The Iron Age 1899-07-13: Vol 64 Iss 2

ai THE A Review of 405% IRON “AGE the Hardware, Iron and Metal Trades. Published every Thursday Morning by David Williams Co., 232-238 William S8t., New York. Vol. LXIV: No. 2. New Reading Matter Contents... ..... page 44 Classified List of Advertisers... .. = 160 Alphabetical Index to Advertisers ‘ 120 Advertising and Subscription Rates ‘' 51 Od ao wurysey OW say »00 § T uemosqiiugs j Postage. York, oun July 13, 1899. THE THREE REQUISITES OF A PERFECT GUN, SDvnamo St. hanes Mo. <DELTING: New York. TUDOR IRON 1 WORKS, ST. LOuUIS, Mo. MANUFACTURERS BAR IRON“ STEEL, THE BRISTOL COMPANY, Waterbury, Conn. _Bristol’s Recording Instruments, For Pressure, Temperature and Electricity. All Ranges, Low Prices and Guar- anteed. Send for Circulars, Also Massachusetts and Phenix Brands of Sash Curd. SAMSON CORDAGE WORKS, - Boston, Mass, TURN BUCKLES. BRANCH OFFICE: 11 Broadway, New York. Cleveland City Forge and Iron Co., - Cleveland, O. TURN BUCKLES. Merrill Bros., 465 to 471 Kent Ave. Brooklyn, E. D., N. Y. BASIC Pic. PILLING & CRANE, fei’ stock, Bittsvargs We'd like to have buyers for all the galvanized iron we make, and keep nobody waiting. If anybody waits, it isn’t the regular buyer. Apollo Iron and Steel Company, Pittsburgh. \Balance, Even Pattern » Penetration, Can only be obtained after years of experience. The Remington Hammerless is backed by nearly a century’s experience, and the success that rewards the man who shootsa Remington proves that our efforts have not been in vain. SEND FOR CATALOGUE REMINGTON ARMS CO., 315 Broadway, New York. > GAHALL BOILERS » % « CAPEWELL HORSE NAILS. NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA, CHICAGO, ST. LOUIS, BOSTON, DETROIT, CINCINNATI, SAN FRANCISCO, PORTLAND, ORE., BUFFALO, BALTIMORE, NEW ORLEANS. THE CAPEWELL HORSE NAIL GOLIPANY, HARTFORD, CONN. WE CLAIM THE FOLLOWING MERITS FOR JENKINS BROS, VALVES. 1. Manufactured of the best Steam Metal. 2. No regrindiug, therefore not constantly wearing out the Seat of the Valves. 3. Contain JENKINS DISC, which is suitable for all Pressures of Steam, Oil, and : Ilion, N. Y. BRANCHES: Acids, . The Easiest Repaired, and all parts Interchangeable. Every Valve Tested before leaving the factory. ‘> a 6. ALL GENUINE stamped with Trade Mark. JENKINS BROTHERS, New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, Boston. Brass Prices High, So Use Bright “Swedoh” Stamp- sep 105 ing Steel Easily Brass Plated and Save Money. MAGNOLIA METAL Best Anti-Friction Metal for all Machinery Bearings. Beware of Imitations. Genuine Magnolia Metal is made up in bars of which this is a fac-simile ; The name and trade- mark ap on each box and bar, and the words anufactured in United States” and “ Patented June 3, 90,” are stamped on the un- der side of each bar. MAGNOLIA METAL CO., (Stxucracturer,) 266. & 267 WEST ST., NEW YORK, Sate cuuiiag a ae ee gare nn o wn - + 5 ll ATES ITI! THE _IRON AGE MANUFACTURERS OF BRASS AND COPPER Seamless Tubes, Sheets, Rods and Wire. ingot Copper. SOLE MANUFACTURERS Tobin Bronze (TRADE-MARK REGISTERED.) Condenser Plates, Pump Linings, Round, Square and Hexagon Bars, for Pump Piston Rods and Bolt Forgings. 99 John Street, - - pn ERBURY CONN, — MANUFACTURERS OF= . y K GEETIBRA si COPPER. > .BRAZED BRASS & COPPER TUBES. SEAMLESS BRASS & COPPER TUBES”38"DIAM . AN DEPOT. 226 La 4 gest “CHICAGO, ILL. NE sr YORK, ROOM 202, POSTAL TEL EGRAPH BLOG, 253 BROADWAY ays LPHIA, ROOM 320 PHILA BANK BLDG Fe NNAT 0. ROOM 3¢ 08 WEAN — 81406 New York. Waterbury Brass Co. Established 1845. Sheet, Roll and Platers’ Brass, German Silver, Copper, Brass ane Ger- man Silver ire, Brass and Copper Tubing. COPPER RIVETS AND BURS. PERCUSSION CAPS, TAPE MEASURES, METALLIC EYELETS, Brass Kettles, Brass Tags, Powder Flasks, Shot Pouches, &c., AND SMALL BRASS WARES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. HICK’S PRIMERS, BERDAN PRIMERS. Cartridge Metal in Sheets or Shells a Specialty. DEPOTS: 60 Centre St., New York. 126 Eddy St., Provi- dence, R. |. 38 Mechanic St., Newark, N. J. MILLS AT WATERBURY, CONN. NEW YACHT COLUMBIA All Her BRONZE CASTINGS are made of our... Ordnance Bronze Bridgeport Deoxidized Bronze & Metal Co., BRIDGEPORT, CONN. Matthiessen & Hegeler Zinc Co., LA SALLE, ILLINOIS, SMELTERS OF SPELTER AND MANUFACTURERS OF SHEET ZINC AND Special Sizes of Zinc cut to order. SULPHURIC ACID. Rolled Battery Plates Selected Plates for Etchers’ and Lithographers’ use Selected Sheets for Paper and Card Makers’ ure Stove and Washboard Blanks. ZINCS FOR LECLANCHE BATTERY. BRASS COODS MFC. 6 Address all esmmunica - tions to the lactory. Mirs. of Stam ed Brass Goods, Bynes Latoe ier Ons SPECIAL G00DS MADE 10 ORDER, BRONZE DOOR ENOSBS, Bronze and Plated Roses, Combined Rose and Escutcheon Plates Cushion Business Cards, Mucilage Brushes. Novelties of SALESROOM: new design made to 117 Chambers St., New York. FACTORY: 86-92 Third St., So. Brooklyn, HENDRICKS BROTHERS, Proprietors of the Belleville Copper Rolling MANUFACTURERS OF Brasiers’, Bolt amd Sheathing COPPER. COPPER WIRE AND RIVETS. Importers and Dealers in ingot Copper, Block Tin, Spelter, Lead, Antimeng, etc. 49 CLIFF ST.. NEW YORK. Silver and qliigholes Socket Shells, &c., be Dagens Mirror Pin THE PLUME o Sheet and Roli WIRE PRINTERS’ BRASS, JEWELERS’ METAL, GERMAN SILVER AND GILDING METAL, COPPER RIVETS AND BURRS. Pins, Brass Butt Hinges, Jack Chain, Kere- sene Burners, Lamps, Lamp Trimmings, &c. 29 MURRAY ST., NEW YORK. 144 HIGH ST., BOSTON. 199 LAKE 8T., CHICAGO, ROLLING MILL : | THOMASTON, CONN. FACTORIES : WATERBURY, CONN. SCOVILL MFG. CO., Manufacturers of BRASS SHEET, WIRE, TUBES, Hinges, Buttons, Lamp Goods, Nipples, Pumps and Oilers for Bicycles, Braziers’ Solder, Aluminum. Factories, WATERBURY, CONN. DEPOTS : New York, Chicago, Boston. JOHN DAVOL & SONS, AGENTS FOR Brooklyn Brass & Copper Co., DEALERS IN COPPER, TIN, SPELTER, LEAD, ANTIMONY. 100 John Street, New York. WILLIAM S. FEARING, 256 Broadway, NEW YORK, SELLS TO THE TRADE Sheet Brass, Fancy Sheet Brass, German Silver, Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire, Brazed and Seamless Brass and Copper Tubes, Brass and Cop- per Rods, Brass Ferrules, Pure Copper Wire, Sheet and Ingot Copper; Spelter, Tin, Antimony, Lead, &c. THE BRIDGEPORT BRASS CO., BRIDGEPORT, CONN. 19 Murray St., New York. 85-87 Pearl St., Boston. 