The Iron Age 1890-07-17: Vol 46

‘THE THURSDAY, JULY 17, 1890. IRON AGE SPIRAL WELD TUBING. When, after a period of experimenting, the manufacture of spiral weld tubing was first inaugurated at East Orange, N. J., by the Spiral Weld Tube Company, through the efforts of James C. Bayles, its president, The lron Age described the Jant and machinery in that stage of its Fevelo ment. The interval of years has been devoted to untiring efforts to over- come difficulties in details in the process of manufacture, efforts which . have now been crowned with success. Firmly estab- lished as it is now, technically and com- mercially, this interesting aud unique in- dustry is worthy of attention and study. PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE. The steel rolled for the manufacture of spirally welded tubes is slit into bands 12 inches and 18 inches wide. Tubes of 6 inches to 10 inches in diameter are made from bands 12 inches wide; tubes of 12 inches and larger are made from bands 18 inches wide. There is no arbitrary rela- tion between size of pipe and width of stock, but it is more convenient to have two widths than a greater number. The sheets are at present rolled about 20 feet long, and a band of this length will make from 5 to 12 feet of pipe, according to diameter. To make ribbons of sufficient length to form a continuous pipe from 20 to 30 feet long, the strips of skelp must be welded end to end—three or four being needed, as the case may be, to make a pipe of full length. This ‘cross welding” of the skelp is performed by automatic machinery, and is a simple and economical process. The cross welds as now made are flush and practically invisible. They offer no ob- struction to the passage of the material through the pipe machine. The skelp as cross welded is rolled up and passed to the pipe machine. One end is laid on the guide table, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, and pushed to the feed rolls, which draw it in. This rate of feed is adjustable by means of a mechanism which will be explained further on. The skelp must be shaped into the form of a tube by coiling it up. It passes over the face of a stationary water-cooled anvil horn, which, being smaller than the pipe, does not in any respect serve as a mandrel. The face of this anvil horn is slightly curved, and the side next the furnace, which is always exposed to intense heat, is protected by a face of refractory material conforming to the curvature of the pipe. The formation p “i Y at Fig. 1.—Side View. SPIRAL WELD TUBE MACHINE. of the pipe is affected by a device known as the ‘‘crimper,” whieh is an oscillating curved jaw, acting against the face of the anvil horn and bending to therequired ra- | dius the steel skelp interposed between them. This ‘‘crimper” is clearly shown from the rear in Fig. 1. Thestroke is ad- justable through the means clearly shown in the drawing. It is driven by the gearing indicated, the motion coming from the main driving shaft through the interven- tion of a ratchet and pawl, indicated in Fig. 2. The metal so bent is guided in a cylin- | drical path across and around the anvil to the furnace and to the opposite side of the | anvil, to bring it adjacent to the heated edge ofthe straight skelp. To avoid the friction of the sheet against the ‘‘ former block,” anti-friction rollers are provided at frequent intervals, set parallel to the sprial seam of the pipe. The inclination of the triction rollers tends to = the pipe for- ward as fast as it is produced. They are well shown in Fig. 1. The two edges to be united by welding are the one straight edge of the skelp as it enters, and the outer edge of the ; coiled sheet as it comes upward around the anvil horn after passing the “‘ crimper.”’ At this point is heeatea a small fur- nace, consisting simply of a mass of re- fractory material provided with a cavity, facing the refractory material of the anvil horn. Into this cavity enter one or more pipes supplying mingled air or gas under suitable pressure to form a blow pipe jet directed toward the edges of the sheet metal requiring welding. Fig. 3 shows clearly these blow pipes. One heats the upper or entering straight skelp, the other the lower skelp, or that which has already taken the form of the pipe. A light hammer, striking 320 blows per minute, welds the two edges together as they meet on the anvil. This hammer is F J , Shown in its upper position in Fig. 3, and | is visible, tho less distinctly, in Fig. 1, | above the rock shaft of the ‘‘crimper.” The hammer itself is driven by an independent /belt; all the other motions coming from the main driving belt clearly shown in Fig. 2. The skelp feeding mechanism is two- fold, being applied both to the skelp feed- |} ing rolls and to a set of rolls, which act upon the skelp after having passed the |crimper. An important part of the ma- |chine is the mechanism, with the aid of which the feed is varied at the will of the |operator, the guiding principle being to move the skelp along faster as soon as the welding temperature shows indications of rising too high, and to retard the feed when the skelp is not sufficiently hot to insure a thorough weld. The mechanism is controlled by the lever shown in Fig. 1, which has the position near the center of the lower portion of the back of Fig. 2. Through the arm and link there shown the feed block may be shifted. The same slotted feed block is connected by an arm with the small eccentric on the shaft, shown at the extreme right of the back of Fig. 2. The same feed block is coupled, by means 86 ’ THE IRON AGE. July 17, 1890 of a link, with a rocker mounted on the same shaft with a pawl wheel shown, and small gear wheels not shown, meshing on the one side with the wheel partly hidden by the belt. Through a heavy connecting rod, indicated in the drawing, is driven the gearing which operates the feed rolls on the skelp feed tables, there being two, one behind the other. The same gear wheel on the shaft of the pawl wheel drives, through gearing, a connecting rod machinery is to pull the pipe out of the machine axially whenever a seam or other irregularity tends to make it stick. As shown in Figs. 1 and 3, the pipe is sur- rounded by aring driven by the gearing, and provided with inclined rollers pressed elastically upon the exterior of the pipe. The — positively rotated at such a rate to the obliquity of the rollers that the pipe is drawn forward. The ring may be ad- justed in size to the various sizes of pipe than the practice developed in the many- facture of the spiral weld tube. The elements of success have been closely studied. They are great purity of the gas with the highest practicable flame tempe- rature and perfect combustion, and fur- thermore the absence in the steel of certain substances, notably sulphur. The River. side Iron Works, of eeling, W. Va. who have had a good deal of experience in producing and using steel skelp for Fig. 2.