The Iron Age 1893-06-08: Vol 51

‘THE Twin Rim Drilling Machine for Bicycles. This machine was designed by the Rudolphi & Krummel Machine Works of 100 North Clinton street, Chicago, for drilling and counterboring the nipple or spoke holes of bicycle-wheel rims. The rim is firmly beld on an ex- panding chuck which sup- ports it at 12 points. The jaws of the chuck are per- ated by means of a center disk and connecting links swung on their inner ends from studs which can be quickly adjusted in slots provided for them in the centér disk, to suit rims of different diameters. The chuck, with the index plate in the back, can be raised by means of a hand wheel and screw. The index plate is worked by depressing the treadle, the disk being locked firmly while the drilling is beingdone. Any desired number of boles can be drilled by simply chang- ing the index plates. The drill spindles are adjustable in all directions to accommo- date any kind of wheel. Shoulder drills are used on this machine, which saves time and turns out accurate work. As the nipples rest perfectly in their seats the full strength of the spokes is utilized. The machine wiil take in wheels 24 to 32 inches in diameter. ———— — Load for Ball Bearings. In opening a topical dis- cussion before the Engi- neers’ Club of Philadelphia, Wilfred Lewis explained that the question was in- tended to cover roller bear- ings as well as ball bearings, and that in view of the large and increasing demand for these bearings, it was re- markable how little definite information could be ob- tained concerning them. Some time ago he wrote to a prominent manufacturer of ball bearings for such data as could be given in regard to the carrying ca- ity of hardened steel alls between plates of the same material, and in reply he was informed that almost nothiug was positively known. Some crude ex- periments had been made upon 2-inch balls, which showed them to have an ultimate strength of 2000 pounds, and a safe working limit of 400 pounds, but for car journals, in which the motion was continuous and rapid, 200 pounds per ball was recommended as preferable. Whether a 4-inch ball would carry twice as much or four times as much as a 4-inch ball, could not be stated, but the impression seemed to be that, over a given extent of surface, more load could be carried on small balls than on TWIN THURSDAY, JUNE 8, 1898, large ones. The effect of hardening was believed to increase tenfold the carrying capacity of a ball bearing. In regard to roller bearings, but one formula is known to be in common use. This makes the load carried by any given roll proportional to the square root of its diameter, and the general | adoption of this formula may be cred- | ited to the authority of the late C. } ay i ~ mH il ! MT y f if i Ca SS f ~~ @D il S se — — RIM DRILLING MACHINE FOR BICYCLES. Shaler Smith, while the investigation upon which it is based is said to be due to Professor Grashof. I The largest cash deal in real estate in New York of which there is any record was the sale of the siteof St. Luke’s Hospital, comprising a single square, 200 x 400 feet, on Fifth avenue above Fifty-fourth street, for $2,400,- 000. The price 50 years ago was $50,000. F | | IRON AGE Granite City. At the invitation of F.G. & W. F. Niedringhaus, about 100 gentlemen, representing the commercial interests of St. Louis, visited Granite City, Iil., the new city established by the Niedring- | haus Bros., on Saturday, the 27th | ult. The occasion of the visit was the opening of the new Union Depot and the breaking of ground for the new factor- ies of the St. Louis Stamp- ing Co. A special train was provided which conveyed the party to the ground, where they were shown over the city by F. G. Nied- ringhaus, after which they were invited to partake of a collation tendered. Ad- dresses were made by lead- ing citizens of St. Louis, who wished the new city every prosperity, and one and all took occasion to congratulate F. G. Nied- ringhaus, president of the St. Louis Stamping Compa- ny, upon the change which had been wrought in a place which a few months since contained nothing but trees and underbrush, but which to-day is a beautifully laid out tract. The city will con- tain the works of the St. Louis Stamping Company, comprising an open-hearth steel furnace, a rolling mill and stamping works, which will employ between 1200 and 1500 people. In addi- tion to this plant will be the machine shops of the St. Louis Chicago & St. Paul Railroad, the Goltra Steel Company, whose plant will occupy 5 acres, with a daily output of from 75 to 100 tons of steel, and a car spring and car coupler works will also be built. Granite City will contain an extensive and modern gas works, electric light works, a large and modern hotel, public schools and many residences, a number of which are already finished. Granite City is located in Illinois on the east side of the Mississippi River, about 2 miles from the city of St. Louis. Nineteen railroads give access to the East, as- suring cheap freight, rapid transit and no _ bridge charges. The city is also surrounded with a _ belt line, which connects it with every railroad centering in St. Louis, 27 in number, thus giving it all the rail- road advantages enjoyed by St. Louis itself. There are also 3 miles of river front, securing access to river nav- igation and at the same time river rates on freight. A free public library will be built. The coal fields adjoining this city supplied 4,000,000 tons of coal during the year 1892. We are informed that a saving of from $8 to $10 per car is , made on coal delivered in Granite City. rf { as ae eee So eee oe Swans When this is taken into consideration, and the railroad facilities are borne in mind, it is easily understood why the St. Louis Stamping Company and others have decided to move their plants to this point. There are a number of manufacturing concerns who are at present negotiating for ground on which to erect their plants, but the negotiations have not as yet reached a point where their names can be published. - LL Employees as Stockholders. President Fish of the Illinois Central Railroad Company has just issued, at Chicago, the following circular to the officers and employees of his