17 N. 7th St., Philadelphia. MANUFACTURERS OF SHEET AND TUBING Copper | WIRE. Lamp Goods of all Kinds, BRASS AND COPPER GOODS In Great Varieties. Brass C The Lavigne Universal Automatic Screw Machine. The universal automatic screw machines built by the Lavigne Automatic Mfg. Company of New Haven, Conn.., may be changed to any class of work with the aid of aux- iliary parts, which may be attached or detached at will. All parts are made by special gauges and are interchange- able. The turret machine may be changed to a stud ma- chine, or a stud machine with a drilling attachment, by replacing the turret slide with a plain slide. This en- ables the manufacturer, as his requirements demand, to change a machine of one class to that of another. The turret is simple in construction; it contains no springs and is equipped with down locking mechanism as well as with the regular locking bar, which makes it absoe- Fig 1.—Machine ror Double End Work. THE LAVIGNE UNIVERSAL lutely positive. It makes no difference at what speed the turret is revolved, as it is positively rotated and cannot escape or gain a hole. Where a less number of tools is operated than the number of holes in the turret, the lat- ter can be revolved to the tool required without advanc- ing from its position. This is accomplished by a star gear and a series of pins and cams on the periphery of the turret drum. This arrangement saves time and wear on the machine. On its advance the turret is automatically locked and on its return is released, and when it has reached its original position is revolved. The unusual rigidity of the turret insures smoothness of the surface of the parts turned down. The true alignment of the tur- ret is affected by means of a taper gib with four screws located on each side of the locking bar, and which also serve to take up the wear of the bar. The differential gear is so constructed. as to stand long and hard usage. The pulleys are arranged on one side and the differentials on the other, so as to bring the strain equally on both ‘THE IRON AGE. THuRsDAY, JuLy 13, 1899. Fig. 2.—Plain Machine for One End Work. / AUTOMATIC SCREW MACHINE. so ends of the shaft. speeds is 35 to 1. The ratio between the fast and slow The differential gear mechanism may be taken apart without disturbing the worm. The cross slide is furnished with two tool posts, one or both of which may be used as the nature of the work may re- quire. When necessary for the production of certain pieces an extra turret attachment is provided for the cross slide. There is a micrometer adjustment for regu- lating the cross slide movement to 1-1000 inch. This easily and quickly takes up any wear on the tools or variation of the setting of the cross slide cams. The tool posts are constructed for the use of circular forming and cutting off tools or straight tools if required. These tools can be ground on the cutting surfaces until entirely used up without changing their shape. Wear is taken up Pes St a es by long taper gibs operated by one collar screw. re For long or heavy cuts demanding a taper where side forming tools are impracticable, a simple attachment is furnished for accomplishing the desired result. A single point over-shot box tool is directly connected with a small horizontal gear wheel. This latter on the advance ay of the turret engages with racks arranged on either side or both sides of the gear wheel, as the nature of the work may require. The gear wheel revolves on these racks in either direction, and the cutting tool in turn is either raised or lowered as it advances on the work. Straight turning may be done at any point of the operation by omitting the proper teeth on the racks. On the return of the turret the gear wheel necessarily reverses the mo- tion of the advance, and the cutting tool returns to its original position. By entirely omitting the racks a straight cut will be obtained. But one box tool of this kind is necessary for each machine, and is universal in its use. Furthermore, when regular straight work is re- quired by removing the racks from the overhanging arm, > ER ae eee ~ Nene: 2 THE IRON AGE. the circular graduated index plate on the top of the box tool can be set to the 1-1000 inch, thereby obtaining any size desired. When it is necessary to finish both ends of a piece, the rear end attachment, Fig. 1, is used. The piece on being cut off is retained in a holder and carried with the turret. When opposite its original position it engages with the rear end attachment and is threaded, drilled or slotted, as may be required. This does not interfere with the original operations which are going on inde- pendently at the same time with it. Each machine is equipped with a rotary oil pump, which is directly connected with the differential gear shaft, and which insures a sufficient supply of oil to the tools when in operation. In the old method of using a belt to run the oil pump, the belt would become soaked in oil and have a tendency to slip and consequently the oil pump would not perform its function of supplying a sufficient flow of oil. ee Fig. 3.- Machine with Attachment for Making Rolls. July 13, 1899 An Important “ Trust ’’ Decision. The New Jersey Court of Errors and Appeals, in Trenton, N. J., rendered last week a sweeping opinion reversing the decision of Vice-Chancellor Grey in the cases of the Trenton Potteries Company against Richard Oliphant and others. The Trenton Potteries Company is the so-called Sanitary Ware Trust, formed a few years ago by the purchase of five sanitary potteries in Trenton, including the Oliphant pottery. Under the terms of the purchase the potteries selling out all entered into a writ- ten agreement not to start again anywhere in the United States, except in Nevada and Arizona. Notwithstanding this agreement the Oliphants subsequently started in opposition, and the Vice-Chancellor refused to restrain them on the ground that the contract was in restraint of trade. The Court of Errors, in its opinion, said it is not a question whether sanitary ware is a necessity of life. and also remarked that the contract did not take out of business any large proportion of those engaged in it. The significant part of the opinion is that corporations in New Jersey have, under authority of legislative acts, the right to buy the capital stock and business of other cor- Fig. 4.