— View of Feed Mechanism. nearly horizontal, which is best seen in Fig. 1. This operates the feeding rolls acting upon the skelp in the former mold. Returning again to Fig. 2 there will be noticed a train of three gear-wheels, which drive the second shaft from the floor, in Fig. 1, through which is operated the Fig. 3.—View of Furnace and Connections. SPIRAL WELD TUBE MACHINE. made, and at the same time performs the important function of propelling the pipe when it has been so far finished that the end feeds cease to operate. The emerging pipe is sustained on supports, shown in Fig. 1, with trailing antifriction wheels which accommodate themselves to its train of four wheels shown in the front of| double motion. the machine in Fig. 1. They are all mounted on an arm, which, pivoting on the shaft, can be raised and lowered through the agency of a gear segment and the worm shown. The function of this part of the | GAS WELDING. No more complete answer could be pre- sented to those who still have their doubts as to the possibility of welding soft steel, ordinary pipe, manufacture the metal for the Spiral Weld Tube Company, but v satisfactory results have been had wi other makes of Bessemer and open hearth steels, both domestic and foreign. In fact almost any steel low in carbon, low in p> gow! and practically free from copper, will weld by this process. FINISHING PROCESS. After the pipe leaves the machine and its ends are trimmed square, which is done on a double trimming machine, obviating Sed @ AGE. 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They are then drained and cooled, when they are ready to ship. The asphalt coat- ing applied to these pipes is the best known at the present time. The natural asphalt is very hard and tough, and is devoid of volatile elements. It requires to be maintained in the dipping bath at a temperature of about 400°. When cold it is tenacious, elastic and practically inde- structible. It does not, under any con- ditions thus far known, become brittle, nor does it crumble like the coal tar pre- parations. With such a protection, which is not liable to accident or injury from an cause, a steel pipe should lie in the pet. without impeirment for many years. THE PLANT. The plant of the Spiral Weld Tube Com- pany, at East Oran N. J., a plan of which is shown in Fig. 4, has been laid out with special reference to the require- ments of the manufacture of tubing, and is well arranged for the handling of raw materials, partly finished, and final pro- duct. It occupies a tract of about eight acres, with a frontage of 1172 feet on the Bloomfield branch of the Delaware, Lacka- wanna and Western Railroad. Along it are located, as shown, the gas producers and the boiler house, elevated tracks deliv- ering the coal to the bins. With its axis lel to the railroad a side track deliver- ing the skelp alongside, lies the pipe mill proper, a well ventilated. well lighted structure, 400 x 83 feet. It contains ten cross welders, placed as indicated in the plan, and 27 pipe machines, 18 of them for manufacturing 6, 8 and 10-inch pipe, and nine for making 12 to 24-inch pipe, both inclusive. The capacity of the plant is rated at 7150 feet per ten-hour shift. The same building contains a neat engine room with electric light plant. The untrimmed pipe as it leaves the ma- chines is delivered axially through doors to the gangway, along which it is rolled, entering broadside to the building which contains the trimmer and the testing ma- chines in which the pipe is tested by hy- draulic pressure at 200 to 300 pounds per square inch, according to the diameter of the pipe. THE GAS PLANT. An interesting part of the works is the gas plant. It consists of four producers of special design, using anthracite coal, with a capacity of 300,000 cubic feet per day. Water gas is made and exclusively used, the air producer gas made during firing up not being employed. The is passed through scrubbers and is then delivered to three boxes in series, in which it is purified by allowing it to pass first through a layer of lime and then through two of iron oxide. A fourth box is al- ways out for cleaning, &c. For the sake of economy in storage capacity the fuel gas is compressed to about 30 pounds per square inch. It is burned, however, at a pressure of 15 pounds. The air for the combustion of the fuel gas is delivered from a rotary blower under a pressure of 38 inches to a 16-inch main. The ratio of air to gas consumption is about 1 to 9, and about 30 cubic feet of gas are con- sumed to 1 lineal foot ot weld. An important scheme for the develop- ment of the water power of St. Louis River, at Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, is be- ing carried through to success, all the rights and privileges of the St. Louis ater Power Company having been sold for $1,000,000 to a syndicate headed by the Wilburs, of Boston. Two dams will be built sufficient to command about) bers of the Illinois Steel Company are 64,000 horse power, and the work has been put under contract. I Chicago Building Steel Ships. On the ist inst. the keel of the first steel ship to be built at Chicago was laid in the new shipyard of the ae Shipbuilding Company. The keel of the second steel ship has ulso been laid in its place ere this. These vessels are being built for the Minne- sota