The Iron Age 1902-04-17: Vol 69 Iss 16

A Review of the Hardware, Iron, Machinery and Metal Trades. Published every Thursday Morning by David Williams Co., 232-238 William St., New York, Vol. 69: No 16, Reading Matter Contents.........page 58 Alphabetical index to Advertisers “ 171 Classified List of Advertisers .... “* 164 Advertising and Subscription Rates “ THE BRISTOL COMPANY, Waterbury, Conn Bristol’s Recording Instruments. . For a ten Medal, Puris Exposition. an eee Rin Oo SAMSON SPOT CORD mega ete rbot SAMSON CORDAGE WORKS, Boston, Mass. - TURNBUCKLES. and City Forge an 1 Broadway, and Iron Co., eens, 0, aon wn DOoK Lue. =a MERRILL BROS., 465 to 471 Kent Ave , Brooklyn, E.D., N.Y. Low Phosphorus Pig} Girard Building, Phila. PILLING & CRANE, at By bide ieee ue APOLLO BEST BLOOM GALVANIZED IRON " Don’t use refractory gal: vanized iron—you might as well use poor tools as poor stuff. ...The-standard_is Apollo. American Sheet Steel Company, New York New York, Thursday, April 17, 1902 $5.00 a Year, inctuding Postage, Single Copies, Ten Cents, POWDER The Name Smokeless Changed to Arrow. - The tamous U. M. C. SMOKELESS shell is now / BULK SMOKELESS branded ARROW, but the quality and color remain the same. This change of name has been made to better protect the shooters of U. M. C. loaded shells, who have often been given shells of other makes loaded with smokeless powder when they wished U. M. €C. SMOKELESS. Specify U. M. C. when ordering ammunition. THE UNION METALLIC CARTRIDGE C€0., AGENCY: 313 Broadway, New York City. FACTORY: Bridgeport, Conn. CAPEWELL HORSE NAILS. NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA, CHICAGO, ST. LOUIS, BOSTON, DETROIT, CINCINNATI, SAN FRANCISCO) PORTLAND, ORE., BUFFALO, BALTIMORE, NEW ORLEANS. DENVER. THE CAPEWELL HORSE NAIL COMPANY, HARTFORD, CONN. BRANCHES: Jenkins Bros. ’ Valves are manufactured of the best steam metal, and are fully eed, experiment with cheap valves? If you want the BEST ask your dealer for valves mar ufactured Jenkins Brothers. Re- by member all genuine are stamped with Trade Mark like cut. JENKINS BROTHERS, New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, Boston. THE AMERICAN TUBE & STAMPING CO, HOT AND COLD ROLLED Successor to SEE 153 STRIP STEEL. The WILMOT & HOBBS MFG, CO. pace Idds MAG! NOLIA Mm mM ETAL. Pesan cette ee oe ees oe ails I ae = Ss. eae ee te ee ae Lax eee eas oe? aeretmase - oo: en * a ; = - one > . oi Ro ee - Peres erie oe PE IE om se Ty Te eo EE . comsalieiianenranmman: LER See ae Cee er PS Nr yer Rik afte “elaine nailed ery - : E e Ly T 3 ' 1 : : s x , 8 ish y . ° 3 " - : le Rs ‘ x r 7 oy Fe is a a THE IRON AGE. THE ANSONIA BRASS »” COPPER CO. MANUFACTURERS OF BRASS AND COPPER Seamless Tubes, Sheets, Rods and Wire. ingot Copper. Tobin Bronze (TRADE-MaRK REGISTERED.) Condenser Piates,Pump Linings, Round, Square and Hexagon Bars, for Pump Piston Rods and Bolt Forgings. Seamiess Tubes. 99 John Street, . - Randolph-Clowes Co., Main Office and Mill, WATERBURY, CONN. MANUFACTURERS OF SHEET BRASS & COPPER. BRAZED BRASS & COPPER TUBES. SEAMLESS BRASS & COPPER TUBES ‘TO 36 IN. DIAM. New York Office, 258 Ss rentwey, Postal Tel- Chicago Ofice, tia Fi Fisher Bldg, Boston Office, Cor. Oliver and Sts. New York. WATERBURY BRESS G0. ESTABLISHED 1845. Main Office and Mills at Waterbury, Conn. NEW YORK STORE, Nos. 122 to 130 Centre St. OVER ONE MILLION LBS. of Brass, German Silver, Bronze and Copper in Sheet, ‘Wire, Rod, Brazed and Seamless Tubing regularly car- ried in stock. Complete Lines Specially Carried for the Hardware Trade, Coppersmiths’ Eyelets, Shells, Supplies, Metallic Ferrules and small brass wares of every description. Deoxidized Babbitt. NEVER HAS BEEN BEATEN, Bridgeport Deoxidized Bronze & Metal Co. BRIDGEPORT, CONN. THOMASTON, CONN. THE PLUME & Atwooo M6, Co., MANUFACTURERS OF Sheet and Roll Brass —AND— WIRE PRINTERS’ BRASS, JEWELERS’ METAL, GERMAN SILVER AND GILDING METAL, COPPER RIVETS AND BURRS. Pins, Brass Butt Hinges, Jack Chain, Kere- sene Burners, Lamps, Lamp Trimmings, &c. tee 29 MURRAY ST.. NEW YORK. 144 HIGH ST., BOSTON. 199 LAKE ST., CHICAGO, FACTORIES : WATERBURY, CONN. ROLLING MILL ? SCOVILL MFG. CO., Manufacturers of BRASS, CERMAN SILVER Sheets, Rolis, Wire Rods, Bolts and Tubes, Brass Shelis, Cups, Hinges, Buttons, Lamp Coods. SPECIAL BRASS GOODS TO ORDER Factories, WATERBURY, CONN. DEPOTS: CHICAGO, NEW YORK, BOSTON. JOHN DAVOL & SONS, AGENTS FOR Brooklyn Brass & Copper Co., DEALERS IN Ae.* COPPER, TIN, SPELTER, LEAD, ANTIMONY. 100 John Street, - New York. Arthur T: Rutter SUCCESSOR TO WILLIAM S. FEARING 256 Broadway, NEW YORK. Small tubing in Brass, Copper, Steel, Aluminum, German Silver, &c. Sheet Brass, Copper and Ger- man Silver. Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire. Brazed and Seamless Brass and Copper Tube. Copper and Brass Rod. “PHONO-ELECTRIC” Matthiessen & Hegeler Zinc Co.,. LA SALLE, ILLINOIS. SMELTERS OF SPELTER AND MANUFACTURERS OF SHEET ZINC AND SULPHURIC Special Sizes of Zinc cut to order.. Rolled Battery Plates. Selected Plates for Etchers’ and Lith phers’ use. Selected Sheets for Paper and Card Makers’ use. Stove and Washboard Blanks. ZINCS FOR LECLANCHE BATTERY. UL NN mnrene ei Uk 28 S6&8-:74 Wwest Monroe St. ACID. Chicago. SCT OUG CEM NERS TURE NUTT Meth RAL Se mete “IT'S TOUGH.” TROLLEY, TELEPHONE WIRE. eed BATTLE CREEK, MICH. Founders, Finishers. R. A. HART, W. G. ROWELL & CO., BRIDGEPORT, CONN. and eT ome TELEGRAPH Belleville Copper Rolling Mills, LINES. MANUFACTURERS OF Brasicers’ Bolt and Sheathing oe onn. COPPER, COPPER WViRE AND Riv=zy Ts. ov Importers and Dealers in Ingot Copper, Block Tin, Spelter, Lead, Antimony, etc. 49 CLIFF ST., NEW YORK. dsenort, BRIDGEPORT BRASS CO, ‘THE IRON AGE THURSDAY, The Epright Machine for Making Boiler Stays from Bars. {n automatic machine for producing boiler stays from the bar has been designed by A. W. Epright, scale inspector of the Pennsylvania Railroad, Altoona, Pa. The leading feature of the machine is to be found in the combination, in a bolt cutting machine, of success- ively acting cutting devices, one acting to cut down the body of the rod to be threaded, another cutting the threads at each side of the cut down portion, and a third cutting the finished bolt from