— Machine Provided with Rear Slide for Stud Work. THE LAVIGNE UNIVERSAL AUTOMATIC SCREW MACHINE. The countershaft for each machine has self-oiling boxes, three-step cone for the differential gear pulley, and necessary pulley for the spindle. The cone pulley is furnished with friction clutch. _—_—— ae — On June 29 the stockholders of the Dominion Coal Company, by the unanimous vote of 144,552 shares, rati- fied the proposed contract with the Dominion [ron & Steel Company. This contract provides that the coal company shall supply the iron and steel company with coal at $1.20 per ton (this price to be subject to revision every ten years), and that the iron and steel company shall have the right on January 1 or July 1 up to January 1, 1903, to lease the Dominion Coal property, paying all the latter’s fixed charges and 6 per cent. on the common stock. If at any time the cutput of the coal company exceeds 3 500,000 tons, the lessee shall pay the lessor an additional 15 cents per ton. Payments on account of the lease are to be made semi-annually, on June 15 and December 15. The sum of 3600,000, to be deposited before the lease goes into effect, shall be forfeited to the coal company in case the lessee fails to make the payments provided in the lease The concession for the working of the Elba iron ore mines and the Follonica iron works, held by Toniette & ‘o. of Leghorn, has been purchased by the Credit Italien, and a large new company are to be formed to exploit the same porations, and that a contract such as that made by Oliphant would be necessary to secure the full benefit of such purchase. The court said it must be guided by the legislative authority given to those corporations, and therefore holds the contract made by Oliphant to be en- forceable regardless of the question whether it restrains trade or not. After commenting on the legislative power of one cor- poration to purchase and hold the stock of other corpora- tions, the court’s opinion is worded as follows: “‘ Under such powers it is obvious that a corporation may pur- chase the plant and business of competing individuals and concerns. The Legislature might have withheld such powers, or imposed limitations upon their use. In the absence of any prohibition or limitation on their power in this respect it is impossible for the court to pronounce acts done under legislative grant to be inimical to public policy. The grant of the Legislature authorizing and permitting such acts must fix for the courts a character and limit of public policy in that regard. It follows that a corporation empowered to carry on a particular busi- ness may lawfully purchase the plant and business of competitors, although such purchase may diminish, or for a time destroy, competition. Contracts for such pur- chases cannot be refused enforcement. Contracts reason- ably required to make such purchases effective by pro- tecting the purchaser in the use and enjoyment of the thing purchased cannot be declared by the courts to be repugnant to public policy. The interference with com- petition resulting from such purchases under legislative July 13, 1899 THE commission being found not to invalidate contracts for such purchases, the like interference by contracts rea- sonably required for the protection of the purchaser can- not be held to invalidate them.” i The Iron Industry of Austria. In March of the current year the Austrian Society of Engineers celebrated a jubilee, which representatives of many engineering bodies attended. Among them was Bennett Brough, secretary of the Iron and Steel Insti- tute, who has just submitted a report to the council of the institute. In this report he quotes some data from a paper by E. Heyrowsky on the progress of the Aus- trian iron industry from 1848. Fifty years ago all the blast furnaces used charcoal as fuel, with the single exception of the Wittkowitz works, then belonging to Baron von Rothschild, which as long ago as 1831 possessed one coke blast furnace. The production of these charcoal furnaces was very sniall, not more than 1 to 10 tons in 24 hours. Cold blast was used and the copper tuyeres were not kept cool. The pig iron was treated in small finery hearths with charcoal; the yearly out turn of a hearth of this kind did not exceed 100 to 200 tons. The iron was worked with tilt hammers driven by water wheels, and at only a very few works were there puddling furnaces, welding furnaces or steam rolling mills. The production of pig iron in Austria was as follows in the years named: Year. Tons een CGE seca Cen ced een bdeke eeenbe an cae o oSkh' Ubkanecmeceu p 155.738 th cessed et sida thee e se4Ne oe cuban tees Cueee cacascaesehesess ea 244.677 a ee : ott eT ee cwecscics Ee USSSA aR IS ae ey ahek rst eres RE eS Reema EE 93,195 Gees nota sheet At cdae PA LEE LO CEE AEN Ale a hin Ee 986,121 Es adiaveuee ss er ee aie ° | +— abe eleme ee RR7 444 ago was only 155,738 tons. This amount was obtained from 132 blast furnaces. Consequently the out turn per blast furnace averaged 1200 tons. Strenuous attempts were then made to concentrate the working, to increase the out turn of the furnaces and to improve the whole manufacture. The waste gases of the furnaces were collected and utilized for heating the blast, for roasting the ore and for heating steam boilers; water jacketed tuyeres were esnployed, the boshes were cooled and me- chanical heists adopted. The finery hearths were dis- carded and replaced by single and double puddling fur- naces and welding furnaces; steel puddling was intro- duced, and rails were made either with puddled steel heads or entirely of puddled steel of excellent quality; the manufacture of cement steel was introduced and that of cast steel greatly extended. Difficulties in the use of poor coal, rich in moisture and ash, were overcome by methods of gas firing. Directly after Bessemer’s dis- covery had been applied in England and in Sweden, it was adopted by Austria. On November 23, 1863, the first Bessemer charge was blown at Prince Schwarzenberg’s works at Turracu, in Styria. This was owing