The Iron Age 1901-05-02: Vol 67 Iss 18

os Ey +g WSF ee ow _IRON. _AGE © A Review of the Hardware, Iron, Machitenae i Oe “rades. Published every Thursday Morning by David Williams Co., 232-238 w. US § n St... New York. Vol. 67: No. 18 New York, Thursday, May 2, 1901. pre ay Rhee Be perme Reading Matter Contents page 53 Alphabetical index to Advertisers “‘ 195 Classified List of Advertisers . ‘* 197 Advertising and Subscription Rates “‘ 69 Dynamo at. “som Mo. DEMING New York. THE BRISTOL COMPANY, Waterbury, Conn. Bristol’s Recording Instruments. For Preseure Temperature and Electricity. Silver Medal, Paris Exposition. All Ranges, Low Prices, and Guar- anieed. Send for Cireulars, aie emashapcten geen SAMSON CORDAGE WORKS, Boston, Mass. TU ee oe Branch Mffice. 11 Broadway, aeveland City Forge and Iron Co.. A New U. M. €. .22 Short Smokeless Cartridge | AT A REDUCED PRICE. Little Noise. No burning grains of powder from 4 the rifle’s muzzle, | Comparatively Cheap. ACCURATE, SMOKELESS, CLEAN. ’ : Your Dealer has it or can get it for you. Send for Illustrated Folder Describing the New .22 Shert. 1 THE UNION METALLIC CARTRIDGE CO., 315 BROADWAY, N. Y. BRIDGEPORT, CONN. ; GAHALL | BOILERS sors is | ew York. - sg oO. TURN BUCH UES. MERRILL BROS., | 465 to 471 Kent Ave., | Brooklyn. E-D., N.Y. | <a Soft Coal. PILLING & CRANE, G.rard Butlding, I’hila. Lewis block, Pine St., New York ittsbure b APOLLO BEST BLOOM GALVANIZED IRON Apply the severest tests to Apollo galvanized iron. If not satisfactory, send it back to your dealer at his -xpense. We shall hear of it. American Sheet Steel Company Battery Park Building New York CAPEWELL HORSE NAILS. 4 NEW YORK, ig PHILADELPHIA, 8 | CHICAGO, | ST. LOUIS, = 2 BOSTON, y OF. CONAL | DETROIT, CINCINNATI, SAN FRANCISCO, PORTLAND, ORE., BUFFALO, BALTIMORE, NEW ORLEANS. THE CAPEWELL HORSE NAIL COMPANY, HARTFORD, CONN. BRANCHES: Jenkins Bros.’ Valves are manufactured of the best steam metal, and are fully teed. Why experiment with cheap valves? If you want the BEST ask your dealer for valves manufactured by Jenkins Brothers. Re- member all genuine are stamped with Trade Mark like cut. JENKINS BROTHERS, New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, Boston. ‘Brass Prices High, So Use BrightSwedoh” Stamp- se 18? | ing Steel. Easily Brass Plated and Save Money, page ; MAGNOLIA METAL. | Best Anti-Friction Metal for all Machinery Bearings. Pac-Simile of Bar. Beware of imitations. London, Chicago, Montréal, Pittsburgh, MAGNOLIA METAL (0. 266 and 267 West St. Manufacturers, THE ANSONIA Brass gp” COPPER Co. MANUFACTURERS OF BRASS AND COPPER Seamless Tubes, Sheete, Rods and Wire. Ingot Copper. 6OLE MANUFACTURERS Tobin Bronze (TRADE-WaRK REGISTERED.) Condenser, Plates, Pump Linings, Round, Square and Hexagon Bars, for Pump Piston Rods and Bolt Forgings. 989 John Street, he ee New York, CVV BAOB Randolph-Clowes Co., Main Office aad Mill, WATERBURY, CONN. MANUFACTURERS OF SHEET BRASS & COPPER. BRAZED BRASS & COPPER TUBES. SEAMLESS BRASS & COPPER TUBES TO 36 IN. DIAM. New York Office, 258 Broadway, Postal Tel- h Bidg., Room 202. Pp * Chicago Office, 602 Fisher Bld Boston Office, Cor. Oliver and buschene Sts. Established 1845. Sheet, Roll and Platers’ Brass, German Silver, Copper, Brass and Ger- man Silver Wire, Brass aud Copper Tubing. COPPER RIVETS AND BURS. TAPE MEASURES, METALLIC EYELETS, Brass Kettles, Brass Tags, Powder Flasks, Shot Pouches, &c., AND SMALL BRASS WARES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION Cartridge Metal in Sheets or Shells a Specialty. DEPOTS: 60 Centre St., New York. 125 Eddy St., Provi- dence, R.!. 38 Mechanic St., Newark, N. J. MILLS AT WATERBURY, CONN. Deoxidized Bronze Beat Acid-Resisting Metal in the United States. . . Send for Price. Bridgeport Deoxidized Bronze & Metal Co., BRIDGEPORT, CONN. Matthiessen & Hegeler Zinc Co., LA SALLE, ILLINOIS. SMELTERS OF SPELTER AND MANUFACTURERS OF SHEET ZINC AND Special Sizes of Zinc cut to order. SULPHURIC ACID. Rolled Battery Plates. Selected Plates for Etchers’ and Lithographers’ use. Selected Sheets for Paper and Card Makers’ use. Stove and Washboard Blanks. ZINCS FOR LECLANCHE BATTERY. BRASS Finsners J RYAN& CO. \— 7 — Sar ae nee — 1 ae Seo bebae! — Ei — 1a Oi ebla!-t-ce) Best Bronze, Babbitt Metals, Brass and Aluminum CAST!NsS On Short Notice No better counter made. R. A. HART, Guaranteed. BATTLE CREEK, MICH 4 Wheel, $3.00 5 Wheel, $3.25 Buy A SEAMLESS LINENOID FOR $25.00 AND Paddle Your Own Canoe. Crane Bros., Canoe Builders, Westfield, Mass. SEND FOR CATALOGUE. HENDRICKS BROTHERS PROPRIETURS OF THE Belleville Copper Rolling Mills, | MANUFACTURERS OF Brazsiers’ Bolt and Sheathing COPPER, COPrPrER WIRE AND RIVETS. Importers and Dealers in Ingot Copper, Block Tin, Spelter, Lead, Antimony, etc. 49 CLIFF ST-. NEW YORK. THE PLUME & ATWOOD ME. ot Sheet and Roll Brass —AND— WIRE PRINTERS’ BRASS, JEWELERS’ METAL, GERMAy SILVER AND GILDING METAL, COPPER Rivets AND BURRS. Pins, Brass Butt Hinges, Jack Chain, Kere. sene Burners, Lamps. Lamp Trimmings, &c. 29 MURRAY ST., NEW YORK. 144 HIGH ST., BOSTON. 199 LAKE ST., CHICAGO, ROLLING MILL : THOMASTON, CONN. FACTORIES : | WATERBURY, CONN. SCOVILL MFG. CO., Manufacturers of BRASS SHEET, WIRE, TUBES. Hinges, Buttons, Lamp Goods, Nipples, Pumps and Oilers for Bieyelés, Braziers’ Solder. FACTORIES, WATERBURY, CONN. DEPOTS: WEW YORK, CHICAGO, BOSTON. JOHN DAVOL & SONS, AGENTS FOR Brooklyn Brass & Copper Co., DEALERS IN COPPER, TIN, SPELTER, LEAD, ANTIMONY. 100 John Street, - New York. Arthur T. Rutter, SUCCESSOR TO WILLIAM S. FEARING, 256 Broadway, New York. Sheet Brass, German Silver, Cop- per, Brass and German Silver Wire, Brazed and Seamless Brass and Copper Tubes, Small Tubing a Specialty. Brass and Copper Rods, Brass Ferrules. Sheet and Ingot Copper; Spelter, Tin, Antimony, Lead, etc. THE BRIDGEPORT BRASS 60, BRIDGEPORT, CONN. 19 Murray St., New York, 85-87 Pearl St., Boston. 