Steamship Company, and will be used in the Lake Superior ore trade. They are to be of 2500 tons burden, with triple ex- pansion engines. The material for these ships is being brought from Cleveland. Within a year, however, the yard will ex- pect to use steel plates rolled by the IIli- nois Steel Company, at South Chicago. The present condition of the company’s shipyard is as follows: he He on the Calumet River is 1400 feet, and the average depth of the property 600 feet. The works cover over 20 acres of ground. There is ample room for the shops necessary for all the various trades and occupations concerned in build- ing the complete ship and for railroad tracks and sto of materials. Upon the river front of the property three slips, each 400 feet long by 100 feet wide, have been excavated to a depth of 12 feet and at right angles tothe river. Their sides will give berths for building six ships of the largest size at one time, and these will be launched sideways into the slips. Across the heads of the slips, convenient to all the berths, stretches a building 540 feet long by 75 wide, containing the boil- ers and shop enginé, heating of furnaces for molding plates and angles, blacksmith shop, plate and angle shops, small machine and pattern shop. In the second story is the ship loft with a clear floor of 200 x 50 feet. Here the lines of the ships are laid down full size from models and dimen- sions furnished from the drafting office, and the wooden molds made, by which the steel angles and plates are shaped in the shops bolew. he mold loft, plate, angle and blacksmith shops, with the office, store house and stables, have been completed. The joiner shop is being built, and the boiler shop, forge, machine shop and foundry are to follow. A basin dry dock 400 feet long will be constructed as soon as there is a sufficient demand for it. The shops have been furnished with machinery of the latest and most modern types, shears, punches, planers, counter sinkers, rolls and other appliances for working the steel and making it ready to be put together and rive in place to form the hull of the ship. The steel is brought into the yard from the mills over a side-track of the Calumet 88 | River Railroad, a branch of the Pennsyl- vania. Itis unloaded from the cars and delivered to the shops by a traveling crane of 62 feet span, built by the Brown Hoist- ing and Conveying Machine — of Cleveland, Ohio. A system of overhead tracks in the shops carries the steel to the various tools and there leavesit. A narrow- gauge line then takes it up and carries it to the building berth, where a steam canti- lever crane of 120 feet span, built of steel and running on trestle work 30 feet above ground, delivers each plate, beam or angle to its appointed place. The engines will be put into the vessels by this crane before launching and the boilers by asteel derrick on the river front after a Lake Michigan is but a mile distant from the shipyard. The Chicago Shipbuilding Company have thus entered upon actual work in shipbuilding. They will build steel ves- sels exclusively. The company were incor- rated in November, 1889, under the aws of Illinois, but Cleveland capitalists are largely interested. Prominent mem- among the leading stockholders. The bo of directors consists of M. A. Hanna, H. H. Hanna, J. F. Parkhurst, and Luther Allen, of Cleveland, Ohio; W, L. Brown, Robert Forsythe and W. L, Babcock, of Chicago. The officers are: President, John F. Parkhurst, of Cleve- land ; as and treasurer, Luther Allen, of Cleveland; manager, W. I. Bab- cock, of Chicago; secretary, Joseph H. Craig, of Chicago. Mr. Parkhurst is now the vice-president and general manager of the Globe Iron Works, of Cleveland, and is probably the best known shipbuilder on the lakes. The ability and energy of his management are attested by the great fleet of more than 80 steel ships my turned out by his company. Luther Allen is treasurer of the same company. Mr. Babcock is a young man who has earned in a few years an enviable reputation for business ability. Upon his shoulders rests the responsibility for the designing and construction of the plant, and he is practically the head of the Chicago company. He isa naval architect by profession and made this his specialty while studying engineering in the poly- technic institute of Troy, N. Y. After graduating from that school he spent several years in the employ of John Roach & Son in the great shipyards at Chester, Pa. He came to Chicago from Buffalo, N. Y., where he was superintendent of the Union Dry Dock Company. While in that position he built, from the designs of George B. Mallory, of New York, the antes which has recently broken the record between Chicago and Buffalo, the Chemung, the America, and a number of other vessels. Mr. Craig, the secretary, is the only officer of the company who is not an experienced shipbuilder. Heé resigned the auditorship of the Monon Railway to assume the position. I The Railroad Gazette recently pub- lished a table giving a complete list of the railroads that have built new main line track in the first half of 1890, also the amount of track built, the amount under contract or construction, and the amount projected or surveyed. The track built up to July 1 in the United States is 1900 miles, as compared with 1480 miles in the first half of 1889. The total built for 1889 was 5300 miles, and it is estimated that the amount built this year will probably ex- ceed 6000. This figure is given, however, with great caution, as being an extremely difficult one to predict with certainty. The Southern States east of the Mississippi lead in new construction, as they have done for the last two years. The new road built in those States so far is 54 per cent. of the whole. In the year 1889 they built 36 per cent. of all. The Southwest- ern States and Territories have this year built 16 per cent. of the total road built. The Northwestern States, in which for a number of years the greatest activity has prevailed, have built but 10 per cent. of the total mileage for the first half of 1890, and built but 10 per cent. of the total for 1889. Georgia leads