to the in- itiative of the great metallurgist, the Ritter Peter von Tunner. The Turrach works were soon followed, also at Tunner’s suggestion, by the Bessemer works at Hoft, in Carinthia (1864), and in the same vear by the Besse- mer works at Neuberg, and soon afterward Bessemer plants were erected at 'Ternitz, Teplitz, Graz, Zeltweg, Wittkowitz, Kladno, Prevali and Trienietz. With the introduction of the Bessemer process Aus- tria entered upon a new era of increased outputs and reduced.costs. Consequently, in 1867 and 1868 the Goy- ernment sold all its iron works. Joint stock companies were formed and new branches of manufacture were adopted. In the third decade of the 50 years under re- view new blast furnaces were built at Schwechat and Judenburg in Styria, and at Liebschitz and Rokitzan in Bohemia: rolling mills were started at Kéflach, Wasen- dorf, Unzmarkt and St. Michael in Styria, and steel works and wire mills at.Graz. The mean out turn was increased to 4650 tons per year per furnace and extensive use was made of the Siemens regenerative system. The production of Bessemer metal. beginning in the year 1863 with 21 tons, reached 70,000 tons in 1878 and 100,000 tons in 1878. The last two decades of the period under consideration presented a remarkable development in the Austrian iron industry. This was due to the fact that the basic process rendered it possible to utilize prosphoric iron ores. This process was first put in practice by Thomas and Gilchrist in 1878, and in the next year (1879) the first charge was blown by this process at Kladno, in Bohemia. In the same year the Teplitz works and the Wittkowitz works also adopted the basic process. In this year the latter works passed from the possession of Baron von Roth- schild into that of the Wittkowitz Mining & Iron Works Compsny, and were converted by the skill of Paul Kupelwieser and the Ritter Max von Guttman into one IRON AGE. 3 of the greatest iron works in Austria. The basic process was soon adapted to the open hearth process, and came into use in Bohemia, where it rendered possible the utilization of the phosphoric ores of the Nuecvizer mines. By the powerful initiative of Carl Wittgenstein the Kladno plant was adapted to the new process and con- siderably enlarged, the Fiirstenberg Iron Works (now the Bohemian Mining Company) coming into the new combination. Under his powerful hand entirely new works arose, such as the Carl Emil works and the blast furnace plant at Kénigshof, near Beraun, the sheet roll- ing mills at the Rudolf works at Teplitz, and quite re- cently (1890) the cast steel works, the Poldi works at Kladno. In 1888 the Wittkowitz works started making armor plates. which proved very satisfactory. About the same time another new branch of industry was started in Aus- tria—namely, the manufacture of wrought iron tubes at Wittkowitz and at the Haltschinsky works, Schénbrunn, near Moravian Osirau. In 1892 the railway from Leoben to Eisenerz was completed, and the supply of excellent iron ore thus rendered available led to the building in 1896 at Donawitz of a large coke blast furnace, which has now the greatest daily out turn of pig iron, 240 tons in 24 hours, in Austria. As a new creation of quite re- cent date the blast furnace plant at Servola, near Tri- este, may be mentioned. It is built after the American style and was blown in on November 24. 1897. Eng- lish coke and Spanish, African, Greek and Bosnian iron ores are used. It is thus evident that the iron industry of Austria has made considerable advances. Wheras in the fifties a blast furnace with a daily out turn of 20 tons and in the seven- ties one with a daily out turn of 50 to 60 tons were about the largest. at the present time there are blast furnaces which produce daily 160 tons (Kladno), 180 tons (Witt- kowitz), 220 tons (Kénigshof) and 240 tons (Donawitz und Servola) of pig iron, and a new furnace is projected at Eisenerz with a daily out turn of 460 tons. The pro- duetion of minernl fuel has increased in a remarkable manner during the period under review. The output of coal in Austria in 1848 was 716,412 tons; in 1897 it was 10,492,770 tons. The output of brown coal in 1848 was 409.521 tons; in 1S97 it was 20.458.692 tons. —- oe Putting a New Bow on a Wrecked Steamer. A highly interesting feat of marine salvage and re- pair is described in the London Engineer : The steamship “ Milwaukee” was built by C. S. Swan & Hunter at Wallsend-on-Tyne, in January, 1897, for the fleet of Elder, Dempster & Co. of Liver- pool, with a view to her employment in that firm’s North American trade. She is still ranked as a very large steamer, notwithstanding the great advances which have been made in the production of heavy cargo carriers during the short time which has elapsed since she was launched. Her principal dimensions were: 470 feet long by 56 feet broad, and 31.9 feet registered depth, her molded depth being 34 feet 9 inches. With these dimensions she measured 7317 tons gross, and 4755 tons net register tonnage. After making several voyages she started last autumn upon a run from the Tyne to New Orleans in ballast, but ‘unfortunately went ashore upon the rocks at Port Errol near Peterhead. Upon examination it was found that she was locked in place by a huge rock 30 feet in length and 8 feet high, which held her in such a manner that it was impossible to float her. In this state of af- fairs the task of doing the best possible for all concerned was intrusted to the Liverpool Salvage Association. It was at once seen that the whole of the vessel could not be salved, but that, while a large piece of the fore end was inextricably jammed, the remainder, if detached therefrom, might perhaps be successfully fioated to a convenient place for repairs. To effect the severance a belt of dynamite cartridges was exploded around the shell of the vessel at the place deemed most suitable for dividing her, and after several such explosions a com- plete division was made without seriously injuring the adjacent parts of the structure. To show how strongly constructed is the ‘Milwaukee,’ it may be mentioned that no iess than 520 pounds of dynamite were exploded in cutting her asunder. But by far the most interesting commentary upon her strength, and the