The Iron Age 1892-07-14: Vol 50

‘THE The See Compound Engine. The object aimed at by the designer of this engine —Horace See of 1 Broadway, New York —was to simplify the arrange- THURSDAY, JULY 14, 1892, inder. This is due to the admission of ure cylinder. The relative arrangements of the valves IRON AGE {the valve stem itself, if prolonged, will the initial high-pressure steam only into| pass by the side, but dispense with more the interior of the valve of the high-press-| than one stuffing box on the steam chest of either cylinder and avoid the inter- vention and multiplication of long rock ment of the actuating valves for the cyl-| also are such that if the cylinders be set | shafts and beams and rods to operate the inders and the valve motions operating|to operate vertically the weight of one| valves. the valves. The drawing is a side eleva-| valve tends to counterbalance the weight | tion of a vertical compound tandem en-| of the others. gine, the steam chests being shown in vertical cross sec- tion. The letter A indicates the high pressure cylinder, B the low-pressure cylinder, C and D the piston rod; the usual connecting rod between the cross head E and the crank T is omitted. The two cyl- inders are tied together by the top frames F and by the exhaust pipe F' which con- nects the two steam chests ab. The frames F’ support the cylinders and all the upper parts. The piston valves c d are of the usual form, and their valve stems J f' are connected by rods g, respectively, to arms secured on opposite sides of the rock shaft. To one end of this rock shaft or beam is attached a rod whose lower end is secured to the eccentric rod K, which is joined in the usual way. by a strap to the eccentric h on the main shaft. This eccentric rod, between the eccentric and its outer end, is suspended by a link on a movable center, and connected by a system of rods and levers to a bell crank, m, which is connected by one of its arms and the rod J to the cross head of the reversing engineL. This reversing gear, thus arranged, represents what is known as the ‘‘radial” gear, or so- called Marshall valve gear. It is obvious that, upon a reciprocating motion being imparted to the rod depend- ing from the beam G, the latter will be caused to vi- brate upon its center, thereby reciprocating the valvese d, the lower valve d rising as upper valve c descends, and vice versa. The steam enter- ing the upper steam chest through the nozzle o will enter the cylinder through the center of the valve and escape at the ends of the valve, when tt passes down- ward, as indicated by the arrow p, through the exhaust pipe F' into the steam chest . It enters the low -press- ure cylinder from the ends of the valve, and is exhausted through the central portion of the valve, as indicated by the arrow 4. The exhaust steam pours around the cy!- inder B into the rear frame F?, which, as a hollow column, serves to conduct the ex- haust steam downwardly into the con- denser M. The following advantages are claimed for this construction: None of the packing in any of the valve- stem stuffing boxes is subjected to the high pressure of the steam coming direct from the boiler, but to only the pressure of the steam after having been at least ance exhausted after doing work in a cyl- THE SBE COMPOUND ENGINE. The arrangement of steam chests is such that the exhaust pipe connecting them serves asa framing to support the upper Although the drawings show this sys- ‘tem applied only to the double-cylinder compound type of engine, yet so accessible are all the parts, so devoid of compli- cations the arrangement of valves, and so few the con- nections for actuating the same that the system can be readily extended to the triple-expansion engine with two or three cranks, as may be desired, or to the quad- ruple-expansion engine with cylinders of suitably increas- ing volumes, and with any suitable number of cranks that may be desired. rr Two Canals. The two most remarkable waterways in the world are the Sault Ste. Marie Canal in the United States and the Suez Canal in Egypt. The former, often called the St. Mary’s Falls Canal or the ‘* Soo,” connects the waters of Lake Huron with the waters of Lake Superior. The latter brings the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea into deep water communication. The total length of the Sault Ste. Marie Canal is only about a mile—so short that when this canal is brought into comparison with the Suez Canal and some of the other great artificial waterways of the world, its extent seems to be comparatively trifling ; but when consideration is had of the purpose for which * the Soo canal was constructed and is now maintained by the Government of the United States, it is at once seen that its usefulness as a means of facilitating traffic is greater than that of any other canal the world over. Before pro- ceeding to give the official figures to prove that the St. Mary’s Falls Canal stands easily first as a marine com- mercial highway some few points in the history of the Soo may not be out of order, since they will serve to illus- trate how the country lying contiguous to the great lakes has been expanded and de- veloped primarily by the as- sistance afforded to trans- portation by this little 1-mile | stretch of artificial navigation. Previous |to the construction of the canal all |the outside supplies for places situated cylinder or to tie the upper and lowercyl-|on or in connection with the waters inders together. This system has also the advantage of shortening the cylinder ports by reducing to a minimum the distance between each valve and its cylinder, and the steam chests, being placed circumferentially out of line, not only permit the valve stem and valve rod, either or both, of the smaller cylinder to pass by the side of the steam chest of the larger cylinder, for E of Lake Superior had to be unloaded at the foot of the Sault Rapids, in the St. Mary’s River, transported over a port- age road to the head of the rapids in the river and then reshipped, a matter of considerable time and great expense. Then, to add to the difficulties and incon- veniences of the situation, the rich mines of the Superior country began to attract the attention of manufacturers, and