The Iron Age 1899-05-18: Vol 63 Iss 20

THE _JRON. AGE A Review of the Hardware, Iron 06g, r ‘i hd Published every Thursday Morning by David Williams Co., 232-02 “Bag iey am St., New York. Vol. LXJ11: No. 20. New York, Patereday, May 78, one $4.50 a Year, including Postage. Single Copies, Ten Cents Reading Matter Contents......... page 54 Classified List of Advertisers.... “* ‘25 Alphabetical Index te Advertisers ‘“* 130 Advertising and Subsoription Rates ‘‘ TUDOR IRON WORKS ST. LOuIS, Mo. MANUFACTURERS BAR IRON wo STEEL, THE BRISTOL COMPANY, Waterbury, Conn. Bristol’s Recording Instruments, For Pressure, Temperature and Electricity All Ranges, Low Prices and Guar- anteed. Send for Circulars, “SAMSON SPOT CORD g Also Massachusetts aot Phenix Brands of Sash Curd SAMSON CORDAGE WORKS, - Boston, Mass, TURNBUCKLEX. BRANCH OFFICE: 11 Broadway, New York. Cleveland City Forge and iron Co., - Cleveland, 0. TURN BUCKLES. — 1 ones opeerapm IRON ORES. Brooklyn, E. D., N.Y. PILLING & CRANE, toric’ sicct, Lewis Biock, Soft and tough—Apollo galvanized iron—makes dif- ferent wages. Flat — makes different business. Apollo Iron and Steel Company, Pittsburgh. Interesting Facts and Official Data 61] Pertaining to the 1899 GRAND AMERICAN HANDICAP; Number of full entries, 251, at $25.00...... $6,275.00 se OF ** post ‘“s ai * S2a0e::..:.: 385.00 p Ne | “ forfeit “ 16, * 1.00....:.: 160.00 Total,.. - - 278 $6,820.00 or which total number 179 shooters used U. M. C. factory loaded Shells, being 64.39% of the entire attendance and drawing $4,955.25 of the purse of $6,820.00. This is certainly an elegant showing and does not need any further comment, Above speaks for itself as to the quality of the goods used by the winner, the HON. THOMAS A. MARSHALL OF KEITHSBURG, ILL., Who won the handicap for the second time with goods made by the UNION METALLIC CARTRIDGE CO., BRIDGEPORT, CONN. Winners of Handicap, 1893, '94,’95,'97, ’98, ’99. GAHALL BOILERS % * # CAPEWELL HORSE NAILS. NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA, CHICAGO, ST. LOUIS, BOSTON, DETROIT, CINCINNATI, SAN FRANCISCO, PORTLAND, ORE., BUFFALO, BALTIMORE, NEW ORLEANS. THE CAPEWELL HORSE NAIL COPIPANY, HARTFORD, CONN. WE CLAIM THE FOLLOWING MERITS FOR JENKINS BROS.’ VALYES. Manufactured of the best Steam Metal. BRANCHES: No regrinding, therefore not constantly wearing out the Seat of the Valves. : Sons JENKINS DISC, which is suitable for all Pressures of Steam, Oil, and c The Easiest Repaired, and all parts Interchangeable, Every Valve Tested before leaving the factory. . ALL GENUINE stamped with Trade Mark. JENKINS BROTHERS, New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, Boston. Brass Prices High, So Use Bright “Swedoh” Stamp- gee 1\4 ing Steel Easily Brass Plated and Save Money. ™* MAGNOLIA. METAL Best Anti-Friction Metal for all Machinery Bearings. eee or a Beware of Imitationus. Genuine Magnolia Meta! is made up in ee a fac-simile ; wre name and trade- ask ge 2 ee on each x and bar, and = Moe oe Daited States” patented June Ab der side of each Owners and Sole MAGNOLIA METAL CO., ( .) 266 & 267 WEST ST., NEW YORK Sesssousng Manufacturers,” THE IRON THE Ansonia Brass Coprer Co. MANUFACTURERS OF BRASS AND COPPER Seamless Tubes, Sheets, Rods and Wire. ingot Copper. SOLE MANUFACTURERS Tobin Bronze (TRADE-MARK REGISTERED.) Condenser Plates, Pump Linings, Round, Square and Hexagon Bars, for Pump Piston Rods and Bolt Forgings. 99 John Street. New York. NUFACTURERS OF—_ EETIBRAS sii} COPPER. S BRAZED BRASS & COPPER TUBES. SEAMLESS BRASS & COPPER TUBES”38"DIAM ~ A . CHICAGO, ILL. ~ ST, Waterbury Brass Co. Established 1845. Sheet, Roll and Platers’ Brass, German Silver, Copper, Brass and Ger- man Silver Wire. Brass and Copper Tubing. COPPER RIVETS AND BURS. PERCUSSION CAPS, TAPE MEASURES, METALLIC EYELETS, Brass Ketties, Brass Tags, Powder Flasks, Shot Pouches, &c., AND SMALL BRASS WARES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. HICK’S PRIMERS, BERDAN PRIMERS. Cartridge Metal in Sheets or Shells a Specialty. DEPOTs: 60 Centre St., New York. 126 Eddy St., Provi- dence, R. i. 38 Mechanic St., Newark, Wi. MILLS AT WATERBURY, CONN. }/THE NEW DEFENDER ~All Her BRONZE CASTINGS are made of our... Ordnance Bronze BRIDGEPORT, CONN. MATTHIESSEN & SHBET ZINO AND LA SALLE, ILLINOIS, SMELTERS OF SPIEILTER AND MANUFACTURERS OF Special Sizes of Zinc cut to order. Rolled Battery Plates. Selected Plates for Etchers’ and Lithographers’ use Selected Sheets for Paper and Oard Makers’ use Stove and Washboard Blanks. ZINCS FOR LECLANCHE BATTERY. HEGELER ZINC CO,, SULPHURIC ACID. BRASS COODS MFC. 0° = vax (xc ' | SILVER AND GILDING METAL, COPPER Bridgeport Deoxidized Bronze & Metal Co., and = ckeled THE PLUME & ATwooo Mr6, Co., Sheet and Roll Brass WIRE PRINTERS’ BRASS, JEWELERS’ METAL, GERMAN RIVETS AND BURRS. Pins, Brass Bu*t Hinges, Jack Chain, Kere- sene Burners, Lamps, Lamp Trimmings, &c. 29 MURRAY ST., NEW YORE. 144 HIGH ST., BOSTON. 199 LAKE 8T., CHICAGO, ROLLING MILL : | FACTORIES : THOMASTON, CONN. WATERBURY, CONN. SCOVILL MFG. C0., Manufacturers of BRASS SHEET, WIKRE, TUBES, Hinges, Buttons, Lamp Goods, Nipples, Pumps and Oilers for Bicycles, Braziers’ Solder, Aluminum. Factories, WATERBURY, CONN. New York, JOHN DAVOL & SONS, AGENTS FOR Brooklyn Brass & Copper Co., DEALERS IN COPPER, TIN, SPELTER, LEAD, ANTIMONY. 