the rod. At the top of the frame are parallel guides, upon which the tool holding head is adjustably secured, and upon which the frame supporting the chuck clutch slides. A supplemental frame which supports the sleeve bear- ing of the feed shaft is also adjustably secured on these APRIL 17, 1902. movement of the cam, release the rod and again grip it when moved in the opposite direction. This operated by a depending lever, which is acted on at proper intervals by the dogs L / attached to the disk K. his disk, ijike the other selecting devices on the ma chine, is secured to the shaft I. At times this shaft moves at different speeds, this being accomplished by changing the speed of the shaft which drives this one. On the shaft I' are the disks K. K’, K’, &c. As ex plained, the first actuates the friction feed device. The second, K', moves the sliding clutch, while K* moves the clutch ring. The next disk is provided with four dogs, the action of one pair being to move the clutch ring to engaging position, and in the other direction for release. The other pair of dogs move it in the opposite direction for engagement and back to the neutral position. The disk K* also has two pairs of dogs. One pair moves a clutch to engage the belt wheel and to disengage it, while the other pair brings into action the gear along cam 18 THB EPRIGHT MACHINE guides. A sleeve driven by the gear B’, Fig. 3, is sup ported in suitable bearings. This sleeve has no longi- tudinal movement. Fitted in the sleeve is the hollow feed shaft C, which is keyed to turn with the sleeve and is free to move longitudinally. To the outer end of the shafe is secured the head C?, which moves in guides by means of a feed screw. At the inner end of the hollow shaft is a second head, D™, as shown in Fig. 5. This earries the clutch, which is shown in section’ in Fig. 7. Moving in a bearing formed in the head is a sleeve, D*, formed with a conical face oppositely inclined to that of the stationery head. The jaws D® lie between the conical faces, so that when the movable head is moved toward the stationary head the jaws will be pressed toward the center to grip the bar passing between. When moved in the opposite direction the jaws relax their grip and permit the rod to move freely. This de vice is adjustable to rods of different diameters. rhe hollow feed shaft C, and through it the chuck clutch, is actuated by the gearing shown in Figs. 3 and 4. The rod is fed through the hollow sleeve by a_ gripping mechanism driven by the sprocket wheel G. A wedge shaped cam actuates the gripping rolls, which, at one FOR MAKING BOILER STAYS side the belt pulley. The next disk operates the sleeve O of the clutch H® through the levers Q, Q'. The disk IX’ controls the chuck clutch at the end of the shaft C, already mentioned. The cutting dies are brought into action by the disk K’, while the last disk controls the cutting down mechanism. The cutting tools and their actuating devices are car- ried in the main head R, Fig. 5, which is adjustably supported in guides. The lower portion of the head is made with two slotted openings, R*, Fig. 6, through which extends a shaft, 7°. Threaded perforations are formed through the opposite walls of the head, and open into the upper part of chambers containing the wheels shown. The dies holding slides are shown at T°. On the back of the guide R are guides in which move the slides S', supporting the cutting down tool, the in- ward movement of which is adjustable. The thread cut- ting dies, like the cutting down tool, are normally drawn outward by springs and are forced inward to cutting position by suitable mechanism. Operation. Immediately after the cutting off of a bolt from the end of the rod the first disk brings the friction rolls aie oe { 4 i 'y yt i " { ; f = y hed the ey x = ae pa z oS - ane ‘fee See ee ne arnt may en nr mre cmc ltd bom NE, Rs ar emai 2 THE IRON AGE. into action to feed the bar forward through the chuck clutch, which has been opened immediately after the severance of the bolt, until it strikes the stop J°, which is in its operative position by this time. The bar being in this position, the proper cam acts upon the chuck clutch, so that it will close down upon the bar and grip April 17, 1902 League, and since that time the members of this league have been actively at work in promoting a favorable sentiment toward reciprocity. The meeting just held at Chicago is an outgrowth of the movement set on foot in Kansas and represents a much broader constituency. The attendance comprised manufacturers and others freesert Pirit Fig. 2. Figs. 2 and 3 Together Make Up a Side Elevation, THE EPRIGHT MACHINE FOR MAKING BOILER STAYS. it firmly to the hollow feed rod C, after which the wedge shaped cam acting on the friction wheels is again thrust in, so as to press the wheels outward out of contact with the bar. The bar is now in position to be operated upon, and the hollow shaft C is moved outward at the proper speed for the cutting down operation to be performed on the center of the bolt. The cutting down tool is then retracted, as is also the bolt, but at increased speed. When the bolt has reached the proper position the threading dies are closed down and the rod is fed forward while being threaded. The dies again operate upon the rear end of the bolt. The cutting off tool is then brought into action to sever the bolt from the rod. $$ —___ Reciprocity Agitation in the West. The movement in favor of reciprocity, which received a setback as a result of the deliberations of the Na- tional Reciprocity Convention at Washington last No- vember, has by no means been abandoned. The feeling in favor of establishing better commercial relations with foreign countries through this policy is particularly strong in the West. That the agitation will be con- tinued, and that it will be conducted with considerable energy, is shown by the action taken at a meeting held in Chicago last week by representatives of manufactur- ing and general business interests, called together by Governor Stanley of Kansas, Some three months since Governor Stanley called a meeting in Topeka, which re- sulted in the formation of the Western Reciprocity representing a number of States, including Eastern as well as