The Iron Age 1892-12-01: Vol 50

‘THE THURSDAY, DECEMBER 1, 1892. Steam Drop Press. The Cockburn Barrow & Machine Com- pany of 234 Eleventh street, Jersey City, N. J., recently built for their own use a be ten stories high and constructed on the iron skeleton frame-work plan with brick | walls; size, 75 x 150 feet. IRON AGE The Brooks Technieal School, The Technical Scheol connected with The practicability of adopting oil fuel | the Brooks Locomotive Works at Dunkirk, on some of the smaller vessels of the| N. Y., which reopened for the season on steam drop press which has proved to be a| United States Navy is said to be under| Monday evening, November 14, deserves most efficient machine, and to have a wide} consideration at Washington. The im-| special notice as being the only school of range of applications. By reference to the | proved tanks devised for commercial pur- | the kind attached to any locomotive works engraving, the press will be seen to consist | poses, the joints and other appliances con-| in the country. There were in attendance of a cast-iron bed plate, from the four} nected with them, and the devices for | at the opening session 79 punils and appli- corners of which extend steel guide rods 34 inches in diameter. At their upper ends these rods support a ribbed cast- iron plate carrying at its center the steam cylinder which is 14 inches in diameter. The piston rod is 5 inches in diam- eter, the stroke of the piston being 24 inches. The lower end of the piston carries a sliding platen, which is guided by the four vertical rods. Steam is controlled by an ordinary slide valve operated by the hand lever shown at the right. This form of valve, rather than one more easily moved, was adopted, since it is desirable, in this type of machine, to make necessary the ap- plication of some power in order to bring the hammer into action. A valve that would respond to a touch must cause an accident and injury by bringing the hammer into play unexpectedly. As will be seen, the base carries one part of the die, the piston rod car- rying the fitting part. It is evideat that these dies may be of any de- sired shape according to the work to be per- formed, The clear die space is about 4 feet square, making it pos- sible to use very large dies. The blow of the hammer can be regulated as required, or the steam slowly that the hammer will act as a press. —>_ As a result of valuable = i i) | ) ii il Hf) Mm may be admitted so = A i HA ! : | il = experiments made by the —— Bethlehem Iron Company of Pennsylvania, Com- modore Melville, Chief Engineer of the Navy, has decided to test the value of uickel steel in connection with | machinery. Accordingly, a section of the propeller shafting of the ‘* Brooklyn” will be made of the metal, and the sea-going battle ship No. 1 will be similarly pro- vided as to her propeller shafting, so that the test will be made on a practical working scale. Thorp, Collins & Co., builders of struct- ural iron work, have been awarded the contract for the new filter house, char house and pan house to be erected at Yonkers, N. Y., by the National Sugar Refining Company. The filter house will Gj ey ol 2 = Wl ill Es TA MT gO ia Me me all oT n 1 , An Hine Mcaital | | HATA ti ae | WHll | Hi i ‘i i Hit Mh Mt " eh | i I} sy i Wi | Ht Hi mn A WNT / ti £ STEAM DROP PRESS carrying off the gases which arise from an increase of temperature, and even from agitation, have made it a less dangerous cargo than formerly, removing much of the objection formerly urged. General Dumont, Supervising Inspector- General of the steamboat service, in his annual report to the Secretary of the Treas- ury, shows that 650,000,000 passengers were carried during the year by the vessels under his jurisdiction. The number of lives lost was 200, a decrease of 138 com- pared with the previous year. i it it | | ONE cation for adm‘ssion had been made by several more. They had come from every department of the great works, many of them having labored all day. M. L. Hinman, president of the works, in a brief address ex- plained the object in the mind of the late H. G. Brooks when in Jan- uary, 1883, he founded the schoo), and said that his successors were to carry it on because of the belief that with the im- provement of mind brought about by the educational opportuni- ties here provided there will be produced a class of workmen both better mechanics and better citizens. The school will be under the supervision of Alfred Solano, who is a practical civil engi- neer and a son-in-law of H. G. Brooks. The main school room is a large and handsome apartment heated by steam and lighted by broad win- dows. In the evening it is illuminated by incan- descent electric lights. Each desk is furnished with text books and a complete set of instru- ments for mechanical drawing. On the walls are blackboards upon which is given practical instruction in mechanical work, supplemented by models, showing the sep- arate construction of all parts of an engine and their relation to each other. Adjoining the school-room are a con- venient cloak room, a lavatory, a reading room, and a library containing standard works and peri- odicals upon mechanical subjects, besides a cabi- net in which each pupil is provided with a shelf for the preservation of his drawings. The instruction is free, as is also the use of books and the supply of drawing mate- rial end instruments and all other appara- tus. The attendance is not compulsory, but it is understood when apprentices enter the works that they will attend the school. ————EE At Windsor, Ontario, a bed of solid salt 40 feet thick has been discovered, but it is 1200 feet below the surface. The Canadian Pacific Railway officials say they will erect there one of the largest salt plants in the world. » etme - - | 2 j tah ) | Ba) = a8: ts Gta DD ~ iw = a oss EPS 29209 WO Se ora ie — ence ean ro . es ee 22 hae” ios he ee a « mail — = tr Se = oe ae ee ae . * me | Bane Pe oad et can 3 era : . a ae S, a ne ee es BET get 2 3 » = a \ “See —~ a, — 4 ‘ ; ri & POF ea ~~ Ss “\ ee we ae: “25 » ° Mn ee - ane 1026 WORLD'S FAIR NOTES. Efforts to Repeal the Sunday Closing Act. The World’s Fair Sunday Opening As- sociation of Chicago is actively engaged in securing the