the < nee ogee ‘| i oe ie + - ye : 3 = = OT Ay rms = “WR cn yew > : —" “s a Se We es pay ae 54 transfer and supply business which had become a great industry was found to be totally inadequate to meet the increasing demands for quicker and cheaper dispatch. Therefore, the urgency of the trade called for a ship canal, which in the course of time was constructed. A glance at any map of the United States will show the situation as above described. At the head waters of Lake Superior will be seen the cities of Duluth, Ashland, Superior, Marquette and other growing towns bordering on the waters of the lake about 1400 miles distant from New York ; and the charts of the water route of the lake region will show that nearly 900 miles of the way are deep water lake navigation, the outlet of which is the St. Mary’s River, a tortuous, rather nar- row stream approximately 75 miles long and separating the northern peninsula of Michigan from Canada. The water in this dividing line falls, in 4 running from Lake Superior to Lake Huron, atrifle over 20 feet, and 18 feet ; of this fall occurs at the Sault. The re- mainder of the descent of 2 feet is dis- tributed over the first 35 miles below that point. The first canal was built in 1855. The depth of water over the locks was nearly 13 feet, and the amount of annual tonnage which passed through was about 100,000 tons. The Sault Ste. Marie Canal of to- day disposes of over 8,000,000 tons of traffic in the course of a season. The old lock was 13 feet ; the lock now in use is of the following dimensions : Length, 515 feet ; width, 80 feet ; open- ings at the gates, 60 feet wide ; depth of water over the gate sills, 16 feet. Thus there is provided, free of any toll, a 16-foot navigable way between the waters of the two lakes. And now for a few words concerning the Suez Canal, that most successful and important of waterways, so far as the uni- verse outside of the United States is con. cerned. The value commercially, strategically and financially of a deep-water channel connecting the Mediterranean and Red seas by way of the Isthmus of Suez is too evident to need much explanation, since it does away with the circuitous route around the Cape of Good Hope for maritime traffic between Europe and the coasts of Asia. The Suez Canal, extending from Port Said on the Mediterranean to Suez on the Red Sea, runs in a line nearly north and south a distance of 100 miles at sea level without any locks. Its width varies from 299 to 300 feet, according to the strata through which it is excavated ; but the bottom width is 72 feet throughout. The depth is 26 feet. The cost of the canal was in the neighborhood of $100,000, 000. The work was all done and the canal opened to traffic at the close of the year 1869, ten years from the time that the work was first systematically taken in hand. Placing the two canals above described side by side we find that their dimensions are as follows : %) Sess = eee am tay we ee aon. suez Length of canal. 1 mile. 100 miles Width 60 feet. 72 feet. Depth . 16 feet 26 feet The statement is often made that the tonnage carried through the Sault Ste. Marie Canal is greater than that carried through the Suez Canal. If the Soo Canal was open all the year round like the Suez Canal the difference of the amount and value of business in favor of the American canal a3 compared with that of the Suez Canal and ail other great canals, would be more marked than it is. In order to show this, we abstract the following data from The Iron Age of January 21, this year. In his annual report to General Casey, Colonel Poe, the engineer in charge of the works, discusses the Soo Canal and its business aspects to the following effect: THE IRON AGE, The canal was opened during the season of 1891 for 225 days. The average num- ber of vessels passing per day for the whole season was 45.3. The size of the vessels averaged 862.1 tons per vessel. Or, arranging the facts and figures more conveniently, we obtain: Number of days canal was opened. .... Total number of vessels passed DI Se gh itn as oe, wo pe eee eee Average number of vessels ‘per day ee Total tonnage of vessels passed 225 10,192 45.é RR Shien, etierotces . iiidek aces 8,786,523 Average tonnage per vessel. ....... 2. Total freight tonnage passed through. 8,888,759 Average freight tonnage per vessel. . 872 The above figures show aslight decrease over the corresponding data for the pre- ceding year, which is accounted for in the decreased shipments of iron ore. If the value of the season’s freight be considered a large increase will be noticed, due to the unusually large wheat crop. The total valuation of commerce through the Soo Canal for the calendar year 1891 was $128, 178,208, as opposed to $102,214, 948 for the calendar year 1890. In order to make a comparison between the figures given above relating to the trade of the Sault Ste. Marie Canal and those pertaining to the Suez Canal, we ap- pend some of the facts as contained in the returns furnished to the English Foreign Office by the British directors of the Suez Canal, with respect to the navigation of that waterway during the year 1891. Last year 4207 vessels used the canal, and no fewer than 3217 of them carried the English flag. It may be taken that at least three out of every four vessels navi- gating this waterway belong to Great Britain. Germany came next and France third, some distance behind. Arranging the data to be culled from the Parliament- ary report mentioned above, we find as fol- lows: Number of days canal was opened.. .. Total number of vessels passed through. Average number of vessels per day Total gross tonnage of vessels yaanee 385 ii. 5 ERS 0 ikedanaxsix icaeeaee 217, 486 Average gross tons per vessel . awa 2,904 Total net tonnage passed through. eveere 8 698, Ti Mean net tonnage per vessel.... ....... 