Western sections of the country. The Chicago convention adopted the following resolutions: Resolved, That the doctrine that there should be no modifica tion of the tariff which involves any injury to any home indus- try permits each industry to be sole judge whether such modi- fication will cause injury, prevents all reform in existing trade laws, however beneficial to the people in general such reform would be, and subordinates the interests of the many to that of the few, in place of which we propose broad, liberal commercial regulations beneficial to the people of the whole country. Resolved, That the reciprocal treaties negotiated by Minister Kasson, under the direction and with the approval of President McKinley, should be promptly ratified as beneficial to the inter- ests of the people of this country, and that further treaties along the same lines ought to be negotiated with the nations. Resolved, That no matter what may be done with reciprocity treaties with other countries, a liberal treaty should be promptly negotiated with Cuba, which is virtually a ward of the United States, the present duties on Cuban products being unjustly much higher than the average duties on the products of other countries. Resolved, finally, That the interests of an active minority should not prevail over those of a passive majority, and that in making tariff and reciprocal treaties with other nations the in- terests of American industries and of the American people as a whole ought to be considered. For the purpose of conducting the agitation in favor of reciprocity, an organization was formed to be named the National Reciprocity League, whose membership will consist of all persons in favor of its objects and willing to pay a membership fee of $2 a year to create a publicity fund for the publication and circulation of lit- erature of the organization. Governor Stanley was elected president and A. B. Hulit of Topeka secretary. H. C. Staver was made chairman of the Board of Di- April 17, 1902 THE rectors, Whose membership includes such representative men as G. Watson French of the Republic Lron & Steel Company, James Deering of the Deering Company, A. B. Farquhar of York, Pa., way of New York. Another convention, to Harvester and S. R. Callo- which representatives from IRON AGE. 3 be crowned with success, The belief was expressed that the present condition of very great domestic prosperity has only temporarily lessened interest in this subject manufacturers, but that existing should not be permitted to interfere with a movement which will be productive of great benefit to the business among conditions Fig. 5. THD all industries will be invited, will probably be called during the summer. The proceedings of the convention just held comprised, in addition to the organization of the new league, a free interchange of opinion relative to reciprocity. The views thus expressed showed a most enthusiastic belief in this policy, and the determination on the part of those present to continue to advocate reci- procity in the -belief that eventually their efforts will —\ \a Go ey a / TT oh | 2 : pm | J ‘ J s 5 ¢ i <- 5 x < > $ ll mn fg “ 4 “ pad “ .. ~ a ~ i y ti r w Wy, wa L ad = Mannnw™ Fig. 4 End View. Enlarged Plan View of Rod Chuck and Cutting Tool Guides EPRIGHT MACHINE FOR MAKING BOILER STAYS interests of the country when the tide of prosperity be- gins to ebb. <= A New Coke Furnace at Detroit.—A company will shortly be organized to operate a blast furnace in the vicinity of Detroit, Mich. The capital stock has been placed at $1,500,000, all of which has been subscribed by Cleveland, Pittsburgh and Detroit capitalists. M. A. z Pa Pr Pr as eat WPM ensenerneeeenenitlirt Aiea elated. akan lieliait AN ital, eens. gl ae ‘ Ta a a” cs 4 THE IRON AGE. Hanna & Co. of Cleveland have taken a good sized in- terest, will furnish the ore and will sell the product. The furnace will be located on Zug Island, adjoining April 17, 1902 pany are producing large quantities of coke in by-prod- uct ovens. They have agreed to furnish for ten years all the coke necessary for a 300-ton furnace at a price R d \ ty ew , THe IRON AGE Fig. 6.—Front View of Head. Fig. 8.—Cross Sectional View of Cutting Head. THE EPRIGHT MACHINE the Solvay Process Company’s plant, a few miles south of Detroit, at the junction of the Rouge and Detroit. The tract fronts the Detroit River and is supplied with excellent railroad facilities. The Solvay Process Com- not exceeding $2.25 per ton. The furnace contemplated will have a capacity of 250 to 300 tons daily and will be built on the most approved modern plan. It will be 77 x 17% feet. It is claimed that pig iron can be produced at this point at a saving, as compared with furnaces in Ohio and Pennsyl- vania, of 60 cents per ton on ore and from 50 to 75 cents per ton on coke. It is expected that market will be found in Detroit for the entire output of the furnace. The saving in freight in reaching Detroit consumers is from $1.25 to $1.50 per ton. Detroit has in the past pro- duced large quantities of pig iron, but it has been made exclusively with charcoal as fuel. A project is on foot for the erection of a rolling mill at Brazil, Ind. Local newspapers state that the pro- Fig. 9.—Elevation Showing Cutting Off Mechanism, FOR MAKING BOILER STAYS. moters are practical mill men, and that they have been offered 20 acres of land as a site for the plant. They hkve asked for a bonus of $10,000 to secure the location of the works at that point. April 17, 1902 The Lovering Drawback Bill. The Question of Revenue. WASHINGTON, D. C., April 15, 1902.