17 N. 7th St., Philadelphia. MANUFACTURERS OF Brass { SHEET ano = 4 TUBING Copper | WIRE. Lamp Geeds of all Kinds. BRASS AND COPPER GOODS In Great Varieties. pave oe Nhe WELCH MFC. CO, 08 SUDBURY STREET, BOSTON \ ihe 7 Sik ie to Std ‘THE JTRON AGE Tuurspay, May 2, 1901. The Hilles & Jones Punch and Coping Machine. The Hilles & Jones Company of Wilmington, Del., have designed a new punch and coping machine, as shown by the half-tone engraving. One special ad- vantage of this design of coping attachment, which has been patented, is that the I-beam or channel to be coped can be passed through the upper knife holders and coped on both ends without turning the beam end for end. It is also possible to notch out a section of the flanges at any point or for the whole length of the beam, if de- sired. The sliding head, upper and lower knife holders and many other parts are of cast steel, and the knives are reversible with four cutting edges. The sliding head is controlled by an automatic stop, and in this ma- chine power is transmitted from a direct connected electric motor through cut gearing. When desired the THE HILLES & JONES PUNCH coping attachments may be entirely removed and the punch blocks substituted, the punches being controlled by gags, so that either or both can be used at the same time, as required. The punches and dies are adjustable from 2% to 24 inches, center to center, the depth of throat of the machine being 22 inches to the center of the sliding head. The capacity of the machine is equal to punching two holes 1 1-16 inch in diameter through 1-inch material, and will handle all sections of I-beams -and channels from 6 to 24 inches. _ — The Plow Consolidation.—A consolidation of at least 20 of the leading plow manufacturers of the country was -agreed upon at a meeting of the manufacturers in Chi- -cago on April 22. It is expected that the combination will be completed in a few weeks and that the consoli- -dated company will be able to begin business September 1. The capitalization will probably be $50,000,000, but that has not yet been settled, nor has a name been selected. It is stated that the Moline Plow Company -alone, among the great plow makers, will refuse to enter the consolidation. In addition to plows, nearly all the companies interested make cultivators and harrows and a number make corn planters, seeders and other imple- ments. RS ne ee A New Engineering Field.—-A Chicago enterprise of novel character, but evidently practical, is now in suc- The Illinois Maintenance Company, Marquette Building, undertake for a certain consid- eration to operate and steam heating and electric lighting plants and electric, steam and hydraulic elevators, as well as inspect and repair electric motors in use anywhere in the city. They take the entire re- sponsibility and burden of the mechanical operation of a building off the owners’ hands, furnishing fuel, hiring engineers and firemen and keeping the plant in repair. They claim to be saving money for owners, and it is cessful operation. maintain AND COPING MACHINE, certainly reasonable to believe that experts can conduct the steam and electric plants of office and commercial buildings more economically than men who know nothing about such matters and are obliged to rely on those whom they employ. The project originated with Edwin F. Cheney, now vice-president. and general manager of the company, who is an.electrical engineer of experience and high standing. The company have secured a num- ber of contracts and find the plan meeting steadily with greater favor. They are adopting the policy of con- centrating in one plant the heating of several adjacent buildings when such are placed under their manage- ment. i a The annual report of Lud. Loewe & Co. of Berlin, the well-known makers of machine tools, shows that 691,- 994 marks were spent on further additions to equipment, practically completing the plant. Gross earnings amounted to 3,507,331 marks, as compared with 3,520,- 234 marks during the previous year. Out of the net earnings of 1,980,660 marks a dividend of 24 per cent. was paid, and 38,183 marks was carried forward. ne Seas, Sane ) { . THE The Allis-Chalmers Company. Another consolidation is about to be effected, through Vermilye & Co., bankers, of this city, the particulars of which are not yet fully made public, although they have been somewhat freely discussed during the past few days in engineering trade circles. The new merger is to be known as the Allis-Chalmers Company, and will include the following concerns: E. P. Allis & Co., Chi- cago; Fraser & Chalmers, Chicago; Gates Iron Works, Chicago, and the Dickson Mfg. Company, Scranton. The locomotive works of the last named concern are not in- cluded. The valuations of the properties to be com- bined, made by Julian Kennedy of Pittsburgh, are as follows: E. P. Allis Company... Fraser & Chalmers... Gates Iron Works..... Dickson Mfg. Company.. . $5,120,000 Me ; 3,205,000 as bleu ‘ 410,000 1,200,000 . $9,935,000 This valuation is declared by Mr. Kennedy to repre- sent land, buildings, machinery, tools, patterns, drawings, patents, &c., together with the cost of organizing and getting in full operation, but allowing nothing for good will. He reports that the shops are all running full, that their tools are comparatively new, and that all the works are in good condition and running smoothly. Confirming this favorable report, the E. P. Allis Com- pany say that their business for the fiscal year ended with March 31, 1901, amounted to about $5,400,000, and that owing to inadequate facilities they were compelled to refuse orders for work in which they have practically no competition for as much more. Fraser & Chalmers say that the amount of work turned out from their Chi- cago plant amounts to from $2,750,000 to $3,000,000 per annum, and that their profits for the 18 months ended with June 30, 1900, amounted to $476,029.36. At the present time they have orders on hand for work to the value of $1,400,000. They are of the opinion that if their facilities were increased they could do a very much greater business, and that this is assured for many years to come. The Dickson Mfg. Company make no statement of business or profits, and the Gates Iron Works say nothing for publication. The assets of the Allis-Chalmers Company will con- sist of the following items: i Se... ebb pene ens hee hkab ene ok $9,935,000 I ME, waste ais af eM Winds ew a 0 ace ee Oe ee we 10,000,000 i ee ee ee ree $19,935,000 Of the cash capital above provided for the sum of $2,500,000 is to be