road. It puts in practical shape a plan that has been for years talked about and has re- ceived considerable publicity : An expression on the part of many of the company’s officers and employees of a desire to invest their savings in the stock of the Illinois Central Railroad Company having reached the Board of Directors, they have thought that con- siderable saving in every department of the service could be effected by such a community of interest, and have author- ized me to make to each of you the fol- lowing offer, viz.: While the company have no stock for sale, they will assist any of their officers or employees to buy one share at a time at the fair market price, to be fixed when application is made, purchaser to pay for his shares in sums of $5 or multiples thereof. Payments may be made to the treasurer, the local treasurer in New Or- leans, the paymaster or the assistant paymaster. On the amounts so paid interest will be credited at the rate of 4 per cent. per annum, and when the sum at the credit of any purchaser amounts to the price at which the stock was bought, he shall receive a certifi- cate for his share of stock, and can then, if he wishes, begin the purchase of an other share. The certificate of stock is transferable on the company’s books, and entitles the owner to such divi- dends as may be declared by the Board of Directors, and to a vote in their elec- tion. Any cfticer or employee making pay- ments on this plan can have his money returned to him, with interest, on ap- plication, through the proper channels, to the head of the department in which he is employed. Should a purchaser make no further payments during 12 consecutive months interest shall then cease to accrue on his payments, and the sum at his credit will be returned to him with the ac- crued interest on application. In case a purchaser leaves the service of the company from any cause he must then either pay in full for his share and receive a certificate therefor or take his money with the interest accrued to the date of his leaving the service. The foregoing does not preclude the purchase of a large number of shares of stock for cash. Any employee desiring to so purchase should apply to either of the representa- tives of the treasury department named above, or to his immediate superior officer. I sincerely trust that this offer will be accepted in the spirit in which it is made, and will be generally availed of for our mutual benefit. ——$————— tre The assessed valuation of Detroit is nearly $15,000,000 larger than it was last year. THE [IRON AGE. WORLD'S FAIR NOTES. Pennsylvania’s Mining Exhibit, Pennsylvania’s pavilion in the Mining Building is just in front of the north entrance east of the main aisle. Step- ping into the pavilion the visitor passes between neatly finished glass cases con- taining 300 bottles filled with petroleum and petroleum products. In front of these cases stands a huge relief map of the State, 7 x 14 feet, showing the lo- cation of all coal and iron mines, oil and gas fields, blast furnaces, pipe lines and railroads. The most attractive feature in the exhibit is a complete working model of a coal mine and breaker. The model occupies a space 24x 8 feet. Nine engines are shown with the work they do from the time the coal is hauled up the inclines, dumped into screens, where it is assorted into sizes and loaded into railroad cars, while the mine cars return by gravity for fresh loads, Beside the model stands a little pa- vilion constructed to show the possi- bilities of slate. Every use to which slate can be put—for roofing, school slates, and so on—’s shown. At the west side stand 16 truncated pyramids, disposed in rectangular form, showing all the varieties of anthracite found in the anthracite region and also all the commercial sizes. Analyses of the dif- ferent varieties are exhibited. At the corners of the rectangle are glass cases 2 feet square and 8 feet high displaying the varieties of bituminous coal. A colored drawing is shown, illustrating the manufacture of zinc oxide and spiegeleisen. Another case contains samples of the 30 varieties of fire clay found in the State, crude and burnt, and the bricks made from it. Next to it are cases showing the va- rieties of tile clays, crude, floated, ground, unburnt, burnt, glazed and un- glazed. There are also samples of the 78 varieties of building stone in the State, finished and unfinished, shown at the north end of the pavilion. Then there are samples of the glass sands of the State, the different mixtures used for the various kinds of glass and speci- mens of the finished product. Soap- stone, nickel, manganese, iron ore and various stages in the manufacture of iron with charcoal, anthracite and bi- tuminous coal are to be seen. Near the model of the mine and breaker stands a primitive furnace, such as was used in the beginning of the iron industry. Grouped about it are the various tools used in mining. Upon the south and east walls are photo- graphs, charts and maps of geological and mineralogical surveys, relief maps and the like. In the center of the Mines Building not far distant stands what the Pennsylvanians call an anthra- cite ‘‘ needle.” It is a shaft of anthra- cite showing a vertical section through a 54-foot vein in Schuykill County, with the coal, slate seams, &c., in their proper place. A California Midwinter Fair, Californians in attendance at the World’s Fair have conceived the idea of holding a fair on the Pacific Coast next winter as a sequel to the Chicago fair. Having secured the necessary financial backing by correspondence with their home institutions, they have gone so far as to specifically announce that an ex- position will be given in Golden Gate Park, in San Francisco, which, opening on December 25 of this year, will be continued during a period of 25 weeks June 8, 18938 following. In the 25 vacant acres in Golden Gate Park four great buildings will be erected, and to these all the principal foreign exhibitors now having space in the World’s Fair buildings at Jackson Park will be asked to exhibit their wares before Californians and visitors from the East and West. From National Commissioner M. H. De Young of California came the orig- inal plan of the