100 John Street, New York. WILLIAM 8. FEARING, 256 Broadway, NEW YORK, SELLS TO THE TRADE Sheet Brass, Fancy Sheet Brass, German Silver, Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire, Brazed and Seamless Brass and Copper Tubes, Brass and Cop- per Rods, Brass Ferrules, - Pure Copper Wire, Sheet and Ingot Copper; y ' Spelter, Address all | ‘ el Sat GMD oO SPECIAL Tin, Antimony, Lead, &c. tommunica - “s GOODS aoe wots |THE BRIDGEPORT BRASS CO., BRIDGEPORT, CONN. lactory . ORDER, 19 Murray St., New York. 85-87 Pearl St., Boston. BRONZE DOOR ENOBSB, 17 N. 7th St., Philadelphia. Bronze and Plated Roses, Combined Rose and Escutcheon Plates, Socket Shells, &c., Patent Mirror Pin MANUFACTURERS OF Cushion Business Cards, Mucilage Brushes. Novelties of new design made to order. SALESROOM: 117 Chambers St., New York. FACTORY: 86-92 Third St., Se. Breeklyn, HENDRICKS Belleville BROTHERS, Proprietors of the Copper Rolling Mills, MANUFACTURERS OF Brasiers’, Bolt and Sheathing COPPER. COPPER WIRE AND RIVETS. Importers and Dealers in ingot Copper, Block Tin, Speliter, ey Antimony, etc. 49 CLIFF ST., NEW YORK Brass |SHEET AND TUBING Copper | WIRE. Lamp Geods of all Kinds, BRASS AND COPPER GOODS In Great Varieties, ‘THE IRON AGE. TuHurspay, May 18, 1899. The Heyl & Patterson Casting Machine. Heyl & Patterson of Pittsburgh, Pa., have designed and built for the Cambria Steel Company of Johnstown, Pa., a pig iron casting plant, the principal features of which are shown in the accompanying engravings. The Johnstown plant, which is a double one, was put in suc- cessful operation in the early part of February, the capacity being 1500 tons in 24 hours. Heyl & Patterson have under contract now plants for the Palmer Ship Building & Iron Company at Jarrow-on-Tyne, England, and for the National Steel Company at the Youngstown allow the pigs to be loaded on wooden cars. The molds are carried up a considerable incline in order to discharge the pigs at a sufficient hight to load in railroad cars. It is entirely practicable to make this grade steeper and attain a much greater hight if desired. Fig. 3 shows the head or discharge end. The two strings of molds are driven from a pinion shaft, each pinion being equipped with a friction clutch. One or both conveyors may be operated at pleasure. At the head end the molds are inverted and finall pass over two furnaces, whose position is shown in Fig. 1, and whose general appearance is indicated in Fig. 4. Fig. 2.—View Toward Discharging End, THE HEYL & PATTERSON PIG IRON CASTING MACHINE. furnaces of the Ohio Steel Company. now building. As is shown in the engravings the apparatus consists of a steel frame combining a water tank and upper and lower parallel tracks, a pair of chains carrying pressed steel molds or pans, into which the liquid metal is poured from the ladle through intervening runners so arranged that the stream to two or more lines of molds can be equalized. The general arrangement is indicated in Fig. 1, a general elevation. The iron is poured from the ladle into the molds while they are traveling toward the left at such a level as to be partially immersed in water. In this man- ner they continue to travel for a sufficient length of time to allow the metal to set. Then the molds are sub- merged, as is shown in Fig. 2, traveling for a considerable distance through the water tank to cool them enough to They are mounted on wheels, so that they may be with- drawn when it is necessary to stop the machinery for short periods of time. Gas, coal or crude oil is used as a fuel, and since the molds are still damp when they reach the furnace a heavy deposit of soot or carbon adheres to the inner surface and the lips of the molds. The point is made that owing to this deposit of soot molds with large overhanging lips can be used, since the deposit of carbon prevents the molten iron, which falls on the lip as it passes through the stream, from adhering to or chilling, so that the pigs are all freely discharged at the head end. The advantage of molds with long overlapping lips is that there is an allowance for considerable wear at each joint in the chain before it becomes necessary to replace the links. The chain links are 24-inch pitch with a a 2 2 inches diameter through the axles, which form the pins of the chain, and &8-inch chilled traction wheels on the ends of the axle. The power required for the Johnstown plant when running at full capacity is 14 horse-power. ae _.. The British Columbia Mineral Output — ‘ToRONTO, May 16, 1899.—J. Fred. Hume, Minister of Mines for British,Columbia, has just issued his report for 1898. It is a somewhat bulky volume and contains besides the statistics of production an account of developments == ; = —~ , PTA a —$—_ THE IRON Yy + = AGE. May 18, 1899 Silver follows, with a valuation of $2,375,841, as against $3,272,836 in 1897. The lead output is valued at $1,077,581, as against $1,390,517 in 1897. The decline in these two metals, especially marked in silver, is attributed by the provincial mineralogist to the drop that took place in sil ver during the latter part of 1897 and the beginning of i898. Though the price rose when the war between the United States and Spain was far advanced it was too late to begin operations for the season. Following upon the increase in the American lead duties the drop in silver told severely, not only upon several working mines but also upon the development of many claims. Also the gold output was kept down, but by another influence, which yy) My ix MT = ace L Fig. 3.—View of Discharge End. THE HEYL & PATTERSON PIG IRON CASTING MACHINE. which have not yet reached the productive stage. It is liberally illustrated. The total value of the mineral out- put for the year amounted to nearly 311,000.000. the actual figares being $10,906,861, as against $10,455,268 in 1897. To this sum the largest contribution was made by the coal mines of the provinces, their product being valued at $3,407,595, as against $2,648 562 in 1897. the coal mines make so great a showing, either in quan- tity or value. Of the 1 135,865 tons produced, all but 9334 tons from the Crow's Nest Pass came from the collieries of Vancouver Island. The Crow’s Nest Pass mines had just become producers when the year closed. They will figure largely, it is expected, in the present year’s output as they are opened, as there are many coke ovens now lighted in their vicinity, and as there is railroad commu- nication between them and the gold and silver lead camps of West Kootenay. Next to coal comes gold, the yield of which is valued at $2,844,563, as against $2,636,340 in 1897. Never before did operated as well against the silver lead mines. The influ- ence in question was the expectation of early direct rail- way connection with the East and with the coal mines of the Crow’s Nest Pass, through the extension of the Canadian Pacific Railway. As that line was expected to be the means of effecting great economies in the cost of production, owners of properties slowed down or alto- gether deferred the development work, which could be done so much more cheaply in a few months. Thus there was a comparatively restricted