The Iron Age 1890-06-26: Vol 45

‘THE THURSDAY, JUNE 26, 1890, IRON AGB The Manufacture of Spiral Tubing. Ap interesting industry has been estab- lished recently at Detroit which is likely to place at the disposal of consumers in special branches a product particularly suitable for their requirements. During a recent visit to the works of the Detroit Spiral Tube Company, a representative of he Iron Age examined the methods of manufacture, It is based upon the simple principle of coiling strips of metal spirally around a mandrel. While single ply spiral tubing is manufactured, the princi- pal article produced is tubing made two, three or four ply. The principle involved is to make aieies by coiling a ribbon of sheet metal with its edges close to- gether, to the form of a tube, then coiling upon this tube another ribbon breaking joints with the first, and finally uniting the coils and the tubular formed barrels by solder. Experience has taught that it is difficult to wind the strips of metal with their ed abutting to each other closely. In order to avoid the difficulties growing out of it, the metal ribbon is iven a beveled edge, a, and an obversely veled edge, ¢, Fig. 2, which lap over one another closely, and are united together *& by the solder The accompanying engraving shows one of the | machines built for the Detroit Spiral Tube Company by the Builders’ Iron Foundry, of Providence, R. I. It provides simply for the rotation of and simultaneous axial gress of a large mandrel upon which the ribbons are wound. The steel and metal ribbons vary in wigth for different sizes of pipe, 4-inch being the average width. The gauges range between 20 and 26 B. 8. for steel and 24 for copper and brass. They are prepared by first trimming them to the re- quired width, after which they are run through a bath of muriate of zinc, and then through a tinning bath and are beveled. Before the steel ribbon is fed to the machine it is put through a bath of soldering fluid and from this through the solder pot and on to the machine. The solder pot is located immediately below the mandrel, as shown in the engraving, the pot being heated by oil. The man- drel is heated by forcing through it from end to end a current of air heated by the burner under the solder pot. Fig. 1. SPIRAL TUBE WINDING MACHINE. drel is made of two pieces hinged together with a wedge or key inserted between them. After the pipe is made, the wedge is withdrawn about 12 inches, thus collapsing the mandrel. The pipe is held stationary while the mandrel is quickly withdrawn by reversing the motion used in winding. Our illustration shows the machine producing a 4-ply pipe, the convolutions of one ribbon following di- rectly upon those of the previous one. All kinds of sheet metal, singly and jointly, may be employed. Thus we saw at the works in question tubes of steel lined and covered with brass or copper. The plant consists of a substantial brick building, 75x150 feet, with engine room in the rear. At present there are in place four winding machines, one of the largest size, shown in the engraving, for making 10- inch, 12-inch and 14}-inch pipe, two for 6, 7 and 8-inch pipe, and one for 3}, 4 and 5-inch. The range thus is between the 3}- The man-| inch and the 14}-inch pipe. The ci of the largest mpabiis toasted at Th font per day, that of the two medium sized at 100 feet each, and that of the small size 150 feet per day of 24 hours. The maxi- mum length of pipe is 24 feet. Besides the winding machinery the plant includes two polishing machines and three large lathes for cutting up the pipe ~_ re, a addition thereto there is a heavy toggle drawing press for stampin sheet metal work of a kinds, up to 30 inches in diameter and 12 inches depth. It is used principally for stamping heads for the cylinders manufactured. The pipe is used where a duty of high pressure is required in connection with tubes and cylinders for holding air, gas and liquids. Among the articles manu- factu are ammonia tanks, soda water tanks, shells for dynamite guns, carding cylinders, &c. The possibility of resisting high pressures will be understood when it is stated that the company can produce from 2 ply of No. 26 steel to 12 ply of No. 20. A compression test of a 6-inch double ply pipe 0.03 inch thick and 27.7 inches long showed an ultimate strength of 7250 pounds or 12,850 pounds per square inch, the pipe buckling opposite the inside joints of the sheet m A second compression test, also made at the Watertown Arsenal with a 7-inch pipe, yielded 9380 pounds or 13,860 pounds per square inch, the pipe buckling near the end. A 4-ply pipe 10 inches in diameter, 0.0825 inch thick, showed an ultimate strength of 114,650 pounds or 42,620 pounds ~ square inch. It buckled the steel ribbon and opened it at an interior 1072 THE IRON AGE. June 26, 1890 joint at the edge of the ribbon. Sharp, snapping sounds were observed at 108,200 pounds. The company, who have been operating for some time past, have the following officers : Wells W. Leggett, president ; C. A. Newcomb, vice-president ; E. C. Van Nusan, secretary and treasurer, and George U. Reynolds, New York, consult- ing engineer. THE SENATE TARIFF BILL. We present below an analysis of the present duties on iron and steel as com- with the rates in the House and ate bills: Tron Ore.—Iron ore remains at 75 cents r ton, both the House and the Senate ill adding a proviso that no deduction shall be made from the weight of the ore on account of moisture which may be -chemically or physically combined there- with. The iron. pyrites clause provides that ore containing more than 2 per cent. of copper shall pay, in addition to the 75 cents per ton, 1} cents according to the MC Lhddkdddiickieiciitetctccagcarccnccccacccccccccccccncccccccce SESS —— <S SSS SS SSS Soeeees SSeeeroseoor Kiitdddddddddhdddidddddddddddaiisdiddidsdidididiétessissssiiiiiéa SSS Fig. 2.—Section of Spiral Wound Tube. House bill and 4 cent per pound for the copper contained therein, according to the Senate bill. _ Pig Iron and Scrap.—Pig iron, spiegel- eisen, ferromanganese and scrap remain as at present, 1.3 cents per pound. Bar Iron.—The bar iron rate is un- changed throughout, nor has any change been made in the round iron clause. Beams.