excellent class of work turned out by her builders, is afforded by the subsequent behavior of the transverse water tight bulk- head at the forward end of the boiler space, upon the strength and tightness of which the vessel depended for flotation until placed in dry dock for repairs on April 19, 1899. When cut in two the after part, extending from just before the forward end of the navigating bridge. was towed to the Tyne and moored in that river until a new bow end was built, launched and made ready for connection to it. And here it is further worthy of re- uark that not only was the after part of the “Mil- 4 waukee ” floated from Port Errol to the Tyne, but that it was towed with the bulkhead end foremost, and that the tug boats were assisted by the ship’s own engines. On her arrival in the Tyne, her builders set to work to reproduce a tac-simile of the piece left behind on the Scottish coast. This bow end was launched on April 12, IS99, and for several days afterward the bow and stern portions of the * Milwaukee” floated side by side and pointing in the same direction : one of the very few cases, if not the only one, in which the bow and the stern of a vessel have been known to look the same way. The repairers were very successful in their attempt to dry dock the two pieces in correct relative positions, and but little subsequent adjustment was found neces- sary. Moreover, the new bow piece so correctly repro- duced its predecessor that a stranger would never sup- pose he was not looking at the original bow, and would find it impossible to point out where the junction was effected. In point of fact, the “ Milwaukee” is now as perfect and as strong as ever she was, and how sufficient that strength is will be evident to any one who considers the serious test it has undergone. So accurately has the work been done that the vessel’s principal dimensions are exactly as they were before, and her gross tonnage differs by only 6 tons from that which it was originally. ee ee : Forgings and the Machines Used in Producing Them. At a meeting of the Institution of Civil Engineers Mr. Parker read a paper on “ Forgings and the* Ma- chines Used in Producing Them,” in which he said: With regard to tools, the basis for accurate forging is die forging, and the idea of making dies or tools hav- ing an inipression of the whole or part of the article re- — CTTTTPEPTTIT PLOT Teh | } | | | t | PrP PIPLY Fi ee —— —__ J Fig. 1.—Juartial Side Elevation. THE NEW BOILLDING OF THE WESTON quired is no doubt widely used with more or less en- deavor to approximate what dies should be, and what they may be expected to do. Dies as tools have been greatly utilized by trades having little or no affinity with the more important branches of the engineering trade; and by their means work of great utility and beauty is produced—cheaply produced—in various metals, which could be obtained, excepting to a very limited extent, by no other means, but within the engineering circle, which depends entire- ly upon the various metals for its existence, the function of the die maker is ignored and practically unknown. It would perhaps be an interesting query to put to the heads of some of the large engineering works, employ- ing probably hundreds of smiths, how many die makers are employed to provide those smiths with tools. Molders, who to a very great extent may be compared with smiths as fellow workers in metal, are not expected to do much without assistance from the pattern maker; there are many points of atlinity between the pattern maker and the die maker; and there is no doubt that the die maker has yet to be appreciated by managers of en- gineering works, because it is by means of dies that properly formed forgings are to be obtained. The main thing, however, which comes within the province of the engineer to provide for the forger is a suitable form of power for actuating the dies or tools, having in mind that the plastic or forgeable condition of wrought iron or steel, when obtained, cannot be retained beyond limited periods, especially in the case of articles having thin or light parts, when its duration is very brief. This power must be capable of instantaneous application; it must be simple and ample, and the essen- tial feature for producing the proper effect is that it must be of the same kind as the smith, with his limited physical strength, naturally produces with hand ham- mer or sledge—that is to say, a perfectly elastic blow of sufficient force to produce an immediate and substantial effect upon the material. The most valuable thing which the engineer has given to the smith and forgers is the steam hammer. The util- ity and value of steam hammers are too great to describe THE IRON AGE. July 13, 1899 in this short paper; but for finished forgings—viz., forg- ings that do not need truing and finishing by some other process—the steam hammer is not satisfactory; it is too rigid, its blow is too dead. Hydraulic power, the application of cams, cranks, &c., are also unsuitable, for the same and other reasons. In the case of die forging small articles, manual power is supplied through the medium of a rope, passed over a loose pulley, and attached to a hammer, which is thus pulled up and released, giving its blow by the force of gravity; and the accuracy of work thus produced in- dicates a right principle. To some extent the principle has been extended by using a revolving pulley in order for its frictional contact with the rope or belt to assist the pulling: also a vertical board is sometimes attached to the hammer and passed up between two pulleys, which revolve in opposite directions; these pulleys are made to approach each other by means of a cam, thus gripping the board with sufficient strength to raise the hammer. Both these systems evidently have objectionable features and very limited powers; but until quite re- cently they have compassed the development toward siniths’ and forgers’ essential requirements—i. e., a po- tent elastic blow. Recently is advisedly said. It is within the writer’s knowledge that the engineers of the London & North- western and Great Western railways have lately adopted a system which affords the necessary power in a satis- factory way, practically without limit. They are already making forgings of moderate dimensions which it would surprise many engineers to see, but they are also rapid- ly moving toward producing their largest parts in the same way. There is no doubt that in the near future the forged joints, links, pistons, connecting rods, &c., will leave the smithing and forging department true to ir Pai —— Fig. 2.