2,067 By comparing the data of the two tables it is apparent that except in the matter of the size of the ships which traverse the Suez Canal, the commercial movement of the St. Mary’s Falls Canal is incontestably the greater. Vessels drawing 26 feet of water can pass through the Suez Canal, whereas vessels of 16 feet only can get through the Soo. In this connection it should be stated that the Government of the United States is now at work upon the construction of a new lock at Sault and of the canal approaches thereabouts, so that a navigable depth of 20 feet will be obtoined. The dimensions of the new lock will be: Length, 800 feet; width throughout, 100 feet, with 21 feet of water on the sills. nmenniaiiiliaaaine The Harrington & King Perforating Company, 222 to 226 North Union street, Chicago, have for some time been actively engaged in increasing their facilities. They have erected a large brick building as an addition to their factory, and are now stccking it with special machinery. When the improvements under way are completed they will be in a position to make more prompt deliveries on orders than has for some time been the case. This branch of trade, in common with all other lines of manufacture, is suffering from excessive competition, and it is only by the introduction of improved machinery and processes that a fair margin can be secured on the products manufactured. The Harrington & King Perforating Com- pany have thus been obliged to invest much additional capital in their business to maintain their high standing in the trade. The methods adopted in the con. duct of their business are regulated on a remarkably systematic basis, to which July 14, 1892 they attribute much of their success. Such a perfect record is kept of every order that but a minute’s time is needed to. refer to its details. All orders are num- bered, and the number once given is car- ried through all entries, thus enabling complaints to be readily investigated or duplicate orders to be easily filled. The variety of work turned out by this estab- ;| lishment is very great, and the details would seem to be bewildering, but with the perfect system established by the com- pany everything runs as smoothly as if 2) they were turning out the most staple product. — Business Failures. According to figures furnished by Brad- street's, the number of failures taking place i in the United States in the first half of 1892 (South Dakota excepted) was 5351, or 686 less than the number for the corre- sponding period of last year. Aggregate debts of traders failing in the six months just completed make a like showing, amounting to only $56,535,521, which is less than for any similar period since the first half of 1887, and less than for any similar half year since 1882, except in 1886 and 1887. The total assets amounted to $28,935,106, which is less than any pre- vious aggregate since 1882, except for six months of 1886 and 1887. As an indication of improved commer- cial conditions throughout the country, a tabulated statement is printed in Brad- street’s showing that in the first half of 1890 there were 78 business failures in the United States in which liabilities were in excess of $100,000, with liabilities aggre- gating $21,332,000. In a like portion of 1891 the total number of such failures was 138, and of liabilities $48.411,089, more than twice as much as in the first half of 1890. In the last six months, however, the number of failures with liabilities in excess of $100,000 was 83, and the total iiabilities were only $18,422,462, less than 40 per cent. of the total liabilities for six months of 1891 ard 90 per cent. of the total for a like portion of 1890. In the six New England States the total number of failures was almost exactly the same as in the first half of 1890, while total liabilities decreased fully 30 per cent. In the four Middle States there was a slight decrease in the number of failures this year, while the falling off in debts of failing traders was about 50 per cent. A similar showing is made with regard to the eight Western States, where the number of commercial and industrial em- barrassments fell away 265, or 20 per cent., as compared witb the first half of 1891, while the decrease in aggregate lia- bilities was 42 per cent. In seven Northwestern States business failures decreased 196, or about 33 per cent., but total liabilities were\ actually larger than in the first half of 1891, due primarily to heavy losses in connection with banking and insurance failures in Minnesota and the mining and clothing embarrassments in Montana. There was a considerable improvement in the Southern States. There were 91 failures less in 13 States and in the Dis- trict of Columbia in the last six months than in a like portion of last year, a de- crease of 8 per cent. Total liabilities de- creased nearly 47 per cent. Five Pacific States show 70 failures less this year than for six months of 1891. a decrease of about 12 per cent., with a de- crease of nearly 9 per cent. in liabilities. rT The attorneys for John Roach’s estate want $204,428 from the United States Government, in settlement of arrears alleged to be due on account of the construction of the cruisers Chicago, Atlanta and Boston. July 14, 1892 THE IRON AGE. 55 — +» _ — Designing a Crank Handle. BY A. D. PENTZ, A crank handle is the most common ele- ment in machinery, and is oftener used than any other; and [ will indicate prin- ciples for its design which can be relied on as being good practice. This crank should always seem to be balanced, and for some purposes it actually should be balanced accurately. In Fig. 1 is shown its form under usual circumstances. The smaller end of the crank is dotted into the counterweighted end, and thus indicates in some degree the amount of metal there is provided to balance the handle on the smallerend. Itis perhaps possible to ex- actly intercalculate the area the handle and the counterweight each should have to bal- ance each other on a crank of this kind, but no engineer who has had the experi- ence will reattempt it. I get toward it by because a ball is two-thirds of a similar cylinder it in this case would make it necessary that the ball A should have a weight that will balance a cylinder 1,, inches in diameter and 2,5, inches long. Now, the volume of this cylinder is about 2,94, square inches, which equals in volume the ball having a diameter of about 1,7,5, inches, which is what this rule makes the ball A to be. In ordinary places this will be found to give a good enough balance, but in some positions it is required that the balance must be fine to hoid a precise adjustment on a horizontal