projected midwinter commercial World’s Fair. The vast ex- tent of the exhibits now at Jackson Park made the plan of putting them into smaller space seem scarcely feasi- ble. But the business interests repre- sented by the exhibitors and the small cost of transportation of those exbibits to California after the close of the World’s Fair here made the matter ap- pear in a more practical light. Then came in the consideration of Califor- nia’s glorious climate, a climate where autumnal sunshine fades into the quick- ening glow of springtime without a day of snow or an hour ot winter. Many exhibitors who had gone to enormous expense in making their short-time dis- play at Jackson Park hailed with de- light a chance to visit the great West, to them almost commercially unknown, and be afforded a chance to show their wares an? perhaps enter into commer- cial relations with States that they only knew from the pictures in illustrated geographies. During these little in- formal chats Commissioner De Young chanced to lay his plans before R. Cor- nely of the German commission and formerly director-general of the Bremen Exposition. Mr. Cornely hailed the plan as a great and glorious one. He immediately enlisted, and within a score of days following he had secured the verbal promise of over 2000 exhib- itors in the German, Italian, Swiss, French and Austrian sections to send the best they had in the showcase to Cali- fornia’s Commercial World’s Fair im- mediately after the gates at Jackson Park shall close. The Award System Modified, John Boyd Thacher, chairman of the Committee on Awards, has, it seems, at last yielded to the pressure brought to bear upon him by foreign and American exhibitors and modificd his interpreta- tion of the rules ‘governing the awards. On Tuesday of last week he addressed a letter to the foreign commissioners in which he intimated, it is said, that more than one examiner might be ap- pointed in case a desire to that effect were expressed by the commissioners, The communication was addressed to Camille Krantz, the French Commis- sioner General, who laid it before a meet- ing of foreign commissioners the same day. The letter was regarded as being conciliatory, but was not sutliciently clear to satisfythe members, and accord- ingly Mr. Thacher’s assistant, ex-Gov- ernor Hoyt, attended the session to elucidate the meaning of his chiet’s let- ter. After much questioning Mr. Hoyt made the statement that two or more examiners could be named to pass upon an individual exhibit instead of a single expert judge. This interpretation of the letter was regarded generally as being satisfactory, but to be certain of their ground the commissioners wanted a written statement from Mr. Thacher. They also complied with a previously expressed wish of his that a commit- tee be appointed to meet him and listen to his propositions. There were 30 com- missioners in attendance, and from their number they appointed a committee of five, as follows: James Dredge of Great Britain, Adolf Wermuth of Germany, ——————— June 8, 1893 Anton von Palitschek-Palmforst of | Austria, J. J. Grinlinton of Ceylon, and | Manuel Lemus of Guatemala. On Wednesday Mr. Thacher himself | went before the Special Committee of | Foreign Commissioners and told its | members they could have juries to pass upon their exhibits. He made this statement so clear that there was no misunderstanding his meaning. This was, of course, very gratifying to the commissioners. But Mr. Thacher did not entirely yield another point for which they have contended, and that is that the Departmental Committee shall have the exhibit written up by the per- son or persons whom they should desig- nate. At this time, however, it devel- oped that somebody had acted without authority in withdrawing the British exhibits from competition for awards. The secretary of the British commission advised the Foreign Affairs Department that the withdrawal was not approved by the commission. On Thursday Vice-Chairman King of the Executive Committee on Awards issued to Arthur Leffler, the secretary of the Foreign Commissioners’ Associa- tion, an authoritative statement of the attitude of the Bureau of Awards, in which it is denied that a one-judge sys- tem is to beadheredto. Nothing could be plainer or more conciliatory than the language in which this communication was couched, and it helped strongly to clear up all points of difference. Oa Fri- day the foreign commissioners met and | addressed a letter to Director-General Davis saying that they would consent to Mr. Thacher’s compromise if he gave as- surances that it would be carried out. The foreign delegates seemed to fear that Mr. Thacher would go back to the one- judge plan after they had restored their exhibits to competition. The commis- sioners still insist that the juries shall apportion the work among themselves instead of receiving instructions from Mr. Thacher. While they object to that feature of the plan it is probable that the representatives from Sweden, Norway, Japan, Italy, and perhaps sev- eral other nations, will come in for com- petition rather than have any further digcussion with Mr. Thacher. They have secured the jury system, and if that is the only concession they can get, they will accept it under protest. Thus, what might have proved a very disagree- able episode in an international fair hes very probably been so well settled that it will no longer vex officials and ex- hibitors. The Sunday Question, Affairs are getting entangled now with regard to Sunday opening. Every department of the fair was thrown open on the last Sunday in May. The ma- chinery was not in operation, but in every other respect the display was the same as through the week, although here and there exhibits were covered by owners who were not in favor of Sun- day opening. The day was pleasant and the attendance was large, but not up to the extravagant figures that bad been widely estimated by the enthusi- astic advocates of an open Sunday. The attendance on Decoration Day, two days afterward, far surpassed it. Litigation on this question is now proceeding. On Monday of last week the exposition directors were tempo- rarily enjoined from closing the fair on Sunday by Judge Stein of