—Beams, girders, joists, angles, channels, car truck channels, double T’s, columns and posts, or parts or sections of columns and posts, deck and bulb beams and building forms, together with all other structural shapes of iron and steel, whether plain or cut or fitted for use, 0.9 cent per pound both in the House and Senate bills, the present rate being 1.25 cents per pound. Boiler Plate.—The boiler plate clause, adopted both by the Senate and House bills, is identical with that proposed by the Senate bill last year, reading as fol- lows, the present rate being $28 per ton: Boiler (or other plate), iron or steel, ex- cept saw plates, hereinafter provided for, not thinner than No. 10 wire gauge, sheared or unsheared, and skelp iron or steel sheared or rolled in grooves, valued at two cents per pound or less, one cent per pound; valued above two cents and and not above three cents per pound, one and two-tenth cents per pound; valued above three cents and not above four cents per pound, one and six-teenths cents per pound; valued above four cents and not above seven cents per pound, two cents per pound; valued above seven cents and not above ten cents per pound, two and eight-tenths cents per pound; valued above ten cents and not above thir- teen cents per pound, three and one-half cents per pound; valued above thirteen cents per pound, forty-five per cent. ad valorem. Provided, that all plate iron or steel, thinner than No. 10 wire gauge, shall pay duty as iron or steel sheets. rolled (smoothed only, not polished) shall pay one-quarter of one cent. pound more duty than the corresponding gauges of common or black sheet or taggers iron or steel. Sheets or plates of iron or steel, or tag- gers iron or steel, coated with tin or lead, or with a mixture of which these metals or either of them is a component part, b the dipping or any other process, an commercially known as tin plates, terne plates, and taggers tin, 1 cent per pound until July 1, 1891. Steel Ingots, Billets, &ce.—In the Steel clause the following changes have been made, the bracketed parts applying to the House rate, while the italicised figures are those of the Senate: Steel ingots, cogged ingots, blooms, and slabs, by whatever rocess made ; die blocks or blanks ; bil- ets and bars and tapered or beveled bars ; steamer, crank, and other shafts, shafting; wrist or crank pins ; connecting-rods and piston-rods ; pressed, sheared or stamped shapes ; saw-plates, wholly or partiall manufactured ; hammer-molds or sw steel ; gun-barrel molds not in bars ; al- loys used as substitutes for steel tools ; all descriptions and shapes of dry sand, loam, or iron-molded steel castings ; sheets and plates not specially provided for in this act ; and steel in all forms and shapes not specially provided for in this act ; all of the above valued at one cent per pound or less (five-tenths) four-tenthe of one cent per pound ; valued above one cent and not above one and four-tenths per pound (six- tenths) jire-tenths of one cent per pound ; valued above one and four-tenths and not above one and eight-tenths cents per pound Forgings.—The paragraph relating to forgings, unenumerated, is the same adopted in the Senate bill of last year, be- ing two ond three-tenths cents per pound, with a proviso that no forgings are to Pay less than 45 per cent. ad valorem. The present rate is 2} cents per pound. Hoop Iron.—The hoop iron clause reads as follows, the bracketed numbers being those adopted by the House, while the others are those fixed by the Senate. The oe rate is 1 cent per pound for hoop ron not thinner than number 10, $26.88 for 11 and 20, and $31.36 thinner than 20. Hoop, or band, or scroll, or other iron or steel, valued at 3 cents per pound or less, 8 inches or less in width, and less than $ inch thick and not thinner than No. 10 wire gauge, 1 cent per pound; thinner than No. 10 wire gauge and not thinner than number (seventeen) twenty wire gauge, one and one-tenth cents per pound; thinner than number (seventeen) twenty wire gauge, one and 0.3 cents per pound. Provided, That hoop or band iron, or hoop or band steel, cut to length, or wholly or a manufactured into hoops or ties or baling purposes, barrel hoops of iron or steel, oe loon or band iron, or hoop or band steel flared, splayed or punched, with or without buckles or fastenings, shall pay 0.2 cent per pound more duty than that imposed on the hoop or band iron or steel from which they are made. Steel Rails.—The duty on steel rails, which is now $17 per ton, was reduced to 0.3 cent per pound by the House and to 0.5 cent per pound by the Senate. Sheet Iron.—The figures for sheet iron compare as follows: Present. Proposed. | (eight-tenths) seven-tenths of one cent per Thfaner then No. mati - pound ; valued above one and eight-tenths oO. > oe ot. No. 21 to No. 25.. 36.88 1'1¢ cents and not above two and two-tenths cents per pound, nine-tenths of one cent No. 26 to No. 29. 38.60 | oot t 1.4¢ per pees ; valued above two and two- Thinner than No. tenths cents, and not above three cents per TR ccccsccresee 30 per cent ee pound, one and two-tenths cents per Galvanized Plates and Tin Plate.—The bracketed portions were stricken out of the House bill by the Senate, which sub- stituted italicized rates: All iron or steel sheets or plates, and all hoop, band, or scroll iron or steel, excepting what are known commercially as tia plates, terne plates, and taggers tin, and (here) herein- after provided for, when galvanized or coated with zinc or spelter, or other metals, or any alloy of those metals, shall pay (three-fourths) one-half of one cent. per pound more duty than the rates imposed by the preceding pangnes upon the cor- responding gauges, or forms, of common or black sheet or taggers iron or steel; and on and after July 1, 1891, all iron or steel sheets or plates, or taggers iron coated with tin or lead er with a mixture of which these metals or either of them is a compo- nent part, by the dipping or any other process, and commercially known as tin plates, terne plates, and taggers tin, shall pay two and two-tenths cents per pound: (Provided, That on and after July 1, 1891, manufactures of which tin plates, terne plates and taggers tin