—The Ways and Means Committee, which last week held an extended hearing on the Lovering bill, designed to simplify and reform the general drawback laws with a view to stim- ulating export trade in various lines of manufacture, has taken the measure up for consideration, and has re- ferred it to the Treasury Department for an opinion as to the probable effect of such a law. The committee de- sires information upon two specific points: 1, As to the probable loss of revenue under the proposed statute; and, 2, as to whether the interests of the Government and of the domestic producer of raw materials could be fully safeguarded by executive regulations. The subject is one of so much importance and the data upon which to formulate a report are so meager that the Department will probably devote considerable time to considering the measure before replying. The corre- spondent of The Iron Age is in position to state that the chief anxiety of the Department concerning the probable effect of the measure relates to the revenue which might be lost as the result of its operation. This apprehension, there is good reasun to believe, is quite unfounded, but it is realized that no amount of study devoted to available statistics concerning drawbacks will shed much light on this phase of the subject. According to the compiled fig- ures of the Treasury Department for the fiscal year end- ing June 30, 1900, the total paid in drawbacks was $5,215,502, and it is significant that this was nearly a quarter of a million dollars less than the amount paid in the year 1900, which was $5,430,397. The largest single item was tin cans, on which the drawback was $1,495.,- 002; sugar and other saccharine products were second with a total of $1,077,449; leather stood third with $960,- 719, and bags fourth with $404,508. Aside from these items the aggregates paid in drawbacks on the products of any single industry were comparatively insignificant, amounting altogether to but $1,277,824. These figures, it will be observed, furnish no clew as to the expansion that might occur under such a law as that suggested by Mr. Lovering, and if they show any- thing it is that the items upon which the largest draw- backs are now paid would not increase greatly under the projected law, for in the matter of tin cans, sugar, leather and bags very little difficulty is now experienced in securing drawback of duties on all of these products for which a foreign market can be found. Asa matter of fact, the plants producing these goods for export are de- voted almost exclusively to that branch of the business and do not manufacture for domestic consumption. It is quite obvious, however, that the gain in exports under the Lovering bill would be in those lines which are now so seriously hampered by the law and regulations thereunder as not to be able to take advantage of the benefit of drawback, and on this point the official statis- tics furnish no information. But in the nature of things, increased drawbacks would require to be predicated upon increased importations of dutiable materials, and this fact is being urged upon the Treasury Department for the purpose of dissipating any fear lest the proposed law would make serious inroads upon the revenue. Upon this point Mr. Lovering, who has made a ‘very close study of the subject, said to the correspondent of The Tron Age: I have no doubt that the effect of this bill, if enacted, will be to very materially increase the amount of re- bates that will be paid, but it does not necessarily follow that this will mean any loss whatever to the Govern- ment. The present aggregate of rebate payments per annum is about $5,000,000, which, of course, is infini- tesimally small. Should this bill become a law, I should hope to see this amount increased many times, for that is one of the objects of the bill. This increase, however, would result not from the repayment of duties which now go into the Treasury, but from the repayment of duties on materials which are not now imported at all. In other words, American manufacturers in all trades THE IRON AGE. 5 are obliged to decline orders for goods for export be cause they cannot meet competitive prices in foreign markets on account of the high cost of domestic mate- rials or the difficulty of securing drawback of duty on foreign materials. Now, it is very clear that if this bill enables our manufacturers to go more largely into the export business it will compel them at the same time to import raw materials in correspondingly increased quan- tities. The result will be a very imporant increase in the customs revenue, from which the Government will be en- abled to pay the increased rebates. In a nutshell, the bill is designed to increase our exports, and it is a very sim- ple arithmetical proposition that if it accomplishes this purpose it will of necessity increase the imports of du- tiable raw materials proportionately. It is perfectly ob- vious that if the imports of raw materials, and hence the duties paid thereon, are not increased there will be no increase in the amount of drawback paid, for the one de- pends directly on the other. It has been suggested that, from a revenue stand- point, this bill may operate to cause manufacturers to export, with benefit of drawback, goods produced from imported materials which are now consumed in prod- ucts made for the domestic trade, and that this would compel the Treasury Department to increase the amount of drawback paid without any corresponding increase in dutiable foreign materials imported. This suggestion, while ingenious, is without the slightest basis in fact or reason. Foreign materials are now imported for use in the production of goods for the domestic trade simply because there is a demand for them, either because of their cheapness or their peculiar quality. If domestic material would serve as well the foreign would not be brought in. Now, no one will for a moment contend that there is iikely to be. any decrease in the demand hereafter in the domestic trade for raw materials, hence the home market may be counted upon to continue to ab- sorb a constantly increasing quantity of both foreign and domestic materials, and it therefore follows that if our manufacturers succeed in securing a larger share of foreign business as the result of the passage of this drawback bill they will be compelled to import foreign raw materials in proportion. Reduced to its simplest terms this is a very simple proposition. The bill merely relieves the exporter of the necessity of identifying the raw materials in his fin- ished goods, but it still makes it necessary for him either to import an equivalent quantity of such raw ma- terial, or to purchase it from some one who has imported it. There is no chance whatever either to defraud the revenue or to reduce the national income by compelling the Treasury Department to give up any part of the du- ties