The Iron Age 1890-06-19: Vol 45

‘THE Punching and Shearing Machine. THURSDAY, JUNE 19, 1890, IRON AGE large gear. The stay-rod on the top is located in the exact position where the The W. Frech Machine Works, of | principal side or end pressure would natu- Streator, [ll., and 68 and 70 West Monroe street, Chicago, have just turned out and put on the market a new punching and shearing machine for punching and shear- ing bar iron and steel. This machine cuts off bars of iron or steel 9 feet long, cuts both ends at an angle of 45° and punches a number of holes at the same time. It is 4 inches from center of slide back to housings, and is so arranged that any length can be cut off either straight or at any angle desired. The cross bar carrying the punches and shears is so designed that the strain is equally divided along the entire length, so that the strength of the extreme ends rally come, and is provided with two nuts on each end, the two nuts resting on each side of the housings holding them firmly in their places and also serving the pur- pose of adjusting the slides. he punch-bar holding the punches and upper shears, as well as the die-bar underneath, holding the dies, are both detachable from the cross bars, in order to admit more easily any number or shape of punches, dies or shears, and at such dis- tances as suit the requirements. A press- ure bar is also attached to the upper punch bar, which has a double mission. In the first place, it straightens and holds the material down tight while the punches thickness and kind ef material. It will make from 15 to 20 strokes per minute, but can easily be s ed to suit the nature of work, and is, in short, a well designed, strong ged powerful machine, having a wide rahge. # TT The Engineering News finds that on 8465 miles of railway in the country all passenger trains are heated by steam from the locomotive. Companies operating 10,912 miles have over half their cars equipped for steam heat. Companies operating 17,516 miles have from ten to 50 per cent. of their cars so equipped, and companies operating 54,550 miles have ten per cent. or less of their cars steam heated, or are experimenting 1n that direc- tion. These figures apply to 86 railway PUNCHING fully equalizes the strength at the center of the bar. The guides or slides are fast- ened on the cross-bar in a manner that does away with all gibs and gib-screws, resting on the back against a straight, solid surface, and being sufficiently lon to remain in the housings the full plan surface, even when the cross-bar is at its lowest extremity. The guides are further so arranged that all wear can be taken u easily without gib or gib-screws, whic renders the machine very effective and durable. The two pitmen are at their lower ends nicely fitted into large sockets, the sockets being fastened on the cross- bar by strong screws. The shaft is 54 inches in diameter, is of solid steel and passes right through both housings, hav- ing the clutch and gear-wheel on one end and a number of holes or rts to receive a lever for movin by hand on the other. The tight an loose pulleys are 30 by 8 inch face, run- ning on a 24 inch steel shaft, on which on one side a 750 pound, fly-wheel is attached, and on the other side a pinion driving the AND SHEARING MACHINE, NINE FEET LONG. and shears are passing through the ma- terial, and in the second place, is acting as a stripper or take-off, leaving the die bed free from obstructions, and rendering it easy to take work out and in. The clutch is operated either by foot or hand or both. The long treadle running the whole length in front of the machine is for foot operation. The lever to the right is intended to move by hand, the latter be- ing very convenient when using the machine only on one end. The ,open- ing between the housings is 6 feet, but the whole machine can be made shorter or longer, as may be required, also the dis- tance back from the center of the punches can be increased. This machine is used .or punching and shearing railroad cattle guards. It shears or cuts off both ends at an angle of 45° of a bar 9 feet long 4 inches wide