. nber tions d to id of ‘s in thily le to gh it pect, Un 1 the wise ected 3s are refer- s the » dis- eh ul- f the tures * pro- y pre- ro the enc) there Ray, 3,670 me ration pare ‘ous s ref- n e Ro} § a! ‘as sn 12 p! This isions of tunis bill, but Mr. Brandenburg thinks it may be afely said that it meets with general approval! and re- noves several features which are objectionable as the aw how stands, notably that which requires a creditor ) surrender payments received on account prior to per- nitting him to prove his ciuim for the balance, as the supreme Court of the United States, in Carson, Pirie, Scott & Co., said should be done under section 57g of the iw; it also authorizes suit by trustees and others in vankruptcy matters in the Federal courts, and thus fur- ishes the expedition in the settlement of insolvents’ states which is vitally essential in proper administra- ion, aS pointed out by the Supreme Court in the case of ardes vs. Bank, and it prevents a person who has been mee adjudged a bankrupt from again filing his petition for a period of scven years. There are numerous other iinor provisions which have been perfected in order to rrotect the interests of the commercial world, and as a result 18 may be said that with its enactment the United States will have a law with reference to the settlement if estates of insolvents that will be the equal of that upon the statute books of any nation. W. L. C. Vp __ The New Butler Drill Chuck. We here illustrate a new drill chuck which has re- cently been brought out by the Butler Chuck Company of Greenfield, Mass. This chuck is built on new lines, and the results ob- tained from its use are highly satisfactory. Fig. 1 shows the chuck in two sections, with the working parts ex- December 4, 1902 THE IRON AGE. 5 volving the body ef the chuck to the right it travels up the arbor at the same time the plug travels down into the cap, forcing the jaws out with just half the revolu- tions usually required, also confining the travel of the body to a very short distance. The distinctive feature of this chuck is its enormous grip upon the tool it is holding. The friction rests on the plug, and the grip of the hand becomes greatly multi- plied through the differential screw. By the aid of this same feature the resistance of the work continually tends to tighten the grip. The chuck is made of steel throughout, with such parts hardened as are subject to wear. ——————s>"- The Secretary of the Interior in his annual report states that for the first time in the history of the Patent Office the total number of applications in all branches exceeded 50,000 this year. The report of the Com- Fig. 2 Broken View of Chuck View Showing Parts of Chuck Separated. THE NEW BUTLER posed. lt consists of an arbor, sleeve, cap, plug and jaws, as shown in the broken view, Fig. 2. The arbor and sleeve appear at the left, the cap, plug and jaws at the right in Fig. 1. The arbor, or shank, can be turned to any taper desired. The end of the arbor, or that por- tion which enters the sleeve, has on its surface a right hand thread. The center of the arbor is bored and tapped to receive the left hand threaded plug corre- sponding to the thread on the surface. Around this ar- vor revolves the knurled sleeve, to which is rigidly at- iched the conical cap. The sleeve and cap work to- gether except when assembling or dismantling the huck. Within the conical cap are three oblique, con- ‘rging channels which guide and support the jaws. Above the cap in Fig. 1 is shown the left hand threaded plug, on the lower face of which are three horizontal verging