which it now receives. The export business created under this bill will be new business, and the drawbacks paid will be disbursed from duties which do not reach the Treasury Department at all. W. le C. ——$_$_$ ge. Destructive Fire at the Durango Iron & Steel Works. With the exception of the rolling mill and blast fur- nace, the entire plant of the Mexican National Iron & Steel Company, situated near the famous “ Iron Moun- tain,” at Durango, Mexico, was destroyed by fire on the night of the 8th inst. The loss is placed at $300,000, There is no insurance. The fire broke out at about 9 p.m. in the carpenter shop. Lack of water and inade- quate facilities for fighting the fire prevented any ef- fective efforts to save the property. The works hay been idle for two or three weeks past on account of shortage of pig iron. G. L. Callanan, the general mar ger and vice-president of the company, has been in United States for the past month, and is expected at works daily. The fire entails a serious loss to Durango. It is feared that the plant will not be rebuilt. ———_—_—_—_—_—___— The first of the two blast furnaces now building at Portoferraio, Elba, is to blow in on January 1, the sec- ond to follow later. The company are entitled Société Miniere et Hauts-Fourneaux Elba. Smee mee 1 \ ' tes Per ttt ete Se ee THE IRON AGE. Our Production of Open Hearth Steel. The American Iron and Steel Association has pub- lished the following report: The total production of open hearth steel in the United States in 1901, including direct steel castings, was 4,656,309 gross tons, against 3.598,135 tons in 1900, an inerease of 1,258,174 tons, or over 37 per cent. The production of open hearth steel has more than doubled in the last four years, having increased from 2,280,292 tons in 1898 to the figures above given for 1901. The following table gives the production of open hearth steel ingots and castings, by States, since 1898: 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. States. Gross tons. Gross tons. Gross tons. Gross tons. New England 47,381 57,124 74,522 170,876 New York and New Jersey 47,957 61,461 67,361 82,985 Pennsylvania 817,521 2,393,811 2,699,502 3,594,763 Ohio 79,886 117,458 130,191 184,943 Illinois 183,103 246,183 285,551 398,522 Other States...... 54,444 71,279 141,008 224,220 Totals........2,230,292 2,947,316 3,898,135 4,656,309 In 1900 our open hearth steel production for the first time exceeded that of Great Britain, which then amounted to 3,156,050 tons. Great Britain’s production in 1900 was the largest in her history. Our open hearth steel made in 1901 was produced by 90 works in 14 States—Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Tennessee, Alabama, Ohio, Indiana, Lllinois, Wisconsin and Mis- souri. In 1900 94 works and 17 States made open hearth steel. Neither Maryland, Kentucky, Michigan nor Min- nesota produced open hearth steel in 1901, although all four States were producers in 1900. Rhode Island made open hearth steel for the first time in 1901. In 1900 the production of open hearth steel by the basic process amounted to 2,545,091 tons, and by the acid process to 853,044 tons. In 1901 3,618,993 tons were made by the basic process and 1,037,316 tons were made by the acid process, as follows, by States: Basic open Acid open Total. States.—Gross tons. hearth steel. hearth steel. Gross tons. New England 87,529 83,347 170,876 New York and New Jersey.. 46,805 36,180 82,985 PORMSPIVOMIR: ooo i viicceas 2,840,230 754,533 3,594,763 Ohio 120,146 64,797 184,943 353,395 45,127 398,522 170,888 53,332 224,220 Totals 3,618,993 1,037,316 4,656,309 The total production of open hearth steel castings in 1901, included above, amounted to 301,622 gross tons, of which 94,941 tons were made by the basic process and 206,681 tons were made by the acid process. In 1900 the production of open hearth steel castings amounted to 177,491 tons, of which 42,644 tons were made by the basic process and 134,847 tons by the acid process. The following table gives the production of open hearth steel castings by the acid and basic processes in 1901 by States: : Acid Basic Total. States.—Gross tons. New England, New York and New Jersey 33,165 3,989 37,154 Pennsylvania 104,631 3,855 108,486 Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and other 68,885 87,097 155,982 I oii te ae 206,681 94,941 301,622 ee The Iron Industry of Italy.—The production of iron ore according to the latest official statistics of Italy was 236,549 metric tons in 1900, against 247,278 tons ir 1899. The preduction of manganese ore was, respectively, 4356 and 6014 tons, while the output of manganiferous ore was 3075 tons in 1900 and 26,800 tons in 1899. The exports of iron ore from Elba were 199,828 tons in 1900, against 227,622 tons in 1899. The production of pig iron rose from 19,218 tons in 1897 to 23,990 tons in 1900. The ontput of iron and steel was 306,405 tons in 1909, including 159,600 tons of iron and 77,815 tons of steel, bars, sheets, plates, beams and angles; 15,300 tons of iron wire, nails, &c.; 2000 tons of iron tubes, 8190 tons of steel rails, 7234 tons of steel castings. castings. Gross tons, April 17, 1902 castings for the navy and 10,000 tons of tin plates. The production of steel ingots was only 13,736 tons, the iron and steel industry of Italy consisting chiefly of reroll- ing old material. -_ The Gayley Laboratory. On Saturday, April 5, the formal presentation took place at Easton, Pa., of the new laboratory of chemistry and metallurgy presented by James A. Gayley, first vice-president of the United States Steel Corporation, to Lafayette College, from which institution he graduated in 1876. The opening exercises were held in the auditorium of Pardee Hall, Prof. Edward Hart, who occupies the chair of chemistry, making some introductory remarks, which were followed by an address delivered by Presi- dent Ira Remson of Johns Hopkins University on * The Significance of Chemical Laboratories.” Dr. T. M. Drown, president of Lehigh University, chose as his theme “The Contributions of Chemistry to Sanitary Science,’ Dr. Drown having been at the time Mr. Gayley’s professor of chemistry. The third formal address was that of Henry M. Howe of Columbia College on “ Metallurgical Labora- tories.” At