immediately expended in doubling the capacity of the present works of the BE. P. Allis Com- pany at Milwaukee. No other constructive work is mentioned as imminent. Capitalization, The organization of the Allis-Chalmers Company will be effected in New Jersey, with the following capitaliza- tion: Authorized. Issued. Peetereel Ghee. << ccccccscnsecvcuce $25,000,000 $16,250,000 ee eee eet 25,000,000 20,000,000 ES ii indivinctincanl $50,000,000 $36,250,000 Of the preferred stock, $8,400,000 will be offered for public subscription at not less than 105 and accrued divi- dends, at the rate of 7 per cent. per annum from May 1. The remainder of the preference issue, $7,850,000, is ac- cepted by the original companies “in lieu of cash, in part payment for their properties at an aggregate amount less than the total valuation above stated.” The preferred stock is made convertible into common stock, share for share, upon any first day of May until and in- cluding May 1, 1921, exclusive of any declared dividends. Profit Estimates. The general circular of the bankers handling this merger makes the following statements relative to pres- ent earnings and estimated profits: “The accounts of the several concerns have been ex- amined by chartered accountants, who certify that the TRON AGE. May 2, 1901 combined profits of these companies in each of the last two fiscal years, after making due allowance for depre- ciation and bad debts, but without charging interest and management salaries, exceeded the amount required to pay 7 per cent. dividends upon $16,250,000 preferred stock, while for the last fiscal year the profits, as above defined, considerably exceeded such amount. The net profits for the fiscal year ending May 1, 1902, are esti- mated by the officials of the respective companies, with- out any allowance for increase of manufacturing capac- ity or for the economies of consolidation or increase of prices, at sufficient to pay dividends at the rate of 7 per cent. on the preferred stock and about 4 per cent. on the common stock. Including the economies of consol- idation confidently anticipated, the net profits for the same period should exceed the amount needed to pay 7 per cent. on both classes of stock. “The same officials similarly estimate that upon the completion of the additional Allis works, now in process of construction, the profits will be equivalent to 8 per cent. on the preferred stock and 10 per cent. on the com- mon stock, with a material addition to the surplus ac- count. “It is proposed to commence the payment of regular dividends of 1% per cent. quarterly, upon the preferred stock on August 1, 1901.” Management, It is proposed to take over the business of the sev- eral companies as of April 1 inst., under the manage- ment of the present officers of the E. P. Allis Company and of Fraser & Chalmers. The Board of Directors will be constituted as follows: Edward D. Adams, New York; Charles Allis, Milwaukee; Mart T. Cox, Orange, N. J.; James H. Eckles, Chicago; Elbert H. Gary, New York; William A. Read, New York; James Stilman, New York; William W. Allis, Milwaukee; Frank G. Bigelow, Mil- waukee; W. J. Chalmers, Chicago; Wm. L. Elkins, Phil- adelphia; Henry W. Hoyt, Chicago; Max Pam, Chicago: Edwin Reynolds, Milwaukee; Cornelius Vanderbilt, New York. The Organization Syndicate, For the purpose of underwriting the scheme and guaranteeing the amount necessary to carry out the con- tracts for the purchase of the properties, the provision of working capital and the cash fund for the extension of the E. P. Allis Company’s plant, a syndicate will be formed with a cash subscription of $11,900,000, to pur- chase $8,400,000 of preferred and $13,000,000 of common stock. The syndicate will be under the control of Ver- milye & Co., and will continue until November 1, 1902, unless sooner dissolved by them. The announcement contains the following significant statement: ‘‘ No public issue of common stock will be made. For their services in publicly issuing the preferred stock and marketing the common stock, the managers are to receive one-fifth the net profits on sales made.” This is not. quite self explanatory. However, it is probably not intended to be. Officers. The officers announced for the first year are: Chairman Board of Directors, William W. Allis. President, Charles Allis. Chairman Executive Committee, W. J. Chalmers. Chairman Finance Committee, Wm. A. Read. Treasurer, W. J. Chalmers. yeneral counsel, Max Pam. Chief engineer, Edwin Reynolds. The secretary and assistant treasurer and the comp- troller are to be designated by the bankers in control of the syndicate. i, >_> The War Department is arranging for an early test of the 18-inch Gathmann torpedo gun in comparison with an army 12-inch service rifle. Each of the weapons will be tried against similar targets, representing the side construction of the latest type of battle ship, and con- sisting of a Kruppized armor plate, 12 inches thick and & x 16 feet in size. Congress appropriated $55,000 for the expenses of the test. Mayf2, 1901 The Oliver Universal Saw Bench. The American Machinery Company, Grand Rapids, Mich., have brought out the universal saw bench, here illustrated. It is specially designed for the use of pattern makers and others who need a device enabling them to saw by power at any angle. The top is 36 x 44 inches, divided in two sections, a sliding table 16 inches wide and the stationary part 20 inches wide, with a further extension of 8 inches to facilitate the use of the guide or fence over the entire width of the table. The whole top may be tilted and operated in all its detail at any angle between the square, 90 degrees, and the miter, 45 degrees, by simply turning a hand wheel which operates a carefully adjusted worm and worm wheel, and is securely held in any position without either tight- ening or loosening any bolts or nuts. Perfect alignment can always be maintained to compensate for wear of the arbor bearings. A dial, which is easily read while work- THE IRON AGE. 3 left hand to a miter (viz., 45 degrees, and its complement, or 225 degrees). An auxiliary gauge may be attached to the fence upon which slides a stop, regulating the length where several pieces are required. The splitting