channels in exact relation to those in the cap nd into which are inserted the upper flanges of the WS. The jaws are wedge shape forgings, on the back and » of which are circular flanges to correspond with the annels in the cap and plug. When the chuck is as- nbled the plug is screwed into the arbor and the urled sleeve screwed firmly to the cap. Thus by re- DRILL CHUCK missioner of Patents shows that there were received 45,562 applications for mechanical patents, 1807 appli- cations for designs, 139 applications for reissues, 1849 caveats, 2460 applications for trade-marks, 1020 applica- tions for labels and 270 applications for prints. There were 27,387 patents granted, including reissues and de- signs, and 1864 trade-marks, 750 labels and 163 prints were registered. The number of patents that expired was 20,335. The number of allow2d applications which were, by operation of law, forfeited for non-payment of the final fees was 4123. The total receipts of the office were $1,491,538.85, the total expenditures were $1,329,924.63. Berlin dispatches state that three companies manu- facturing machinery for the making of briquettes out of coal waste have been combined into a syndicate for the purpose of exporting this machinery on a large scale to America. The factories interested in the syndicate ara located at Ernfeld, near Cologne; at Buckau, near Magdeburg, and at Zeitz, in Saxony. The title of the company will be the Export Briquette Machinery Syndi- eate. They have already received large orders for ma- chinery from mine owners in the United States. Canadian Notes. Importing Steel Rails. ToRONTO, November 22, 1902.—Mackenzie, Mann & Co. recently closed a contract for about 40,000 tons of German steel rails and fastenings, to be used on their Canadian Northern Railway system, and for their lines in Nova Scotia. A large shipment of steel rails is on the way from Belgium to Vancouver, B. C., via Cape Horn. ‘lo the purchases for Mackenzie & Mann for their Canadian Northern road the attention of F. H. Clergue was drawn when he was in Ottawa on Thurs- day, and he was asked whether the rails could not be made in Canada. In reply he said that the German ironmasters kept up the price in the home market, but sold at a much lower figure in the foreign market in or- cer to get the trade. “ Mackenzie & Mann are reported to have purchased their rails for $27 a ton, delivered at Port Arthur. We cannot afford to produce rails at that figure. We have spent $15,000,000 in iron mines, and in the construction of rolling mills and railways to connect with them, and if other railway companies are going to follow the example of Mackenzie & Mann we simply cannot produce steel rails, that is all. The question is one for the people of Canada to decide.” Mr. Clergue added: “ At present the situation is this, that while the xovernment gives a bonus to encourage the production of steel rails, the absence of duties allows the market to be exploited by foreigners.” One of the acts passed by the Ontario Legislature in the session of 1901 establishes a new condition for the earning of subsidies rated by the Provinicial Legis- lature. It provides that no cash or land bonus granted to any railway company in that session, or in any pre- vious or subsequent session, shall be deemed to be earned unless the rails used by the company be manu- factured in Ontario, or in some other part of Canada, if they are not procurable in Ontavio. But the subsidized railway companies are not bound to buy here if the price is higher than that of similar rails offered at the same time in the open market