and } inch thick, and punches a number of holes atthe same time to re- ceive the connection bolts. The machine is well adapted for punching, shearing, notching, forming, grooving, aly mee a. &c., sheets and bars of any required lengt companies, and the actual number of cars oyesert is 7391, or about 25 per cent. of those in use in this country. Forced draft is meeting with the disap- | proval of the British Admiralty, and that y is disposed to substitute for it an improved natural draft. With this aim it has ordered that the torpedo depot ship Vulcan be fitted with enormous cowls to thoroughly ventilate the ship’s stokeholds. The manufacturers of engines say that four , hours’ steaming under forced draft takes ‘about four years’ wear out of a ship's boilers. For this reason British naval en- gineers are not allowed to use the extrava- gant toy called forced draft except in | veésels fitted with locomotive boilers. The trial of the suit of P. W. Gallaudet _& Co. to recover from the Union Bridge Company $100,000 as commissions for se- curing a $2,000,000 contract for building the Poughkeepsie Bridge, resulted yester- day in a verdict for the defendant before Judge Barrett in the Supreme Court. ‘THE Punching and Shearing Machine. THURSDAY, JUNE 19, 1890, IRON AGE large gear. The stay-rod on the top is located in the exact position where the The W. Frech Machine Works, of | principal side or end pressure would natu- Streator, [ll., and 68 and 70 West Monroe street, Chicago, have just turned out and put on the market a new punching and shearing machine for punching and shear- ing bar iron and steel. This machine cuts off bars of iron or steel 9 feet long, cuts both ends at an angle of 45° and punches a number of holes at the same time. It is 4 inches from center of slide back to housings, and is so arranged that any length can be cut off either straight or at any angle desired. The cross bar carrying the punches and shears is so designed that the strain is equally divided along the entire length, so that the strength of the extreme ends rally come, and is provided with two nuts on each end, the two nuts resting on each side of the housings holding them firmly in their places and also serving the pur- pose of adjusting the slides. he punch-bar holding the punches and upper shears, as well as the die-bar underneath, holding the dies, are both detachable from the cross bars, in order to admit more easily any number or shape of punches, dies or shears, and at such dis- tances as suit the requirements. A press- ure bar is also attached to the upper punch bar, which has a double mission. In the first place, it straightens and holds the material down tight while the punches thickness and kind ef material. It will make from 15 to 20 strokes per minute, but can easily be s ed to suit the nature of work, and is, in short, a well designed, strong ged powerful machine, having a wide rahge. # TT The Engineering News finds that on 8465 miles of railway in the country all passenger trains are heated by steam from the locomotive. Companies operating 10,912 miles have over half their cars equipped for steam heat. Companies operating 17,516 miles have from ten to 50 per cent. of their cars so equipped, and companies operating 54,550 miles have ten per cent. or less of their cars steam heated, or are experimenting 1n that direc- tion. These figures apply to 86 railway PUNCHING fully equalizes the strength at the center of the bar. The guides or slides are fast- ened on the cross-bar in a manner that does away with all gibs and gib-screws, resting on the back against a straight, solid surface, and being sufficiently lon to remain in the housings the full plan surface, even when the cross-bar is at its lowest extremity. The guides are further so arranged that all wear can be taken u easily without gib or gib-screws, whic renders the machine very effective and durable. The two pitmen are at their lower ends nicely fitted into large sockets, the sockets being fastened on the cross- bar by strong screws. The shaft is 54 inches in diameter, is of solid steel and passes right through both