are compo- nent materials of chief value, and all arti- cles, vessels or wares manufactured, stamped or drawn from sheet iron or sheet steel, such material being compo- nent of chief value, and coated wholly or in part with tin or lead or a mixture of which these metals or either of them is a component part, shall pay in addition to the rate of duty upon tin plates, terne plates, and taggers tin an ad valorem duty of 35 per cent.) Sheet iron or sheet steel, polished; plan- ished, or glanced, by whatever name desig- nated, two and one-half cents per seend : Provided, That plate or sheet or taggers iron or steel, by whatever name designated, other than the polished, planished, on glanced herein provided for, which has been pickled or cleaned by acid, or by an other material or process, or which is cold- pound ; valued above three cents and not above four cents per pound, one and six- tenths cents per pound ; valued above four cents and not above seven cents per pound, two cents per pound ; valued above seven cents and not above ten cents per pound, two and eight-tenths cents per pound ; valued above ten cents and not above thir- teen cents per pound, three and one-half cents per pound ; valued above thirteen cents and not above sixteen cents per pound, four and two-tenths cents per pound ; valued above sixteen cents per pound, seven cents per pound. Steel.—In the general clause the Senate has stricken the following out of the House bill: On all iron or steel bars or rods of whatever shape or section, which are cold rolled, cold hammered or polished in any way in addition to the ordinary process of hot rolling or hammering, there shall be paid one-fourth of one cent per und in addition to the rates woovileh in this act; and on all strips or sheets of iron or steel of whatever shape, other than the polished, planished or glanced sheet iron, or sheet steel hereinbefore provided for, which are cold rolled, cold hammered, blued, brightened, tempered or polished by any process to such perfected surface finish, or polish better than the grade of cold rolled, smootn only, hereinbefore provided for, there shall be paid one and one-fourth cents per pound in addition to the rates provided in this act; and on steel circular saw plates there shall be paid one cent per pound in addition to the rate provided in this act for steel saw plates. _ The Senate has substituted the follow- ing: On ali iron or steel bars, rods, strips or steel sheets of whatever shape, other than the polished, planished or glanced sheet iron or sheet steel hereinbefore provided for, and on all iron or steel bars of irregular shape or section, which are cold rolled, cold ham- mered er polished inany way in addition to June 26, 1890 THE IRON AGE, 1073 the ordinary process of hot rolling or ham- mering, there shall be paid one-fourth of one cent pound in addition to the rates pro- vided in this act ; and on steel circular saw plates there shall be paid one cent per o in addition to the rate provided in this act for steel saw plates. Manufactures.—In the manufactures of iron and steel, anchors have been reduced from 2 cents, the present rate, to 1,°, cents in both bills, that being the rate, too, adopted by the Senate bill of last year. Similarly axles and axle blanks have been carried down from 2} cents now to 2 cents. Anvils or parts thereof, which are now 2 cents, were raised to 24 cents by the House and again reduced to 2 cents by the Sen- ate. Boiler tubes. which are now 3 cents, are put down to 24 cents by both Houses, that also being the rate provided in the Senate bill of last year. Cast iron, hollow ware, coated, glazed or tinned, which is now 3 cents, was placed at the same rate by the House, but reduced to 2} cents by the Senate, the same rate proposed by that body last year. On chains the Senate has struck out the bracketed proviso in the following clause: Chain or chains of all kinds, made of iron or steel, not less than finch in diameter, 1,°, cents per pound; less than } inch and not less than 4 inch in diameter, 14; cents per pound; less than ¢ inch in diameter, 24 cents per pound (but no chain or chains of any de- scription shal! pay a lower rate of duty than 45 per centum ad valorem). Cutlery.—We print in full below the rate on cutlery, in which there have been minor changes only, but which is interest- ing, since it differs materially from present rates, which are 35 per cent. ad va- lorem for cutlery not enumerated: Pen knives or pocket knives of all kinds, er parts thereof, and erasers, or parts thereof, wholly or partly manufactured, valued at not more that 50 cents per dozen, 12 cents per dozen ; valued at more than 50 cents per dozen, and not exceeding $1.50 per dozen, 50 cents per dozen ; valued at more than $1.50 per dozen, and not ex- ceeding $3 per dozen, $1 per dozen ; valued at more than $3 per dozen, $2 per dozen, and in addition thereto on all the above, 50 per centum ad valorem. Razors and razor blades, finished or unfinished, valued at less than $4 per dozen, $1 per dozen ; valued at (more than) $4 or more per dozen, $1.75 per dozen, and in ad- dition thereto on all the above razors and razor blades, 3C per centum ad valorem. Swords, sword blades and side arms, 35 per centum ad valorem. Table knives, forks, stees and all butchers’, hunting, kitchen, bread, butter, vegetable, fruit, cheese, plumbers’, painters’, palette and artists’ knives, of all sizes finished or un- finished, valued at not more than $1 per dozen pieces, 10 cents per dozen ; valued at more than $1, and not more than $2, 35 cents per dozen ; valued at more than $2, and not more than $3, 40 cents per dozen ; valued at more than $3, and not more than $8, $1 per dozen ; valued at more than $8, $2 per dozen, and in ad- dition upon all the above named articles, 80 per centum ad valorem. All carving and cooks’ knives and forks of all sizes, finished or unfinished, valued at not more than $4 per dozen pieces, $1 per dozen ; valued at more than $4, and not more than $8, $2 per dozen pieces ; valued at more than $8, and not more than $12, $3 r dozen pieces ; valued at more than $12, $5 per dozen pieces, and in addition upon all the above named articles, 30 per centum ad valorem. Firearms.