output of all metals in the Kootenay district. Now that the road is built and so many properties have been brought to the eve of produc- tion it is believed that 1899 will show a very great increase over 1898. Copper showed a large gain, there being 7,271,678 pounds produced in 1898 at a value of $874,871, as against 5,325,180 pounds in 1897, valued at $266,258. Thus, though the increase in quantity was less than 50 per cent., the increase in total value was more than 300 per May 18, 1899 cent. Of the mining divisions Slocan. the great silver lead camp, remains the most productive. its output being valued at $2,619.852, while that of Trail Creek (Rossland), valued at $2,470,811, comes next. Though silver and lead both show a great falling off from the figures of 1897 the output of the silver lead ores still exceeds that of all other ores, 1t8 aggregate value being $3,453,422. Of the 1,802,- 373 tons of coal imported into California in 1898, 651,2u8 tons were supplied by British Columbia. An idea of the economy which will be realized in the treatment of the Kootenay ores and which will thus stimulate mining operations is afforded by the following comparative figures: In the past the freight rate on coal and coke from the coast to Nelson has been $5.25 per ton; now the freight rate from the Crow’s Nest Pass to Nelson is only $2.25 per ton. Heretofore coal laid down from the coast cost $10 per ton at Nelson; now, laid down from the Crow’s Nest Pass, it costs only $5.75. Similarly coke . ai — pe Pa Pl ~ , ~ 22, tA PO), a be a fa y a’. Cine . = De tg i =" + fet} nse <9 SAG OE Sexe |'.| - iy b + 19 14 yin | S ee "one ae eee : — 5 . A é : THE IRON AGE. New Lake Copper Explorations. The Wisconsin State Government has authorized a State geological survey of the westerly continuation of the conglomerate copper formation that extends from the Ontonagon and Houghton regions west along the south shores of Lake Superior, and down into the St. Croix River valley, almost to the Minnesota State line in the vicinity of Burnett County. Prof. C. R. Van Hise. well known from his connection with State and National sur veys, and U. S. Grant, of the Minnesota survey. have looked over the ground and have begun work ina pre- liminary way. They will start in earnest shortly. In the past few months very great interest has been‘taken in the copper rocks of Douglas, Burnett and Bayfield counties Wisconsin, and several companies have been organized and are now busily prospecting and exploring. There are cer | Seis | eet —_— mame ger * he ; 42 at = reqs Fig. 1.—General Arrangement. rr . AAAI SE ANATTARUITAIA WCU TTT = Il } | } HHI LD 2920 294959 999990%0400 ok i! foo e096 9 8 4 9939.4 9499 64049000 999900900909000% » HTT ‘ iit) i WANT THY NL WH \} | Ht HH} Hilal! } vil] ' f ul | i} ' AH | o Ct Hult} Wi] RUTH H ; & | = I CI 5 | ex . = te = | “ a) ea a - y =, w|i) : SH =| | oe = | —— Fig. 4.—The Mold Drying Furnaces. THE HEYL & PATTERSON PIG IRON CASTING MACHINE. has been reduced from $11 to $7 per ton. At Fernie, in the Pass, 30 bee-hive coke ovens have been built. It is the intention to erect 200 inall. As to the quantity of coal in the Crow’s Nest deposits, the provincial mineral- ogist shows that there are three series of seams. In the first, the Elk River basin. there are 12 seams of bituminous; in the second, the Michel Creek basin, there are 7, also bi- tuminous; in the third there are 15 seams of cannel coal. The Elk River seams vary in thickness from 3 to 30 feet In the Elk River basin alone there is an available tonnage estimated at 16,443,900,000 tons. The total deposits of all the seams of the pass will doubtless amount to several times this quantity. But the known deposits of the coal area exposed at the Pass are believed to be but asmall part of the whole. ‘‘ There is every reason to believe,’’ says the provincial mineralogist, ‘‘that future prosperity will prove the possibly productive area to be practically of unlimited extent.’ As to quality, analyses 0.78 per cent. water, 20.24 per cent. volatile matter, 76.25 per cent. car- bon and 2.73 per cent. ash. The superintendent of one of the largest smelters is quoted in the report as saying that he could accomplish as much with 135 pounds of Crow’s Nest coke as he could with 150 pounds of any other cokes ne had used. ©. A. C.J. tainly some remarkable showings, and it is no wonder that those interested are enthusiastic to the last degree. Some of the copper taken from the Percival, Boston and Superior and Fond du Lac properties is really very en- couraging, as your correspondent can vouch. It looks as if something really worth while was to be discovered there, and that a very considerable industry might grow up. It has long been known that the formation in this region was identical with that of the copper region of Ontonagon and Houghton counties, where are the now great mines of the lake region. On the north side of Lake Superior, not far from Duluth, the amygdaloid rocks come to the surface and explorations are in progress for copper. Those interested state that they are thoroughly satisfied with present developments, but the general pub- lic knows little about what is going on. If copper stays at a price above 15 cents these developments will probably continue till the question of the deposits is reasonably settled. pan! ees J. W. Gephart of Bellefonte, Pa., represents the pur- chasers of the Collins blast furnace, at Bellefonte, Pa. It is hoped to blow it in by July 1. = = ~ Sancé ee FAS - Saw ee THE IRON Rolling Mill Fly Wheels.