—Jtirtial End Elevation. ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENT COMPANY. form and measure as required, with 1-16 or \% inch, as the case may be, for facings, and no more. The ele- mentary principles of this system are similar to those which have established themselves in die forging small articles. Its niain feature is a development in the way of power, in order to produce large forgings with dies of equal quality to the small forgings hitherto made with dies. The vibrations from blows of sufficient power and elasticity—or sharpness—to cause metal at a moderate heat to flow completely into the impressions of the dies, and to make clean work, are calculated to destroy any rigidly built machine. In these machines, not any of the parts affected by the work are bolted together or any wise rigidly fixed; the guides are held and the dies set in position by flexible means—i. e., the lower end of each guide fits into a recess in the base block, the top end passes up into a socket having sufficient clearance for wood packing; the wood is intended to absorb vibrations which pass up the guide rod. The lifter for raising the hammer is a new application of very simple construc- tion. It is a cylinder having suitable passages for steam or compressed air with a part rotating piston; arms are secured to the piston rod a convenient distance from the cylinder; the ends of the arms are attached to the hammer by either ropes, chains, or steel bands. The effi- ciency of this lifter is proved; it can be made to operate a gravitation hammer of any weight, therefore any im- aginable forgings can be made by its means. It is safe to say that forging by machinery is in its early stages. It has hitherto made slow advances, partly no doubt be- cause most smiths and forgers—workmen—have great re- luctance to accept and use labor saving tools. The force of circumstances, however, is moving the question of cheaply producing forgings in quantities and reliable in shape and dimensions. The scarcity of open hearth steel has led recently to importations of foreign basic open hearth steel wire rods both into this and into the Canadian markets. The rods are used chiefly for the manufacture of wood screws. July 13, 1899 The New Building of the Weston Electrical Instrument Company. From an architectural point of view the new factory to be erected by the Weston Electrical Instrument Com- pany, at Waverly, N. J., embodies many features of 105 54 diam. % metal \ c 3 = at E | er =| heen at ' im i SS "3 Fig. 3. Detail of Columns > , f | 5 =--- a Bn o** PERFORATED “a STRAINER Fig. 4.—Detril Outside Gutter. THE NEW BUILDING OF THE WESTON striking originality and which mark a wide departure from usual construction. The structure is one story in hight, with a basement. The latter is lighted by win- dows on three sides, but the former is inclosed by masonry walls without any openings whatever, all the illumination being obtained through the saw toothed roof, so arranged that all the light is from the north. THE IRON AGE. 5 This provides ample light, since the glass area of the roof is three-eighths that of the floor space. In addition to this unique arrangements are provided for leading away the roof water and the water of condensation of the roof, use being made of the hollow supporting col- umns as leaders. As both dust and moisture are ex- tremely dangerous to the fine instruments made by the company, it is of the utmost importance that both be en- tirely eliminated. It is expected that this construction will perfectly accomplish the result. The new factory is to be built at the southeast corner of Frelinghuysen avenue and the road leading to the Waverly station of the Pennsylvania Railroad. The of- fice building runs parallel with the main factory and faces this road. The main building is 241 feet 8 inches long on the avenue, by 193 feet 8 inches wide, being con- nected by a gangway 18 feet long and 17 feet wide, out- side, with the main office building, which is 41 feet $8 inches by 105 feet 8 inches. The whole covers an area with the annexes for water closets, &c., of 53,000 square fect, or 11% acres. The level of the main floor is 4 feet above the ground, and its hight is 11 feet between the floor level and the lower chord of the roof trusses. Underneath this floor is the basement, 9 feet from the underline of the main girders to the asphalt floor. The iron construction form- ing the main floor consists of a frame work of steel gird- ers carrying a cement flooring, consisting of ribbed steel bars with concrete above and between them, to which is directly nailed the double wooden flooring, consisting of one layer of 3 x 6 inch spruce, and a top layer of 14 x 3 incl factory maple. The main girders of the frame work are 20 feet high, 20 feet from center to center, and weigh 32 pounds per foot. This frame work is carried on cast iron columns spaced 20 feet apart from north to south and 16 feet from east to west. Each column con- neets yertically with a lighter east iron column. Fig. 3, which supports the roof trusses. ‘Through each of these columns the water from the roof is discharged into the lower columns and from there into the sewer pipes run- ning under the basement flooring, as shown in Fig. 6. The entire roof of the factory consists of a number of shed roofs of the saw tooth type, Fig. 2, the shorter side of the trisngle of which is placed at an angle of 72 de. grees and is furnisbed with ribbed glass. The roof is composed of 12 bays, each running the whole width of the building, 193 feet S inches, and consisting of 22 trusses 8 feet apart, made of double angle iron. The glass plates are 2 feet wide, 8 feet high, % inch thick and rest in a copper frame with steel supports. The other or long side of each section of the roof is covered with 2- inch pine planking, to which is fastened asbestos roofing composed of strong canvas und asbestos felt and con- nected together and compressed into a flexible roofing sheet without coal tar or shoddy. 