—In Firearms the Senate has substituted for the bracketed rate of the House the rates following the bracketed portion: (All shot guns valued at not more than twelve dollars each, thirty-five per centum ad valorem; valued at more than twelve dollars each, forty per centum ad valorem; pistols and revolving pistols, thirty-five per centum ad valorem.) All double-barrelled, sporting, breech-loading shot-guns, valued at not more than six dol- lars each, two dollars each; valued at more than six dollars and not more than twelve dollars each, four dollars each, val- ued at more than twelve dollars each, six dollars each; and in addition thereto on all the above, thirty-five per centum ad va- lorem. Single-berrel breach-loading shot- guns, one dollar each and thirty-five per centum ad valorem. Revolving pistols valued at not more than one dollar and fifty cents each, forty cents each; valued at more than one dollar and fifty cents, one dollar each; and in addition thereto on all the above pistols, thirty-five per centum ad valorem. Needles.—In Needles the bracketed and italicized portions refer to differences be- tween the rates of the two Houses: Needles for knitting or. sewing machines, (and) erotchet needles and tape needles and bod- kins of metal, thirty-five per centum ad valorem. Needles, knitting, and all others not specially provided for in this act (fifteen cents per thousand), twenty-five per centum ad valorem. Metals. —Among the miscellaneous met- als and manufactures we note the following differences between the two Houses: Alu- minium or aluminum, (manufactured or) in crude form, alloys of any kind in which aluminum is the component material of chief value, (thirty-five) twenty per centum ad valorem. Bronze powder fifteen (cents per pound) per centum ad valorem; bronze or Dutch metal, (or aluminum,) in leaf, ten cents per package of one hundred leaves. Copper imported in the form of ores (one and one-fourth cents) one-half of one cent per pound on each pound of fine cop- per contained therein. Old copper, fit only for remanufacture, clippings from new copper, and all composition metal of which copper is a component material of chief value, not specially provided for in this act (one and three-fourths cents), one cent per pound. Regulus of copper and black or coarse copper, and copper cement (one and three- fourths cents), one cent per pound on each pound of fine copper contained therein. Copper in plates, bars, ingots, Chili or other pigs, and in other forms, not manu- factured, not specially provided for in this act (two cents), one and one-fourth cents per pound. It will be observed that a further re- duction has been made in copper by the Senate as compared with the rates pro- vided by the House. , The Lead clauses are interesting as cov- ering the much debated Silver-ore ques- tion : Lead ore and lead dross, one and one- half cents per pound: Provided, That silver ore and all other ores containing lead shall pay a duty of one and one-half cents per pound on the lead contained therein, according to sample and assay at the port of entry. Lead in pigs and bars, molten and old refuse lead run into blocks and bars, and old scrap lead, fit only to be remanufact- ured, two cents per pound, Lead in sheets, pipes, shot, glaziers’ lead arid lead wire, two and one-half cents per pound. Metallic mineral substances in a crude state and metals unwrought, not specially provided for in this act, twenty per centum ad valorem; (mica, thirty-five per centum ad valorem). The Senate has cut down the nickel rates, and has reduced also those on spelter. The general clause has been changed from that in brackets proposed by the House to that italicized. for the Senate: (Nickel in matte, or other crude form not ready for consumption in the arts, three cents per pound on the nickel con- tained therein.) ‘Nickel, nickel oxide, alloy of any kind in which nickel is the component material of chief value (fifteen), eight cents pound. Zinc in blocks of pigs (one and three- fourths cents) one and one-half cents per pound. (Manufactures, articles, or wares, not specially provided for in this act, made of iron, steel, lead, copper, nickel, pewter, tin, zinc, gold, silver, platinum, or of which these of any other metal shall be the component material of chief value and whether partly or wholly manufactured, forty-five per centum ad valorem.) Manu- JSactures, articles, or wares, not specially enumerated or provided for in this act, com- posed wholly or in part of iron, steel, lead, , nickel, pewter, tin, zine, gold, silver, platinum, aluminum or ‘any other metal, and whether partly or wholly manufactured, forty-five per centum ad valorem. Oo EE Weekly Wages in the Factories. Part 5 of the current annual report of the Massachusetts State Bureau of Labor Statistics presents a classification, accord- ing to rates, of the weekly wages paid in the manufacturing industries of that State in 1885. This method gives amuch more ex- act view of the returns to wage earners than the method of averages obtained by divid ing the whole amount paid in wages in a given industry by the whole aumber of workers, which at best presents only an approximate idea of the prevailing wage. Of the 379,328 persons employed in manu- facturing in 1885, 248,200, or 65 per cent. are represented in this report. The ag- gregate results for all industries follow: No. v- ling specified| Percentages. wages. | z | 3 | g | 3 s|eials a = feet et Under $5 a week. ..|15,713 25,401; 8.9] 34.5 $5, but under $6....| 8,48214,719| 4.8 20.0 $6, but under $7... .| 11,829)/13,445, 6.7, 18.3 $7, but under $8... .| 14.663} 7,920, 8.3 10.7 $8, but under $9.... 12,612) 4,411, 7.2 6.0 $9. but under $10. ..| 19.596] 3,122! 11.2) 4.2 $10, but under $12. .| 23,961] 2,356) 13.7 3.2 $12, but under $15. .