all the States in the amount of road built so far this year with 183 miles. The chief characteristic is still, as it has been for many months, short extensions of old lines. ~The entire amount built so far has been by 96 com- panies, averaging less than 20 miles each ; but five of these have built over 50 miles each. The struggle to occupy new terri- tory is chiefly in the State of Washington. A dispatch from La Rochelle, France, speaks of the improved market for Amer- ican agricul machines, English mar- kets being unable to compete since the re- cent advance in wages. American agents, at the same time, are making a reduction of 10 per cent. July 17, 1890 Slow Burning Constraction. ton Manufacturers’ Mutual Fire ne tombe recently issued a cir- cular, by ©. J. H. Woodbury, describing and illustrating examples of one-story slow burning construction. We reproduce some of the drawings and accompanying text: For establishments on cheap, level land, especially where the stock is heavy, one Window Ventilator. a ‘eT fog Pitch EXAMPLES story buildings have proved to be more economial in cost of floor area, supervision, moving stock in procees of manufacture, and repairs to machinery—many kinds of which can be run at greater speeds than when in high buildings. Such buildings are readily warmed and ventilated, and heavy plank roofs are free from condensa- tion in cold weather; the large window area reduces the hours of artificial illu- THE IRON AGE mination. Forced circulation of heated air is a very desirable method of heating a mill, being economical as to maintenance and repairs, and thoroughly under control. Overhead steam pipes are very satisfactory, if used in the ratio of 1 foot of 14-inch pipe to 70 cubic feet of air. It is conve- nient in machine shops to provide rails ex- tending the length of the building under the roof timbers, for the purpose of clamp- é ARRALRBARELE : SS erp toe > 2 a) | fy _—_— Ve § 5 aay have remained sound since 1865; but double flooring at right angles can be laid on the concrete without the use of sleepers and nailed together. It is usually prefer- able to secure nailing strips to stakes 4 feet apart each way and driven to grade, concrete flush to top of strips and lay single 14-inch Soe. Piers reach to roof timbers, and light walls to window sills are finished with Machine Shop—Elevation. Skylights, 32 ft. on centers, Section { 20 ft. Span. | i ' Post; ! ' ' i i i "tt 10*10; | ; ' ' ' Foundry—Section, " Pitch 3¢ to 1 foot, Section between Posts. ' ' E Window Ventilator. We OF ONE-STORY SLOW BURNING CONSTRUCTION, ing counter shafts to these rails as may be} slope on inside. In some instances it is desired. Floors over an air space or on cement Asphalt or coal tar concrete is softened by oil, and the unless covered by laying sleep- are subject to dry rot. dust will wear see by flooring. Floors made ers on 6 inches of pebbles, tarred when hot, then 2 inches tarred sand flush to top of sleepers and covered by double flooring, permet to build brickwork up to win- ow sills and support the roof by square ts filling the spaces between the win- ows, aud which are secured to the beams by timber knees or iron brackets. Large windows are placed high and the sashes separated by a mullion; Lower sashes should be stationary and glazed with rough glass, with transom or window 90 THE IRON AGE. July 17, 18¢9 SS oaoaSoceoahaaaoeSeoaaaSaSnsnSnaassnnsocsss:nnnensssnsisannnsssnnss=stnnsSsSSSSSsSasssSsannsnnsssnesssaesesaeseseseene teenies eee eee eae a ee eee Ee ee ventilators above. If the light is too strong, apply to glass white zinc and turpentine. The swinging sashes in moni- tor can be moved in groups by bell cranks from a shaft turned by an endless screw. The connection should not be rigid, but flexible steel links or springs should be in- troduced to provide for the sashes being out of line, and also to close with them an amount of yielding pressure sufficient to prevent any jarring. Wooden mill columns, Southern pine or oak, safely sustain loads of 600 pounds per square inch; a square column is stronger than a round one of the same diameter. They should have a 1}-inch core bored from end to end, and 2}-inch holes through the column near tu each end. The columns should be securely held at each end, the base resting on iron a projecting above the floor level, and the caps at the top bolted to the roof beams. Double or solid timbers of Southern pine support the roof plank, and the ends = through the wall, and are finished as rackets to the cornice. The beams are anchored to plates in the walls by means of tongues which project into grooves across the lower side of the beams. Beam sheuld not be painted or varnished until thoroughly seasoned. The roof plank should be two hays in length, breaking joints every 3 feet. There is no need of gutters, but a concrete walk, sloping toward drains, will take the water from the roof. Do not drive nails upward into the roof plank, as moisture will condense and drop from the heads. The ventilator is made by removing a row of lights from a window and securing to the inside an inclined sash in a suitable frame, and with hinged cover having an overhanging edge. It does not interfere with the light, or motion of the sash, can be opened or closed at will, and the air being directed against the ceiling does not produce drafts. The foundry roof has no lodging place for dust if a sloping cover is placed on the small portion of beams under the sky- lights. The stringing beams hold the alternate roof beams by iron stirrups, and should be 10 x 15 inches. The roof plank should be slightly raised at the left of the skylights. EE The question has arisen whether it would be a violation of the law relating to alien contract labor for a manufacturer to emigrate to this country with his em- ployees, machinery and tools, such move- ment being free from any contract on this side of the water. Assistant Secretary Tichenor replies by referring to the terms of the law: ‘‘This language,” he says, ‘‘ evidently applies to a contract made by and between aliens, as well as to a contract made by and between an American