fence takes up to 17 inches wide, ad- justs from square to miter parallel with the saw, or cam be set and firmly secured at any angle not in line with the saw on either the sliding table or stationary portion of the top, by simply using one of its two plugs as a center pin. This permits the use of the periphery of the saw to cut semicircular core boxes of any size. This fence is also provided with an attachment which may be secured to its face to facilitate the handling of short pieces; with it in use the work does not have to be pusheé clear and beyond the saw. The base or frame is massive, 30 x 40 inches on the floor, very heavily ribbed with brackets, and bosses all cast on solid. The arbor yoke hole is 6% inches diameter, and the side bearings 3 inches wide. The yoke carrying the two saw arbors is cast together THE OLIVER ing the tilting device, indicates the exact degree of pitch attained. The sliding. table moves on roller bearings, giving an easy movement free from friction, is accurate- ly graduated, and either the cut off, or miter gauge, or splitting fence can be located, by means of a taper plug, instantly on all the prominent angles, such as triangle, miter, hexagon, octagon, or square, on both acute and obtuse angles (viz., inside and outside angles from 30 to 135 degrees). The table is graduated in duplicate, one series of graduations for small work near its center and another series at the extreme end for larger work. The throat between the tables can be adjusted from the thickness of the saw up to 2 inches. This is ar- ranged by a suitable mechanism and can be securely locked in position. This permits the use of cutter heads, &c. The semicircular rockers which connect the top to the base are 9 inches in diameter, suitably tongued and grooved together, iron to iron, and having a large amount of bearing surface. It is furnished with two guides or fences—miter cut off and splitting fence—up to 36 inches wide, can be set to cut any degree between 30 and 135 degrees, and with its extension it cuts both right and UNIVERSAL SAW BENCH. with the large worm wheel in one piece. The end pass- ing through the yoke hole in the base is fitted and threaded on its outer end and held so that it may be re- volved by the hand wheel. The necessary friction is regulated and maintained by the large threaded cap which draws all the parts together and locks when the desired amount of friction is obtained. The opposite end of the yoke is provided with a steady plug, which may be removed when saws larger than 14 inches diam- eter are used. The saw arbors are of crucible spindle steel, 1 3-16 inches in diameter. One arbor is extra long between collars to admit dado heads or other cutters. The bearings are exceptionally long; capillary attraction supplies oil from oil wells cast in the arbor yoke. An idler jack is a necessity when the machine is te be belted from the same floor upon which it stands. It is inclosed in the frame and by its own weight ad- justs the tension on the belt. The idler pulleys, 6 x 6 inches, are bushed with bronze, and both pulleys and bushing may revolve around shaft, or the pulley revolve around the bushing at will. The hight of the machine is 36 inches from floor and its weight is 1800 pounds. Sitmores meee ee The Coke Industry in the United States. The Census Report by E. W. Parker. WasuinctTon, D. C., April 30, 1901.—The Census Office is about to issue its report upon the industry of coke manufacture, which will possess a special interest in that it is the first bulletin of the twelfth census of in- terest to the iron and steel trade to make its appearance. It has been compiled by E. W. Parker of the United States Geological Survey and an advance summary is herewith presented through the courtesy of S. N. D. North, chief statistician. In submitting the report to the Director of the Census Mr. North says: “The manufacture of coke is a comparatively new industry in the United States. While coke was used to some extent for refining iron as early as 1817 its use in any considerable quantities in blast furnaces did not begin until about 1840. Coke does not appear, however, in the census returns of manufactures until 1850, the very small amount returned for that year being all eredited to the State of Pennsylvania. Prior to that eensus, coke was probably returned as coal. The value of the coke produced was returned as $15,250 in 1850, $189,844 in 1860, $1,132,386 in 1870, $5,359,489 in 1880, $16,498,345 in 1889, including by-products to the value of $3891, and the value of the product in 1899 is shown by this bulletin to have been $35,585,445, including by- products amounting to $952,027 in value. This» value is limited to the product obtained from the distillation or combustion of bituminous coal in retorts, ovens or pits and does not include the ordinary gas house coke ob- tained as a by-product in the manufacture of illuminat- ing gas from coal. The quantity of coke obtained by the laiter process is decreasing every year, owing to the increasing use of electricity for lighting purposes and of water gas for coal gas. “The extraordinary development of the coke manu- facture as an industry is shown by the statistics above given. This development is in keeping with the growth of the iron manufacture, in the metallurgy of which few bituminous coals can be used without having first been ecoked. At the census of 1880 77.3 per cent. of the coke manufactured in the census year was consumed in blast furnaces, and at the census of 1890 this percentage had increased to 92.3. The percentage so consumed in 1899 will appear in the report on the iron manufacture.” Mr. Parker’s report is in part as follows: “Since the taking of the eleventh census there has been a development of coke manufacture in this coun- try for which no comparison can be made with previous eensuses. This is the introduction of the retort or by- product coke oven, whereby the volatile constituents of the coal, other than gases consumed in the distillation process, are recovered. These constituents are wasted in ordinary beehive ovens. Three classes of by-product evens—the Semet-Solvay, the Otto-Hoffman and the Newton-Chambers—are now in successful operation in the United