one of the State courts, in the suit of Charles W. Clingman against the World’s Colum- | bian Exposition to enjoin them from | Sunday closing. The questions at issue | THE IRON AGE. 1275 quite a lengthy one, but which rests | Park was given to the people fo~ public uses only and that no power existed to debar them from using it on any day of the week. The logic of the decision seems to be in favor of the free admis- sion of the public also, but tbat point was not pressed. The preliminary in- junction expires on the 8th inst. and is then expected to be made perpetual by the Sunday openers. On the following Wednesday, however, Judges Wood, Jenkins and Grosscup, sitting as the United States Circuit Court for the Northern District of Illinois, took up the hearing of the chancery suic of the United States vs. the World’s Colum- bian Exposition Company, to enforce the Sunday-closing clause adopted by Congress. The whole question of the rights of the parties, the condition of the contracts, and the powers of the company to make and enforce a Sunday opening rule was discussed by counsel, the hearing occupying several days. Another suit to enforce Sunday closing has also been brought by Wanamaker & Brown of Philadelphia and P. W. Pratt of Massachusetts, stockholders in the Exposition Company, who claim that their stock will be injured by the adoption of the measures necessary to satisfy the Government in case the ex- position 1s regularly opened on Sunday. The Sewage Cleansing Works, From no odor would the large white building in the southeast corner of the grounds be discovered as the sewage cleansing works. It is marked 1K on the maps, and is well worth a visit by all in- terested in sanitary matters. The sys- tem of sewers and the works were placed by W. S. MacHarg, one of Chi- cago’s engineers, who is engineer of the water supply, sewerage and fire protec- tion of the exposition. Conveniently located to the different buildings are 26 large pits into which the sewage from the adjacent buildings runs. Con- necting these pits with the branch sewers are 52 ejectors, which work auto- matically by compressed air, emptying the contents of the pit through the | under the charge of Allen Hazen, a mainly on the ground that Jackson | chemist from the experimental station of the Massachusetts State Board of Health at Lawrence, Mass., who has been detailed for this important work out of courtesy from the Bay State to the World’s Fair, through the influence of Engineer MacHarg. The attendance at present sends about 1,000,000 gal- lons of sewage to the works every day, and the capacity is 6,000,000 gallons. The increased attendance on Decoration Day sent 299,000 gallons extra sewage to the works. At the present rate of attendance about 4150 tons of sewage are handled daily and the solid matter after being pressed weighs but 3 tons. The crude oil, used for various purposes about the grounds, is brought from Lima, Ohio, by a pipe line. For burn- ing the sludge from the works and the garbarge made inside of the gates about 500 gallons of crude oil are consumed daily. In addition to cleansing this sewage, Mr. Hazen is compiling some other sta- tistical information in reference to the work. The principal visitors to call on Mr. Hazen have been sanitary engineers, and doubtless with the Mecca of the United States being located at Chicago this year, his interesting charge and the genial courtesy of both himself and his assistant will bring him many other vis- itors. We recently saw at the New York office of Henry R. Worthington a set of 13 pictures, showing exterior and in- terior views of the Worthington Hy- draulic Works at Brooklyn and Eitiza- bethport. These pictures are bromide enlargements, 30 x 40 inches, from original plates 11 x 14 inches, made by Geo. P. Hall & Son of New York, and | are to be used in connection with the branches into the main sewer running | to the cleansing works. Compressed air for all purpcses on the grounds is secured from a central plant for com- pressing it in Machinery Hall. On reaching the works the air pressure raises the fluid about 50 feet through a 36-inch pipe, where it overflows on a wire sieve which catches sticks and other insoluble matter. Passing through the sieve it falls to the bottom and through pipes it enters four purifying tanks, each Of a capacity of 250,000 gallons. In the pipes which carry it to these tanks a solution of alum is thoroughly mixed with it by mechanical means, and at another point a solution of lime is mixed in the same way. In three of the tanks alum and lime are used, but in the fourth copperas and lime give | apparently the same results. Slowly passing through these tanks the sludge settles at the bottom, and the clarified water made chemically pure passes off to Lake Michigan. By a careful sys- tem of measuring this outgoing water an increase in attendance at the fair is detected very quickly. The sludge which collects at the boctom of the tanks is pumped off and forced | through the filter by compressed air, the accumulation being pressed into cakes at a pressure of 110 pounds. These cakes are taken to a garbage furnaceand | burned, a jet of crude petroleum forced in with a blast of compressed air being were gone over in the opinion, which is | the only fuel used. The works are Worthington exhibit at the fair. The subjects were so selected as to convey a good idea of the magnitude of the works, and to givea clear conception of the detail arrangement of the several de- partments. From a photographic point of view the pictures are exceptionally fine. seinen ancien Progress in Shipbuilding. — Alto- gether the year 1893 will be a memor- able one forthe new navy. While the shipbuilding establishments, private and public, have probably not been any busier than last year, their work of previous years is brought more con- spicuously before the public by reason of the great number of vessels which have either reached the launching, trial or commission period. More prompt deliveries of material by the steel pro- ducing plants have also operated to ex- pedite work in ship construction dur- ing the present year. Briefly summed up, the year’s progress—not counting vessels on the ways—will show the ‘*New