0” CHANNEL IRON Fig. 5.— Detail Saw Tooth Gutter. ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENT COMPANY. Between each two sections are gutters made of cop per and fastened to the channel iron carrying the roof, as indicated in Fig. 5. This gutter, as will be seen from the engraving, is composed of three separate and distinct troughs; the upper one takes care of all stortn water, the middle one inimediately beneath it is arranged to lead away all water of condensation, while the third one takes pias ae eet Renee s — ee, . a te em te 2 a ih | : ip f , PO g ; iS t He | =a A ee poe oe a == 3 eee ree J Renee ora 6 THE. IRON AGE. July 13, 1899 care of any leakage and prevents drip due to condensa- won. The basement has, in the direction from east to west, ou the northern side, 17 4-foot windows, arched on top, and ull being 3% feet high. On the southern side, on ac- count of an additional bay without any basement, there are no windows. The east and west sides are also fully provided with windows. The east, west and south sides huve aunexes for water closets and bathrooms, which are 21 x 24 feet 2 inches. The annex on the south side, by reason of the additional’ bay without any basement, connects with the basement through a gangway. ‘The annexes have windows in the basement and on the main floor. Both the east and west sides are provided with extensions 7 x 12 feet, closed by trap doors, and which are to be used for the delivery of heavy machinery into the basement. Since the basement is naturally lighted by windows only from three sides the center space will be illuminated artificially, and will be used for the stor- age of raw material and tinished instruments. The oftice building will contain on one side the com- mercial, and on the other the technical department. Its design of flooring and roofing is the same as that of the factory building, light coming only through the roof. The main entrance consists of a porch with a balustrade Fig.t. Detail of Roof, Showing Drainage. THE NEW BUILDING OF THE WESTON ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENT COMPANY. on top and six steps leading to the porch. On both sides of the porch and extending beneath it are staircases for the entrance of the men and girls employed in the works. These entrances lead to the basement, where the lava- tories and clothing closets are arranged, one washbow] and cabinet being provided for each employee. From here the latter pass on separate staircases to the main factory floor. Sufficient water closets and urinals are provided on three sides of the building, also sufficient drinking pumps. This disposition was made in order that there might be as little time as possible lost by the employees in traveling to and from them. In the basement are bath- rooms for the girls and shower baths for the men, also large dining halls for all where meals may be obtained from a specially arranged kitchen situated between the men’s and girls’ dining rooms. The water supply of the building is obtained from a well and stored in a tank of 30,000 gallons capacity, placed outside of the building on a L spec ial structure, and at a hight adequate to give suf- ficient pressure. The office of the superintendent will be near one side of the main fioor, and being elevated 4 fet above the floor, will command a general view of the enure interior. The different departments are to be di- vided from each other by glass or screen partitions but 4 feet high. The motive power is derived from the power house placed outside of the building, and containing boiler, steam engine, dynamos and so on. From the gen- to the several motors in the factory erators wires run which drive groups of small tools by means of shafting, or which are coupled directly to the larger machines. Besides the electric current compressed air will be largely used. partly for the transmission of power and partly for direct mechanical manipulation and also for cleaning. American Tin Plate Works. The Metal Worker has just published its semi-annual list of American tin plate plants, which shows that the total force of active mills at the end of June 30, 1899, was 285, an increase of eight for the quarter. Of these mills 272, or nearly 95 per cent., are owned and operated by the Ametionn Tin Plate Company. The additions made to the producing capacity of the American tin plate indus- try in the three months ended June 30, 1899, include three hot mills at the Morton plant, Cambridge, Ohio; one mill at the Atlanta plant, Atlanta, Ind.; four mills at the National plant, Monessen, Pa., and four mills at the United States plant, Demmler, Pa., all of which are owned by the American Company, as well as one new hot mill added to the plant of the Whitaker Iron Com- pany, Wheeling, W. Va., making 13 new hot mills. Against this increase must be placed the three mills of the Britton Works, at Cleveland, Ohio, and two mills of the Ohio River Works, Remington, Pa., which have been dismantled during the quarter, leaving a net gain of eight new milis. The 14 idle mills belong to five of the American Tin Plate Company’s plants, which are being dis- mantled and the machinery removed to other points— namely, the Baltimore and the Stickney works, at Baltimore, Md., the Somerton Works, Brooklyn, N. Y., and the Ohio River and Britton plants, referred to above. Arrangements have not yet been definitely concluded as to where these 14 mills will be erected, but they will be 2.dded to other works more favorably located than those in which they were originally placed. The mills noted as building include eight that are be- ing added to plants belonging to the American Tin Plate Company, and two of the Alcania Company, whose new plant, at Avonmore, Pa., is just approaching completion. All these new mills will shortly be finished and ready for work. The aggregate: of hot mills, active. idle and building, gives to the American tin plate industry a grand total of 312 mills. with a producing capacity, were all in full work, of over 10,000,000 boxes a year. Dipperies, The list of active dipping works is becoming steadily smaller, through the difficulty experienced by