of the United Kingdom or the United States. To this provision of the law Mackenzie & Mann would have to conform in so far as the laying of Ontario lines in their Canadian Northern system is concerned. But Canadian rails cannot be got at prices us low as those quoted by German manufacturers. Iron and Steel Bounties, In reply to a question asked in the British House of Commons, Gerald Balfour said that he knew of no bounties on the export of Canadian iron and steel, but that there were. bounties for the manufacture of these products, and he stated what these are. He added that the quantity of Canadian pig iron exported to the United Kingdom in 1900-01 was 1603 tons, and that the corre- sponding total for 1901-02 is provisionally stated to be 100,519 tons. This is the quantity given in the Trade and Navigation Returns, recently issued, for 1901-02. The total quantity of exports of pig iron in that year is 113,388 tons, of which 12,414 tons went to the United States. A very much larger proportion of the current fiscal year’s output of pig iron, as of steel billets, is going to the United States and a smaller one to the United Kingdom. On all these exports the bounty is paid, the same as on iron and steel which is consumed at home. In the first six months of the current fiscal year $800,000 was paid out in bounties, but that sum by no means covered all the output on which claims were made, some of which claims are now the subject of litigation. The bounties earned on the pig iron exported last fiscal year would amount to at least $225,000. When the bounty act was introduced in 1896 Mr. Fielding, the Minister of Finance, stated that it was meant to apply only to such domestic iron and steel as should be consumed at home. To this Mr. Foster, who had been Finance Minister of the previous Government, objected. Mr. Fielding agreed to let the matter stand until he had time for further deliberation. Finally the act was passed without any exceptions. Iron and Steel Duties. A meeting of the Ontario and Quebec iron and steel producers belonging to the Canadian Manufacturers’ THE IRON AGE. December 4, 1902 Association was held in Toronto on the 18th inst Frederic Nicholls was in the chair. About 30 othe: members were present. The object of the meeting, o! which no report was given out, was to discuss tarif changes that have been proposed by various individua! manufacturers of iron and steel. A large number o! very diverse suggestions have been received in reply t the association’s circular questions, and the meeting was for the purpose of reconciling these and agreeing if pos sible on a schedule. Trade with the United States. According to the Trade and Navigation Returns which have just been issued for the fiscal year 1901-02 Canada imported from the United States iron and stee! merchandise as follows in that period: I.—Dutiable Goods. en EDEL EO TEE TET CROCE TET $311,684 REE Gay senda bhsardas pola ae eed ween eb ehs baa 81,246 ND ee IO os 6 kv ris Wh 0.65. 000 0 0ER Ok OND ESOS 119,980 INE «5 'cs oun S Saige baad eeea heed uteGe< 5,924,670 NS ob 4-54 6c hOSARES NEDA ER CERUEROES Gee e aw 234,559 IN rile cite Ne tei eee aie Wale sau 6m 89,836 Other manufactures of COPper......cccceccsccceee 42,182 EY SE scence ee heUdSs Soneese see siwanr 918,637 Electric motors, generators, &C.........cecceseeces 380,492 RI ko 60:6. 