York,” ‘* Detroit,” ** Mont- erey,” ‘‘ Marble Head,” ** Machias,”’ ‘* Cestine,” ‘* Bancroft,” ‘‘ Cincinnati ” and ‘* Raleigh,’’ which have been tried, | and al! will be in commission except | probably the two last named; the launching of the battle shi **In- diana,” ‘‘ Massachusetts” and ‘ Ore- gon,” ‘“‘Ammen’”’ ram, protected cruis- ers ‘‘Columbia” and ‘‘ Minneapolis ” and torpedo boat ‘ Ericsson.” — St. Louis has hopes of the develop- ment of asupply of natural gas. An artesian well drilled at Vandeventer avenue and Manchester road, about 600 feet deep, has given some indications of its being a gas well, and is being watched with much interest as its bor- ing proceeds to a greater depth. a ony ee a a ot “ergata anil a * - pment oe a aa 1276 The Evolution of the Tuyere Stock. BY FRED. W. GORDON, PHILADELPHIA, The writer believes himself to be the first who followed up the plan of con- ducting the blast from the bustle pipe to the tuyere through an inclined pipe. Asearly as 1869 the first illustration was introduced. This had a pair of eye bolts revolving around trunnions, the center line of which passed through the center of a segment of a cylinder, which formed the joint around which the blow pipe revolved. In this way the blow pipe could be withdrawn from the Fig. 1.—Design of 1869. Fig. 3.—Design of 1876. tuyere at will and propped up so as to be completely out of the way while the tuyere was being changed. It, how- ever, did not present the facility of being changed sidewise to accommo- date the position of the tuyeres, and if they were not in line with each other the blow pipe or horizontal portion had to be set at an angle. In those days, however, metallic joints against the tuyeres were unknown, or, at least, John Player’s invention had not been introduced in this country. As that, however, only employed the fast joint at the butt of the tuyere without fast- ening the tuyere, the tuyere itself might be accommodated to the circumstances. In 1874 the revolving blow pipe was introduced at the Etna Iron Works, from the writer’s plans. It was, as shown in Fig. 2, suspended in an in- THE IRON AGE. clined form from the ring that revolved upon a number of balls running in an annular groove. This tuyere stock can be accommodated slightly to the po- sition of the tuyere by lengthening or shortening the hanging bolts, the upper ball maintaining the joint. The lower ball joint then permitted a connection with the tuyere, in which case, when the tuyere had to be removed, the tuyere stock could be revolved around out of the way by simply loosening the hanging bolt in front, the others relax- ing themselves, as the weight was all held by the front one. Following this came the tuyere stock of 1876, which was first introduced at ‘ BLAST FURNACE TUYERE STOCKS. the Dunbar Furnace. All these were made by the then firm of Lambert & Gordon, Ironton, Ohio, of which the writer was managing partner. This tuyere stock was similar to that of 1869, except that it had a ball joint instead of a cylindrical one, thus permitting adjustment sidewise as well as up and down, and it had a spring connection to the furnace bosh, furnishing adjust- ment for expansion and contraction, and permitting the use of metallic joints. The weight of this stock, when sometimes made quite long, was an ob- jection to its use, and it was followed by the arrangement shown in Fig. 4, in which the trunnions are secured in a positive position from the fixed upper portion of the stock, and within which the lower portion revolves concentric with the upper joint. The tightness June 8, 1893 of the joint is made by keys driven in below the trunnions. The horizontal portion is arranged with ball joints at each end. In 1885 the next tuyere stock was brought out. The mast of the little crane carrying the lower portion is so located that the center line of its axis being prolonged, it passes through the center of the ball, forming the joint; the spring bolt, from which the lower half is hung, should be so attached that the center of gravity of the blow pipe is in line with it when the pipe assumes its natural inclination. Thus it was readily managed. The pipe is swung around out of the way and swung back Fig. 2.—Design of 1874. Fig. 4.——Design of 1881. again with comparatively little effort. The heavy spring in the spring back, located in the jib of the crane, furnishes the necessary elastic element of expan- sion and contraction, keeping the upper and lower joints, as well as the joints at the tuyere, tight under all changes of temperature, and even providing for vast changes in the length of the hot- blast mains. Lately the Philadelphia Engineering Works of Philadelphis have devised the blow pipe, Fig. 6, known as the 1893 model. This has some of the features of the blow pipe of 1881—that is, the trunnions are situated as they were in that pipe, but the bearings for these trunnions are not fixed, but swung from two spring bolts, which are carried by a carriage, playing upon a horizontal bar. Thus the features necessary for June 8, 1893 varying temperatures are provided, while tke stock can be revolved around these trunnions and the whole pushed THE [RON AGE. great promptness. In these days of large makes quick manipulation is im portant and the introduction of a tuyere Fig. 5.—Design of 1885. Fig. 6.—Design of 1893. BLAST FURNACE TUYERE to one side. The tuyere or tuyere arch can be gotten at without the least inconvenience and the blow pipe re- turned to its place and adjusted with STOCKS, should be effected in not to exceed ten minutes. This can be done with good blow pipes and many jointed water connections. 