citi- zen and aliens, although our courts, as has been decided, could not obtain jurisdiction over a non-resident alien employer enter- ing into such a contract. If, however, the alien employer should come here with his employees under such acontract as that described in the law, I presume there could be no question that the third section of the law could be en- forced inst him, provided proof were produced on trial to establish the existence of such a contract.” And again: ‘¢Tt is well known that the main object of the Alien Contract Labor law was to remedy, so far as possible, the manifold evils arising from the importation of aliens under contract to compete with our own people by working for less wages, thus either throwing them out of work, and thereby depriving them of the means of support, or greatly reducing their wages, much to their inconvenience and injury. Whether the transfer of a plant with all its laborers from a foreign country to this the evil which was sought to be remedied, has a population of 117,089, but this figure is a question concerning which considera- | was not satisfactory to the ambitious mer. tions may be properly addressed to the law- making power.” Polishing Machine. The machine we here illustrate is made by the Concord Axle Company, of Pena- cook, N. H., and is intended for polishing granite and other stone. On the end of the driving shaft is a bevel gear engaging with a similar gear on a vertical shaft, which is 4 feet long and bas a vertical ad- justment of 22inches. The weight of this shaft and of the extension shaft with pipe is counterbalanced by a weight secured to the end of a rope, the other end of which | better. chants of the town, and a fund was raised to recount the people with the result that 28,000 have been added of persons who claim that they were not enumerated. Of these a great many will be found to be duplicates, but a very conservative estimate of the increase is 7000 names, which wil] give the town nearly 125,000 total. This will place Denver at least on a par with Indianapolis, but even if we accept the estimate of the official enumerator as final, it will show a remarkable increase. Ip 1870 the population was only 4759 and the rank as a city was 65th. In 1880 the pa was 35,630 and the rank 49th, n 1890 Denver’s rank will be 25th or This was an increase of 800 per THE CONCORD POLISHING MACHINE, is attached to a swivel on the top of the main shaft and which is guided over pulleys as shown. The connection be- tween the main shaft and the extension shaft, and also the connection of the ex- tension shaft to the polishing wheel are made through universal joints, thereby allowing the polishing wheel to be moved in every direction. The engraving brings out clearly the form of the polishing wheel. All parts of the machine are made inter- changeable. I An unintentional injustice was done the city of Denver, Col., in the article on 14 of The Iron Age of date July 3, headed ‘‘Our Large Cities..’ No mention was made of that city at that time, although it will very properly come within the 100,000 class of cities. According to the official would be considered as part and parcel of | report of the Census enumerator, Denver ~ cent. from 1870 to 1880, and about 330 per cent. from 1880 to 1890. Denver's in- crease has not been merely in numbers, but there has been a very material increase in wealth, wholesale business and manu- facturing. Within a few days canvassers will be the work of collecting manufacturing statistics from the industrial establish- ments of about 1000 manufacturing centers throughout the country. The questions which manufacturers in every section will be asked to answer cover inquiry into capital invested and return on it, cost of raw materials —- emer and the wages d them, and such points. A penalty a high as $10,000, with or without one year’s imprisonment is in- curred 7 whomsoever refuses to give the inf on sought. July 17, 1890 Duplex Boring Machine. is machine is designed for boring two pump eylinders at sae time, and while the eenters are fixed, they can be built differ- ent distances apart to suit requirements. The platen is fed by a nut and a screw driven by a 24-inch feed belt. The power feed can be run either way without shift- ing the driving belt by the change gears that are operated by the lever shown over the right hand corner of the door. The feed nut can be thrown in or out of contact with the screw by one turn of a small erank. The platen has hand feed admit- ting of quick return or for counter-boring, po has a travel of 14 inches. The knee that supports the platen can be raised and low and securely bolted to the face of the column by two 4-inch bolts, with heads DUPLEX BOKING fitted to the T slots in the column. The spindles are of steel, main journals are 34 inches diameter, 6 inches long; rear journals 2,9, inches diameter 5 inches long, with a 1,',-inch hole running through; the ends-are bored to receive cutter bars or other tools, size, 2 inches at large ends, 14 inches at small end and 12 inches deep. On top of the machine a 44-inch ham- mered steel bar prcjects to receive the center supports for the ends of the boring bars when needed. The platen is 16 inches wide and 20 inches long, with T slots for attaching angle plates or work to be doné. The machine is driven by a three-step cone, large cone being 14 inches diameter and 44 inches face, and is back geared 14 to 1, giving ample power for heavy cuts. Weight about 4500 pounds. The builders are Pedrick & Ayer, 1001 Hamilton street, Philadelphia, Pa. J. Beavor Webb, the yacht designer, awarded a contract for al steam yacht to Neafie & Levy, shipbuilders, of Phila- delphia, said to be for Clarence Postley. THE IRON AGE The yacht will be of steel, 240 feet over all, 204 feet on the water line, 13 fees draft and 27 feet beam. She will have cost about $300,000 when completed, and will be one of the finest steam yachts afloat. SEE The Cruiser Maine. The construction of the big cruiser Maine at the Brooklyn Navy Yard is pro- gressing so rapidly that she will be ready for launching probably toward the close of September. The Maine is the first armored cruiser ever owned by this Government. Her displacement, 6648 tons, is more than 2000 tons greater than the Baltimore or Philadelphia and 600 tons greater than the big iron clad monitor Puritan. Her hull and machinery alone will cost $2,500, - MACHINE. 