expression of the will of the people on the question of repealing the act of Congress closing the Exposition Sunday. Mr. Thompson, secretary of the organization, says that the sentiment of the people of the East on the question of repealing the act is quite as strong as it is in Chicago. This is true of Boston, New York, Washington and Philadelphia. Petitions for an open fair Sunday will be showered upon Congress to a greater extent than that body has ever before known. These petitions will come from every State and city in the Union. They will come from ministers, bankers, clubs, hotel keepers and labor organizations. One unique feature of the work being done by the association is an effort to gauge public sentiment on the question. Postal cards have been sent to a certain number of men from Dun’s Reference Book without discrimination or selection—so many to every city of the United States of the population of not less than 4000 or more than 10,000 inhabitants. These cards were mailed with a circular asking for immediate response. Nothing whatever was given to prejudice the vote. The re- sult was encouraging. From the first 1000 sent out the answers indicate that four out of every five persons in the United States desire a repeal of the Sunday Closing act. The special committee un- der whose auspices these cards were sent out —composed of James A. Sexton, Mayor Washburne, the Rev. Rr. Thomas and James W. Scott—will certify as to the returns. The labor organizations of the city will supplement the work by complete and ef- fective work. Mr. Morgan of the Trade and Labor Assembly, in connection with a number of other labor leaders, will spare no means to secure petitions from every organization in the country. In addition to these, resolutions will be passed snd sent to the Congressmen and Senators. No active campaign will be made by the exposition to induce Congress to repeal the act, although it is well known that a bill for that purpose will be introduced. They will give their moral support to the association and aid it inany way consistent with their position in having accepted the appropriation with the condition of Sun- day closing. To Get the Souvenir Coins, Members of the Finance Committee of the World’s Fair Directory took steps last week looking toward securing the souve- nir coins now being minted at Philadel- phia, the work there having begun on the 19th ult. The directors want the money, but before they can get it they must com- ply with several clauses in the Con- gressional Appropriation bill, and one or two of these areimportant. The first con- ditions precedent to the delivery of the coin are set forth in the act as follows: Provided, however, that before'the Secre- tary of the Treasury shall pay to the World’s Columbian Exposition any part of said 5,000,- 000 silver coins satisfactory evidence shall be furnished him showing that the sum of at least $10,000,000 has been collected and dis- bursed as required by said act. And, provided, that the said World’s Co- lumbian Exposition sball furnish a satisfactory guarantee to the Secretary of the Treasury that any further sum actually necessary to complete the work of said exposition to the opening thereof has been or will be provided by said World’s Columbian Exposition : but nothing herein shali beso construed as to delay or postpone the preparation of the souvenir coins hereinbefore provided for. Before the gates can be opened next May it is estimated that an expenditure of THE IRON AGE. approximately $18,200,000 must be made. The first condition in the appropriation act bas been more than complied with, since an excess of $10,000,000 has been expended. To meet the second condition will require an extra effort on the part of the Board of Directors. In round numbers, the subscriptions by the city of Chicago and stockholders amount to $10,600,000. Added to this is the sale of the $4,000,000 of bonds, with the privilege of selling $1,000,000 more. Then, in making up their $18,000,000 estimate of assets, the directors are privi- leged to include the prospective $2,500,000 of souvenir coins. This would bring the total assets to $18,100,000. Inasmuch as subscriptions are continually coming in, and the additional fact that more than $150,000 has already been realized from orders for the coins over and above their face value, it seems that the directory will be able to get the souvenirs as soon as they are minted. It is with this purpose that transcripts of the records authorizing the issue of bonds, statements from the treasurer and auditor showing the receipts and disbursements, as well as vouchers for expenditures over and above the $10,000,000 mark, will be sent to the Secretary of the Treasury this week. The Finance Committee decided at its meeting to push the sale of the souvenirs by establishing agencies in different parts of the country. The first one will be in New York City, and Harman Spruance, Chief of the Bureau of Subscriptions, was commissioned to go to New York, and, if in his judgment the situation warrants it, to open an office to promote the sale of the coins. In addition the management has begun a scheme of advertising which will bring the souvenirs to the attention of the people throughout the country. A\l- ready several thousand banks and many railroad companies are acting as agents. It is the desire, however, to distribute the coins in such a manner as to prevent them from being gobbled up by syndicates, and therefore all will be given a chance to purchase one at the uniform price of $1. Taking Too Much Time. Delay in the work of completing the Machinery Building is becoming a matter of serious moment if the opinions of those who have made acomparative study of the progress on other buildings and the lack of advancement on Machinery Hall may be relied upon. This building is the one in which will be located the power, heat- ing and lighting machinery of the exposi- tion. At present it is the furthest behind, and the opinion is expressed that unless Mr. Burnham hastens the work more in future than he has hitherto the power, light and heating system of the exposi- tion will be far from completed when the fair opens next May. The contractor stipulated when he was