86: F0 S006 Kaseccasoece 2,586,508 eG on ceded ble danecepee nee ioes ewes 76,802 Ratna wk CK Raed SARE SOS hae ReaD 705,721 EE o0 0 oo VAS SR Ke Khe ee ébn theese mes 28,928 COmUIs GR CO SOUR c ci vvecccccccssvticvesdess 196,074 CE PG ons ot iiecis ete ns céwebads des Sees 188,975 ss odd cere wineem 4ee Ghana lewe kanes ees 35,167 Ce EE URS ca bacinke cod pee dee Conk edna eens 25,158 CE Sb hab Scn ceca sannesesaedeeceesvasetet wens 157,367 ME Sb 6S SC SNRRKTKOC ORE SACO RERRVACC COCO ROR CEOS 13,836 I BOON, 5 6.066.006 65 bs 6rd d cece Beene ¥e'es 748,129 Fire extinguishing machines...........eeeeeseeeees 19.327 ND: GID DOU se iiscccercccccioscdcrecs 848,863 Fittings for iron and steel pipe..........ceeeeeres 232,088 Oy 55S F bis ows F550 60h 6s eb Se cee eeeee 18,488 EPOR GR Rs cin Fess edaccecescverssoces 90,186 SOE chee Sa Ab ae CRs bik Kw do 0s esc coenecs 593,442 ERG Ge ee I OL BAGS vs ce seccccccccescces 29,084 Iron and steel bridges, structural work, &c.......... 151,561 Sk OU: koko eae sh aici > v-bn kb 00008 60 bs 0ebaee 597,420 ME nas WRG dies las 8s KOs shh a whe Kod DORADO ebm EOS 187,007 Pe I cs, os bhishis s Co uesaeeceee tee wacece 48,500 Pe NTRS sc cmicd sc cvaboseeeessaceccoes 587,649 se cei h cba hae ess UCB OS ecccccrceece 242,693 Se I ce aa ok se abe wee) 6 aceccecbees 8,030 Se, I og woe bees eB eas cccccccvcvece 130,196 All other machinery made of iron or steel........... 8,155,940 PE RCE AT vig ec secc ce ierccvescdoceecess 5,511 DD 06.06 SR ARES CU LSE bia e es ccdcoesvecnoone 53,761 ee ee rrr ee ee ee eee ee 178,640 PUD ce dia Wis eae oh © eke sews CHU SEO WOO ewes 186,424 PORE PGE Wh 5 Soo was cert crereoe sec ed acdasa 67,521 OT Fas hc cFecvecetacsvivesicvceccnes 75,06: pe | RTT RTT TUR T TTT Ce ee 641,591 SG RT 6 chs tar cad bee N ee chew ee Oo 587,64¢ Pn SE NUNES 6 a ress adele ewe ee Sake e Reo 692,425 Cee Ss MN SEE. . o.o:d ccciccw ated takes eves’ ee 7,591 NN ttt kel od o's eho 4 Wek Baik ives eeieea a Re ae ae 20,895 DO eis CRT ORES PET R ESET OSC RSE CERES 100,775 eo nr rer er a ere eee 18,800 DG icin owatnawereKeebiehe cee SERRE RERUN 3,332 NE 5 ot), ces kk belies Weleda WES ORs Boba 233,860 IN igi Sain ta sao Kew oe S MEseENs WHS sah 169,841 sna ask cela bud 6 ee mee a eee 10,073 oo PTET TE ee eT ee 2,166 SwiGeRen, THOM Ges cis cces Secciecsvevecssivetes 20,221 . errr rreT Lev ree Tee ee Te Pere Pee 535,141 Ware, gelvaniaed, Ec... ...cccccsccccedsccccccseer 181,392 MO ob 6s Vase ale pak 6a 4G cea ee Ae aes aie 522,163 Pe, Ws ON, aa bbw cb cece sc renectenstoncs 90,962 Co ee ee eee) Pe ee ee ea 164,029 POE SR iis 6:66:60 GRRE S ed chs ORG ENS HRS De 8,298 TE SE. ois ce ks tie is weeds Shekels Rasen eee 25,379 EOI ETT Tee eT eT eee 59,910 GR ROOEIPG NG. oivdc cae caters sashes sss debes 158,384 DE hcl dA CGA Niko Shs eRe ESOS Se FS 27,376 CONG MOO id ik. cca ces cece reswiorssocdvaa ses 35,218 Binal BERR. POR. occ svc ccc ocsicns 605.0606 6ca05088 44,357 Steel plates, worth more than 2% cents per pound... 395,253 DS 56a TaSh ETERS eas CERA CE SRO C06 e8e Ce COURS 811,394 Other manufactures of iron and steel.............. 1,826,987 IIl.—Free Goods. pT TT ee rT eerie TRE ee ee $7,021,939 NN Re aad og wien Ma gi gm Kuk eee a ee eee 208,524 EE ee er ee er Te ee 24,486 ee So ca sik aan & ee Gr caer eS me Ketew aves 1,507,344 Artigies Gee Gieiee CWIRG. 66 icici ccecweerccveeds 176,428 CON ig erika ai KS Reds CAS CWS DE HRD T ees 775,774 i'n 0 'tn.et pains tesnvas die teenahe ves 15,130 is catotear apenas es tev eusehes Savas ee 18,911 SR i bh a4 2d ad eee ees veh tbe ekaewewee Leen 27,070 pT eee eee TCT TT TCR Te YO TET a De NY ot we we we eo Y “m= Ol DP PD 10 > 1D 3 () 6 LO December 4, 1902 PERE SRE eS Ree ee oe ee ee 85,418 ee Me ee a Gas ew ew eee elee ewe aco weawkoen 304,888 es NOON Re ain's sere cid wine wedliewee a =e me ae dte me 4 9,879 Cate cn phd eed 4 eae es baa oki aenewens 193,660 Se eet ee kee eke ere en Sad eoneme na’ 1,061,634 WIG TOGO TOF MOMING WRG ccc cc ccccccsvccctes 1,212,205 | eee ee ee eee 69,438 Steel bowls for cream separators.............5.