States. The first and second are retort ovens, the coal being distilled in a chamber heated from flues in which the gas obtained from the coal is burned. The process of coking is a distillation, rather than a combus- tion of the coal. The Newton-Chambers are beehive evens with apparatus for recovering the tar and am- monia contents of the coal, but consuming the gas dur- ing the process. In some instances these by-product evens make gases their primary product and coke their secondary product, but even then the coke produced is suitable for metallurgical purposes, and as no exact separation of the metallurgical and domestic coke is pos- sible the production from all the by-product coke ovens is considered in this report. The first ovens of the by- product class to be constructed in the United States were built at Syracuse, N. Y. They were completed in 1898, and produced in that year 12,850 short tons of metallurgical coke. At the close of 1899 the number of by-product ovens in existence in the United States was 1020, and the amount of coke produced by them amounted to 906,534 short tons. THE IRON AGE. May 2, 1901 The Product, “ The total product of coke in 1599 from all the ovens included in this report amounted to 19,640,798 short tons, valued at $34,633,418, as compared with an output of 10,008,475 short tons, valued at $5,359,489, in 1880. The output in 1899 increased 9,632,629 tons, or 96.2 per cent., over that of 1889 and was more than seven times that of 1880. The value of the coke produced in 1899, as com- pared with that of 1889, shows an increase of 110 per cent., and, as compared with 1880, an increase of 546.2 per cent. The average price per ton obtained in 1899 was 11 cents (or 6.7 per cent.) higher than that obtained ten years before, but 19 cents (or 10.8 per cent.) less than that obtained in 1880. The increase in the productive capacity of the ovens now in use, as compared with thosein the earlier censuses, is shown in the fact that the average yield of coke per oven in 1899 was 417 short tons, while in 1889 it was 306 tons and in 1880 283 tons. While the produc- tion has increased 96.2 per cent., the number of active ovens has increased only 44.3 per cent. The Yield. “There fias been an increase in the percentage yield of the coal in coke. This has been partly due to the in- troduction of the by-product ovens, which yield a larger percentage of coke than the ordinary beehive ovens, partly to improved practice in manipulation of the bee- hive ovens and partly to the preparation of the coal it- self, by washing or otherwise, before being charged into the ovens. In 1889 the amount of coal washed, as shown by the eleventh census, before being charged into the coke ovens was 968,329 short tons, whereas in 1899 the total amount of coal washed was 4,276,517 short tons. “The present tendency toward large industries under one management is illustrated in the statistics of coke production in 189$. The total number of tons of coke produced has increased 96.2 per cent., and the value of all products has increased 115.7 per cent., while the num- ber of active establishments reporting for 1899 was only 23, or 10.6 per ceni., more than the number reporting for 1889. The amount of capital invested in the industry in 1899 was $36,502,679, as compared with $17,462,729 in 1889, and $4,764,858 in 1880. The increase of capital in 1899 over 1889 was $19,039,950, or 109 per cent. As com- pared with 1880 the capital invested in 1899 increased 665.3 per cent. The total amount paid in salaries and wages increased from $4,186,264 in 1889 to $7,883,032 in 1899, or 88.3 per cent. The value of the coal tar, am- monia and surplus gas obtained as by-products in retort or by-product ovens in 1899 amounted to $952,027, and the total value of all products for that year to $35,585,- 445. “The coking industry is usually carried on in direct connection with coal mining; in some instance the entire product of the mines, with the exception of coal used at the works or copsumed by employees, is charged into ovens. In the preparation of this report the mining of the coal used for coke has been considered as a separate industry and has not been included. Its value includes the cost of mining, but this is not stated in the wages or ether expenses connected with the coking operations. In a few cases the coal is transported to a distant point and there made into coke, one instance being in Wisconsin, where the coke is made from coal mined in the Connells- ville region of -Pennsylvania. “In cases where all the coal mined is charged into the ovens the value assigned to it is based either upon the average selling value of coal in the same district, or upon the cost of production plus a percentage of profit on the mining operations. Where coke is produced by proprietors of blast furnaces, &c., for consumption in their own furnaces, none being sold, the value assigned to it is based upon the average for the vicinity or upon the cost of production plus a percentage of profit on the coking operations. The Ovens, “ The following figures give the total number of ovens by States: Alabama, 5206; Colorado, 1221; Georgia, 350,- Indiana, 12; Indian Territory, 130; Kansas, 86; Kentucky, 290; Massachusetts, 400; Missouti, 12; Montana, 203; ,~h Mark waea & May 2, 1901 New Mexico, 114; New York, 25; Ohio, 235; Pennsyl- vania, 26,920; Tennessee, 1727; Utah, 104; Virginia, 1588; Washington, 90; West Virginia, 8231; Wisconsin, 120; Wyoming, 781. “The total number of ovens has increased in Ala- bama from 3693 in 1889 to 5206 in 1899, and in Pennsyl- vania from 21,404 in 1889 to 26,920 in 1899. The average humber of ovens to an establishment in Alabama in 1889 was 194; in 1899 it was 347, or nearly double the number in i889. In Pennsylvania the average of ovens to an establishment in 1889 was 218, and in 1899 it was 302. For the entire United States the average number of ovens to an establishment increased from 150 in 1889 to 196 in 1899. “By far the greater portion of the coke manufac- tured in the United States is made in the ordinary bee- hive ovens, of which there were 45,680 out of a total of 47,142 active ovens reported for 1899; and 32,129 out of a total of 32,659 reported for 1889. In 1880 