awarded the building to have it completed by the first day of last June. Notwith- standing this he has not even finished the roof on the structure. Engines and boilers are running in the rain, and a force of men is necessary to keep the still machinery from rusting. Every shower that comes along floods the power plant, and great expense is contracted in keeping machin- ery in order. As an instance of the extra cost entailed through failure to hold the contractor to his agreement, it was observed last week that steam coils had to be laid in order to keep warm the broken stone which forms a part of the concrete foundations. In these foundatiors for the heavy machinery there will be train loads of this stone, and the expense of artificially warming it will be considerable. It has to be borne, how- ever, to prevent the concrete mixture freezing before it can be placed. Then another danger arises. It is said that if the place where this important work is December 1, 1892 going on is not shortly roofed over the ground under the foundations will freeze and so injure them as to render it neces- sary to build new ones. Meanwhile mass- ive engines are being installed on these same foundations. Spain to Spend $175,000. The Spanish Minister at Washington, E. Dupuy de Lome, writes Chief Fearn of the Foreign Affairs Department of the in- creasing interest throughout Spain in all matters pertaining to the exposition. The enthusiasm upon the subject is most sur- prising in view of the fact that but few months have elapsed since a significant agitation in Spain about the World’s Fair in Chicago had a really popular place. The Madrid Exposition and the official courtesies extended by the United States Government and the exposition authori ties generally to the Government of Spain have resulted in an enthusiastic and uni- versal desire upon the part of the people of that country to be adequately repre- sented at Chicago. Minister Lome, in the course of his letter to Chief Walker Fearn, says: ‘Tt has been decided to ask an appro- priation of 750,000 pesetas for the exposi- tion. Will send soon plans for pavilion. There is much enthusiasm.” The Cortes will convene in Madrid De- cember 5, and at the beginning the appro- priation of $150,000 will be asked for and granted, which, together with the $25,000 which was appropriated for the prelimi- nary expenses, will make for Spain the sum of $175,000, without counting Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines, who will contribute liberally on their own account. Reports have been circulated in all di- rections that Spain was going to expend $14,000 for the exposition because this sum was appropriated from the general funds for offices, correspondence and ad- vertisements, Congress not being in ses- sion. To-day it will be right to say that, after Germany, France and Great Britain, Spain is preparing to spend the most of all the other European nations at Chicago in acknowledgment and in return for the honor shown her at the festivities. Pleased England’s Commissioner, The Hon. Alfred Carpmael, the Special Royal Commissioner who represented the British Royal Commission at the dedicatory ceremonies of the World’s Fair buildings, has made an interesting report upon the ceremonies of this occasion to Sir Henry Wood, Secretary of the British Commis- sion. After describing and eulogizing the preliminary ceremonies, in speaking of the exercises in the Manufactures Building, he says: ‘‘Such a sight as upward of 100,000 people assembled on one floor, under one roof, had, I suppose, never been seen before. It quite defies description. The turning over of the buildings to the people in presence and with the applause of such a vast multitude had a grand and inspiring effect.” The commissioner has words of eulogy for Chicago, for its business buildings, its streets, residences and hotels. Then he says: ‘*T am certain that it is the intention of the Chicagoans to make their World's Fair one that shall compare favorably with everything of the kind that has gone be- fore or that may come after. No trouble, no time and no expense will be spared, and no obstacles that can be removed by human energy will be allowed in any way to interfere with the object they have in view. I know that my hosts would have liked to have seen Great Britain repre- sented by a commissioner or commissioners of rank, but all that was expressed was regret that more in number of commis- sioners were not able to be present, and a hope all would attend during the coming year—an invitation which is not mere December 1, 1892 THE IRON AGE. words, but is intended to be taken liter- ally.” Reduced Rates for Steam Power, The Council of Administration last week modified the rules pertaining to charges | for horse power in connection with the running of machinery. As the rules pre- viously stood exhibitors would be obliged to pay $40 a day for horse power for run- | ning ‘‘ loaded” machinery. Director-Gen- eral Davis did not think it fair to charge | an exhibitor for an all day service when bis plant was in operation for but a few hours. The council agreed with him and | an order was issued instructing the chiefs of departments to make pro rata charge for extra horse power. If an exhibitor runs his machinery but one, two, or three! Taper Rolling Machine. | The Coulter & McKenzie Machine Com- pany of Bridgeport, Conn., have designed | a machine for rolling flat tapers on round, | square and flat bars of steel of large sec- tion. Small pieces, such as wagon springs, files, edge tools, &c., are usually tapered under the hammer or with grooved rolls. In the latter case several roll dies are| necessary, and an increase in the first cost and cost of repair is the result. The machine illustrated is fitted with | plain flat dies, which work in combina tion with a squeezing or edging arrange ment. The work comes from the ma- chine smooth, with no fin or flash on the edge, and with no sign of the objection- | | . hours a day he will be charged accord. ingly instead of for a full day’s service. Will Be No North Carolina Building. Ladies of North Carolina undertook to raise $10,000 with which to erect a State building at the World’s Fair. For months they have been endeavoring to secure nec- essary funds. They now announce their failure. They cannot get the money and hence there will be no North Carolina State Building. This has nothing to do with the State's exhibit, which will be com- plete. The State Board of World’s Fair Commissioners will ask the Legislature in January for $25,000. —_—SE—EE EE In Pittsburgh legal proceedings will be commenced at once to enforce the local ordinance to prevent the emission of smoke within certain limits. About two dozen establishments have introduced smoke preventers, which cost $150 per boiler in small plants. TAPER ROLLING MACHINE. able ‘‘cold shuts.”’ With the same dies the machine may be adjusted to taper 6x 4 inch flats, and all sizes of rounds, flats and squares under these dimensions. The lower roll is adjustable vertically to accommodate the different thicknesses of materials used, up to 1 inch, and is operated by means of large taper keys| placed beneath the roll, to correspond with tapered recesses planed into the lower boxes, thus insuring parallel bear- ings. If more than 1 inch adjustment is desired, thinner dies are used. The rolls are cut away to receive the dies, which are simply plain chilled castings set in and held by keys, and made adjustable with steel set screws in order to produce any taper required. The bar to be tapered is passed in be- tween the roll dies (just before they come into operative position) and pressed for ward until it comes in contact with one of several adjustable stops, where the dies | dies 1027 Each stop is set further back than the pre- ceding one, so as to increase the length of taper. The principle being the same whether the bar is passed once or several times, the number of passes being gov- erned by the amount of stock to be re- duced. After being passed between the rolls the bar is squeezed sideways and shaped as desired by means of a fixed die or a series of dies placed one above the other in the form of steps, the width and shape of these varying to produce any required width and shape of taper, all of which is arranged on a slide, which moves upon a plate forming part of the machine, this squeezer mechanism being driven by a pair of bevel wheels from the main back shaft, and is timed with the rolls. The work is performed quietly, is free from scale or hammer marks, and all ends are tapered alike; therefore where grinding is necessary, the finishing is considerably re- duced. The rolls are 14 inches in diameter, 18 inches between housings, and are geared four to one; the sides or housings are 7 inches thick. The balance wheel is 4 feet 9 inches in diameter, 7-inch face, 3+ inches thick, driven by tight and loose pulleys 30 x 8, the usual speed being about 80 revolutions. The floor space required is 6 x 8 feet, hight 5 feet 6 inches, and weight about 7 tons. This machine is now in practical use at Pencoyd, Pa., Johnstown, Pa., and other points. In some places it produces a taper of 16 inches and under, on 1%-inch round, at the rate of 4000 points a day. rr The engineer in charge of the harbor improvements at League Island, Philadel- grip the bar and return it to starting point, at the same time rolling the taper. phia, says that $5,000,000 will be required to complete the work RA Ss. —— es —S ee emies~ Siem ‘ann tee Gas VOR ee LG it + ti ee ae ‘ ~<a skh Ve + See > he ED Ls ith Sl 235.) ~~ ap ieee ™ % 1522) , db) J 7 ce gras 7 63 Sie ws ’ ve = ens SS, jim 2) op isd o> ale =~: ~ es - es ‘ a 3B t= ee ‘fy iJ Sea SS : 2, ee ins in ae as aah fe a) f 7 a» Varo. . 1 > Ay] i 3 aes ie { it Vw le 3% MLE A AEE ? SE. roa —— oer Si a *. a aw ._ ~ io ao em Bo ie oo e pgs? a f -” * hh « IPOS ay wey veey y os Ld Meee 7 resets “a 1028 Pneumatic Pumping Apparatus.—I. Under ordinary circumstances, economy and efficiency in the raising of water in large quantities are best attained by means of the modern high-class reciprocating pumps in which the water is handled directly by the piston or plunger without the interposition of other media than the necessary inlet and discharge valves. Centrifugal pumps, on account of their comparatively small size and cost and great simplicity of construction, are well adapted to the handling of large volumes of water at low pressure—say, 10 or 12 feet head—but are totally inapplicable to higher pressures. Thus, for wrecking, drainage of submerged lands, sewage pumping and many other purposes of sim- ilar character, they are much used, and in many cases on a very large scale. One of their advantages is that, from the entire absence of valves or moving parts in con- tact, they are capable of pumping water containing foreign substances, such as sand, gravel, stones, &c., without injury, which would destroy the working parts of a reciprocating pump in a very short time. Among the earliest examples of the high- duty type is the Cornish engine, which was one of the first applications by Watt of his invention of the steam engine to practical operations, and antedated the crank and fly wheel by several years. The Cornish pumping engine is unique in that in its original conception it embodied principles so nearly correct as to leave very little room for improvement by modern en- gineers, notwithstanding that it was the production of a time when steam engi- neering was literally in its infancy. Until within a very few years it may be consid- ered as having been the recognized stand ard of comparative economy in pumping operations, and it is still extensively used in deep mines and for similar purposes in which it is necessary to elevate large volumes of water under heavy pressure. For such duty, also, the modern types of double acting plunger pumps—both single and duplex—are much used, and as they usually employ compound expansion of the steam, both condensing and non-con- densing, they may be considered as capa- ble of good results as to economy and efficiency. In some mining localities the old-fash- ioned ** draw lift” is used. This form of pump is practically a reversal of the Corn- ish pattern. In the latter the steam raises the heavy plunger, the weight of which is made sufficient to force the column of water to the required hight by gravity alone. The engine is, therefore, single acting. stroke is made, partially