screw or shaft in a vibrat- ing or jarring machine. In which case, because the ball A is usually in this man- ner of calculating it slightly the heavier end, it is best to drill into the turning center in the end of the ball A, and re- move enough stock to exactly balance it, and plug the end tightly afterward. If, however, that end be too light, it is better Fig. 2. KF Fig. 3. DESIGNING A CRANK HANDLE. a method like this, and do it without any attempt to be so fine as to calculate the differences of leverage, or to compute the comparative weight and balance values of the two frustums that constitute the stems, or take into exact account the two segments Jost from both balls. It is evident that as much of the ball A as is at a greater radius from the ball C than the same parts of the ball B has a greater weight by leverage than so much of itself as has a lesser radius, and more than overbalances it. Therefore, I arbi- trarily assume that this leverage will bal- ance the difference between the frustums of the two stems, and that the difference between the two ends of this crank will practically be equal to a round ball in its counterbalancing effect. Again, I further assume that the ball on the counterweight A should, to balance the haudle, be as much heavier than the ball B as the weight of that handle. I estimate a handle like D in Fig. 1 to be three-fifths of a cylinder of the same extreme diameter and length. Hence, if that handle be 1,%, inches in diameter and 38 inches long it will equal a cylinder 1,*, in diameter and 1,5, long. The ball B also should be of a diameter equal to that of the handle and to tool stock off the handle than plug the large ball with a heavier metal. Having thus found the size needed for the largest ball and determined the length over all of crank needed, lay down the line C G, Fig. 2, of a length the distance from the center of the ball on one end to that on the other. Draw the circle on the center C to indicate the ball B of Fig. 1, and that on the center G to represent the ball A; then lay down the line E F tangent to both these circles. Now bisect the line C at A, and from that point draw the circle B, also touching the line E F on its cir- cumference. The dimensions of the taper stems are got by the intersections of an angle of 45° from the centersC and G shown, and it is believed that the re- mainder of this diagram will explain itself to any mechanic. A crank handle is probably the most diverse-shaped element in machinery and in nothing is the taste of a designer more clearly indicated. While to be symmet rical there is no necessity to have any exact shape of handle, because many forms of outline are satisfactory in this particular; still, in making a crank to balance a han- dle by a ball on one end, it is requisite to have some rule by which the handle may have a known or constant volume or weight, so that the ball to balance it may be closely calculated. The diagram in Fig. 3 indicates the rule by which the handle in Fig. 1 is laid down. The shank E is not considered a part of the handie, either in weight or outline, because it, when in place, occupies a part of the ball B, which part is removed to receive it. The line C B represents the whole length of the handle, which is divided into five sections marked 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. The radius A F between sections 3 and 4 is equal to the length of the whole handle C B, and four fifths of it is below the iine C B, and the radius G A is half A F. Theare A B is described from the center G and is the outline of two-fifths of the length of the handle. The are C A is described from the center F, and part of it, I A, is the outline of the two-fifths of the middle part of the handle. The arc J I is described from the center H, has a radius one-fifth the length of the handle and describes the remaining fifth of the handle. or —— The Crown Smelting Company. Since the removal of the Crown Smeit- ing Company two years ago to their pres- ent commodious premises at Chester, Pa., on the line of the Philadelphia, Wilming- ton & Baltimore Railroad, where they have greatly increased their foundry facii- ities, their business has, we are informed, expanded in a marked degree. The works are in constant and active operation in filling orders, and the last month has been an exceptionally busy one with them. Some considerable contracts for heavy bronze castings have been completed, and others are now in hand, including a num- ber of propeller wheels and blades, while the regular work in Crown and phosphor bronze and other metal castings has been steadily proceeding to meet demands. The company have just successfully achieved a difficult piece of work in the shape of a turbine wheel 5 feet in diameter for the use of a paper mill operated by water power. The difficulty which had to be surmounted in the production of this casting was the question of expansion and contraction, the outer rim being only f-inc': in thickness, with a space of 7 inches between that and an inner circle, in which interval 30 buckets were to be cast —the inner-circle above mentioned being 2 inches thick with a flange 5 inches wide. The casting of such a complicated object in one piece so as to meet all the condi- tions required entailed a large amount of care and calculation, but the company succeeded in obtaining a perfect wheel. They have now received orders for several more of the same description. The material used was gun metal, which was found to best answer the purpose. Another interesting casting recently turned out from the estab- lishment is a baffle plate for the suppression of the spark and smoke nuisance to be used on the Shaw locomotive now being tried on the Philadelphia & Reading Rail- road. The first plate tried for this pur- pose was of steel, which on being tested proved incapable of standing the excessive heat of the fire box. The Crown Smelting Company then produced a plate formed of copper with an admixture of some other metals, cast under hydraulic pressure, which has successfully stood the severest tests and fulfilled the requirements in every respect. The company’s specialty, Crown bronze, which they claim to be of exceptional strength and toughness, is an