and 1889, coke was reported as made in pits or mounds, these being used principally for experimental purposes. In later years, however, it has been considered better practice to have the coal shipped, in some cases long distances, to points where the experiments can be made in either beehive or by-product ovens, in order that better in- formation may be secured as to the oven most suitable for the manufacture of coke from that particular coal. For this reason we find that no pits or mounds are re- ported for 1899. The Belgian or flue ovens, reported sep- arately in 1880 and 1889, are included among ‘other styles’ in 1899. No by-product ovens were in use ten years ago, whereas 1020 ovens of this type were operated in 1899 and produced 906,534 tons of coke. Consumption of Coal, “The following figures show the total consumption of conl in the manufacture of coke in the United States by States: Alabama, 3,028,472 short tons; Colorado, 817,- 725 tons; Kansas, 26,988 tons; Kentucky, 151,503 tons; Missouri, 5320 tons; Ohio, 142,678 tons; Pennsylvania, 19,490,030 tons; Tennessee, 684,821 tons; Virginia, 994,- 635 tons: West Virginia, 3,792,825 tons; all other States and Territories, 1,022,832 tons; the United States, 30,- 157,829 tons, valued at $18,355,252. “The principal item of expense in the manufacture of coke is the cost of the coal charged into the ovens, this being the only raw material used. The value of the coal consumed is its value at the ovens, whether mined in the immediate vicinity or transported from a distance. The coal, which is crushed or washed before coking, is taken at its value after being prepared. The amount of coal used has increased 90.9 per cent., whereas its value has increased only 65.2 per cent. in the last decade. This difference has been due in great part to improve- ments in mining machinery and methods and in under- ground haulage, which have decreased the cost of pro- duction. “ Of the coal used in the manufacture of coke in the United States during 1899, 74 per cent. was run of mine and 93.5 per cent. of this mine run was unwashed. Prac- tically all the coal used in the Connellsville region of Pennsylvania (52.9 per cent. of the entire coke product of the United States) is unwashed run of mine, the coal be- ing charged directly from the mine without preparation into the ovens. Of the total amount of coal used in 1899 26 per cent. was slack, and of the slack coal used 35.9 per cent. was washed. There -has been a notable in- crease in the amount of slack coal washed before cok- ing. The amount of unwashed slack coal used in 1899 was 57.6 per cent. more than that used in 1889, whereas the amount of washed slack used in 1899 was over five times as much as that used ten years before, or an in- crease of 415 per cent. “The product of coke by States was as follows: Penn- sylvania, 13,245,594 tons; West Virginia, 2,278,679; Ala- bama, 1,787,809; Virginia, 618,707; Colorado, 503,543; Tennessee, 380,525; Massachusetts, 330,770; Ohio, 83,- 878; Kentucky, 81,095; Montana, 56,376; Georgia, 50,- 907; New Mexico, 44,134; Wisconsin, 33,437; Washington, 30,372; New York, 28,416; Utah, 26,881; Indian Territory, THE IRON AGE, 5 24,339; Wyoming, 15,630; Kansas, 14,476; Missouri, 2860; Indiana, 2105; Illinois, 265; the United States, 19,640,- 798.” W. L. C. Sai anteater eae ot The Cuban Tariff. WASHINGTON, D. C., April 30, 1901.—The Insular Division of the War Department is advised that the Cuban Tariff Commission closed its public hearings on the 20th inst., and has decided to receive no more repre- sentations, either written or oral, concerning changes in the present tariff. It is anticipated that the commission will not occupy more than 30 days in the consideration of the schedules, and that the tentative revision will reach the Department before June 1. In that event a special effort will be made to promulgate the new schedules on June 1, so that after a month’s notice they may take effect with the beginning of the new fiscal year. Sugar Machinery. Very few changes have been suggested to the War Department, but a number of important recommenda- tions have been forwarded by manufacturers and ex- porters direct to the commission in Havana. The Span- ish importers in the island are paying very little atten- tion to the subject, and the burden of the work of secur- ing changes has fallen upon the American producer and shipper. The attention of the Tariff Commission has been drawn to a number of recommendations that have been made from time to time with regard to changes in the iron and steel schedule, and these will be con- sidered collectively, with a view to making this sche- dule as consistent as possible without unduly reducing the amount of revenue to be derived. The sugar inter- ests in Cuba are very anxious that sugar making ma- chinery shall be placed on the free list, and representa- tions to this effect have been made from time to time since the island first came into the control of the United States. The present duty, however, is only 10 per cent. ad valorem, and is regarded as a necessary factor in the general financial scheme of the tariff. This rate of duty is also defended on the ground that all so-called agri- cultural implements are now on the free list, where it is proposed to leave them. The fact that a great deal of American capital is being invested in sugar lands in the island indicates that there will probably be much pressure to put sugar making machinery on the free list, but the War Department announces that the revenue producing power of the tariff will be the first consideration. Structural Steel, A reduction in the rates on structural iron and steel is greatly desired, especially by the sugar interests, as all modern plants are being built of iron and steel to pre- vent destruction by fire, and because of the economy secured in the long run. The present rate on structural iron and steel is $18 per metric ton, and upon corrugated iron and steel $13 per metric ton. It is claimed that these rates are so high as to make it impossible for planters of moderate means to put up iron or steel build- ings, as the cost, f.o.b. New York, ranges from $20,000 to $100,000 each. : Cast Iron Pipe. Several efforts have been made