the conclusion of these addresses the assembled guests proceeded to the entrance of the laboratory, where the formal presentation was made by Mr. Gay- ley, and accepted by John W. Hollenback, president of the Board of Trustees. The proceedings closed with a dedicatory prayer with benediction by the Rev. Samuel A. Gayley, the father of Mr. Gayley, who grad- uated from Lafayette College in 1847. The Laboratory. The Gayley Laboratory of Chemistry and Metallurgy is a three-story building, constructed of mottled brick with trimmings of Indiana limestone and terra cotta. It is 88 feet long by 73 feet, entrance depth. The build- ing is fire proof and is so far as possible arranged to preserve all the exposed iron work from the attack of acid fumes. On the ground floor are the steam heating apparatus and coal cellars, lavatory, stock room, begin- ners’ laboratory room for 116 men, the assay room, metallurgical laboratory, crystallizing room and room for water and gas analysis. On the first floor the Henry W. Oliver Library and Museum, established by Mr. Oliver of Pittsburgh, is located. There is also a large lecture room for 125 men, the professors’ offices and preparation room, a stock room and laboratory for 44 advanced workers. The second story contains the qualitative and quantitative laboratories, with room for 44 men in eacl, two balance rooms and a small audi- torium. Over the hallway is a third story containing the photographic room and the dark room. Some of the special features of the building are de- seribed as follows by Professor Hart: “The walls have an air space throughout to keep them dry. The floors and roof are supported on steel beams, upon which are laid cement floors strengthened with expanded metal. These floors are 4 inches thick and calculated to support 150 pounds per square foot. The partitions are also of expanded metal or small I beams covered and filled with plaster. They are only 2 inches thick, but very strong and stiff. The ceilings are high to give plenty of air and the windows large to give plenty of light. On either side are three large flues 18 inches in diameter, against which the hoods are placed. ‘There are three 6-inch openings into each of these hoods one from each flue, giving a strong draft and at the same time ventilating the laboratory. With a little care we think this will be sufficient. Without care, in a college laboratory, nothing is sufficient. When bromine is being boiled or hydrogen sulphide made on the desk, or a solution of sulphurous acid evaporated, nothing but forced draft and wide open windows will make the room inhabitable. The ceilings are plastered with cement, which, we hope and believe, will April 17, 1902 THE not peel off, and the walls painted with cold water paint. This we expect to brush off with wire brushes and re new as often as may be necessary. The steel beams have been covered with the best asphalt varnish we could find. This is believed to be the best protective covering where the metal is exposed, as here, to acid vapors. It can be, as you will see, renewed as often as is necessary.” One striking feature of the laboratory is its general appearance of simplicity all showy display. Among those present at the ceremonies were: Charles M. Schwab, president of the United States Steel Corporation; W. B. Dickson, W. R. Walker, William Edenborn, member of the Executive Commit tee; D. M. Clemson, Charles W. Baker, J. Warner Allen and D. H. Doble, also connected with the United States Steel Corporation. Oliver Williams and Samuel Thomas and the complete absence of dedication COALING CHUTE of Catasauqua; B. IF. Fackenthal, Jr., president of: the Thomas Iron Company, Easton, Pa.; Il. P. Pardee and W. L. Ayres of Hazleton; W. L. Sheafer, Pottsville; John M. Hartman of Philadelphia; Prof. John A Brashear, Pittsburgh; David Williams, publisher The Iron Age; W. B. Kunhardt of the Carpenter Steel Com- pany, New York; Edwin Thomas, Catasauqua, Pa.; William Kent, associate editor of the Engineering News; O. C. Gayley, general agent of the Safety Car Heating & Lighting Company, New York, and Dr. C. B. Dudley, Altoona, Pa. cisternae A Coaling Chute Operated by Gasoline Engine. The accompanying illlustration shows a coaling chute for supplying coal to locomotives, designed by T. W. Snow, 360 Dearborn street, Chicago, manager of the Western branch of the Otto Gas Engine Works. Mr. Snow has equipped quite a number of coaling stations on Western railroads in this manner, and the plan is rapidly growing into greater favor. The method in general use is to employ a locomotive to push a car of coal up an in- cline to the coal chute. This requires not only a very IRON OPERATED BY AGE. 7 expensive machine which might be used to greater ad Vantage in regular railroad service, but also necessitates the employment of a crew of men. The old system in use cases further involves the shoveling of the Hh rian) coal from the cars into bins, requiring more men. The modern in other idea in railroad management as well as branches of business involving the use of la bor and machinery is to reduce cost as much as possible by taking advantage of improved mechanical appliances. | flow to the ten- Lhere is no reason why coal should not der of a locomotive in the same way that water tlows from an elevated tank, and it can be controlled prac tically in the same fashion The arrangement here shown provides for the hauling of the coal in cars hav into bins which hold anywhere from 5 to 500 tons, the bins for the Instead of using a ing dumping bottoms to enable them to discharge from locomotive to ‘levated coal to flow inte the being them sufficiently tender. Vaan a, GASOLINE ENGINE push ears up the incline, a gasoline engine is installed for this this character being easily operated, one man in attendance can handle all The great as the expense of operation ceases as soon as the engine stops. purpose. An engine of the coal and water at one station at the same time. engine can be used with very economy, The gasoline engine is of 30 horse-power. Its power is conveyed through a countershaft with a leather belt to the Lidgerwood hoist with link belt and sprocket wheels. The belt runs over a tight and loose pulley on the engine to a tight and loose pulley on the countershaft. above The full horse-power of the engine may The cable, which is 600 feet the drum of the The ca- pacity of this engine is to elevate a car of 150,000 pounds weight up a 20 minute. be reached in 30 seconds. long, is wound around hoist. 