improved phosphorized metal made in special grades for different purposes, which is particularly adapted for rolling mill brasses, locomotive and car bearings, slide valves and similar cases, where its anti-frictional and self-lubricating quali- ties render it valuable. This metal is pro- duced by a special prosess which is wy SS ~ . ae abs 2 om whe Sw . - he) aE e+) = aa. CT. | Ne — Loatehd =. Es i F Sey - ‘ willie = Pe > +2 te ae a — : on ‘3 ae is 9 BRA Oe et eS “ie 56 THE IRON AGE. July 14, 1892 peculiar to the Crown Smelting Company. The company’s new plant is well ar- ranged and very favorably located. The main foundry building, 50 x 205 feet, is fitted with all the necessary appliances for heavy marine or machinery castings, having a large brick core oven wide enough to admit two carriages, run on rails, A 15-ton crane with an arm 25 feet long is planted near the oven, and an overhead traveler of 6000 pounds capacity is also used for hoisting purposes. The melting house is attached to the foundry, and has a capacity of 12,000 pounds of metal at one heat. This, with a re verberatory furnace, enables the company to turn out a casting of as much as 20,000 pounds weight. The molten metal can be moved to any portion of the foundry by means of a traveling hoist connected with a double overhead rail. The officers of the Crown Smelting Company are George N. Crumbach, president; Frank Burns, vice-president; Henry T. Davis, secretary and treasurer, and John T. Brown, super- intendent. - a The Cost of Magnetic Concentration. In a supplementary paper on magnetic concentration, at the Tilly Foster Mine, F. H McDowell of New York reports the results of work as follows: Table of Results for 1890 and 1891. 1800. 189]. Tons. Tons. re used —— . 83,204 B4,515 Concéntrates made.... 12,305 13.066 1 ton of concentrates from...... 2.70 2.65 Cost per ton of concentrates, Ore to mill, assorting and crush- _. Cee so $0.58 $0.45 Labor: Me knees _ ; 5 ehh aed 40 Bd Ore bin.... ; a 05 OT Removing tailings.............. .08 07 ee rer rae All Analyses...... view. . wa 03 Supphes for repairs... .... .... 33 4 CE oa. ss Re ek ee a 57 43 Repairs in mill, January and PE DEE xe: ssneeeer scenes iid 08 Six new cars iste a skeaasewnn at OS ONE OEE GOR... 8 case ck cee SED $1.90 Per cent. of iron in ore.......... 27.17 27.38 Per cent. of ironin concentrates, 49.54 49.44 Per cent. of iron in tailings. ... 10.04 11.00 Number of days run by mill.... .238.7 208.8 From the time the plant was put in operation, in 1890, to January 1, 1892, there have been 78,915 tons sent to the mill, of which 60,827 tons came from the dump and 18,088 from the mine, and the total concentrates shipped to January 1, 1892, were 27,462 tons. The cost of mak- ing 1 ton of concentrates has been reduced from $2.10 in 1890 to $1.99, and this has been accomplished in the face of an abnormal increase of expenses, due to the shortened season brought about by the drought, the laying of draws for the new reservoir system, the building of walls for the increased storage of tailings and the purchase of several new cars. —>>_ The scheme of making the mechanical and other laboratories of scientific schools self sustaining appears to be growing in favor, and we see evidence of enterprise upon the part of some of the professors to attract business to their especial depart- ments. Sibley College, Cornell Univers- ity, sends out circulars from the Depart- ment of Experimental Engineering, signed by Dr. Thurston, in which attention is di- rected to their facilities for making tests of strength of materials, lubricants, effi- ciency of steam engines, &c. Attached to it is a schedule of prices signed by Pro- fessor Carpenter. This is a comparatively new industry, and it is probable, there being so few in the field, there will be no cutting of prices between the different scientific schools and colleges. Where such a limited number are interested it will be a simple matter to form a protec- tive combination and establish rates for tests. reer SSS SSS SSS sss sss ses meena one SSS SSS SSS st WORLD'S FAIR NOTES. All of the great World’s Fair buildings, except two, are practically completed. A portion of the interior finishing and deco- rating is all that remaios to be done on most of them. On the Manufactures Building and Machinery Hall work is being pushed 16 hours a day, and they are fast catching up with the other struct- ures More than 1000 men are now at work on the mammoth Manufactures Building. The force was recently doubled by order of the exposition authorities, who con- cluded that the contractor was not making as rapid progress as was desirable. The authorities are determined that all of the buildings shall be completed in time for dedication in October, and the public may be assured that this will be done. The total number of workmen at Jackson Park now exceeds 7000. It will probably be increased soon to 10,000 or more. The exposition is not out of funds Treasurer Seeberger submitted to the Board of. Directors at the meeting last week his monthly statement of the condi- tion of the exposition finances. It showed a balance on hand of something over $2,000,000 and expenditures up to date of over $7,000,000. In addition to the money now in the treasury there is $500,000 due from the city of Chicago and $1,000,000 from subscribers to the capital stock. The cash on hand and the money in sight reaches $3,700,000. The reports that the treasury was bankrupt arose from the ex- haustion of the Government appropriation for the expenses of the National Commis sion for the fiscal vear ended June 30. Provisions of the New Appropriation, In the United States Senate on the 6th inst. Chairman Allison reported the Sun. dry Civil bill with its World’s Fair amend- ments to the Senate. As the Sundry Civil bill came over from the House it merely appropriated the remainder of the $1,500, - 000 provided for in the original act for the Government exhibit and the expenses of the National Commission. The Senate Appropriation Committee has raised this limit by something over $500,000 and has incorporated the souvenir coin proposition in a separate section. The amount for the Government exhibit and for clerical help is raised from $316,500 to $500,000, and that for the National Commission from $95,000 to $320,000, of which the Ladies’ Board is to get $138,000. No change is made in the salaries, but the Director- General is allowed $10,000 for incidental and contingent expenses of his office. The National Commission is permitted to hold two meetings during the year instead of one. The House provision for closing the Government exhibits Sundays is retained, but not enlarged, so that the Senators who wanted the whole exposition closed Sun- days will have to make the fight in the open Senate. The Government aid propo- sition is made a separate feature of the bill, as follows: Section 2. That for the purpose of aiding in defraying the cost of completing the work of sreparation for inaugurating the World’s Co- umbian Exposition, authorized by the act ap- proved April 25, A. D., 1890, the Secretary of the Treasury is authorized and directed to have recoined $5,000,000 in half dollar silver coins from the uncurrent subsidiary silver coins abraded below the limitof tolerance now in the Treasury, which coins shall be of the same weight and fineness, and have in all other re- spects the same qualities as the silver half dollar now authorized by law; said coins shall also be of such design and be stam and en- graved with such inscriptions and devices as will designate their value as coins of the United States, and also make them suitable sou- venirs of said celebration of the 400th anni- versary of the discovery of America by Chris- topher Columbus, and there is hereby appro- priated from the Treasury the said $5,000,000 so coined; and the Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to pay the same as lawful money to the World’s Columbian Exposition monthly in such amounts as may be needed, in his dis- cretion, upon detailed estimates of the expend- itures for the succeeding month certified to him by the president of the World’s Columbian Exposition, and by the Director General of the World’s Columbian Exposition, to be approved by the Secretary of the Treasury, for labor to be done, materials to be furnished and services to be performed in prosecuting said work of preparing said exposition for opening May 4, 1893. Provided, that before the ey of the Treasury shall pay to the World’s Columbian Exposition any part of the said $5,000,000 satis- factory evidence shall be furnished him show- ing that the sum of $10,000,000 provided for by the fifth section of the actof April 25, 1890, has been collected and disbursed as required by said act; and that the said World’s Columbian Exposition shall furnish a satisfactory guar- anty to the Secretary of the Treasury that any further sum actually necessary to complete the work of said exposition to the opening thereof has been or will be provided by said corporation; but nothing herein shall be so construed as to authorize the delay or post- ponement of the preparation of the souvenir coms hereiabefore provided for, and there is hereby appropriated out of the money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated the sum of $100,000,0r so much thereof as may be necessary , toreimburse the Treasury for loss on such re- coinage. Sections 3 and 4 establish regulations for the withdrawal of the money from the Treasury and the reimbursement of the Government after the fair is over, in which the United States will receive a propor- tional share with the stockholders and the city of Chicago. Sec. 5. That 50,000 bronze medals and the necessary dies therefor, with appropriate de- vices, emblems and inscriptions commemora- tive of said exposition celebrating the 400th anniversary of the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus, shall be prepared under the supervision of the Secretary of the Treas- ury at a cost not to exceed $60,000, and the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, under the supervision of the Secretary of the Treasury, shall prepare plates and make therefrom 50,- 000 vellum impressions for diplomas at a cost not to exceed $43,000. Said medals and di- lomas shall be delivered to the World’s Colum- ian Commission, to be awarded to exhibitors in accordance with the provisions of said act of Congress, approved april 25, 1890, and is hereby appropriated from any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, the sum of $103,000. or so much thereof as may be neces- sary, to pay the expenditure authorized by this section, said sum to be reimbursed to the Treasury from the funds of the said World's Columbian Exposition upon the delivery of the said medals and said diplomas; and au- thority may be granted by the Secretary of the Treasury to the holder of the medal, prop- erly awarded to him, to have duplicates thereof made at any of the mints of the United States from gold, or silver, or bronzé, at the expense of the person desiring the same. The Board of Control have decided to ask a further amendment to the bill, so that $400,000 will be appropriated for the payment of jurors, and their appointment shall be made mandatory. Largest Canuon Ever Constructed, Krupp of Germany will exhibit at the World’s Fair the biggest cannon ever con- structed. It will weigh 122 tons. A. Lauter and G. Gillhausen, engineers, reached Chicago last week to make ar- rangements to install the big gun. ‘“*We have had great difficulty,” said Herr Lauter, ‘‘in making provision for unloading the cannon and transporting it to Chicago. In the first place, there isn’t a derrick in America sufficiently strong to hoist the gun from the ship. In the sec- ond place, the railroads and railroad bridges between Chicago and New York are not entirely adequate to carry such a load. The special car on which the can- non will be shipped will itself weigh nearly 20 tons, so that almost 142 tons will be comprised in the single load, the strain of which will have to be sustained by the railroad bridges. The Pennsyl- vania company say they can handle the car and gun. But every mile of track and every bridge over which this immense July 14, 1899 load must pass will have to be inspected before we can feel certain that the exhibit will be safely landed in Chicago.” Herr Krupp was not incliaed to go to the expense of sending the monster gun to Chicago until he was invited