* BY JOHN FRITZ, BETHLEHEM, PA. In the early days of rolling mills the machinery was of the crudest character. The men who built and looked after it were called millwrights or forge carpenters; con- sequently, wood was used in its construction to as great an extent as was possible. All of the earlier fly wheels, as you will see by the tracing, had wooden arms; at least so far. as I know, and Fig. 4 shows the general way of Seale, 4-1 Ft. ROLLING MILL fitting themin. They were made of hardwood, locust or white oak preferred, and about 6 to 8 inches im thickness, width as per tracing Figs. 1, 2 and 4 give the plan of securing the rims of the wheels together. The segments are in halves and secured together with gibs and keys, same as shown in Fig. 4. Having no machine tools when these wheels were built they were put together practieally as the cast- ings came from the foundry, with the lumps and swells chipped off with a two handed chisel and sledge, which naturally caused a weak wheel. They were made of cold blast charcoal iron, which was greatly in their favor, and no doubt this fact prevented many accidents. In the course of time the millwright and carpenter were displaced by the machinist, and with the introduc- tion of machine tools, especially the planer, the wheels * Paper presented at the Washington meeting of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers AGE. May 18, 1899 uence e of were better fitted up, but not much safer, in con of the use of iron made from mineral coal in p charcoal. The machinist now became the mechanical engineer, and wood not being his forte he made the fly wheel all of cast iron, as shown in Fig. 3. The center, arms and seg- ments were cast separately, and had the ends of the seg- ments been well fitted together the wheel would have given no trouble. The slots for the tees were unfor- tunately too close to the end of the segment; the result was that they pulled the end of the casting off, and we had to chip grooves across the face of the wheel and put heavy links around them, as shown on tracing, Fig. 2, which made a good wheel out of it. This was done in 1854, and I think the wheel is yet in use, but never ran at high speed. Not considering these wheels safe I was in constant fear of their going to pieces, which is generally attended with the most disastrous results. I abandoned entirely the old mode of making wheels, and adopted plan No. 5, casting the center and arms together and the rim in one piece, with lugs on the inside of the rim, as shown on | ee es Scale, 1=6 Ft. Scale, 1g" 1 Ft. Fig. 5. | wo | Scale, 4 =1 Ft. Fig. |. YS ~ nd ine FLY WHEELS. tracing, Fig. 5. On the ends of the arms were pads to correspond with the lugsonrim. When the arms were put in the rim there was a space of about lg inch, in which oakum was driven tightly, which kept the arms in place. This made an excellent wheel, and in some cases wood was used to fill the space in which thin steel keys were driven. There are several of these wheels that have been in use over 35 years, and so far as I know never have given any trouble. The wheels were 20 feet in diameter, with rims about 12 inches square. ¢ “—* @& 4 With the introduction of steel for rails and structural material it became necessary to increase the diameter of rolls. This change necessitated heavier wheels and larger in diameter, which made it impracticable to use solid rimmed wheels; consequently some plan that was portable had to be adopted. After much thought the plan repre- sented by Fig. 6 was concluded the best and safest, and there are now a number of wheels of this*type‘in use, May 18, 1899 varying in diameter from 20 to 30 feet. I do not know that any one of: them has ever given a particle of trouble in any way, and there are a number of wheels, as per Fig. 6, that have been in use for 25 years, some of which have and are daily liable to encounter the most severe strains that it is possible for a fly wheel to be subjected to. and are to-day apparently as safe as the day they were started. It bas been said that fly wheels go to pieces in conse- quence of the irregular work, and engines driving dynamos for power purposes have been included in this class; but the Strain on a fly wheel driving a dynamo cannot be com- pared with that of a rolling mill. In the former the work occasionally varies from nil to full power, while that of an engine driving a rail mill changes from nil to prac- tically full power 12 times while rolling a single rail, which requires about one minute. _ Let us for a moment think of a fly wheel 26 feet in diameter, 16-inch rim, making from 70 to 80 revolutions per minute, rolling a steel bloom intoa rail. When about one-half done, say about 16 feet in length, instead of the plece going straight out through the rolls on the guides, as intended, it sometimes wedges in the groove, and in Jess than a second of time it has completely encircled the Gcale, \'=1 Foot. THE IRON AGE. 5 to the planer table. Then a boring bar is arranged to bore out the hole and face it off toa given distance from the center for the shoulder of the arm to rest on. There are small chipping pieces on both inner sides of the receptacle for the arm. They are planed off at the same setting to the proper and uniform width and true to the center. This finishes the center. Next the arm goes on the planer and is set true to the average center, and with a socket on the end of the boring bar with inside cutters the end of the arm is turned off, and the shoulder is faced off to the proper length for the arm to rest on; so at this setting the chipping picce on the upper side of arm, as it lies on the planer, corresponding with the same in the center, is planed off and the average center of the segment is also carefully taken and correctly worked. After the arms are thus far finished they are placed on the planer again, the other side up, and a socket is made to fit over the end of the arm, which goes into the socket and against the shoulder. On the opposite end of the socket is a hole bored, say 14% or 2 inches in diameter. The length of arm must be, from the center of the hole to the bottom of socket which arm rests on, the same as the SECTION on C-D. ti; Z fm | {0)} ag vali Fig. 6.