or entirely, by the weight of the bucket and its rod and the column of water lifted by the en- gine. The power is usually applied through the medium of a ‘‘ bob” or vi- brating beam of peculiar construction, and where the mine shaft is not continu- ously vertical, a V bob is interposed. As this form of pump is extremely simple in its construction, with comparatively little friction on the working parts, almost the entire power of the steam may be utilized in lifting the water and the economy of the pump is, therefore, dependent on the method of producing the power. Of course all of these different types of vertical pumps require that the water end, or pump proper, shall be placed in the bottom of the mine, at or near the water level, and in a direct or nearly di- rect vertical line with the shaft. The horizontal plunger pumps, however, may be placed in a gallery or chamber at any convenient point with reference to the sump or well, as they are self-contained and need only the steam and water pipe connections to render them complete. In many instances the depth of mines renders With the draw lift the downward : THE [RON AGE. the pressure due to a continuous lift so great as to necessitate the use of several pumps placed at different levels, and the water is raised by them consecutively until the surface is reached. The diffi- culty experienced in pumping on a large scale, under very heavy pressures, is not so much a matter of strength in the pump cylinder and reciprocating parts as the great strain on the suction and discharge valves at the instant of closing—the im- pact of the water column being so great as to necessitate very slow motion of the plunger at the change of the stroke, to avoid damage or excessive wear. In the Cornish pump, as the valves are of large size, they are made very heavy, in order to give the necessary strength. Their breakage is apt to result seriously, as, by relieving the resistance to the tremendous weight of the descending plunger, its mo- mentum becomes so great as to place it beyond control of the engine when end of stroke is reached. In the modern direct- acting type of pump this difficulty has been greatly reduced by the multiple sys- tem of valves, in which a large number of valves of small size is used—their com- bined areas of opening, with slight lift, being equal to or greater than the area of piston or plunger. With any form of valve, however, the great pressure necessitates much care in the construction and operation of the pumps, and the low piston speed allowa- ble materially reduces the capacity of which they are capable under ordinary pressures. While economy of fuel con- sumption is, ordinarily, a prerequisite, there are exceptional conditions under which it becomes of secondary importance as compared with efficiency and reliability of operation and peculiar adaptability to the special requirements of the case. It does not follow that a pump capable of very high duty in proportion to the fuel consumption, is necessarily the most economical for all purposes of pumping. All collateral circumstances and condi- tions must be considered in order to arrive at the net economy. The pneumatic pumping apparatus shown in the cuts was not designed with a view of its application to all classes of pumping, but only such as would render its economy dependent on other condi- tions than consumption of fuel. These conditions may be briefly stated as follows: Great capacity in proportion to size of ap paratus; perfect adaptability to almost any location, independently of that of the source of power; total absence of the dan- gerous strains due to heavy pressure, and, from its extreme simplicity of construction, the capability of continuous operation for a long period, without necessity for atten. tion in any way. The cost of construction of the apparatus itself is very small as compared with that of other types of equal capacity, but ta this must be added the cost of compression plant, which will bring the figure more nearly in line, though still considerably below that of the Cornish engine. Where the hight to which water is to be elevated is so great as to re quire two or more lifts, the duplication of pumps renders the cost far in excess of that of the pneumatic apparatus, as with the latter the lift may be continuous for almost any head. Broadly stated, the principle of opera- tion is the alternate displacement, by com- pressed air, of the water contained in the submerged cylinders, the filling being due to gravity and the reversal automatic. An essential feature of the device is the utilization of the volume of compressed air remaining in the cylinder after all the water has been discharged. Being entirely automatic in its action, it is only necessary to admit the compressed air for starting and shut it off for stopping, as there are absolutely no centers nor dead points at which it could fail to operate. All the December |. 1892 necessary manipulations are performed in the engine room, no matter how remote the latter may be from the apparatus, The twin cylinders A and A’ are made of a capacity to enable them to discharge the given quantity of water by reversing from four to six times per minute. For the larger sizes the shells are made of stee] boiler plate, the thickness and riveting being suitable to the required working pressure. The heads C and C’ are of cast iron, heavily ribbed, and secured by through bolts and nuts to the exter- nal cast-iron flanges D, the latter being double riveted to shells. The base B B, also of cast iron, is made in one piece for sizes in which it would not be too unwieldy. The internal flanges D’, riveted to the shells, are bolted to the base by means of studs and nuts. For heavy pressures the joints on the flanges are made on paper or leaden gaskets, though for moderate pressures rub- ber or other soft packing will answer. In the base and between the cylinders are located the water passages for inlet and discharge. The former is shown at n, Figs. 1 and 2, together with its valve, F. This passage is common to both cyl- inders, being open at the right-hand end, Fig. 2, and being of sufficient size to ad- mit of very rapid inflow of water. Above the valve seats the partition