| 33,847) 1,307| 19.3, 1.1 $15, but under $20../27,076| 485) 15.4) 0.6 $20 and over. 268 4.0 0.3 It requires but a glance at this table to learn how and in what amount wages are distributed in the manufacturing industries of Massachusetts. Thus, 15,713 or 8.9 per cent. of the total males for whom wages are returned, and 25,401 or 34.5 per cent. of the females, receive less than $5 a week, &c. Grouping those receiving less than $8 it will be found 83.5 per cent. of the women and 28.7 per cent. of the men are included. More than half the women get less than $6 a week, and more than half the men get over $10 a week. Again it will be found that all but 4 per cent. of the men get less than $20 a week, and all but 2.6 per cent. of the women get less than $12. Of the total number of both sexes, more than one-half earn under $9, and nearly three-fourths under $12. But ~ it should be remembered that most of the males earning less than $5 or $6 are minors, and many of the females in that class young girls. Still, if less than $10 be considered a small wage for a workman of ordinary skill, we must conclude that the factory employees of the State are not as a rule overpaid. Either this seems the case, or avery much larger proportion of the workers than appears are boys, girls and unskilled workmen. 1074 THE IRON AGE. June 26, 1890 New Power and Clamp Drill. This power drill has a spindle 1,',-inch in diameter ‘and 28 inches long and will drill 5} inches deep to the center of a 16- inch circle. The greatest distance from the spindle to the table is 23 inches and forming of them after a certain limit of wear has been reached, as in the case of groove and ridge wheels, which for effi- ciency are excelled by none. But the points of the ridges soon wear to the bot- toms of the grooves, when they tend to split up into disks, and must be sent to the Clamp Drill, the vertical movement of the table is 173 inches. The drill socket screws on to the spindle and takes drills with ¢}-inch round shank. It can be removed and a 24-inch universal chuck put on in its place, this chuck being also made by the manufact- urers of the drill, Geo. Burnham & Co., of Worcester, Mass. The drill has a lever feed which can be adjusted to any position of the drill. The countershaft has a 3-step cone pulley and a 7-inch tight and loose pulley for a 24-inch belt. The main feature of the clamp drill is that a hole can be drilled at any angle by means of the swivel shown in the engrav- ing. The posts of this drill are made of 24-inch steel; it takes a 4-inch round shank drill and will drill a § hole 2} inches deep at any angle. Friction Gearing. Wheels acting upon each other by the adhesion of their contracting surfaces are used in connection with certain kinds of machines 1n preference to toothed wheels, hence they take the name of friction gears. The subject of friction gearing is a very simple one when the fact is kept in mind that friction, as here employed, is the tendency of something that is sliding to . drag along with it that on which it slides. Plain wheels rolling together are not truly friction gears, because no friction between their contracting ‘surfaces is generated, except by accident. Actual friction, and its consequent abrasion of the surfaces, are involved in the idea of friction gears. Abrasion of the surfaces increases the adhe- sion of every kind of friction gearing; and it is of re importance that the form of the wheels should be such as to allow abrasion to take place without putting them out of true, or necessitating the re- Power Drill with Lever Feed. machine shop to receive further clearance and a general fixing up. Abrasion, seen in their rapid diminution, is the secret of their advantage. In a competitive test of friction gears, material, diameters and velocities being alike, those that wear A very simple form of friction gearing, yet one which appears to satisfy all the conditions, recently patented, is used by Henderson Bros., Waterbury, Conn., for driving tumbling barrels, the manufacture of which articles is their specialty. It consists of plain wheels having their line of contact at a slight angle from the true line of rolling contact. In other words, their axes being parallel, the line of con- tact is not parallel with them. But to so small an extent is the divergence carried, that end thrust on the collars of the shafts is scarcely felt. A portion of the weight of one end of the tumbling barrel is all that presses them together, and they work admirably. They are used on barrels erected in sets, making each barrel inde- pendent as regards its starting and stop- ping. Well-constructed friction gears possess a surprising degree of positiveness, Their safety, facility, simplicity and still- ness must commend their use for many purposes, Forestry Interests of the United States.—The following rough estimates have been prepared by the Forestry Divi- sion of the United States Agricultural Department: Acres covered with wood growth, or 26 per cent. of total land area. 450,000,000 Acres burned over in census year, on adsl as roshenenstaase. States Ry ‘orresponding loss ma sss Acres cut over annually..... ..... 25,000,000 Wood consumed annually : Timber and lumber, cubic feet..... 4,800,000,000 Railways, “ 500,000,000 Fences, we eT) at rte Ahh lM teat 18,000,000,000 Mining timber, ot 150,000,000 , La Re * .... « 24,000,000,000 Value of wood consumed annually. $1,000,000,000 Wood growing annually on the resent forest area of the United tates, cubic feet.... ..........-6. 12,000.000,000 Saw mill eogeary of the United ER UE MEE dcntn GAcrapshne 60,000,000,000 Timber lands belonging to the United States Government, acres 70,000,000 Value of timber reported stolen from public lands during seven PR ee ee . $36,719,985 Amount récovered during same DUES... Sd udeeduhs pad cbs oun ddeth We $478,073 Amount expended for protective GRUEGD icky: Ses renedrevecbcagese $475,000 Water-works in the United States and Canada, according to statistics presented at a convention just held in Chicago, have trebled in the last ten years, growing from FRICTION away most rapidly will be surest to win the | 660 in 1881 to 1900 to-day. The rate of abrasion to be allowed | invested is $500,000,000, prize GEARED TUMBLING BARRELS. The capital their annual will determine the breadth of the contact-| revenue is $50,000,000, their mains are ing surfaces. To minimize abrasion to a| 80,000 miles long, and they have 2,000,000 int consistent with the beneficial use of | taps. The vast bulk of these are owned it is quite a proper aim; but to prevent it, | by the people and carried on by munici- if it were possible, would be a