—The Fritz Fly Wheel. ROLLING MILL FLY WHEELS. Toll and forms what in rolling mill phrase is called a collar, and continues to wind around the roll until some thing must happen, either the breaking of a roll, a spindle or coupling, or the engine must be brought to a standstill in an almost incredibly short space of time. The tortion on the spindles and couplings is so great that it causes the wheel to rebound. To calculate the strain the wheel is sub jected to under these conditions will require some one better posted in mathematics than I am Having alluded to the fact that the introduction of steel in various forms required larger rolls, heavier wheels and larger in diameter, which made it impracticable to use a solid rimmed wheel, led to the adoption of plan of wheel Fig. 6; the tracing makes it so plain that it wants but little explanation. The segment is cast hollow and also the arms, which are made at the ends to compare in thickness to the segment, so as to relieve them of strains which might occur if the segments were cast solid. The holes in the segments are small at the ends, so as to make up for the metai taken out for the tees. The links or tees are different lengths, so that the strain on the segments will not come all at one place, and by using oil tempered steel in the links or double tees the rim will be practically as strong at the joints as it is elsewhere. In fitting up the wheel the center is bored out and the ends of the hub faced off. It then is taken to the planer, -and a center guide plate for the hub is made and bolted distance from the face upon which the arm rests to the center of the hole in shaft. Next secure a pin on the planer bed to correspond in size with the hole in the end of socket piece. Then put the socket on the end of the arm and on the pin; then bolt the arm down true on the side that is planed and finish to the proper size. When'this is done find the exact length of the segment and set it in line with the center and you have the exact angle, and when all is done correctly the wheel will fit together without a chisel or a file being used on it, and will run true without turning, minus the irregularities in the castings. You will notice there are no abrupt changes in the thickness of the castings. thus avoiding as much as possi- ble the liability of strains. The joints in the segments are generally the weak part of the wheel. In this respect a wheel made from this drawing will be stronger than the original, as the tees in the segments in the wheel now in use were made of wrought tron and will probably not stand over 50,000 pounds tensile per square inch, while in this wheel, if I was to build another, I would use steel that would stand at least 85,009 pounds tensile. This would make the joints practically as strong as the seg- ments. It will be noticed on tracing there is a space in the center of about '4 inch in front and rear side of each arm. This is filled with oakum and driven hard, after the wheel —— - j } } 1 ee a tit: a 2 ~ we 6 THE IRON AGE. is finished and in place, to keep the arm from yielding in the direction of the strain, and at the same time greatly lessens the work of fitting up the wheel. The 1%4-inch round holes shown on tracing through the center and arm are reamed out, and steel pins made and turned so that they will drive in snugly. The bolt shown in segment in Fig. 3 does not belong to this wheel, but was simply put in there to show the plan that in many cases was adopted to make the wheels more secure, and is used to some extent at this time. Discussion. Professor Kerr said tbat the rim of the perfect wheel should be free to expand as a whole independently of the spokes. This end was accomplished by Mr. Fritz in the wheel shown in Fig. 5, in which grooves are formed in the rim in which the ends of the spokes enter. In this case the rim is free to expand as a whole and the strains put upon it, due to} centrifugal action, are alike and evenly distributed. There are two extremes in the design of a fly wheel—the disk and the free rim. The former introduces undue weight. The latter elimi- nates those strains which are present in afrigid construc- tion where the spider and rim are united. An examina- tion of fly wheel accidents shows that the breaks occur where the greatest stress naturally falls when the wheel is rotating. The ssoke cand rim segment, Fig. 7, are in one piece and the tendency is to throw out the center of the segment ata. This tends to rupture at b and also at a the outside of the rim at a point midway betwe n the big. 7.—Strain on Rim. ROLLING MILL FLY WHEELS. spokes. The rim free from the spokes does away with these strains and obviates the danger of the rim giving Way at the points mentioned. Mr. Henning said that the design of Mr. Fritz did away with material where it was not needed and also where it is of the poorest quality, at b. It permits of increasing the material where strength is needed. Fur- ther the shrinkage stresses are so governed and disposed that they do not interfere with each other. After Mr. Fritz had explained that one of these wheels had never broken even under the hard service of the rolling mill, a member said ‘‘ that those fellows who have built wheels that have broken should go and do likewise.”’ It was the general opinion of the members that the wheel described filled all the conditions in the most satisfactory manner. The Continental Coke Company. Last week a transaction was concluded by which the Continental Coke Company, an interest of the National Steel Company, purchased 717 acres of choice coal lands in the Connellsville region. The tract is known as the J. V. Thompson tract and adjoins the 1312 acres which the Continental Coke Company bought some time ago from H. ©. Frick personally. The whole tract is in Georges and South Union townships, right in the heart of the Con- nelisville region, and the coal is a fine quality, the price paid for the 717 acres being $1100 an acre, or $788,700 for the whole tract. Connection with the Southwest Rail- road can be made from tne Coal Lick Run branch, on which the tract is located. Plans will be drawn imme- diately for the building of 600 coke ovens of the standard beehive type of the Connellsville region, and mines will be opened and shafts sunk. oh The trustees of Columbia University have approved the agreement with a committee representing the New York Chamber of Commerce, whereby the interest on a May 18, 1899 sum of $100,000, raised by public subscription, will be paid to the widow and daughter of the late Col. George E. Waring, Jr., for life, and will then be used to found the Waring Municipal Fund, which will be spent in sus- taining a chair of instruction in municipal affairs at the Columbia University. An offer of the New York Cham- ber of Commerce to defray the expenses of a course on Commerce at the university was also accepted. This course, which will require $15,000 a year, is to be under the exclusive