to which the valvés are hinged separates the passage; to the two cylinders. The openings & and & in the cylindrical wall of base (Figs. 1 and 3) are divided as shown merely as a mat- ter of strength. The valves F are, pref- erably, of bronze and may be faced with rubber or leather in case the water con- tains abrasive impurities. For clean wa- ter they are made to seat directly on the iron. For pumping water containing acids, from which there would be danger of rapid corrosion from galvanic action be- tween the two metals, the valves should be made of malleable iron or steel casting. The valves are hung on continuous hinge rods / tapped into the cross partition, and the head forms a sufficiently tight joint at outer end, The cross partition, shown in Figs. 2 and 3, extends from top to bottom and separates the inlet and discharge sides, both above and below the valve seats. The passage m, divided longitudinally, communicates with the two cylinders through the check valve r and with cham- ber o (common to both cylinders) through valve G, and thence through discharge pipe E to outlet. The discharge valves G are similar in construction and material to valves F, except as to the manner in which they are hung. As there is no partition between the valves, the single hinge rod answers for both. This rod, shown in Fig. 2, is carried by a deep boss on bonnet —the inner end being supported by a shallow bearing in cross partition. The hinge is similar to the ordinary butt and has a collar between the central lugs, set screwed to hinge bar, and thus holds both valves in position. While in a general way the valves and passages conform to the ordinary practice, they are so modified in design as to provide the unusually large openings necessary to the rapid passage of the water and also to adapt them to loca- tions in which attention may be imprac- ticable. Bolted to the bottom plate of base is a fulcrum, carrying the lever p, upon which are the tank p’ and counter weight p'. The check valve r is hinged to a projection from tank p’*, and derives its motion in opening and closing from change in position of lever, due to hight of water incylinder. It will be understood, of course, that the two cylinders and con- tained parts are in all respects alike, al- though in the drawing all unnecessary duplications were omitted. Attached to cylinder heads the levers i, tank i! and weight 7* are similar—except as to modifi- cations of shape—to p, &c. The small rod (& inch diam.), passing through stuffing December 1, 1892 THE IRON AGE. 1029 box, serves to transmit the motion of levers|1 and 2, are merely round holes drilled; noticed that the two cylinders are con- to bell cranks / and h' and piston valve g. | from inside of chest, through solid stud, | nected at bottom by the continuous base It will be noted that the levers are in the |shown in Fig. 2 in inlet e. The central | casting, and at the top by the air valve extreme opposite positions and the motion | opening from e to cylinder ¢, Fig. 1, ad-| chest, &c., so as to form a perfectly rigid is imparted to g by the downward or pull-| mits the air to central cavity of piston! construction, which may safely be set ing motion of the lever. The slide valve| valve. By means of checks, the latter is | upon any foundation sufficiently strong to d is similar to an ordinary steam valve, | made to travel for each stroke only so far| bear the mere dead weight. but has neither admission nor exhaust lap. | as the position shown, which admits air| In setting, the apparatus should be sub- Upon its back the wing 3 is carried from | from tbe central port through valve cavity | merged so as to bring the water level end to end of the valve. The parti-!and small port, into space between parti-| about to top of cylinder heads. Prior to Fig. 3.—Horizontal Seetion on F. Plan. Fig. 4.—Bottom. Fig. 2.—Upper Part Section A A.—Lower Part Quarter Section I. Fig. 1.—Upper Section D D, Fig. 3, and Lower Vertical Section D D. Section E E, Fig. 3. THE PNEUMATIC PUMPING APPARATUS. tions 1 and 2 extend entirely across valve|tion 2 and wing 3, while space on oppo- | admitting the compressed air the cylinders chest’ a, forming a chamber which is|site side of 3 is open to the atmosphere, | will, of course, both be entirely filled with closed at bottom bv valve d. The air|through small port, past end of valve. | water, and the piston valve in almost any ports in valve seat / communicate with| The bell cranks / and /' give motion to| position, as the actuating levers i will both the two cylinders as shown and serve for| the valve in the forward or pulling direc- | be in position to throw the bell cranks out- admission and discharge of the compressed | tion only, by engaging the pin on end of| ward as shown at A', thus by counter- air. The exhaust port is shown in con-| valve stem, but are free to move in the| balancing each other leaving the valve in nection with flanged nozzle f. The open-| opposite direction without disturbing po-|a random position. The slide valve d, ing e admits the air to valve chest| sition of valve. The nozzles ¢ and f con-| however, will be in position to admit air through the two ports at partitions 1 and 2 | nect by means of wrought iron pipes | to one or the other of the cylinders, which The two small passages connecting the| directly with discharge and suction valves | we may suppose to be A’, as in the drawing. piston valve cylinder c with space between! of compressor, respectively. It will be The lever p in bottom will be in the re- a vn ae a ee | se = ee =. — 4 POR SS ae ge ty Sa —_—— . » smaen - Wa ei a } By) - — , Di i eo: 28.1088 oe ee tae 2 SS bi J we f. a Sees > LT OL LD on ee 1030 verse position to that shown in A, and|can have no appreciable effect. therefore the check valve r will be raised from its seat, leaving the passage m open to the under side of discharge valve G. As soon as the air is admitted its pressure forces the surface of the water downward, raising valve G and discharging through pipe E. When the surface has fallen to a point near bottom of tank @ on upper lever, the former will overbalance the weight I' and cause it to rise and throw the bell crank inward, leaving the piston valve