000. which is about as much the total cost of both the ships Baltimore and Phila- delphia added together. Her speed, ac- cording to the requirements, is 17 knots, and her engines, driving twin screws, are | 97 of the vertical triple expansion type. The protection of the Maine consists of an armor belt of steel 180 feet long and 11 inches thick, the two forward ends being joined by a 6-inch armored athwartship bulkhead. Ahove the beit and below the| Cha turret oval redoubts carrying 10-inch armor protect the turret bases, loading tubes and machinery. The turret armor itself, protecting 10-inch guns, mounted in pairs, varies in thickness from 10.5 inches to 11.5 inches. Besides the 10-inch guns in her two echelon turrets, the Maine will carry two 6-inch guns mounted in re- cessed bow ports, two in the superstruct- ure deck in broadside and two in quarter rts. The conning tower armor is 10 inches thick, and a 4.5-inch tube runs down from it to the protective deck. The armored deck is 2 inches thick, except on the slope at the after end of the belt, 91 where it is 4 inches thick. All the de- signs for the Maine were drawn up by the Navy Department. OO — — The Calumet Works. The Calumet Iron and Steel Com- any, at Cummings, Ill., started up their ar and puddle mills again for regular work on the 14th inst. During a shut down of nearly six weeks the new man- ager, B. L. Keen, has thoroughly over- hauled and repaired the furnaces, engines and rolls, Tie famines have had their gas flues cleaned out, the valves: and checker work repaired and changes made in some of the hearths when they were not working well. The mill and auxiliary engines and connections have been re- fitted and made steam tight, so that they will do their full duty, and all the mill engines have been fitted with condensers. New rolls have been put in where neces- sary, old ones turned up, and feed rollers and other labor-saving appliances have been attached to all the mills, including the 9-inch guide mill. These details are given to show how thoroughly the plant has been overhauled and pxt into shape. Mr. Keen has also built cad put into oper- ation during this time five out of twelve new coal fired double puddling furnaces in connection with Hazleton upright boil- ers. The new furnaces give very fair satisfaction, and turn out a very quality of muck bar, and, while it is yet a little early to come to any definite de- cision, the indications are that they will be successful in not only producing satis- factory iron, but that the waste gases will generate all the steam the mills will use. The new boilers steam well, and if after thorough test the first five now built prove satisfactory the remainder will be put u in connection with the seven other pud- dling furnaces. When these improve- ments are completed the puddle mill will have three double scrapping fur- naces, one double-double gas boiling furnace, and 12 double coal fired boilin furnaces, and it will be the largest pud- dling plant west of Youngstown. The order book of this company is in good condition, and, barring the troubles al- ways attendant upon reassembling the crews after so long a shut down, every- thing seems to be working smoothly, with the mill in a fair way to take the position it is entitled to hold in the Chicago and Northwestern markets by virtue of its lo- cation and facilities. LL Southern Cities. The rate of increase in Southern cities, according to early census reports, is re- markable. Here are some of the figures, as compiled by the New Orleans Times- Democrat : 1890, 1880. Louisville. .............+.+- wae ae EL in nctathe .= Udasn . Ec snssc maesenaede 72,456 48, Mone deel ace cedenne 65,000 37,409 SOU Sisk. essen 43,214 30,709 a uies teks tewensleens 39,300 10,358 = NIN cx nate ndkteds yn 20,550 CS tctacuhedd. onan nn . 22,248 Pee Capunde sexes 32,000 12,892 (With suburbs)........... BR! INGE Ke dco CS aieRiticwe 32,000 16,518 8 eee 31,000 6,663 Birmingham...... ........ 27,000 3,084 (With suburbs). .......... 55,000 Siw... This increase, or anything resembling it, will not be found outside of cities. The tendency of the Southern negro is to flock to the cities and engage in almost any- thing rather than stay on the soil. Another Joggins raft has gone to pieces. International law should forbid the plac- ing of such formidable obstructions on the great ocean highway. THE IRON AGE. July 17, 1899 NEW PUBLICATIONS. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE TERRITORIAL GE- OLOGIST TO THE GOVERNOR OF WYOMING, January, 1890. By Louis D. Ricketts, D.Sc. 8vo., pp. 80, paper. The recent admission of Wyoming as the forty-eighth State of the Union arouses interest in such statistical and descriptive reports as this by a competent engineer. The territorial geolo ist has given with much fidelity the Sservebiods of two years’ examination of the mineral and other natural resources of Wyoming. He has reported in detail the various coal outcrop- pings and workings. The coal measures will apparently form the greatest attraction to capitalists of all the resources of the new State. The deposits are extensive, and while they are numerous in localities, vary in thickness from unworkable seams to 15 and 20 feet. Particular attention has been —— to the Almy seams near the Utah line, the Rock Springs mines of Laramie County, and the Carbon, Dana and Hanna mines, all lying within the Union Pacific railway 20-mile limit, tho the coal fields of Northeastern and Central Wyoming, beyond this limit, have been sketched. The production of rad in Wyoming the past four years has Tons. Ss saiedde Eee tebes sceee lan ve kees 829,355 BC RE KE Ys ci SCbb cewtnnd hav ceetideced 1,170,318 iin ab chin satinen x chiedhe ise 1,409, itt es i nesnentahaminabin> 0h 1,412,958 The market for Wyoming coal is west and east along the line ot the Union Pacific