during the occupation of the island by the United States to secure a substantial reduction in the duty on cast iron pipe, which is very necessary to the rehabilitation of the industries of the island, to public and private sanitation, &c. When the present tariff took effect, the value of cast iron pipe was said to be about $15 to $17 per ton of 2240 pounds. The duty is $5 per ton, which is claimed to be too high an ad valorem on such an article. The point is also made that the difference in the duty between pig iron and cast iron pipe is $4 per ton, which, it is said, is a much larger proportion of the cost of making pipe than the difference of wages and materials in the United States and Cuba. Several American producers of pig iron have sought to have it admitted free of duty into both Cuba and Porto Rico on the ground that cheap pig iron is important to the development of those islands. ee ee enna : ° ot aa Beg abe te ee a 7 2 ie eee SRO et eS ee we ee Wire Products, A material reduction is desired in the present rates on wire, which range from $10 to $16 per metric ton. The American Steel & Wire Company have been active in this movement and insist that barb wire, woven fence, fence staples, all kinds of iron and steel plain wire, wire nails, wire rods, chains, teaks, rivets, &c., should be admitted into Cuba at the lowest possible rates of duty. Such articles as fencing wire are claimed to be absolute necessities to all planters and farmers, and hence the duties should be very light. Cuban Iron Ore, The suggestion has been made by a variety of inter- ests that Cuban iron ores should be admitted into the United States free of duty; but this is a subject which cannot be treated by the Tariff Commission. It has been informally considered by War Department officials in connection with the representations that have been made by the Cuban commissioners, who have visited THE IRON AGE. May 2, 1901 can be maintained. At present, therefore, the only way that a reduction in the tariff on Cuban ores could be secured would be through the amendment of the Ding- ley act, which would have to apply to the products of all countries. The institution of a civil government in the island and the withdrawal of the American authorities would make possible the negotiation of any desired convention, and much interest therefore attaches to the outlook for the acceptance of the so-called Platt amendment by the Cuban constitutional convention. It is believed that the visit of the Cuban commissioners has greatly improved the outlook for the ultimate ac- ceptance of the conditions imposed by Congress, although it is probable that American control will not be sur- rendered until after the meeting of Congress. W. L. ©. The Jeanesville Mine Pumping Engine. The compound condensing duplex mine pump built by the Jeanesville Iron Works Company of Jeanesville, THE JEANESVILLE MINE PUMPING ENGINE. Washington during the past week and who have urged the Administration authorities to recommend to Congress such legislation as will enable Cuban sugar, tobacco and iron ore to be imported at materially reduced rates. Of course it will be impossible to make a tariff discrimina- tion In favor of Cuba by direct legislation, but the com- missioners hope to secure the end in view either by re- ductions in the general tariff or by the negotiation of a reciprocity arrangement. Up to the time of the breaking out of the Spanish war, the Santiago iron ore mines in 14 years had produced 3,443,444 tons, the larger part of which was shipped to the United States, paying in the aggregate more than $2,000,000 in import duties. The mines are said to represent an Investment of American capital amounting to about $8,000,000. A reciprocity convention providing for the free entry of Cuban ores into the United States in exchange for lower duties on certain American exports to Cuba might have considera- ble strength, but if coupled with reduced rates on Cuban tobacco and sugar would encounter very strong opposi- tion from American agricultural interests. The question of the form of government to be en- joyed by the island of Cuba in the near future is an important one which has a direct bearing upon the negotiation of reciprocal trade agreements, for the rea- son that under the terms of the treaty of Paris, as long as the island is under the control of the United States no tariff rates discriminating in favor of this country Pa., is capable of a duty of from 70,000,000 to 75,000,000. Both the high and low pressure cylinders are cast on end of hard close grained iron, with extra thickness for reboring. They are arranged in tandem with the high pressure inboard and connected by heavy circular cradles. The low pressure cylinders are supported by bed plates which tie the two sides of the pump together, and the high pressure cylinders with adjustable columns resting on sole plates. The high pressure cylinders are fitted with cushion valves, Fig. 4, which permit the oper- ator to adjust and control the stroke. The low pressure cylinders and their heads are fitted with a jacket. Live steam is circulated through this jacket and serves to maintain a better steam condition therein, by preventing condensation. The jacketing is of great benefit when the pump Is operated at slow speed, but as the work in- creases the saving is somewhat reduced. Both the high and low pressure cylinders are fitted with Corliss valves. The engine is supplied with three throttle valves, one supplementary to each high pressure cylinder and one main valve to the inlet. This admits of controlling inde- pendently the working of each side of the engine. Each cylinder is fitted with a hollow cored and faced piston with cast iron packing rings sprung in. A connection and valve are provided for admitting live steam into the low pressure cylinders when desired. A valve and con- nection are also furnished to equalize the exhaust from the high pressure cylinders to produce full stroke, when May 2, 1901 it is desired to run the pump at a very slow speed. For convenience in operation there is located on the high pressure cylinders a substantial cast iron gauge board, which serves the purpose of holding the steam, vacuum free exhousl = .