control of the university trustees. gt The Amalgamated Association. The twenty fourth annual convention of the Amalga- mated Association of Iron, Steel and Tin Workers will be held in Detroit, Mich., this week, commencing Tuesday, May 16. It is expected for several reasons that this will be one of the largest and most important conventions of this labor organization ever held. It is certain that the scale of wages for puddling and bar mills and sheet and tin plate mills will be on a higher rate than the scale which expires on June 30. Instead of treating with the mills individually as heretofore, the scales for the puddling and bar mills this year will be taken up with the recently organized Republic [ron & Steel Company, which concern have taken over most of the leading bar mills in the Central West. The scale for the tin plate mills will be taken up with officials of the American Tin Plate Com- pany, and it is understood that both the Republic Iron & Steel and American Tin Plate Companies have arranged to send representatives to Detroit during the convention for the purpose of settling the scales before the meetings are concluded. It has been customary for the Amalga- mated Association in previous years to insist upon a shut down in the summer of anywhere from two weeks to a month or six weeks, the claim being made that the hot weather was extremely hard on the men and tiat they were in absolute need of a vacation. Owing to the tre mendous activity in the iron and steel trades it is believed _that some arrangement will be effected with the associa- tion by which the annual shut down of the mills will be avoided for this year. It will be pointed out to the men that such a season of activity as now exists may not come again for several years, and it will be to the interests of the men as well as to the mills to take full advantage of it. It is practically certain that the new boiling scale will be on a $5 basis on a | cent card, instead of a $4 basis as at present, an advance of $1 a ton. The wage scale already adopted for the sheet and tin plate mills by the Wage Committees is based on a consid- erably higher rate than the present scale Notwithstand- ing the fact that the advances in wages asked are quite heavy it is believed that an early settlement will be reached and the mills will continue in uninterrupted operation. The past year has been one of considerable prosperity to the Amalgamated Association. Under the vigorous leadership of President Shaffer very large accessions to the membership have been made. It is stated that in some districts the membership has been increased as much as 75 per cent. and down to 25 per cent. in other places. It is expected that the present officials will be re-elected. These consist of Theo. J. Shaffer, president; John Wil- liams, secretary and treasurer, and Stephen Madden, assistant secretary. It is also probable that President Shaffer will ask for the appointment of an assistant as pa organizer, since the work has become so heavy of ate. —_— ——_—- The Miami Cycle Company of Middletown, Ohio, have been awarded a contract for a large quantity of 5-inch shrapnel shells, of an improved form of their own design, which is especially commended by the United States Government authorities at Washington, D.C. The Peters Cartridge Company of Cincinnati, Ohio, received an or- der for several carloads of bullets to apply on the same contract, which are now being produced with the utmost rapidity. P. Pasquier of the St. Fiacre Works, Monceau-sur- Sambre, France, publishes in the Revue Universelle des Mines the first instalment of a series of articles on the manufacture of tin plate. A feature is the close attention paid to American appliances, there being illustrations of the Booth Garrison, Lewis, Leechburg, Frank-Kneeland, Totten and other hot mills. The American Wrecking & Salvage Company of De- troit, Mich., are about to resume the work of removing the copper from the wreck of the steamship “ Pewabic,” in Thunder Bay, Lake Huron. There is about 200 tons of copper yet aboard the boat. The price of copper has nearly doubled since the work began two years ago. May 18, 1899 The Defiance Automatic Combined Spoke and Handle Lathe. The Defiance Machine Works of Defiance, Obio, build the lathe illustrated for turning and squaring spokes for wagon and carriage wheels, having the necessary adjust- ments for making common, Sarven patent or sharp edged shapes. It will turn either light hickory spokes or heavy spokes for truck and artillery wheels up to 5 inches diameter by 42 inches long. It 1s furnished with extra cutter heads and cams for turning round and oval single- THE IRON AGE. 4 holes through the table, upon which it vibrates for oval turning. At the opposite end on the head center spindle a cast iron cam is placed of whatever shape desired to turn; the cam rides against an upright shoe extending up from the lower table, and is held snug against the shoe by a coiled spring. When the table is meved toward tke cylinder to where the turning shali begin an automatic feed slowly rotates the object to be turned, and the cam revolving against the shoe oscillates the upper table in a path corresponding with the shape of the cam. When the pivot is placed directly opposite the tail center the machine will turn the material round at the tail center end with a gradual change in shape toward the opposite end, at which point the turning will agree with the shape of cam. Long oval or irregular turning, when both ends are required to agree in shape, is turned with the vibrat- ing table locked to the lower half, with the cam revolving against a shoe fastened to the frame, thus vibrating both tables alike at each end. The diameter of turning is regu- lated with graduating screws, having adjustments suffi- cient to turn work from 14 to 6 inches diameter. >.The tail center can be quickly adjusted to the desired ‘distance Aili Same ~ ¢ PY = THE DEFIANCE AUTOMATIC COMBINED SPOKE AND HANDLE LATHE. trees, hammer, hatchet maul, railroad and mining pick handles and double bitted axe helves. The body of the machine supporting the working parts is a heavy one-piece casting having cored center and broad base. The cylinder is composed of a sufficient number