these con- cerns in obtaining their supplies of black plates. Not counting the plants which dip plates for their own use exclusively, only the dozen or so firms named below can now be fairly classed as active works, manufacturing for the market, and few of these are running regularly or to their full capacity. Those dipping concerns which have managed to carry on their business up to the pres- ent have done so either on the strength of the reputation of their special brands of roofing ternes or other special- ties, or else because they are affiliated with an inde pendent mill. In ordinary lines the dipperies are no longer able to compete with the mills. The following dipping plants, which are running more or less regularly, may be considered on the active list: Number of tinning sets, American Tin Plate Machine & Mfg. Company, Canal Dover, Ohio, 11 Cincinnati Corrugating Company, Piqua, Ohio Cs crlahtatleaiihias Follansbee Bros. Company, Allegheny. Pa Hamilton, John, Hazelwood, Pa Laufman (P. H.) & Co., Limited, ‘Apollo, Pa; ; Laufman Tin Plate Company, Butler Junction, Pa. McDonald (The Jas.) & Sons Company, Cincinnati. Ohio Merchant & Co., Incorporated, Philacelphia. Pa. Meurer Bros. Company. I lc inneeaebindinbianon ouede Norristown Tin Plate Company, Norristown, Pa Taylor (N. & G.) Company. Philadelphia, Pa..... W beeling Corrugating Company, Wheeling, W. Va Besides the above there are a half dozen concerns who operate dipping plants for the manufacture of tin plate to be used in their own can or tinware factories, but whose plates are not placed upon the market. i The Toledo papers report that A. W. Houston, former president of the Toledo Rolling Mill Company, now owned by the Republic Iron & Steel Company, is organiz- ing a company to build another mill at that place. The Compress Wheel Company. 16 North Canal street, Chicago, are issning each month a large card bearing the calendar for the month on one side printed in large plain figures, while on the other side attention is called to their polishing wheels. The cards are printed in different colors for each month and the printed matter is also varied. The method of advertising is unique and attrac- tive. ‘ A New System of Valves for Steam Engines, Air Engines and Compressors.* BY FRED W. GORDON, PHILADELPHIA, PA. In steam or air motors there are four valves in each head, two for the inlet and two for the exhaust, each pair July 13, 1899 THE IRON AGE. 7 the center of the rock shaft, one valve moving it into the cylinder, the other away from it to open their ports. The valves are in equilibrium as to current and pressure. If we are referring to the head end of the cylinder, and the piston is at the dead point at that end, then the ends of these valves may be flush with the inside of the cylinder head, and the only clearance will be the circular beveling Fig. 1.— Sectional Elevation of a Puir of Valves. TO DASH POT SECTION THROUGH STEAM VALVES Fig. 9.—Section through Exhaust Valves. NEW SYSTEM OF VALVES FOR STEAM ENGINES. being an exact duplicate of the other. A valve really consists of a pair of valves, of the same diameter, con- nected by links to a rock arm, at an equal distance from * Abstract of paper presented at the Washington meeting of the” American Society of Mechanical Engineers. of the ends of the valves which move outward, and the ribbed chamber around the ends of the valves which move inward to open, together with whatever clearance is thought proper to avoid contact between the piston head and cylinder head. This total clearance need not " ee 8 THE IRON AGE. exceed one-half of 1 per cent. for ordinary Corliss engine proportions as to diameter and stroke. The excess of the surface exposed to the steam upon its introduction to the cylinder is not more than 9 per cent. above the area of the piston head and cylinder head. A minimum of clear- ance, a minimum of surface to reduce internal condensa- July 18, 1899 is it necessary to call special attention to the method of packing the piston valves, as that is not essentially a part of the system, though it is believed the double ring shown is the best— it certainly has proven to be tight. These valves being placed in the heads of the cytinder, and the valve cylinder’s bore being parallel with the WOOO Fig. 3.—Left Hand End of a Compressor. NLET ANO OUTLET VALVES IN CORRECT CORRESPONDENCE WITH PISTON. PISTON MOVING IN DIRECTION OF ARROW ES So eee eel } TION THROUGH A.B 4 J hy THE CENTRE OF THE NLET VALVES SECTION THROUGH C.C OR THE CENTRE OF THE OUTLET VALVES. Fig. 4.—Blast Furn BLOWING ENGINE. ome Designed for 160 R.P.M.and a discharge press. up to 8 Ibs.per sq.{n. - Valves in perfect balance with max. area and minimum clearance Inlet and Outlet Valves in pairs driven positively by separate Ec- centrics. Diameter of Air Cylinder 42 inches. Stroke 30 inches Kf. Inlet and outlet area each 190 sq. inches, or th. that of piston Clearance 0.5 tobe ye? F.W.Gordon, Engineer, Philadethia, Pa.,U.S.A ma x With Eccentric set at 63 ahead of Crank, Valve is linc & line to open at 4.25 aJiabat _ . "ao saad ° ° ° 5.6 , ” oe ’ . ” ’ ’ ’ ~ i) Bly DIAGRAM OF OUTLET @W being suitable for blast up to 10" aud 56 advaace for blast up to 12 * VALVE MOTION we Blowing Cylinder. NEW SYSTEM OF VALVES FOR STEAM ENGINES. tion, and maximum of portage are the claims for this system. The illustrations show the adaptability of the system for shaft governed or automatic liberating en- gines. The details of these need not be dwelt upon, as they would be modified for each particular case. Neither bore of the main cylinder, the inner flush ends of the valves are parallel with the inside of head. The distance from the cylinder to the port is shorter than usual, reduc- ing the resistance and change of temperature incident to long ports. THE IRON AGE. 9 When the engine is compound the employment of the the ends of the valves are nearly flush with the inside of valves in the heads is conducive to direct and free pas- _the cylinder head, then, as the piston recedes from that gage between the cylinders, so that practically exhaust end, one of the valves follows the piston and the other re- July 13, 1899 Fig. 5.— Valves on Vertical Piston Blower. Fig. 6.— Plan Fig. 5. NEW SYSTEM OF VALVES FOR STEA