1277 The Grant Locomotive Works Embarrassed. A call has been issued for a meeting of the stockholders of the Grant Loco- motive Works, at Chicago, to devise means to tide over a temporary financial embarrassment which confronts the con- cern. The difficulty which the com- | pany are called upon to meet and over- come was brought about mainly through the recent strike of the machinists em- ployed at the works, but the financial stringency prevailing all over the coun- | try has also had something to do with the trouble. About one month ago the machinists employed by the company demanded an increase of wages and were refused. The men went out on strike, leaving an immense quantity of work unfinished, and, as a result, a large amount of work- ing capital of the concern tied up in material which was not marketable. The difficulty thus created was intensi- fied by the fact that the company were unable to obtain sufficient financial ac- commodation to tide them over the trouble. This was the condition of affairs when an attachment suit for a small amount was begun in the Circuit Court a few days ago by one of their creditors, an Eastern corporation. This suit was the first suggestion to the man- agement of a possible danger of a ‘‘run”’ on the company by their cred- itors, and it is to prepare for any such contingency that the meeting of stock- holders has been called. William H. Fenner, Jr., presidert of the Grant Locomotive Works, talked freely in respect to the matter to « re- porter. ‘‘ There is really no cause to worry in regard to this temporary em- barrassment,” said Mr. Fenner. ‘Of course, if our creditors were to press us very hard and refuse time it might make some trouble for us, but I don’t appre- hend anything of that kind. Our ma- chinists went out a few weeks ago, when we had a large and valuable con- | tract with the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad for a number of loco- motives. These engines were not quite finished, and we were therefore unable | to deliver them to the railroad com- pany. Thus our money was practically tied up in an immense amount of unfin- ished work, which we were unable to push to completion so as to get our money back. We could not get the en- gines out in time to release the money invested in them.” ‘*Ts the entire amount of your capital | invested in the works you are carrying on ?” ‘*Our entire working capital is in- vested in the plant and the execution of our contracts. But I want to im- | press on the public the fact that there is enough stock and material in the shops to pay all our indebtedness and leave a large surplus to our credit.” ‘* How do the stockholders hope to surmount the present difficulty?” ‘*T cannot tell what they will do in advance. Whether they will decide to borrow or find other means of raising what is required I do not know. I may say in this connection, however, that we are getting new men every day to take the place of the strikers, and we expect to be able to deliver at once those goods which have been lying on our hands, and thus realize all the money we want. So far as the company are concerned, they have the means to pay every dollar of their liabilities, and the only danger that could possibly arise would be im- patience on the part of the creditors.” ee a Por a, PP RS . Sree a a a er rer een + Cire ee oo rm ree ec LO ea AB TN Late last fall the Adams Mining Com- pany began exploration work in the southwest corner of township 58, range 17, on the Mesaba range, 45 miles north of and 17 miles west of Duluth. Al- though only about eight months have passed the Adams is conceded by Mes- aba miners to have an immense body of ore, probably the largest by far of any on the new range. It is an ore body so situated that it will be, to al! appear- ances, very easily mined, though there have been as yet no efforts toward tak- ing out ore other than what is lifted in the ordinary course of test-pit sinking by winches. Ore has been found in an irregular | area of about 180 acres, the company owning section 31, 58,17. Sixty pits have been sunk into ore, and nearly a dozen more are now being put down in different parts of the property, which are expected to show ore. Of course a number of unsuccessful pits were put down before the area of the ore body became well defined. I judge that the average depth, in ore, of the 60 pits referred to is about 30 feet, though several are down 60 feet, and one has been pushed through 70 feet of blue ore without finding the bottom of the de- THE IRON AGE, lumbian Exposition assayed as follows: | Tron, Phos, Silica. Mane, Water. 65.40) (031 1.61 0.88 4,28 66.80 0.023 1.24 0.48 2.35 The mine will be operated by the stripping proposition, and a contract has been made with a heavy Pittsburgh concern, Drake, Stratton & Co , for the taking off of 200,000 yards of surface this year, while a similar contract is ex- pected to be let next spring. The mine is located on the slopes of a hill, and on the face of this hill the ore body has a surface, sand and clay, of about 9 feet. As the hill rises the surface deepens, till at the summit there is nearly 50 feet of clay, sand, gravel and ocher overlaying the ore. On the rear of the hill the surface dimin- ishes again. The stripping will be done on each side of the hill till the surface approaches 30 feet in thickness, when the ore under the deeper surface will be reached by levels and cut out by gravity. The Adams Mining Company, who are stocked for $1,000,000, 90,000 $10 shares having been issued, hold a lease to the above described property from a syndicate of lumbermen—E. M. Fowler of Chicago, 8. J. Murphy and T. E. Dorr of Saginaw, and Elisha Flynn and Geo. O. Robinson of Detroit — who bought the land for pine. The stock June 8, 18938 Artistic Wrought Iron.--I. Probably no material, wood not ex- cepted, is adaptable to such a wide range of application or can be wrought into so many and varied forms of use- fulness and beauty as that dominating substance of the age—iron. Iron en- ters into almost every branch of con- structive effort, from mighty bridges and monstrous ocean steamships down the whole scale of manufacture to the humble needle of every day use. But little thought has, however, been given —at any ratein modern times—to the ar- tistic capabilities of this great medium, which are, nevertheless, really wider | and more important than they are pop- ularly known to be. Old Iron Work, Decorative iron work was practiced among the ancients. It received great attention in the Middle Ages, and even down toward the end of the last cent- ury. In the period of its greatest pros- perity, thatis to say, from the thirteenth to the seventeenth centuries, includ- ing the great era of the Renais- sance, or new birth of art in Europe, work in wrought iron was an art pro- fessed and practiced by artist-workmen, Fig. 1.