—- | THE IRON AGE. 7 dition of the various speeds, the links are made adjust- able so that the operator can change the valve travel when the engine is in motion. The rocker shafts are steel and work upon long babbitted half boxes, and the arms are keyed to the shaft and connected to the plunger crossheads by links. The high pressure cylinders can be fitted with an adjustable cut off, whereby the steam may be cut off at any desired point up to half stroke. There are four separate water cylinders with inside ends cast solid, made male and female without center flanges. Each cylinder contains the long packing box, suction chamber flange on the side and discharge cham- ber flanges on top. There are eight suction and eight discharge chambers, Fig. 2, on the large pumps, which contain the working valves. The valve proper is fitted with a bevel renewable seat, and works upon a bronse seating. There are wings set upon the working valve, which are set at an angle, so that every beat is turned to a new seat. The water passages are very direct and large, and the working area through the valve is approxi- mately from 50 to 75 per cent. of the plunger area, de- Fig. 4.—Section Oylinder. THE JEANESVILLE MINE PUMPING ENGINE. and water gauges, and also hand wheels which operate the several valves connected with the engine. The eteam valves are operated by the regulation duplex movement, in which the working plunger on one side @perates the controlling valve on the other side of the engine. In order to adjust these valves to meet the con- pending upon the speed at which the pump isrun. The four plungers are connected in pairs, trombone style, by cold rolled parallel rods. All the plungers are supported ou the outboard end by adjustable slippers fitted to the plunger cross head and running in double guides form- ing a drip pan between the guides and catching the drip SE ee NRO OS Aaa NIE EO TEE ATE Rt or eee ce ao ee cern e mene “2 a : E> eer from the plungers. There is a distance block on the front plungers permitting their removal without taking out the piston rod. At the dead end of the side suction pipe is placed a large vacuum chamber, which compen- sates for the irregularity of the pump action. The steam inlet is provided with a separator which requires no trap, and in case of a flood of water it has such large open- ing and acts so quickly that none reaches the working cylinder. The condenser is an important accession to a pump of this type. In mine use, where the hot water from the condenser cannot be returned to the boilers, it follows that all the live steam used for a condensing ap- paratus is lost. To this end a special induction exhaust condenser is used. This is directly connected to the ex- haust of the main pump, Fig. 3, and is placed as near the water in the sump is possible. The condenser is first primed either by water from the column or live steam, but when once started the energy in the exhaust steam alone is sufficient to maintain the full vacuum. The steam coming in contact with the cold water is con- densed, and forms a vacuum which gives a high velocity of discharge, thereby making the vacuum continuous. The entire steam end of the pump is covered with a non- conducting material held in position by iron lagging. <i Petroleum Refining Statistics. S. N. D. North, chief statistician for manufactures in the eleventh census, has issued a report on the industry of petroleum refining, prepared under his direction by Edward W. Parker of the United States Geological Sur- vey and expert in the division of manufactures of the Census Office. The period covered by the report is the calendar year 1899. The statistics presented embrace the operations of every establishment in the United States engaged in refining crude petroleum. Establish- ments which purchase refined or partly refined oils and mix or compound them with vegetable, animal or other mineral oils for special purposes are not considered. The statistics of petroleum refining at the present census show that while the value of the product has in- creased 45.8 per cent. over that of 1899, there has been a decrease in the number of establishments and the num- ber of refineries. The reduction in the number of estab- lishments has been due partly to consolidation of inde- pendent concerns under one management and partly to the abandonment and dismantling of a few compara- tively small establishments, both being the natural re- sult of the present tendency in industrial conditions. The principal features of the statistics of petroleum refining in 1899 and 1889 are summarized in the follow- ing table: Items— 1899. 1889. Number of establishments......... *67 794 EE nea ane us kbde te ube me nade $95,327,892 $77,416,296 Di. Gttitinnhin sees ndneeteon® 8,166,032 7,886,668 a ee ee 6,502,182 6,403,994 Machinery, tools and implements. 39,565,389 20,837,038 Es Gah cive bas wa nS 6 Was. 6% 41,094,289 42,288,596 Average number wage earners...... 12,199 11,403 EE EL $6,717,087 $5,872,467 Miscellaneous expenses............ 3,330,851 2,069,268 pg ee re 102,859,341 67,918,723 ee 123,929,384 85,001,198 * Exclusive of two idle establishments with aggregate capital amounting to $90,000. t Exclusive of seven idle establishments with aggregate cap- ital amounting to $423,508. The aggregate capital shows an increase in 1899 over 1889 of $17,911,596, or 23.1 per cent. The noteworthy increase is jn the capital invested in machinery, tools and implements, this portion of the capital showing an in- crease of $18,728,351. The average capital per establish- ment in 1880 was $317,741; in 1889 it was $823,578 and in 1899 it was $1,422,804, a rise illustrating clearly the effect of the consolidations which have taken place during the last decade. These figures represent not the capital stock of the corporations engaged in the industry, but the value of the plants together with the live or work- ing capital. It is interesting to note that while the total capital in 1899 shows an increase of 23.1 per cent. over 1899, and the value of the products an increase of 45.8 per cent., THE IRON AGE. 7 May 2, 1901 the cost of materials increased 51.4 per cent. The prices of crude petroleum in 1899 were higher than in 1889, while the values of refined produ