undisturbed. As, however, the now unbalanced weight on lever in tank A is pulling at the other end of valve, it will very promptly shift over to the opposite position, with the following result: The small port admitting air through piston valve will be open to the atmosphere, and the air on that side of wing 3 exhausted, | while the central cavity of valve will es- | tablish communication with the opposite | side of wing through the port on that side, | and thereby shift the main valve d. This will exhaust the pressure from cylinder A' and admit air to A, when valve + being | already open, the water is forced out. When it has fallen sufficiently to allow i in A to drop, the bell crank / will throw inward, but without shifting the piston valve. Meantime, the cylinder A', through exhaust pipe /, has been put in commnni- cation with suction valves of compressor, and the air is received by the latter, and its entire pressure saved. At each stroke of the piston a corre- | responding volume of air is taken from | the cylinder and the pressure falls until it | is finally reduced to that of the atmos- phere, when the water will enter the| cylinder. When it has reached the level of top of the depressed tank 7, the latter | will rise, causing bell crank /' to move} outward and shift the piston valve, thus again reversing the operation. As the dis- charge of water is slightly more rapid than its inflow, it will be seen that after a few reverses the action of machine will be- | come normal—i. e., the water will be en- tirely displaced in one cylinder before the other is filled sufficiently to cause reversal. The fact is obvious that without some | provision to prevent it the air would fol- low the water into discharge pipe until | the reversal took place. This function of check valve 7. When the water has fallen to within about 1 inch of valve seat, the falling of tank p* closes | the valve, which the pressure will cause | the water to seal perfectly against loss of air. After the next reversal, upon the air pressure being reduced and the water flow- is the! | transferred to the counterweight and the ing in, the lever », with its tank and/| weight, will shift as soon as submerged, thus lifting valve r ready for the next dis- charge. As the relative velocities of inflow and discharge can be very readily adjusted, the check valve becomes a mere safe- guard, and a continuous, uninterrupted flow of discharge is maintained. This reg- ulation being made by means of the throt- | tle or valve in the engine room, admit- ting air to the supply pipe, it is very easily accomplished, it being only necessary to cut down the pressure gradually until the | stream becomes steady. As to the effect of the pressure on the inlet and discharge valves, it 1s readily apparent that the claims in this respect are valid. At the instant of reversal the pressure on both sides of the discharge valve is the same, and no matter how great it may be the valve is in equilibrium, and closes by gravity alone. So, also, with the inlet valve; as soon as the level of the inflow- ing water reaches the hight necessary to cause reversal the valve drops, because the cylinder is full, and the valve has ample time to become fully closed before there can be any appreciable pressure on the water. The only strain, therefore, upon the valves is that due to the pressure after they are seated, which, obviously, attachments for actuating the air check r | moving /and the necessary pressure of air, to en- THE IRON AGE. December 1, 1892 This feature constitutes one of the most im- portant points in the matter of durability and reliability, as in all classes of pump- ing machinery the valves are the bug- nently satisfactory to the inventor, Edwin Norton, who has found no reason to modify the principles upon which it has been constructed. ee bear, if subjected to heavy pressure. The si i feature next in importance is the reliabil- Tariff Bills of the Fifty-Second ity of the gravity reversing mechanism. Congress. Many devices of the kind work admirably on the start but become unreliable, or give out entirely in a short time—rather an awkward matter in such a connection as the one under consideration. Let us see if this one may be subject to such contingencies. Of course, there can be nothing questionable about the lever and weight: they are fixed facts. How then about the tank i'? It is simply a cast- iron open-top cylindrical tank, attached by trunnions to the lever, and filled with Some interest attaches to the measures introduced in the House during the last session of Congress with special reference to changes in the duties on iron and steel and allied interests. Mr. Andrew iutroduced a bill on Janu- ary 5, 1892, No. 198, **To admit coal and iron ore free.” Mr. Blanchard’s bill, No. 170, intro- duced January 5, 1892, calls for ‘* Placing water from the inflow. This appears to be barb wire and iron rods for fencing on the about as reliable as the lever and ~ ae dete Me. Wet ; weight. As to its principle of action, n the same date Mr. Watson intro- duced a bill, No. 83, ‘‘ Providing for the removal of duties on jute bagging, jute, iron ties and binding twine.” Two days later bill 645 was introduced by Mr. Enloe ‘‘ Placing barb wire on the free list.” : A third bill calling for the ‘ placing of barb wire an4 iron rods for fencing on the free list,’ was introduced on January 15, Mr. Bryan. It bears the House No. 3860. On February 1, 1892, Mr. Stout intro- duced the bill No. 5091, ** Providing for the free admission of copper in the form of ores, old copper, copper clippings, all composition metal of which copper is a component material of chief value, regulus of copper, black or coarse copper, copper cement, copper in plates, bars, ingots, Chile, or other pigs, and in other forms not mentioned.” The bill provides also that ‘‘all copper imported in the form of rolled plates called braziers’ copper sheets, rods, pipes and copper bottoms, also sheathing or yellow metal of which cop- per is the component material of chief value and not composed wholly or in part of iron ungalvanized, there shall be paid a duty of 20 per cent. ad valorem. On the 27th of May Mr. Stevens intro- duced House bill 9027, which provides it may be