of cutter heads placed side by side upon a 244-inch steel spindle to fill the length of turning. Each head is provided with three cutters, with 3 inch face, which lap over each other, forming a continuous cutting edge over the entire length of cylinder, to turn the full length at one cut. The heads are secured to the spindle by friction binder. The table is constructed in two parts, and it is gibbed and slides upon the frame in angleways moved to and from the cutters by either hand or foot lever; the upper portion supporting the centers is pivoted to the lower half near the tail center bv a steel pivot, in one of the several from the spur center for short or long turning or at right angles for straight or taper turning. The swinging cutter head advances or retreats from the work automatically; its position is governed by the movement of the table; it is brought down to its work at the same time the turning commences, and when the table is moved backward to remove the turned material from the centers it is lifted out of the way by a spring balance; its action upon the turning is governed by a cam upon the live center spindle and it will follow the path of either a square cam for squaring the head of spokes or oval, oblong, hexagon or octagon shapes suited to finishing the eye end of handies, having the necessary adjustments to turn tapering in either direction, as well as the different diameters. The blanks are placed in the machine and removed without stopping. ” ogif> . < eee eerie mee ee o seams seca > See ad ORR Te aa See Ne so -men en r Pig Iron Analysis. A Comparative Statement of Results Obtained by Different Chemists from the Same Piece of Pig tron. BY EDMUND E. JOHNSTON, CHEMIST, ASHLAND IRON & STEEL COMPANY, ASHLAND, WIS. I read with a great deal of interest Thomas D. West's article in the Jron Trade Review of April 14, 1898, en- titled *‘ Need of Greater Uniformity in Pig Iron Analysis,” also the discussion in the preceding numbers, ** How to Secure Uniformity in Pig Iron Analysis.”’ It is the writer’s belief that the variations in the differ- ent results obtained by Mr. West are not wholly due to the methods of analysis, but largely to discrepancies in the samples themselves. The most important point is in taking the samples for analysis. If more care were exer- cised the chemist would not obtain such discordant results. It is a very difficult matter to mix and subdivide a large quantity of pig iron borings so that the various samples will check. Irregularities in the sample are inevitable. Having had practical experience along this line, and realizing the importance of the questions raised, the writer issued a circular letter and sent out with it a carefully prepared sample of pig iron borings to the chemists of a number of the blast furnaces and steel works. I asked that a complete analysis be made and re- ported to me, with the methods used in each determina- tion. Some fifty replies were received. They are inter- esting and suggestive. I have tabulated them, as shown on the following pages, and herewith present them for the consideration of the profession and as a contribution to the general subject of ‘‘ Pig Iron Analysis.” hese results were obtained from borings from a pig of our No. 1 “Hinkle” iron. The borings were taken with a 4%" twist drill. The pig was cut into halves lengthwise and its surface planed. The face of the pig showed no flaws, the iron being close and even grained. Borings were taken along this planed surface at intervals of every 15", making two rows 1” apart. Each sam- ple, therefore, represents a hole 4%" wide by 2” deep, and it weighs from 45 to 50 grammes. Without any further preparation each sample was put into a glass bottle, sealed, and marked according to the number of the hole from which it came. Fifty samples were taken altogether. It may perhaps be well to state that the results obtained by the chemists contributing to this paper were arrived at independently. It is therefore valuable and interesting, as showing that the method of grading pig iron by anal- ysis is a reliable one when properly conducted. Methods Used in Opposite Table. A —Dr. Drown's. A*—Dr. Drown’s modified. Al—Si and P solution in HCl and HNO3, evaporate to dryness; ee taken up in HCl; ignite and weigh silica. A2—S. A. Ford's. A3—Solution in HCI, evaporate to dryness. take up with HCl, filter, ignite and weigh. B —James O. Handy’s. Bl—Emmerton’s. B*—Emmerton’s modified. B2—Magnesia method. B3—Weighing the yellow ppc. 64—International Steel Standard f _ Com. method. B5—E. F. Wood's. C —Volhard’s. C*—Volhard’s modified. Cl—Precipitating Mn in con. HNO3 with KCiO03, making a basic acetate separation of the iron and weighing the Mn as pyro- . «Phosphate. C2—William’s. C3- Ford and William's. C4i—Julian’s. C5—Colormetric method. C6é—Gravimetric method (Blair's Chem. ‘ Anal. Iron, 3rd Ed.). —Basic acetate, weighing as Mn304. C8— S. A. Ford's, D —Evolution method, titrating with iodine solution. Di—Bramble’s. D2—Aqua-regia method. D3—Dnudley’s. D4—Gravimetric, by solution in strong nitric acid precipitation with ¥ barium chloride E —Combined carbon by subtracting the graphitic from the total _ carbon E1—By color, using standards of known per cent. F —Solution in nitric acid, combustion in chromic and sulphuric acid. Fl- oe in nitric acid, combustion in oxygen, using a platinum ube. F2—Solution in hydrochloric acid, combustion in chromic and sul- me phuric acid. F3—Solution in hydrochloric acid, combustion in oxygen, using a a platinum tube. F4—Solution in hydrochloric acid, combustion in oxygen and collect- _ . Jng gas in barium hydrate; ignite and weigh. F5 Solution in nitric acid, weighing graphite on weighed filter. F6 Koesten’'s Solution in nitric acid, combustion in oxygen, collecting gas in : barium hydrate; ignite and weigh. G —Solution in double chloride of potassium and copper, combustion . _ in chromic and sulphuric acid. G1—Solution as in G, combustion in oxygen, using platinum tube. G2—Solution as in G. combustion in oxygen, collecting gas in barium hydrate solution; ignite and weigh G3—The sum of combined and graphitic carbons Gi—Regnalt's Abstracts from Chemists’ Reports. The averages given in columns marked *‘ Details,”* 1, 3, 5,7, 9, 11, and 18, namely: 1.261 silicon; .1762 phosphorus, &c., are considered to be the correct results, because in mak- THE IRON AGE. May 18. 