railroad, and also Eastern Colorado, Southern Nebraska and Northern Kansas. The demand increases as these sections be- come populated. In 1888 there were 12 mines in Wyoming shipping coal; in 1889 there were 24 such mines. The hematite iron ores form the next most important mineral production of the new State, but the workings are not yet extensive. The notes on the petroleum fields are more interesting and promising to those who will institute more intelligent prospecting than has been done by most of the operators in Wyoming, where there are natural indications of much value. Besides the soluble salt deposits of sev- eral kinds, of which numerous small lakes present some notable examples, the other mineral resources are not deserving of jal notice. Aside from the coal pro- uction, the agricultural and grazing por- tions of the new State must be the chief reliance of its people. Forms AND LAWS FOR THE ORGANIZATION AND SUCCESSFUL MANAGEMENT OF BOARDS oF TRADE, VILLAGE IMPROVEMENT SOCIE- TriESs, &c. 12mo., paper, 130 pp. Albany. By H. Newell Gilbert, Esq ,Ticchontiea. A very long and explicit title has been given to this useful manual, which is de- signed to guide as well as stimulate to corporation advertising of towns and lo- calities. Samples of articles of organiza- tion and also of advertising are given. Its directions embrace the legal require- ments of the laws of every State in the Union, and of the Dominion of Canada, and also recommendations of important newspapers and periodicals for the use of benede a trade. e The business interests of the Swindell & Smythe Company, engineers and contrac- tors, of Pittsburgh, and those of the Alex. Laughlin Company, Incorporated, en- gineers and contractors, of Cleveland, Ohio, have been consolidated and a new company formed to be known as the 8. R. Smythe and Laughlin Company, with headquarters in the Lewis block, Pitts- burgh. A charter of incorporation has been applied for by the new concern with a capital stock of $100,000. The interest of Henry Swindell in the oid firm of the Swindell & Smythe Company, has been purchased by 8. R. Smythe. The officers of the new company are as follows: 5S. R. Smythe, president; Alex. Laughlin, vice- president and treasurer, and H. E. Smythe, secretary. Since the formation of the new company they have received some large contracts, among which may be mentioned the following: The removal of the entire furnace plant of Hussey, Binns & Co., | 874 Limited, from Pittsburgh to Charleroi, Pa.; the erection of two furnaces and necessary gas producers for the Baackes Wire Nail Company, of Cleveland, Ohio; the remodelling of the entire furnace plant of the Trumbull Iron Company, at Girard, Ohio, and the construction of five furnaces and six of their improved gas producers for Cartwright, McCurdy & Co., iron manufacturers, of Youngstown, Ohio. LL Tapping Machine. [This machine operates on the general plan of small horizontal tappers. It is geared up sufficiently to tap 1-inch diam- exchange freight with any other road out- side of the city limits and without any un- necessary switching. Products of Colorado. A display of the mineral and other prod- ucts of the State of Colorado will be given at the St. Louis Exposition this fall, under the auspices of the tate Bureau of Immi- tion and Statistics, The Legislature authorized the bureau to make an exhibi- tion each year at some point outside of the State. The first was held last fall, at which time the governor selected Chicago as the place for the display. The display was not as complete as could have been desired, on account of lack of time, but it attracted a great deal of attention and was the means of bringing many people and much foreign capital into the State. This season’s dis- play has been prepared with a great deal of care and it is thought that it will repre- sent every industry in the State. A space ot 16,000 feet has been allotted Colorado, and it is expected that every inch of it will be required to show the exhibits collected. The location in the building is a very TAPPING eter. The work is held on the face plate, and pressed on the tap by the lever shown in the cut. When the tail stock slide strikes the stop adjusting screws the driv- ing clutch is gradually drawn out of gear, and then a slight backward pressure on the lever throws in the fast running re- versing clutch. The tap chuck is a self- centering two-jawed chuck of special con- struction. The body of the chuck makes a universal joint with the end of the spindle to accommodate work out of cen- ter or taps not running true. The chuck jaws grip the round shank of the tap to center it, and also close in around the square end to drive by. The tail block is adjustable along the bed and bound by the hand wheel shown below. Chips and oil fall through the open bed to the large pan below, and the oil drains into a reser- voir when it is drawn off to supply an oil pot overhead, not shown in cut. The principal measurements of this ma- chine, which is made by the Garvin Ma- chine Company, of New York, are: Tight and loose pulleys, 8 x 3 inches; s of couutershadlh, 350; shipping weight, 540 pounds, An immense railroad freight clearing house is to be established southwest o1 Chicago, so arranged that any road can ex- MACHINE, prominent and accessible one, being near the main entrance on Olive street. The Pueblo County display will inelude an ex- hibit of the Colorado Coal and Iron Com- pany, which will gccupy 425 feet. Of this 400 feet will be used for iron ore and the balance for coal, Chaffee County will have an exhibit of marble of various colors and kinds. The display of granite and sand- stone will be large and complete, and is intended to fully represent the wonderful resources of Colorado in this line. An agricultural display will be made, as well as one of all the birds and animals in the State. The latter exhibit will comprise nearly 5000 specimens. In connection with the exhibition, daily lectures on Colorado will be given in the large music hall. These lectures will be illustrated by about 1000 views of scenery, which were fur- nished by the Colorado Midland, and Denver and Rio Grande Railroads. The entire expense of the exhibition will be borne by the State. St. Paul papers credit Heury Villard with entertaining a figantic warehousing scheme in that city, the object oa to do away with drayage between the railroads and the wholesale dealers. The expendi- ture involved is $3,000,000. July 17, 1880 THE COST OF PIG IRON. Carroll D. Wright, Commissioner of Labor, has just issued in a tabular state- ment the returns of a large number of re- ports covering the cost of the production THE IRON AGE, The furnaces in Table 2in the report use anthracite wholly or partly, as a fuel. Some of them produced Bessemer pig, others foundry iron, and others were run- ning on Gray Forge. os. 1 and 2 are evidently located close to another, since they use the same bur- dens. In fact the figures seem to indicate Table I.