to do so by Emperor William. The Emperor’s invita- tion, it appears, was equivalent to a de- mand, and Herr Krupp did not hesitate to obey. Russia’s Exhibit. Russia will make a very extensive ex- hibit. It has made a preliminary appro- priation of 50,000 roubles, or $38,600, but will spend altogether, it is reported, more than half a million dollars on its representa- tion. It spent over $300,000 on its exhibit at the Philadel phia Centennial, and it is now preparing to greatly surpass what it then accomplished. The Russian exhibits will include elaborate representations of Rus- sian manufactures, agriculture, marine and transportation interests. Forestry, fish- eries and mines will also be represented. The transportation section will be of especial interest, including street cars, droskies, troikas, carriages, carts, sleighs, canoes and a number of comparatively obsolete vehicles peculiar to Russia. The art section promises to be fine, particularly in paintings and bronzes. Among the paintings already offered for the fine art galleries are two great historical canvases belonging to Ivanovski, and representing the discovery of America and landing of Columbus. The Russian Commission has also arranged for an elaborate display of the beet sugar industry, which is of great importance in Russia. Count Bobrinski, a very wealthy and influential gentleman, who owns great sugar manufactories in Southern Russia, has been requested to ar- range a collective exhibit, and also sketches and statistics showing the plantations of beet root, the appliances used for making and refining sugar, and the advantage of America’s importing Russian sugar. The Ministry of Public Domain, it is reported, will appropriate a separate sum of money for making a special collective exhibit of peasants’ local industries from several of the Russian provinces. The manufactur- ers of Poland and Finland are preparing to make a very large exhibit in the Russian section. Holland will Exhibit, Holland, which has declined to partici pate in previous expositions, has decided to come to the World’s Fair, and the King has appointed a commission composed of the leading citizens and business men of the kingdom. Consul Thayer, stationed at the Hague, has sent the names of the commissioners, who are as follows: M. Nees, vice-president of the Rotterdam Chamber of Commerce; B. Heldring, director of the Netherlands Trading Com- pany; G. M. Boissevain; Ihr Svan Citters, clerk to the Minister at Waterstaat; and G. Birkhoff, Jr., the Netherlands Consul at Chicago. It took a great deal of work on the part of merchants and prominent people inter ested in the exposition to get the King to recognize the World’s Fair, but now that he has done so it is the intention to have a thoroughly characteristic exhibit. Nearly all the leading industries in the Kingdom have already pledged their active co-oper- ation in the development and maintenance of an adequate representation at Chicago. The special buildings will represent various styles of architecture, and the ex- hibit to be made at headquarters will be characteristically Dutch, illustrating the life and surroundings of the Dutch people. There is a desire, among other things, to build a canal running through the center of the allotted space, to have a Dutch dairy showing the process of butter and cheese making, and to have specimens of Dutch eattle. THE IRON AGE. Allotments of Space to be Made. Director General Davis has decided to begin the allotment of space within a few days to intending exhibitors at the expo- sition. Up to this time he has received from the United States applications for space from over 6000 firms. For the last two months the majority of these people have been hounding the Director-General and the chiefs of departments for permits granting them space; but no further at- tention has been paid than to inform the applicants that the question would be de- cided soon. The different department chiefs have received from the Director General a cir- cular letter of instructions telling them to furnish him by July 15 a classification of all applications, both domestic and foreign. He wants to know how much room each chief can set apart in his special building for every class of industry represented in accordance with the system of classifica- tion. His circular says the question of locality should be carefully considered with a view of encouraging a fair illustra- tion of the general development pertaining thereto. In case there has been unusual development in certain localities of which little is known to the public they should make special effort to secure a representa- tive line of exhibits. He further informs them that by July 15 they must be pre- pared to send drawings of ground floor plans of buildings of foreign commissions, indicating the amount of space and local- ity accorded to each. It is not probable that any certificates will be issued before August 1, and it may be much later than that time, but when- ever it comes there is an expectancy on the part of the department chiefs that a great howl will be raised by those who wish to exhibit. They think this will be the case, because of the fact that in each one of the devartment buildings not less than three times the amount of space available has been asked for, and everybody will have to be cut. The greatest crush is perhaps in the Department of Manufectures; although the big building constructed for these ex- hibits is said to be the largest structure in the world it is still inadequate for the de- mands. France, Germany and England have, since they discovered the extent of the fair, almost doubled their original ap- plications for space. France secured 100,- 000 square feet in the building, and has been making urgent appeals for 200,000 feet more. Chief Allison of this department thinks he can eliminate a good many applica- tions. With this purpose in view he has armed a young man with the rating book of a commercial agency, and told him to mark as worthless all applications from persons who have no commercial stand- ing. Director-General Davis does not want to begin too soon the issuance of space per- mits. The managers of the Philadelphia Centennial allotted no space until seven months before the exposition opened, and in his report Director-General Goshorn says it was most fortunate that the matter was postponed as late as it was. Applica- tions were received up to a few days be- fore the show opened, and it developed that among these late comers were some of the most important exhibits at the expo- sition. The World’s Fair will open May 1, 1893, which, from August 1, will leave an intervening gap of nine months. Mean- while there is no reason to believe from the records that more than two-thirds of the applications are now in. Philadelphia had in all about 30,000 exhibitors. Of this number 22,000 were foreign and 8000 domestic. At this time the applica- tions received are far in excess of those received for the Centennial at a cor- responding period. 