1899 ing these, each separate determination is considered and therefore has equal weight. If the average be taken of the mean results of each chemist’s work, as shown in columns number ** Average ”’ 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 respectively, these might represent the general average of the various laboratories. {[n order to make the record as complete as possible the following extracts from the reports rendered are given in explanation of the results obtained. HoLe 8.—Bertrand S. Somers says: ‘Silicon was de- termined by Drown’s method as described in the third edition of Blair’s, with the exception that the silicon is not volatilized. For manganese the method identical with Williams’ was used, except we use acidulated hydrogen peroxide instead of ferrous sulphate. The platinum tube furnace used in determining carbon will be found de- scribed in a paper by the writer in Vol. xvi, page 1087, of the ‘ Proceedings of the American Chemical Society.’ ”’ Mr. Summers requested that we send him more drill- ings to check his results. He reported that the results obtained on graphite varied considerably, running as high as 3.83 per cent. when only a few drillings were left in the sample. It is evident that, being so rich in graphite, a concentration of this metalloid had taken place through frequent handling and sampling. ‘‘ When the sample was not well mixed,’’ he continues, ‘‘ we got as low as 3.41 per cent. Finally, after taking great care to mix the sam- ple and endeavoring to get uniform distribution of graphite in the sample, we obtained concordant results.” OLE 11.—Mr. Blair asked for a second lot of drillings that he might check his results on phosphorus by the ‘** Acetate Method.”’ A second lot taken from the same hole was sent him, on which he reports phosphorus .167 per cent. He says: ‘“‘ Check determination was also made on the sulphur by the Bramble method, which gave .031 per cent.; a blank determination was run along with it.”’ Hoe 17.—E. E. Johnston: ‘‘ The train of apparatus used in making the carbon determinations is described in Jno. W. Langley’s report at the October meeting of the Am. Inst. of Min. Eng. in Pittsburgh, 1890.” Hoe 18.—Mr. Carlsson says: ** The train of apparatus used in carbon determination is described at length in * Jour. Am. Chem. So.’ 1893.” Hoe 19.—Mr. Goodrich requested that we send him different samples from the same pig. I sent him samples from Holes 7, 13, 24, 28, and 39 respectively. These five were thoroughly mixed by Mr. rich and determined for silicon of phosphorus. The silicon went 1.31 per cent. and the phosphorus .169 per cent HOLE 21.—Mr. Clifton says: ‘‘ The method used in our laboratory can be found in the ‘‘ Proceedings of the Eng. So. of Western Pa. (Vol. x1i, e 76)."” Hoe 23.—E. E. Johnston: *‘ The method used in mak- ing the carbon determination is a modification of Uligren.”’ Hote 25.—Mr. Rogers reports: *‘ Great care was exer- cised in making the determinations, duplicates agreeing quite closely.”” A more detailed account of the method used by the writer can be found on page 45, in ‘* Methods of Iron Analysis,”’ recently published by the Chem. Pub. Co., Easton, Pa. Hove 31.—Mr. Textor says: ‘‘ The modification used in the silicon determination is one of my own, as follows: After evaporating to SO3 fumes, 15 c. c. of a solution of CrO8 (15 gr. CrO8 to 100 c. c. H2O) are added to con- tents of evaporating dish, and solution again evaporated : add water, boil, filter, &c. By this treatment graphite is almost wholly destroyed, rendering filtrating quicker and shortening time of ignition. Phosphorus was determined by E. F. Wood’s method, oxidizing with HNO3 solution of metal with CrO8 and weighing the yellow precipitate on single filter, dried at 100°-130° C. For manganese used Volhard’s method, modified by myself. Two grammes drill- ings dissolved in 35 c. c. HNO3 1.20 sp. gr. concentrated to 10 c. c., introduced into 500 c. c. flask, with 300 c. c. water added, then ZnO milk, small portions at a time, until iron is precipitated; dilute to mark, take 300 c. c., filter, boil, titrate with K2Mn208 solution. Sulphur, residue in flask is oxidized with Br in HCl; .008 per cent. was obtained in the residue.”’ HOLe 38.—Mr. Wyckobb says: ‘‘ I checked the sulphur by the iodine method, obtaining the same as in my former determination, .012 per cent.”’ Howe 40.—A. E. Outerbridge, Jr., says: ‘‘ Owing to rush of work was able to make but one determination.” HoLe 43.—Mr. McPherran: ‘“ Results on manganese were checked by Volhard’s method.”’ ‘ By examining the preceding tables it will be noticed that nearly all the chemists use the same method on sili- con, and many use the same method for phosphorus, manganese, and sulphur. 38 use Method A for silicon. 2 use Method A3 for silicon. 1 uses Method Al for silicon, 1 uses Method A2 for silicon. 1 uses Method A* for silicon. 17 use Method B1 for phosphorus. 12 use Method B for phosphorus. 7 use Method B3 for phosphorus. 8 use Method B82 for phosphorus. As for manganese, the methods are about equally distributed. 2 use Method Bi for phosphorus. 1 uses Method B5 for phosphorus. luses Method B1* for phosphorus. 29 use Method D for sulphur. 5 use Method D1 for sulphur. 3 use Method D2 for sulphur. 1 uses Method D3 for sulphur. 1 uses Method D4 for sulphur. May 18, 1899 ‘ =\z| SILICON | 2! *| 2 | Dealt 2 AR ails Average - =k 1 2 & 7 . ‘ es Wm. Wilkins, Cleveland; Cliffs 1. Co., | 1.285 jladstone, Mich . 1A} 1.28 1.2825 B1 Ino. P. Griffiths, Antrim I. Co Macelona, Mich . 2, A} 1.28 1.28 (B81 Jno. K. Mackenzie, Dickman & M Chicago, I ’ 3/)A/ 1.21 1.21 (Bl Cremer & Bicknell, Cleveland, 0 4'Ai1.22 122 B2 f. E. Johnston, Ashland I. & S. Co 1.24 Ashland, Wis «6A 1.26 1.25 iB Bertrand S. Summers, West. Electric Co 1.19 Chicago, Ill : &/A/ 1.21 1.20 Bi Jno. L. Harvey, Homestead Works, Sunhall, Pa ave 10/A/ 1.27 127 B3 Andrew A. Blair, Booth, Garret & B Philadelphia, Pa..... 11) A) 1.320 | 1.320 |B4 | Prof. E. D. Camphell, Ann Arbor, Mich.........ccc.---ceserseeceeerene 14/A) 1.30 1.30 \B3 F. A. Emmerton, | Cleveland, O...... . eoce