mistake. palities. June 26, 1890 THE NEW WAGES SCALES. Western Scale. The National Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers has issued the Pittsburgh scale of prices governing wages in the rolling mills and nail factories West of the Allegheny Mountains, Ths introductory paragraph in the new scale proposed omits the following sec- tion : It is understood that in mills running on specialties separate contracts may be made be- tween manufacturers, rollers and heaters with- out interfering with this agreement. The third section has been modified in the following manner in the present scale, which reads - That in mills now giving extra help to the heater the usage in vogue shall continue, but in mills where no help has been given, it is agreed that (this part is dropped from the pres- ent memorandum of agreement, which con- tinues to read as before) on all iron or steel woes 160 pounds or over, extra help shall be furnished lo the heater, the same to be paid by the company. Boiling.—The scale for boiling remains unchanged, on the basis of $5.50 per ton of 2240 pounds on a 2-cent bar iron card, advancing 10 cents per ton for every 1, cent advance in the bar iron card. In the ac- companying notes the following new features have been added : 1. The charge for boiling furnaces shall be as follows: mo furnaces, five hundred (500) poe pr eat ; double furnaces, one thousand (1000) pounds per heat ; double double furnaces, two thousand (2000) pounds per heat, and the two week’s work shall be averaged. 2. In order to insure uniformity of iron in boiling furnaces and avoid the increasing cus- tom of running in strong for common iron, thus increasing the hours and work of the boiler, the limit of time for each heat shall be as follows: For a single furnace, one hour and forty-five minutes ; for a double furnace, one hour and fifty minutes, and for a double double furnace, two hours. 8. Where it is shown that five or more boil- ing furnaces in a mill take more time than specified in clause 2 to make a heat, fifty cents per ton extra shall be paid for all such iron worked. 4. One dollar ($1.00) per ton extra for de- phosphorized iron. 5. Where Bessemer pig iron is worked alone, one dollar ($1.00) per ton extra shall be paid. 6. One dollar per ton extra for all castings and runners over seventy-five pounds in one piece, and for all scrap pig metal twenty-five (25) pounds and under. 11. Bushe on cinder bottom to be one- half (44) the price paid per ton for boiling. The following section is worded in a somewhat different manner: 15, For working iron with pot metal or stove plate mixed, fifty (50) cents per ton extra shall be paid. Or where metal or stove plate is worked alone, or fifty (50) cents per ton extra shall be charged. Muck or Puddle Mill.—The following has been added: 4. In no case shall any deduction of weight be taken from the roller on account of over- weight by the boilers. He shall be paid full = or all iron that passes through the Scrapping and Busheling.—The rate on scrapping and busheling has remained the sam .00 on a 2-cent card, with an ad- vance of 3 cents per ton for every }; cent in the card. e following notes have been somewhat changed : 2. pone on sand bottom to be fifty (50) cents per ton above the current price for piles on boards. 8. Busheling scrap and wre iron turn- ings mixed on sand bottom s be one-half the current price, per ton, paid for boiling. Knobbling.—No chang has been made, the rate remaining $4.70 for scrap knob- bling and $6.11 for refined iron on a 2-cent card Heating Slabs and Shingling.—The rate remains 75 cents for shingling muck iron and rehammered iron, 82} cents for shin- gling charcoal iron, and 75 cents per ton or heating and also shingling slabs and THE IRON AGE. doubling, ail based on a 2 cent bar iron card Bar and Nail Plate Mills.—The card re- mains the same, 70 cents per ton for bai rolling and heating on a 2-cent card. The following notes modify former rates, or are entirely new: 1. All sizes below one and one-half by one half (144 x 4) inch flats, and all shapes weigh- ing three one-half (314) ds and under, r lineal foot, when worked on a bar or welve-inch mill, to be paid for at guide mill prices. 2. One inch rounds, seven-eighths (%) squares, and all sizes below. when worked on a bar or twelve-inch mill, shall be paid for at guide mill prices. 7. On all two-high bar mills working bar or skelp iron, one man’s = shall be furnished a the firm on piles of one hundred and fifty (150) pounds, and an additional man for two hun dred and fifty (250) pounds, to shove under at the rolls, on all passes. 8. Night turn rollers on bar, twelve inch and skelp shall be paid at the rate of (50) per cent. of what the mill turns out on his turn, he to pay no one, except he employs a man to do his own work, which case the night turn roller must Sey such help. 9. Ro og down on bar and twelve-inch mills be not less than thirty (30) per cent. of the rollers’ 10. Ro up on bar and twelve-inch mills shall not be less than forty-two and one- half (42 cent. of the price paid for catch- ing = coat mnie, . ~ Guide, Ten-Inch Hoop and Cotton Tie Mills. —The new rate is as follows: It is agreed that the base price at a two (2) cent Western Iron Association’s card shall be the straight one dollar and forty-five cents C1. Pe ton for rolling, seventy-two and one- An for heating, thirty-six and one-fourth 44) cents for roughing, and thirty-six and one-fourth (8614) cents per ton for catching iron or steel on a guide, ten-inch, hoop or cotton tie mills with two (2) per cent. additional for each one-tenth (1-10) advance on said card from two (2) to two and five-tenths (2 5-10) cent card,and for each one-tenth (1-10) advance or decline above the two and five- tenths (25-10) cent card three (3) per cent. shall be added or deducted as the case may be. The roller, night turn roller, heaters, roughers and catchers shall, each, be paid by the com- pany. In all the scales under this heading, in- cluding guide sizes, nut iron, channel iron, T-iron, angles, clip or wagon iron, hame iron, 10-inch mill, and hoop and cotton tie mills, the rates are the same except that where formerly the price for rolling was specified it is now subdivided among the rollers, heaters, roughers and catchers, the roller receiving one-half, the heater one- quarter, and the rougher and catcher each one-eight. For instance, where formerly the price for rolling 4, round and squares was $9.50, it is now $4.75 to the roller, $2.37} to the heater, $1.18 to the rougher, and $1.18} to the catcher. In the hoop aad cotton tie mills the fol- lowing to additional rates are gven: laldly Sizes. 