briefly described as two weights of greatly different specific gravities deriving motion from the changes of water level. Suppose the net weight necessary, with safe margin, for shifting the small piston valve (1+ inches diameter) be 20 pounds, and the same be allowed for return movement of bell crank. We will then make the counterweight 60 pounds and the tank 40 pounds, the difference being 20 pounds in favor of weight, available for moving a balanced valve and overcoming the slight friction of the stuffing box and pin bearings. The tank is made of a size to hold exactly 40 pounds of water, which, together with weight of tank, makes 80 pounds, or 20 pounds in excess of counterweight. When the water level in cylinder is below the bottom of tank the entire weight of the latter and its contained water is acting against the 60-pound weight. But as soon as the water rises sufficiently to com- pletely submerge the tank the weight of water in the latter is entirely neutralized, and consequently the 20 pounds excess is valve shifted. As the water level falls the latent weight again becomes sensible and causes the idle stroke of lever. As any deficiency of the quantity of water in tank will prevent reversal the inflow will necessarily continue until the cylinder is completely filled and the tank submerged, thus absolutely insuring against failure from this cause. The bottom lever and ‘y ‘*That on the first day of October, 1892, iron ore, wrought and cast scrap iron and scrap steel be admitted duty free.” ‘* That on and after October 1, 1892, pig iron, spie- geleisen, ferromanganese and ferrosilicon be subject to a duty of one and one-half tenths of one cent per pound.” ‘‘ That on and after the same date bar iron, beams, girders and all other articles enumerated and provided for in paragraphs 135 and 137 of the McKinley bill be reduced to five-tenths of one cent per pound.” ‘‘ That iron or steel rails and all other articles enumerated in paragraph 141 be reduced to three-tenths of one cent per pound,” and finally ‘* That no rates of duty be imposed upon the articles enumerated in the Metal Schedule that the duty shall exceed 53 per cent. ad valorem.” On July 16 Mr. Whiting introduced House bill 9566, providing ‘‘ That from and after the passage of this act there shall be paid upon beams, girders, joists, angles, channels, car-truck channels, T columns and posts, parts or sections of columns or posts, deck and bulb beams, and building forms, together with all other structural shapes of iron or steel, whether plain or punched or fitted for use, also armor plates, and all iron or steel forgings used in the construction of ships, also cast-iron pipe of every description, nine-tenths of 1 cent per pound.” — The Cornell dam, to be built on the Croton River, to increase the water sup- ply of New York, will cost $4,000,000. are simply a modified form of the device, in which the valve is raised by the counter- weight P' and closed by tank P*. The parts of the air controlling mechanism are made of non-corrosive ma- terial, and ample lubrication of the piston and main slide valves can be supplied periodically, through the air pipe, in the same manner asin the steam engine. As regards the capacity of the machine, it is clearly but a matter of sufticient size and streagth in the parts subjected to strain, able it to elevate a given quantity of water to any hight within reason. Owing to the continuous flow and the entire absence of shock or jar of the water column in discharge pipe, the danger of burst pipes and joints or broken valves is entirely obviated, and the strength of parts may be calculated from known quantities. (To be continued.) mm Norton Brothers’ new tin-plate works at Maywood, IIl., have been delayed by various unimportant but vexatious de- tails far beyond the time when they were expected to be in active operation, but matters are now rapidly getting into proper condition and in two or three weeks the | The preparatory work, which is now well plant will be running in good snape. The| started, will occupy three years, and in tests of the machinery which have been | seven years, according to the contract, the made from time to time have been emi-! structure will be complete. December 1, 1892 THE IRON AGE. 1.31 The Worthington Sectional Water- Tube Boiler. The Worthington boiler belongs to the sectional class, in which the water is con- tained in small tubes and chambers, de- signed to secure the important requisites of safety, durability, accessibility and bigh evaporative efficiency, and is designed to be economical of valuable space and at the same time to be of liberal proportions in grate area and heating surface. The interior of the entire construction, in every part and detail, is accessible from the out- side for examination, cleaning or repair. The furnace extends under the entire boiler and is of proper hight to permit the use of any kind of fuel. As will be noted, upon reference to the engravings, the tubes are arranged in transversely inclined series of several tubes per section. w@ The heating surfaces and water ways are so arranged that the movement of the Outside the furnace, opposite each end of each tube, a hand hole of proper size to admit a tube or a tube expander is pro- vided and fitted with a cap held to place with a cross bar and bolt. This cap is ac- curately faced and ground to a perfect steam and water-tight joint. The caps are exposed upon opening the side doors and can be examined or tight- ened if necessary. Upon removal of a cap, the internal condition of a tube is open to inspection, to cleaning, or, in case of leakage in the expanded joint, to re- expansion. And in case of accident to a tube or depreciation due to long usage, a new tube can be substituted with but little trouble and delay. Each end of each mud drum is provided with a removable cap accessible from outside. The furnace is lined. with fire brick. The only other brick work required to erect a stationary boiler consists of two year, 257. In numberof officers licensed, 1404. Total number of lives lost by acci- dent and other causes, 200, of which 86 were from accidental drowning; decrease in loss of life over preceding year, 138. The present steamb at laws h