+:. 356,010 lt Se se cai cad dees CE aW ae Ce teh eanes ; 56,156 Car and locomotive wheels in rough............... 30,760 Ee IR TERT TEE O CET TC eR TTT 139,745 SE ds Seu a Gd OR MAS DAE Role Se Me eweree wornes 59,947 DR SE PAINTS vg i'oa o conew ces cuspacdeuns 655,559 dea hiv cata ekadecemenmnnees 791,733 Gee ee ee. GI a oan ea cdke sc ceededuceci« 13,914 Bbesl FAM. kc icccuve édawaeteies bedava d tenes 1,377,237 Steel for various manufactures...........e.0eeeees 400,336 i erers Tere eee eee Tee Ee eT eee Tee eT 29,111 ita ga lids kD E RSS RRR o We Raw eee eee. 326,559 Go ee eee ee re 127,872 Es 6. ha 4d ew bu niebelnie scale ce esa ceaawne es 38,174 BP Wik c.cvidcctutscaugete, Gctheene das wieeices 751,537 Galvanized wire......cecees rate «ie. dt ee ke @.e 8&6 474,725 SE on kes icceteiscowuns Cee SWeeheewénee btawedae 22,249 An English Steel Man in Canada. George G. Blackwell, head of the Liverpool firm, George G. Blackwell & Sons, which he founded 45 years ago, was recently in Toronto. In an interview he ex- pressed the opinion that the Canadian iron and steel in- dustry has a splendid future before it. Of the great plant at Sydney, Cape Breton, he spoke with admiration. As he makes a specialty of alloys he expresses a keen interest in the discovery of considerable bodies of the rarer elements used in some of these combinations, not- ably in a deposit of molybdenite, lately discovered in Haliburton district, Ontario. Some years ago, it ap- pears, his firm made extensive tests of molybdenum steel and molybdenum nickel steel, which led to impor- tant conclusions. He says there is a market for every pound of molybdenum that is produced, and that it is well worth $400 per ton. The ore, which usually runs from 50 to 65 per cent., is therefore worth $200 a ton and upward. Minor Notes, During the fiscal year ending June 30 last the amount claimed from the Canadian Government in the form of bounty for the prouuction of pig iron, puddled bars and steel ingots was $947,361, of which $791,089 was paid. The total production of iron and steel on which bounty was claimed was 413,089 tons, made up as follows: Pig iron, 341,654 tong, value, $741,009. Iron bars, 6984 tons, value, $20,549. Steel ingots, 64,401 tons, value, $185,802. Letters patent have been issued at Ottawa incorpo- rating G. E. Drummond, F. C. Henshaw, T. J. Drum- mond, J. T. McCall and BE. McDougall of Montreal and C. W. Guga of Chicago for the purpose of acquiring the property of the Londonderry Iron Company and exploit- ing and developing the same. Capital, $1,000,000. For the output of the month of September the Do- minion Iron & Steel Company claim $70,000 in bounties from the Government. C. A. ©. J. —— S$? — a Recent Course of the Russian Iron Trade. During the last ten years, says the London Jron and Coal Trades Review, Russia has made great strides in the production of pig iron, more especially in the southern districts, and is now producing 85 per cent. of her own requirements, The total production of pig iron in Rus- sia in 1890 and subsequent years has been: Production. Imports. Year. Tons. Tons. 0 rere eee wasee 3 éseeses BE iat ate ep bewens dees 1,452,420 | j(—§ .cccecs MD a iia wii tie Caen ake 1,621,100 75,216 aca ahs 0. 