2ross per cent. grade at 20 feet per While this is not a very high speed, it is fast enough, as the man in attendance seidom has over five or six cars a day to elevate, and he would have spare time no matter what the speed might be. It has been demonstrated by careful accounting that the cost of coal- this method as compared with the old pian has been reduced from about 20 cents per ton to less than 3 cents per ton. ing locomotives hy | Sow we ae 5 nem ot eal ttn ated Aaj! Fe natn et te seater a ae senreiktnhnn hei alii iain bane im, ae = PEG we? ee Se) ee a a 8 THE IRON AGE. The Iron Resources of Texas.” BY DR. WM. B. PHILLIPS, AUSTIN, TEXAS. It has been known for many years that in the east- ern, or rather in the northeastern, part of the State there are extensive deposits of good limonite (brown ore), and that in the central part, in the county of Liano, &¢c., there are deposits of hematite and magne- tite of excellent quality but unknown extent. It is also known that up to this time no workable deposits of coking coal have been found in the State. So far as coneerns the fuel question and local production of pig iron, Texas must use charcoal, or bring in coke from the Indian Territory, Colorado, New Mexico or Alabama. With our present lights we can put to one side the use of lignite as fuel in the blast furnace. Whatever suc- cess might accompany its use in a small furnace and on a very limited scale (and this is problematical), no met- allurgist or blast furnace manager could advise the use of it on a commercial scale. It is a fact that in Northeast Texas and in the coun- ties of Rusk, Marion, Cherokee, Cass, &c., there are de- posits of good limonite of sufficient extent to warrant operations on a large scale. These ores are of the usual brown ore type, and carry from 45 to 50 per cent. of iron and from 0.30 to 0.60 per cent. of phosphorus. It is also a fact that they can be mined cheaply, and that washing would, for the most part, not have to be re- sorted to. Jt is also a fact that these ores have been and are now used for the production of charcoal] iron, and the total output of such iron from 1872 to the end of 1900 was 120,488 tons. Pardon me, but it is also the fact that this iron has an excellent reputation and buy- ers of charcoal iron are anxious to get it. And yet the industry languishes. Why it languishes is too long a story now. As this is not a discourse on the diseases of the iron business, we will forbear. In an instructive paper read before the American In- stitute of Mining Engineers, Virginia Beach meeting, 1894, Wm. Kennedy, an engineer resident in Texas and familiar with the East Texas iron ore belt, took occa- sion to say that the probable cost of the production of charcoal iron in East Texas was $12.01, which, in a post- script subsequently added, he reduced to $9.50. The tes- timony that was given before a Committee of Inquiry, Twenty-seventh Legislature of Texas, 1901, was to some extent confirmatory of this lower cost. Mr. Kennedy’s items of cost were as follows: Cost of Making a Ton of Charcoal Iron in Hast Tevas. Le AD IID fone Gos a's dip Gcéeee Ra cdiosd vied $2.05 110 bushels of charcoal, at 4 cents..................00. 4.40 Sheet Ge IN IE SELIID 6 eis wre. py b's 0.0 5 weed ho be cakes .75 ee en RLS Sy ares ck a Sai ee ee le Wi eo xa we 1.50 DE Se taken Sse Sean bans Vdd oe SUS bese ube ho smead es .30 | PECTS TE CTE P CT TT er reer .50 Ee ee ee ee ee ee er $9.50 I think that this would probably represent the low- est cost, and that the average cost would be nearer $11 than $9.50, under present conditions. It is only in East Texas that pig iron has been made, and the only ores that have come into use are the limonites of that region. The hematites and magnetites of Llano County, in Central Texas, 100 miles northwest of Austin, represent the best types of these ores. Some recent analyses of samples taken in person are as follows: Analyses of Llano County Magnetite.—O. H. Palm and 8. H. Worrell. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. a ey ee 66.33 64.40 64.40 ND «a eninince ives gia are a 6.52 6.54 Alumina ... 5 ara cc trace. trace. sk: ck -a8 5 rere > | none. none. AS Visdaeraas's . none. none. none, PRD s55 05cs isbuweees. cee trace. trace. a ee ee 0.032 0.048 0.045 These ores were fully discussed by Theodore B. Com- stock in the first and second annual reports of the Geo- logical Survey of Texas, 1889 and 1890, and there is but little to add to what was said then. Few or no other de- velopments have been made, and the matter stands now *A paper read before the Engineers’ Society of Western Pennsylvania. April 17, 1902 just where it did then, in so far as concerns our knowl- edge of the extent of the deposits. The average of five analyses of Llano County magnetites given by Dr. Com- stock is as follows: Average Composition of Llano County Magnetites.—Analyses by J. H. Herndon and L. Magnenat. Per cent. BNE a. ek gs Sab de kee whee gaea eae ie ea naa aaah Sete ee ee A Se a aie ina MIGMING, 2.060000 eee eT ee ey eT ree 5.74 SCOPE CE CETTE TT TOTES TTT TTT ee 0.57 EP reTer ere ree Tee eT trace. ee eer re SY Serr Tee ee eee Te ee a 0.092 PIE ss i556 SLATS Se RaR RAS DRA Dike eRe wees 0.064 With respect to phosphorus it must be said that of the five analyses quoted three showed a trace, one showed 0.02 per cent., and the other 1.02 per cent. Ex- cluding this last as abnormal, we would have a very small amount of phosphorus in these ores. And yet these analyses clearly indicate that, while ores extreme- ly low in phosphorus are to be found in this region, there is a possibility of their carrying more than the Besse- mer limit of this element. The ores would be subject to rigid inspection and analysis if sold as Bessemer ores. The average of six analyses of Llano County hema- tites, given by Dr. Comstock, is as follows: Average Composition of Llano County Hematities.