— Wrought-Iron Ealcony, New York State Building, Columbian Exposition.—John Williams, New York. posit. Indeed, no test pit has so far | reached the foot of the ore body. The ore of this property is a remarkably uni- form deposit of a bluish granular ore, having the characteristic hematite streak, and is nearly all of a Bessemer grade. It is of unusual density for Mesaba ores and runs about 9 or 10 cubic feet to the ton. The owners of the mine estimate that there is not far from 25,000,000 tons of ore in sight in the mine, and there is no apparent in- dication that these enormous figures are beyond a reasonable estimate of the truth. Developments must be much further pushed, however, before there | can be any reliable figures as to the quantity of ore actually in this mam- moth deposit. The following series of analyses, one taken at random from each of 16 pits, gives an idea of the quality and uni- formity of the ore body: Depth from surface of ore. Tron. Phos, Silica. 1 foot : 61.41 0,042 a 20 feet . - 58,21 0.081 8.82 21 feet oun 6170 OAR 6.25 35 teet . 5.55 0.055 7.07 9% feet ais . 64,45 O44 3.18 18 feet.. 61.12 1.037 ale 12 feet .. 66.50 0.033 1.52 | 17 feet. ... 64.30 0.053 3.47 5 feet...... -..» 60.60 0.029 5.61 17 feet. .. 64.40 0.040 3.18 2% feet..... on seu SOumD 0.023 1.83 15 feet..... . 64.05 0.028 2.59 | 2U feet wae . 61.80 0 UB5 6.28 14 feet... jan sep Oe 0.026 178 | 20 feet... oho cen 0.084 3.65 16 foot.. +see ae 0.040 9.32 Samples sent by this mine to the Co- ARTISTIC WROUGHT IRON, in the company is almost entirely owned by P. L. Kimberley of Sharon, Pa., John T. Jones, formerly manager of Ludington Mine at lron Mountain, Mich., and D. T. Adams of Duluth. The Adams will not beashipper in 1893 to any extent, but promises to get out a very large quantity of ore in 1894. The Duluth, Missabe & Northern Road was voted county aid to the amount of $250,000 by an almost unanimous vote. The road has ironed 4 of the 24 miles of cut off to Duluth, and has begun the erection of the second story of its ore dock, which is to be nearly 1000 feet longer in shipping pocket length than any other dock in existence. The road and dock are ex- pected to be in shape for handling on July 1. The Lone Jack Mine in 17, 58, 17, has its inclines built, its skips in run- ning order, and is hoisting a little ore of | excellent quality. It is furthest ad- _ vanced of any mine in its vicinity. The Shaw Mine, underground, in the same locality, is about ready to raise ore. The Biwabic Company’s Minne- was Mine, a mile or two to the south, should be able to load ten cars a day, from a steam shovel on the ore body, by July 1. The Great Northern, Bes- semer, Commodore, and others near by, | are making developments. All these lie directly to the south and east of the Missabe Mountain, from which H. W. Oliver is under contract to mine 200,000 tons this year, if he can get rail facilities, which is doubtful. men who made their craft the subject of earnest and loving study. Of the result of their labors enough has hap- pily survived to demonstrate what it is possible to accomplish in this line and to serve as a stimulant to the mod- ern artistic faculty. In the great Eu- ropean museums, and toa limited extent in those of the United States, are pre- served specimens of art work in iron which may inspire those who are unable to travel far a-field in order to study those examples of such work by masters in the art which still adorn many of the cities of the Old World. Books, too, are published which contain illustra- tions of the best iron work extant. So that for those who are striving toward the revival of this art there does exist enough material to help them largely in the accomplishment of this object. Modern Work in Wrought Iron, A revival of interest in the sybject has, we are glad to note, undoubtedly sprung up within the last few years. Much more attention is now being paid to the production of objects in wrought iron in several parts of Europe: In Belgium, France, Germany and En- gland an impetus has been given to this work, and the public taste is being educated to an appreciation of it which did not exist a few years ago ; and the recent annual exhibition of the Archi- tectural League of New York gave gratifying evidence that the United States is not falling behind in the pro- cession. Hammered wrought iron as a Pi hia Pree espe ez June 8, 1893 THE IRON AGE. 1279 means of decoration is now an estab- lished feature of architectural work in this country. The production of wrought-iron work, which is also work of art, ap- pears to be receiving serious attention, and signs are not wanting that crass appearance and satisfying to the culti- vated taste, as the walls of the exhibi- tion above referred to abundantly tes- tified. There were there displayed some really beautiful examples of ob- jects in hammered iron, designed and forged in the city of New York, which \ TE Fig. 2.—Wrought-Iron Sereen.—Becker & Hammer, New York. ARTISTIC utilitarianism is no longer to monopo- lize all our production in iron, architect- | ural and domestic, as it has too long | been allowed to do. Beauty and effect are beginning to be carefully studied in this line of work, and it is found possible to make articles of utility which are at the same time pleasing in WROUGHT IRON. | may compare favorably with much of the antique work, and which give promise of yet better things in the fut ure. These included grilles, balconies, gates and other architectural objects, as well as such smaller articles of use and ornament as lamps, screens and irons, candelabra, and knockers, door plates, handles and other hardware, of thoroughly artistic spirit. The speci- mens were, it is true, somewhat limited in number and variety, but enough was manifest to demonstrate what can be done, and what is actually being done, by the few specialists who have as yet devoted themselves to this branch of handicraft in the United States, or more properly speaking, in the city of New York, for we believe we are correct in saying that all the exhibits were from New York City. Individual Element in Wrought Iron, Much of the beauty and charm of the old wrought metal fabrics is unques- tionably