—The Cost of Charcoal Iron. | | = = = = | | a Eu £. | €. ., |e. | £12.44 o@ S | Of 4 oy ae ex 24 fa | 7a | 72 | 72 | 72 | 48 | 48 | Items of cost. ; a |) Ie | 1 ae ‘es | ts é ° | 6 é é é é é 4 a | &% = Toe Z Z Zz GTUD. ice cece cece cee eeeeee 150, 344) 196] 05) sas} Sas} S78 Product, toms........-- ars | 24045) 11779| 18514, 3000/2500] 1582) 14.308 Product per day, tons............. 19) 73 60) 44! 12 10 5 4 Proportion of materials per ton of | duct : ofe, per ton SSEReEGE BANOS FMOS..0mm 2.460) 1.617; 1.800) 1.882) 2.550) 2.944) 2.494) 2.257 Limestone, per ton ...-.--. +++. (a)0.888) 0.077; 0.160) 0.240) 0.567) 0.440! 0.500) 0 233 Charcoal, pertom .... ssss+.0s- 0.970; 0.905) 0.957; 0.998) 1.880) 2.070) 1.208! 0.942 Cost of material per ton of material: | Ore, per tOM ...... ceeee - cereees $4 192) $2.478) $3.852) $2.818) $2.050) $2.900) $3.995| $0.878 Limestone, per ton. ..........++++- 0.112; 2.239) 0.950) 0.688) 0.500) 0.750) 1.250) 1.010 Charcoal, per ton......... oe wees (b)7.581| 9.998) 5.500, 4.781) 6.720) 5.600) 8.958) 5.881 Cost of material per ton of pig iron: | CRE... naes beens bees. ceectsesses $10.32] .007| $6.981| $5.308| $5.228) $8.538) $9.962) $1.981 LAmestOme ...20002 ceeee — seveee 0.100, 0.178) 0.152) 0.165) ¥.283) 0.330) 0 625) 0.235 CEs ak Sacer is cvdengsrccenes 7307) 9.043) 5.267) 4.722) 9.000) 11.589) 11.631 5.541 omenl ts Total cost of materials............. 17.728) 13.223 2 350 10.190; 14.511) 20.458) 22.218) 7.757 i aden pcebtniewelaimata (c)3.589, 1.194 1.237) 3.004) 1992) 2.992 1.6u1l 1.461 Officials and c.erks..............-+. 0.761; 0.261) 0.268) 0.756) 0.533) 0.880) 0.506 0.528 Supplies and repairs........... «... 1.001; 0 480, 0.500| 0570 1.833) 0920) 0.221; 0.498 DER ec: ccaceans cidedecedtal Wibuh« 0.086; 0.044 0.106) 0.090) 0.467) 0.060) 0.127 0.085 | | Total of all cost a, Oyster shells, b. Cost of wood entering into the charcoal. | | , : } | $23.165) $15.202) $14.56) $14.700) $18.776| $25.249 $24.673) $10.270 | ec. Cost of converting wood inseparably combined with furnace labor. of pig iron made to him. The ‘report itself is not yet published. We have be- fore us the two tables for upward of 100 American and European furnaces. Mr. Wright has evidently tabulated the reports as they came to him, without undertaking to reject any of them which on their face were defective or insufficient. Thus we find one of them which gives cost figures on the basis of one day, while another has made just 100 tons per day over a period | == of 365 days. The tables are interesting, but no indications are given which might lead to the identification of the individual concerns reporting. There is room, there- fore, for considerable guessing on the part of those who are fairly familiar with the iron trade of different sections. The tables are very wide, and are difficult to study in that form. We have picked a number of the most import- ant, dropping all those which did not re- port for six months or more. In a few in- stances we have placed together reports from the same furnace running on different grades of iron. Beginning with the reports of charcoal furnaces we have the following (Table 1): The first is evidently a Maryland plaot. Three others are from the Lake Superior dis- trict, two of them in Michigan. With the exception of two, all produce hot blast charcoal iron. No. 2 is interesting as an example of a plant possessing rich and cheap ore, so that it costs only 4 cents per unit, counterbalanced, however, by costly charcoal. Nos. 8 and 4, furnaces of smaller capacity have rer and dearer ore, but cheap fuel. The most extraordinary set of figures are, however, those reported by the Southern plant No. 8. The ore, although lean, is exceptionally ch the charcoal is very low, and labor, su and repairs are below the average. have heard of & few well authenticated but issolated cases in which $11 and $12 was figured, but this is certainly the first case in which the cost has been carried down to so lowa level. The locality is one enjoying an ex- ceptional coincidence of favorable condi- tions, that they are two stacks belonging to the same plant, one of which ran the whole year, while the other produced only for a part of the year, the second apparently running on stock, ore and coke, which cost more. No. 3 is a special low phosphorus Bessemer pig, made from foreign ores on be observed, however, that the product of 22,931 tons in 181 days yields an average of 127 and not 63 tons per day. The cost of raw materials is very high, so that re- lief has evidently been by using cinder. No. 8 is one of the small anthra- cite stacks using an enormous amount of fuel, which, however, is relatively speaking, the plant being evidently located near the coal regions. Table 3 presents the reports made by by makers of coke Bessemer pig. They evidently include producers in + West- ern Pennsylvania and in Ohio. Roughly, they may be located by the relative cost of ore and fuel. Nos. 2 and 10 are notable for a low consumption of fuel, coupled with a fairly cheap ore, and, in the case of No. 2, very low labor account. The result is the low cost of $13.58 for No. 2, and $13.48 for No. 1. Nos. 12 and 11 follow, with $13.88 and $13.91. The returns evidently do not include, however, re- ports from some of