40k Mahe ae 1,880,410 102,178 PN 5 dis Od Eo Dena’ ue 2,219,850 99,819 ENG tik ie kia ha Oe «oe kes eee 2,703,890 136,723 Db h ace etre cdieesvveend 2,875,000 51,728 Leer eee ere 2,831,000 30,221 Of this output some 1,500,000 tons are produced in South Russia, which makes thus about 54 per cent. of the output. It will be observed that Russia, as a mar- ket for pig iron, has practically no existence. Indeed, exports of Russian iron were made to this country in the early part of the present year, although, of course, no THE IRON AGE. 7 permanent trade of this kind is possible. The details of last year’s output are as follows: Number of Output. furnaces. Tons. Nk Slee Cadac ele Ss cr, 18,791 RT cw eid di dital aula dwrde aca ca 95 802,885 REE wiiue vad adewelnewaaaeed 37 178,622 WM a cee ecdu seater carwcowak 19 1,506,384 WOU hia seucceadvdaenesenae 22 324,766 i ore ee 182 2,831,448 The above total includes 30,000 tons of direct cast- ings, of which more than one-half were made in the Urals. In 1991 the works belonging to the Russian Governinent only produced 115,000 tons of pig iron, so that practically all the output is now from the works of private firms. The following table shows the principal firms en- gaged in the manufacture of pig iron and their respective outputs: ‘ Tons. Hughes Works (Société Novorossiski)................ 249,511 Dniéper Works (Société Dniépovrienne du Midi de la MN <i Wer taee Cee With s coadenenswanedeueueame 221,929 Société Métallurgique Russo-Belge, Pierre Works...... 193,588 Alexandra Works(Société Méridionale Russe de Briansk) 184,144 Droujkovka Works (Société des Forges et Aciéries du MT ATU Add S 66 a Cedhe aie wee Vdtudeweneadex 106,570 Société Métallurgique du Donetz-Iouriefka............ 86,629 Société Métallurgique de Taganrog.................. 78,362 I IN aa na Sela hee dhe 60th cecedwdaewei aes 77,251 GEORG | WOU 6 ie Ge tresctde cdawebweecediewwes 75,161 SGTEEW FUSION MEME NOUNON ss ous ets duc ewseriswucwees 68,043 IFonderies d’acier de Makiefa Don Province........... 65,736 RIGO WHORE Gee ck «cee dbebedesstadeddudaseaenrnneds 55,356 Kertch Works (Société des usines et mines de Kertch). 53,014 The 1901 statistics for the manufactured iron trade are given in the following table. Of puddled iron the Government works produced some 10 per cent. of the total, but in finished iron this percentage falls to about 6 per cent.: No. of Puddled Finished works. iron.—Tons. iron.—Tons. PL deed nawd meee oleae nae 2 22,688 47,567 CE car irare 6 cig eiaa ewan wale 64 307,525 204,985 CP kccsendeawawdeeesewe <5 15 65,606 47,454 SGD so 0 sane ese e 6 we 1 1,334 479 eee ee eee 1 wears 1,001 ee ee 9 22,633 26,429 EM nch Wemeaes obese dm 92 419,786 327,915 The output of steel in Russia has increased at a very rapid rate. The table which follows shows the output, in tons, in 1901. In addition to the totals given, about 30,000 tons of castings were produced, practically all using open hearth steel. There was also about 2000 tons of crucible steel produced. The Government works make no Bessemer steel, and only 2% per cent. of the cpen hearth output: -——-Open hearth.——, -———Bessemer.——, Bars, Rails, No. of Blooms shapes, Blooms shapes, works. and billets. plates, &c. and billets. sheets, &c. PO wiaawea 1 99,641 111,858 pee -uwtwies ear 33 337,039 214,455 48,585 41,243 COMO cckiecs 9 184,978 Ieee sasgedes wneeen WO awcenus 13 571,917 257,132 555,616 440,294 PORE csiicws s 236,937 tee eee «=e “ee Totals.....64 1,430,512 984,848 617,497 481,537 The principal works producing steel ingots, blooms and billets, with their respective outputs, are given in the following table: Open Bes- hearth. semer. Tons. Tons. Société Dniépovrienne de la Russie méridionale.119,963 94,908 Hughes, Société Nov