—Analyses by J. H. Herndon and L. Magnenat. Per cent. NS CI. gsi ao pk a0 0 nena sib aces Oe a kee she cnlete tes 56.43 cc nv crnaedesenne's.a% ped Meee cane es meee was 5.59 PE PE es en i yyy ae 7.86 ID nS ik cid. bes BAe e Ona Os ease bps be ae ee eee 1.44 MOSMOGIA . o's coc tb'e vse ccnedncce gees bs 0 tas ORF wreps trace. PROMOTE. oo ie Soke no pg'd Vs cas cdwinse pons ses ae esse’ 0.55 Eo sick spe concedes ts ses tans bans ae S Rem 0.091 It is to be noted that in one of the samples there was 3.12 per cent. of phosphorus, corresponding to 7.16 per cent. of phosphoric acid. ‘This is a most unusual amount of phosphorus in ore of this character. On the other hand, two of the samples showed a trace of phosphorus. The alumina is high, one of the samples giving 17.11 per ecent., another 14.50 per cent., the average running to 7.86 per cent. There are other parts of the central mineral region that yield good magnetites and hematites, as the coun- ties of Gillespie, Mason, McCollough, &c. In Llano County considerable prospecting was car- ried on 10 or 12 years ago, at Bessemer, 9 miles east of the town of Llano, and at Iron Mountain, 15 miles north- west of Llano, on the magnetites of these localities. South of Iron Mountain a diamond drill hole was car- ried down to a depth of 600 feet, with the following re- ported section to 517 feet: Section of Bore Hole, South of Iron Mountain, Llano County. Feet. ED ages keane S Perkia wt Seedy Wak oe kale eae oe ewes 801 SE Bi 6k rchewardwal tes ciscesdWecsivacteaccuces 40 Ree ae ee ce ee ee ree 25 Te eG eer ere ee ee re 13 I <a crass ahr Peis ko Work wha We Seca Ale bi toe wicks bieta ace 8:8 27 ee PTT Te eRe Tee ee 36 Tee tee ee eee oe er re eae eee 7 ge nnd bee ee awe wae eee ee bee wale 13 NE et ais hes wie wets «meu metihe Meee hae ee ee 55 PR ib pn eerie side eater eheRewes le awk bees 517 An analysis of the ore from this property was made by Andrew McCreath, Harrisburg, Pa.,.with the follow- ing results: Analysis of Ore from Bader Mine, South of Iron Mountain, Llano County. Per cent. EE Ae Pe Se er ee a ee 64.15 NE? he Oa CW bre oe NG' Fee Ree ak wae bea ate Whole ol dik oe 7.28 I TN ca oes dae acaba waded at dob tee ee a es 0.38 PRONGMOEES: 20s veces. bs 8 a9 Ragin Se Aeoua Ne Shia 9 ein ais 0.014 Attractive as are some of the iron ores of this re- gion, from a chemical standpoint, it cannot be said that they have been sufficiently prospected to enable one to speak with confidence of their extent. In places they seem to be of commercial importance, and at one time it was hoped that they would be'mined. But the enter- prise fell through, and the machinery that had been in- stalled was removed. For several years nothing has been done. The Fuel Problem, Of late, however, there has been a revival of interest in these ores, as well as in those of East Texas. It was April 17, 1902 THE stated that, so far as known, there were no deposits of coking coal in Texas. This statement applies to such coal as is now mined and to the ordinary beehive coke oven. But it is well Known that some coals which do not yield good coke in a beehive oven do yield a fair coke in a recovery oven, such as the Solvay, the Hoff- man, the Carves, the Huessener, &c. We are no longer restricted to the use of the beehive oven, for the im- provements in the so-called recovery ovens now allow the use of an inferior coal for coking. I do not mean to say that the coke is as good as it would have been if better coal were used, but that it can be successfully used in the blast furnace. In other words, we can now make passably good coke from coal that would have been considered entirely unsuited for the purpose a few years ago. This fact has an important bearing on the utilization of the Llano County ores. A study of the map of Texas will show that the shortest route from the town of Llano to the producing coal fields, we will say to Strawn, in Palo Pinto County, is 347 miles. If coke were made in Palo Pinto, Erath, Eastland or Stephens, it would have to be hauled 350 miles to the ore, or the ore hauled 350 miles to the coke. But there will be built this vear a connection between the Houston & Texas Central Railway, at Burnet, to the Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fé Railway, at Lampasas, 30 miles, that will reduce this distance to 280 miles, a gain of 70 miles. Furthermore, it is not improbable that among the undeveloped coals of Stephens County, north of the Texas & Pacific Railway, at Bangor, there may be found some more suitable for coking than those already opened in that part of the carboniferous area. To open the Stephens County coal would require from 20 to 30 miles of road, so that we may say that the distance from the Llano ore fields to the coal fields, even after the completion of the Burnet-Lampasas branch, will be about 300 miles. It has been proposed to use the Llano County ores in furnaces already built, mixing them with the brown ores spoken of. The distance from Llano to the nearest blast furnace—viz., at Rusk—is 293 miles (the New Birmingham furnace is near Rusk), while to the furnace at Jefferson, Marion County, it is 370 miles. It is about the same distance from Llano to the nearest furnace as from Llano to the coal fields, and if Llano ore should be hauled to Rusk, New Birmingham or Jefferson it would have to be turned into charcoal iron, for the furnaces in East Texas are not built for coke iron. But it has also been proposed to bring Indian Terri- tory coke into the East Texas ore district. This would necessitate an all rail haul of 270 miles to Jefferson, and also to Rusk and New Birmingham. The East Texas ore fields are about 270 miles from South McAlester. So far as our present knowledge goes, we can say, there- fore, that the shortest haul between the Texas iron ore districts and coking coal is 270 miles. If coking coal should be discovered in the Texas carboniferous the haul to the Llano ore district would be 300 miles, and to the East Texas ore district about the same. The In- dian Territory coke would have an advantage of 30 miles as against Texas coke in the East Texas ore fields, but Texas coke—supposing, for the moment, that we had Texas coke—would have an advantage of 180 miles in the Llano ore district. Now, a 30-mile haul, in a total distance of nearly 300 miles, cuts but a sligh