57 Canada’s Exhibit, Canada will make a remarkable display of her mineral resources. The province of Ontario has determined on making a large exhibit of all the minerals found in that province, and Quebec has resolved not to be behind her sister province in this re- spect. Nova Scotia, so rich in mineral wealth, is also actively engaged in bring- ing together specimens of her richest de- posits. It is expected that the gold ores of Nova Scotia will surprise many of the visitors to the World’s Fair, while the samples from her ceal fields will afford some idea of the wonderful resources of the province in that particular. The as- bestus, mica, plumbago and phosphate deposits will form prominent features in the Quebec exhibit; while the rich nickel ores, for which Ontario is now so famous, will receive much attention from that province. The Dominion Geological Sur- vey will make a very fine exhibit, which will afford facilities for studying the mineral resources of the country, on either the limited provincial basis or from the wider Dominion standpoint. Miscellaneous, One of the exhibits in Machinery Hall will be a novel paper mill. It will he in active operation and will show all the processes of paper making from the pulp tothe finished card, which will be in the form of a World’s Fair souvenir. Secretary Agnew of the Paper Trade Club of Chicago, accompanied by several lead- ing menufacturers, have recently made arrangements with Chief Robinson for the exhibit. The progress of shipbuilding from ear- liest times up to the present will be shown by a very extensive exhibit which will be made by Laird Bros., the big English shipbuilding firm at Birkenhead. The firm’s exhibit of like character at the recent English naval exhibition attracted a great deal of attention. The Westinghouse Company began work last week on their contract for furnishing incandescent lights by placing lamps in the Woman’s Building. The designs were completed for the arc light posts, which will be reared throughout the grounds. They will number 1000 and will be eighteen feet high. One-third of the material for the electric light plant is already on tHe grounds. The railways of the Argentine Republic have granted half-tariff rates on articles intended for exhibition and free passes to members and employees of the Argentine Commission when traveling on exhibition business. New York will have one of the finest State buildings. It will be 90 feet wide by 200 feet long, and three stories high. Inclusive of donated material and decora- tions the structure will represent an ex- penditure of more than $150,000. Just back of the New York Building, in a depressed area, will be spread out flat an immense topographical map of that State. It will be 36 feet long and 26 wide, and will show the mountains, forests, rivers, towns and all of the great natural and arti- ficial features of State scenery. The State Commissioners on the 6th inst. awarded the contract for Minnesota’s Building, including the roof of Spanish tile shingles, to Libbey & Libbey of Min- neapolis for $24,140. —— The advocates of a ship canal between New York and the Delaware River are im- patient that Congress makes no appropria- tion. The proposed route is but 33} miles in length and but six locks would be re- quired. The cost is estimated at $12,000, - 1 900. “* 7 S) Sav 4th = ee a = ws Peete wy aw My ty | eS Ss. “Skee Wee - sone tees eB aha Wy > ee _ a a a — i ae ah at hd a dea? ae. » ee ee see oe - = %3 ee re NSS 58 THE IRON AGE. The Walker-Weston Clutch. The six clutches made in accordance with the drawings here presented by the Walker Mfg. Company of Cleveland, Ohio, were for the main plant of the Cleveland Cable Railway Company. Fourteen, of 1000 horse-power each, have been made forthe Third Avenue Railroad of New York. The operating mechanism for these clutches is very compact and powerful. Although the lever is only 9 feet long it is so arranged with pinion and hand wheel as to exert a power equal toa lever 54 feet long. On the shaft A is keyed the sleeve B, formed with the flange }, which is ina plane at right angles to the axis of the shaft. The sleeve C is splined on the sleeve B and is provided with the flange c, which is parallel to the flange >. The sleeve C and its flange constitute the mov- | ; = | = aw Mt || KZA “s00t8e?"Giae . YZ SO a SS R\ i WY |) ee a isaca..e” J Com iti o 771 Fig. 1.—Side Elevation and Se them and the brackets to which they are attached, whereby the wedges are moved further inward when the toggle is straightened. The wedge E is adapted to be thrust inward toward the shaft between and in engagement with the beveled surfaces on the faces of the sleeve C and collar D, thereby causing the sleeve to move away from the collar and consequently toward the flange }. Each of the wedges is moved outward and inward between the sleeve C and collar D by means of a toggle. The inner link G (shown detached in Fig. 7) of the toggle is pivoted to the wedge E and the outer link G' is pivotally con- nected to one of the jaw pieces F. When the toggle is straightened the wedges are forced inward between the faces of the fixed collar D and movable sleeve C ‘The link G*® connects the toggle joint ction on Line 1 1 of Fig. 2. THE WALKER-WESTON CLUTCH. able clutch member, and the flange } the | with the longitudinally sliding sleeve L, fixed member. Tbe movement of the flange c toward the flange > causes the interposed loose parts, which are here sh