5 | P| 3 elimi 2s 6 one upward tol ¥ 2 z % ee 1.45 |0.723¢/0.36%/\0.36 Lighter than No. 15.| 1.673<| 83% 41%¢| 41 | In the accompanying notes the follow- | two ing has been changed: 3. All sizes made from a and lighter re-worked billet made from all muck and cut to regular vee twenty- five (25) cents = ton less for rolling, twelve and one-half (1244) cents ton less for heat- ing, six and one-fourth (614) cents ton less for roughing, and six and one-fo (614) cents r ton for catching, be paid, but for work- steel billets full prices shall be paid. sizes of the billet formerly have been 11¢ cents and lighter. The clause relating to half ovals below regular gauge, one quarter the thickness of its width to be classed as hoop prices, is changed as follows: 4, All half ovals below regular , one- fourth (34) the thickness of its width, ‘shall be regular two (2) inch 1075 paid for as follows the same to advance and decline as per regular scale : i eee a| a | @ ies cnial | $5.50] $2.75 | $1.3734| $1.3734 $6 eases Ie | 3.25} 2.6234 L3ii| 1 31S aces | 495] 2.12%¢| 1.06%| 1.06% Matas. tig? 2:95} 1.473¢| .73%| . 78% Pe ahem 2.50) 1:25") -62i4) 08%4 5. For cut hoops, No. 10 and lighter, the fol- lowing extras shall be paid: Rolling, fifteen (15) cents; heating, seven and one-half (7%<) cents; roughing, three and three-fourths (384) cents, aad catching, three and three fourths (834) cents per ton. The following additions have also been made: 9. Where a mill averages over $30.00 per day the roller shall pay one-half (34) the wages for a third rougher during the months of June, July and August, said extra man to help both rougher and catcher. Plate and Tank Mills.—The rate on roll- ing common iron has been reduced from 80 cents per ton to 72 cents, advancing 2 cents per ton for every ;}, cent advance in the card rate. The scale introduced « new feature, the rate for heating common iron 80 cents on a 2-cent scale, advancing 2 cents for each , cent advance in the card iron rate. The following extras have been added : ; 1. For Nos. 10 and 11 gauges, 20 cents per ton above common prices. 2. For Nos. 12 and 13 gauges, 30 cents per ton above common prices. 3. For Nos, 14and 15 gauges, 40 cents per ton above common prices. 4. For Nos. 16 and 17 gauges, 50 cents per ton above common prices. Rolling Pipe Tron on Sheet and Jobbing Mills.—No change has been made, the rate remaining $3.40 per ton on a 2-cent card. Sheet Mill.—The price remains the same, at $3.60 for No. 8 and heavier. In the notes there is inserted the following: 6. For pickle finish, or pickled in the rough, either iron or steel, worked on sheet mills, thirty three and one-third (3314) per cent. extra shall be paid for the same. 8 Sheet mills working three (38) turns that make tin and black plate shall be permitted to work three (8) turns of eight (8) hours each, of seven (7) heats each turn. 9. On jobbing mills, 26 slabs for single and 15 slabs for double sheets of steel shall be the limit of charge each heat. Sheet Mill Hands’ Scale.—This remains the same, except that the following addi- tions have been made: 9. Sheet mills working iron or steel one hun- dred and twenty (120) inches long and over, the day hands shall be paid an average day’s work for the same. 10. Mills working narrow widths and short ae below including 28 inches wide and 84 inches long, shall be allowed to make eight (8) heats for a turn’s work, and for each turn of eight (8) heats the day hands shall be paid in p i This clause shall only ap- ply to mills that make a uniformly eee of nesvow width end chert length 12. All sheet and jobbing worki sheets over thirty (80) inches wide shall classed as large double mills. Roughing and Catching on Sheet and Jobbing Mills. —The memorandum of agree- ment now reads : It is understood that hers and catchers on sheet and jobbing mills 1, each, be paid E The as follows, based on a two (2) cent Western Associations’ card, with two (2) per ceat. additional for each one-tenth (1-10) advance of said card, and two oa decline for each deduction of one-tenth (1-10) from said card, but it shall not go below a two (2) cent card. On large sheet and jobbing mils the wages for roughing and catching 1 be $2.60 per turn, each, of seven (7) heats, and when eigh (8) heats are made the rougher and cate cot 1076 THE IRON AGE, June 26, 1890 shall each be paid $3.00 per . But the price for roughing and oe on small sheet mills shall be the regular $2.25, each, day of seven (7) heats. i The classification of work has not been changed, but in the notes the following has been added : 7. Mills working narrow widths and short ee below and including 28 inches wide 84 inches long, shall be allowed to make eight (8) heats for a turn’s work, and for each turn of eight (8) heats the rougher and catcher shall, each, be paid at the rate of $2.57 This clause shall only apply to mills that make a uniformly e amount of nar- row width and short length sheets. Eastern Scale, We print below the principal features of the Eastern scale which, the first of its kind, is to be presented this year by the National Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers to Eastern manufact- urers for signature. The scales cover a larger upward range than we have given, but we have cut out those portions above the 25-cent base, because they are of little interest : Puddling. When the selling Price pee Pud’ler’s| Helper’s EXTRA SIZES, FIRST CLASS, Band iron, x No. 14. Band iron. x Nos 18 and 14. Bandiron,2 x Nos. 18 and 14. n, 2-Inch skelp iron, Scroll iron, 1 x 3-16. Scroll iron, % x 4 and 5-16. Scroll iron, 13-16 x 44 and 5-16. Scroll iron, % x 4 and 5-16, Scroll iron, 11-16 x & and 7-16, Scroll iron, 54 x & and 7-16. Rounds and squares, 7-16, 34 and 11-32. Half rounds, % inch. Ovals, 44 and 1 Inch half ovals. Tin and Black Plate Mille,—This re-| price of bar iron) ‘0p, f0r | Propor. | propor. mains the same, except the following ad-| Pe* Pound is shall be| ton is | ton is dition to the extras : a 4. For all sheets sheared into circles on tin | 2¢-.........