due to the personal element which prevails in them. The devotion paid by the craftsman to his work is patent. Formerly a great part of the best work was carried out by individual artisans laboring at home at their own little forges. Much thought and ef- fort of a patient, painstaking character were put by these men, mostly with but scant pecuniary reward, into the em- bodiment of their ideas in iron. And so we find they generally stamped an individuality into their work which was all theirown. We are told that many of the valued relics of medieval art in metal, which have come down to delight the modern eye and mind, represent the actual life labor of some devoted toiler, whose name has probably perished, al- though the work of his hands remains to serve as pattern and incentive to suc- cessive generations of artists who have become imbued with its spirit. Such conditions of labor have been, however, for the most part entirely changed in these latter days. The in- troduction of the huge modern work- shop with its complicated machinery and labor-saving devices has in a great measure eliminated the personal ele- ment from most industries. And with it has unfortunately gone a great part of the charm which envelops the handi- work of past centuries. Reproduction in infinite.sequence has taken the place of individuality. Machinery to-day turns objects out to pattern by the thousand and the million without the intervention of the human hand. In cast-iron work—although that, too, can be and is being made beauti- fulto agreater extent than has hitherto prevailed—this element of similarity militates agaiust the attainment of any really high degree of artistic excel- lence. But in wrought iron, on the other hand, the personal element is pre- dominant, and this constitutes its true charm and value. In this work we are, at any rate, not liable to meet the same pattern at each street corner. And then opportunity is given for much finer and more delicate work in ( the details of an object than would usually be obtainab’e from a mold. Application to Modern Require- ments, In a word, wrought iron meets the artistic requirements of the present day to a more satisfactory extent than al- most any other medium. It therefore merits a more careful consideration in connection with the decoration of our dwellings and the articles of our daily use than it has hitherto received. This consideration it happily now obtains, and in many of the latest triumphsof archi- tectural ski!l which grace our cities the decorative workin wrought iron holds a prominent place. Witness the beau- tiful metal work in the shape of grilles, gates, screens, balconies or railings which adorn some of the most modern 12£0 THE IRON AGE. churches, business, residential and hotel buildings of New York City. The | work is often costly, but the results | obtained are so satisfactory that people | are now more willing to pay for the labor it entails and the beautiful effects in decoration which wrought-iron work alone offers. All manner of design krown can be reached by the artisan in this style of work, and architects of the modern school have not been slow to avail themselves of its help. In the present articles it is proposed to give some idea of what has been and is now being done in the line of artistic wrought-iron work, more especially in the United States. A short sketch of the rise and progress of the craft will be offered, with some illustrations of the work of different periods. The vari- ous European styles will be touched | upon and examples presented. _Bring- ing the evolution of the wrought-iron art down to the present time, it is pur posed to give some account of its pres- ent condition in this country. In con- nection witb this subject will be given a number of illustrations of recent work done by American concerns, which, we believe, will be found to contain many of the best elements of artistic excellence, together with large promise for the future development of the art in this country ? Examples of American Work, Those appended to this article pre- sent some examples of recent decorative wrought-iron work produced in New York, and are favorable specimens of what is being done to establish its repu- tation. In Fig. 1 is shown a wrought iron balcony of Louis XIV style, made by John Williams, 544 West Twenty- seventh street, after the design of Mc- Kim, Mead & White, architects, of New York. It is one of three which adorn the New York State Building in the Columbian Exposition. The balcony was displayed at the last exhibition of the New York Architectural League, where it attracted great attention and received many encomiums. Another object shown at the same exhibition was the beautiful screen, Fig. 2, designed end made by Becker & Hammer, 150 West Twenty-ninth street. A chaste and effective example of wrought-iron work, free from over- elaboration and yet striking and origi- nal, is represented by Fig. 3. This gate was designed by R. H. Robertson, architect, and forged in the shops of the Composite Iron Works, William R. Pitt, proprietor, and is now erected in the new Mohawk Building, New York City. Figs. 4 and 5 show respectively a decorated exterior gas lantern and a hall electric-light holder, both of which were designed and forged at the shops of John Williams. The dragon design of the latter is peculiarly spirited in conception and execution. It is com- posed entirely of hammered and chiseled iron. The gas bracket, it should be mentioned, is not the most favorable example of such work done in the same shops, for far more elabo- rate objects of this kind have been pro- duced latterly by the same maker. The wrought-iron lamps at the entrance to the Century Club Building, New York, which have been much admired, were also dcsigned and wrought by him. a I —— Since last November there have been nearly 3000 tons of nickel armor deliv- ered at the various navy yards and ship- yards. Thisis nearly three times the amount of material which was furnished up to last November. The Amalgamated Association. The Wage Committee of the Amalga- | mated Association, composed of 31 persons representing lodges in various parts of the country, convened at the headquarters of the Amalgamat