--.+++s- | $4.00 | $257 | $1.43 and black plate mills where the loss exceeds axa. | +2 26 + ten (10) per cent. twenty (20) per cent. extra) 3100.7] alan 2.77 1.58 ae sed Tron jor #22 oe Rolling Muck Bar and Fin . Tron for tee eee eee eee . . . Sheet Iron.—This is still 50 cents on a 2- cent card for finished iron for sheet bars, NOTES. and 45 cents per ton for muck iron. Structural Mills.—There has been no material change, except that the following has been added to the notes for the 18 inch mill : 2. nue turn rollers on eighteen and twen inch mills shall be paid at the rate of fifty (50) per cent. of what the mill turns out on his turn, he to pay no one, except he employs a man to do his own work, in which case the night turn roller must pay such help. . Roughing down on eighteen and twenty inch mills shall be not less than thi (30) per cent. of the roller’s wages, and roughing up on said mills shall be not less than forty-two and one-half (ao) per cent. of the catcher’s wages on such mills. 1. All plates, or lus ions thereof, worked on large or s universal mills that can be used for tops or bottoms without re- working, shall be paid for at unfinished iron prices. 2. Steel plate crop ends rolled to lighter sizes on said mills 1 be paid for at gross 1. The output of each boiling furnace shall be averaged weekly and full weight paid for if made, as in acccrdance with the present regula- tions of each mil! as to limit allowed. 2. When castings are purchased sixty-five (65) cents per ton extra shall be paid for all weigh- ing over seventy-tive (75) pounds in one piece. Busheling. | | Busheling| Helping When the selling price | shall be, | shall be of bur iron is r ton r ton | 2240 Ibs. 40 lbs. sero rore rete SeSBRS weight charges. . : : a2 3 Rate, per ton, 2240 pounds. Continuous Trains.—No change what- 2 cL ever has been made. Ez fo ZY i Wire Rod Mills —The rates remain the a | . [psi EES same, but there have been added to the BE sis lei S| 8 S33! 6 5.8 notes the following: $3 | é |e) 2) 4 | cca] 3. i@|;S/| 8] | o | 2. No double turn rod mill shall work more == fs | = | a | x & 23s S re than ten (10) hours each turn, divided as fol- = a pre os 555 lows: From 5 a.m. to7 a.m.; from 7.45 to 12 = ptf bad \g2 | Ps noon; from 12.45 to 4.30 p.m., and not later } bite iia eed than 2.30 p.m. on Saturday. ; eT Tn ba 8. Any rod mill may work on the eight (8) | 2c...... 59 feeias |1914 1514 is 8% 15% hour plan u ment with the manage- | 2 1-lUc.... . |\60% 3h 20 116 | | 9 | 16 ment, the hours to be divided as follows: First |22-10c-. ../62 315, 20g 161 ; 13 3 turn—Start Monday at 5 a.m to 7 a.m.; from Hit 4 os oy ees \a8 a i 7 7.30 to 11.45 a.m; from 12.15p.m to 3 p.m.|357j9¢.° |" 66% 2 ns a oe 17% } | | Second turn—From 3.30 to 7 p.m.; from 7.30 tollp.m. Third turn—From 11.30 p.m. to 3 a.m.; from 3.30 to 7 a.m, Small Mitt. ORDINARY SIZES. Band iron, 24% x No. 13, wider and thicker. Band iron, 24% x No. 12, wider and thicker. Band iron,2 x No. 12, wider and thicker. Band iron, 1% x No. 10, wider and thicker. Band iron, 1% x No. 8, wider and thicker. Band iron, 15g x No. 9, wider and thicker. Bars Linch x 4, and all wider and thicker sizes. Scrolls % and % x 3 and thicker. Rounds and squares, % inch and larger. Half rounds, % inch and larger. 2% inch skelpiron. Ovals, % inch ane larger. Half ovals, 144 inch and larger. Horse shoe iron, all sizes. Journeymen Roll Turners.—The follow- ing is the roll turners’ scale once more brought forward: 1. The wages of journeymen roll turners shall be $3 per day of ten hours work, at a 2- cent card, and an increase of one-tenth (1-10) cent on the manufacturer’s bar iron card to increase the wages two (2) per cent, 2. Three hours and twenty minvtes to con- stitute a half day after the regular time. 5. For a man working all day and compelled to work the following night, with half hour for ager two days owed for the night. 4. If a man starts to work at six o’clock p.m. and works all night and the following day, he shall be entitled to two days for that night. 5. All work after the regular time on Satur- g | ate per Gen Shanetnn, MR pennes. day until Monday morning at seven o’clock be = ee j ; considered double time. we re eer | > Po 6. All regular night work to be paid time =$ re, 9 Zeit and half time. 32 elelelg el g|Sc| 93 | @ | ie ie = | Seale for Spike Outting—The scale is) 22 | 3|3|3)%|3\4| 78) gz unchanged throughout. aS e/a) 8 & 5 36 | 33 Nail Cutting.—The scale has been re- = Subd a ne ag duced from 16 cents to 14 cents on a $2 2 $ card, advancing 1 cent for each 25 cents ers oa os ss. = advance in the card rate. The reduction | 2c.......... 59 20464 34 (26l4 | 13 | Bl when self-feeders are used has been. in-|3}190°---: Qi “org 96 (aoe tase! 1334 By creased from 10 per cent, to 124 per cent. 23-100 eyo 634)8194 00 (az ¥ (15 ¥ - i ; ice-list has been | 2 410c..-.- The whole nail cutting price-list has been | 3 #ine---: (6634 Sar aaa fl 14% | 85 remodeled accordingly. wee Rate per ton therefor, 224) Ibs. «Re. a , i lelelalgl ele tbat . " < os EES ils leggy oO t fe [5 2/8 /8/5/2 e's FE | | mk 2S dis en enton tas _ re Pra Ey easy Ud 2 2-10e Tl (3536/77 11534) 14% | PERS ROS aie a 25-Ne.......|76 38 [8B ait [17 | 15% | EXTRA SIZES, SECOND CLASS, Rand iron, 244 x Nos. 15 and 16, Bandiron,2 x Nos. land 16. Band iron, 34 x Nos. 13 to 15. Band iron, 15g x Nos. 8 and 14. Bandiron,1 x Nos. 8 to 10. Scroll iron, % x 3-16. Scroll iron, 4 x 3-16. Scroll iron, 11-16 x 4 to % Scroll iron, 54 x 44 to x 4 to 7-16. x 5-16 to 7-16. Scroll iron, 4 x 5-16 to Seroll wen, 7-16 x 5-10 to 3%. uares, 5-16 inch. Half rounds, 54x 11-16. Ovals, 9-16 x 5-16 and 5. Ov 5-16 and 34. aa Half ovals, % x 3-16 to 5-16. x2 _| Rate per ton therefor, 2,240 pounds. ee | af 1 | fee | } cs . a2 i lel. a 3| se 3 “5s |§ &| 8) 2) 214) e8ei 28 eo 1s S/S) 8\S\4| Fe5l se £2 |= =|8/8/8)3 | 278) 38 E | * | “|S |s = | | ge |as a ee aa od letttactatl 78 30 |sasg 47 20 18 40 2106...) 80 | 20 (aor Salih io” aig 2 2-10e....