housings, hav- ing the clutch and gear-wheel on one end and a number of holes or rts to receive a lever for movin by hand on the other. The tight an loose pulleys are 30 by 8 inch face, run- ning on a 24 inch steel shaft, on which on one side a 750 pound, fly-wheel is attached, and on the other side a pinion driving the AND SHEARING MACHINE, NINE FEET LONG. and shears are passing through the ma- terial, and in the second place, is acting as a stripper or take-off, leaving the die bed free from obstructions, and rendering it easy to take work out and in. The clutch is operated either by foot or hand or both. The long treadle running the whole length in front of the machine is for foot operation. The lever to the right is intended to move by hand, the latter be- ing very convenient when using the machine only on one end. The ,open- ing between the housings is 6 feet, but the whole machine can be made shorter or longer, as may be required, also the dis- tance back from the center of the punches can be increased. This machine is used .or punching and shearing railroad cattle guards. It shears or cuts off both ends at an angle of 45° of a bar 9 feet long 4 inches wide and } inch thick, and punches a number of holes atthe same time to re- ceive the connection bolts. The machine is well adapted for punching, shearing, notching, forming, grooving, aly mee a. &c., sheets and bars of any required lengt companies, and the actual number of cars oyesert is 7391, or about 25 per cent. of those in use in this country. Forced draft is meeting with the disap- | proval of the British Admiralty, and that y is disposed to substitute for it an improved natural draft. With this aim it has ordered that the torpedo depot ship Vulcan be fitted with enormous cowls to thoroughly ventilate the ship’s stokeholds. The manufacturers of engines say that four , hours’ steaming under forced draft takes ‘about four years’ wear out of a ship's boilers. For this reason British naval en- gineers are not allowed to use the extrava- gant toy called forced draft except in | veésels fitted with locomotive boilers. The trial of the suit of P. W. Gallaudet _& Co. to recover from the Union Bridge Company $100,000 as commissions for se- curing a $2,000,000 contract for building the Poughkeepsie Bridge, resulted yester- day in a verdict for the defendant before Judge Barrett in the Supreme Court. 1031 AGE. THE IRON June 19, 1890 Boiler Shop. 1—Plate Furnace. 2—Straightening Plates. 3—Flanging Machine. 4—Four Foot Hydraulic Flanging Machine, 5— Hydraulic Crane. 6—Flange Fire. 7—Hand Rolls. 8— Shears. 9—Punch. 10~—-Boiler Shell Drill. 11—No, 8 Ver- tical Plate Roller. 12—Large Crane. 13—Flange Fires 14. —Firer. 15—Punching Machine. 16—Boiler Plate Planer. 17—Plate Rolls. 18—Fifty-two Inch Punch. 19—Fifty- four Inch Shears. 20—Horizontal Flange Punch. 2i— Angle Shears. 22—Engine. 23—Auxiliary Boiler. 24— Post Drill. 25—Bolt Machines 26—Straightening Machines. 27—Hydraulic Riveter No. 1, with Accumulator and Pumps. 28—Hydraulic Riveter No. 2, with Accumulator and Pumps. 29—100-Ton Hydraulic Riveter No. 3, with Accumulator and Pumps. 30—Blower. Machine Shop. 83—Fifty-four-Inch Engine Lathe, 34—Sixty Inch Engine Latne. 35—Large Planer. 36—Frame Slotting Machine. 37—Twelve Foot Planer, 38—Kight Foot Planer, 30—Radial Drill. 40—Four Spindle Drill. 41—Drill Press. 42—Vertical Drill Press. 43— Ten Foot Planer. 44—Sixty-Inch Ra- dial Drill. 45—Hydraulic Wheel Press. 46—Horizontel Drill. 47—Seven Foot Planer. 48—Axle Lathe. 49—Centering Machine. 50—Fox Lathe. 51— Serew Machine. 52—Ten Foot Boring Mill. 53—Double Head Drill Press. 54i—Seven Foot Boring Mill. 55—Four Foot Radial Drill. 5¢—Radial Drill. 57—Forty-two Inch Engine Lathe. 58—Thirty-two ; Inch Engine Lathe. 60—Horizontal Boring Mill. 61—Sixty Inch Engine Lathe. 62— * PATTERN HOUSE WATER TANK 3 STORIES SK SHU | sano sneo | SHLD | > ' IGEARO MOULDING MACHINE ’ co . Engine Lathe. 63—Shafting Lathe. 64—Sixteen Inch Slotting Machine. 65—Sixteen aw Foot Planer. 66—Horizontal Boring Mill. 67—Ten Foot Pianer. 68—Twenty Foot Planer. FS ' 69—Planer. 70—Ten Foot Planer. 71—Double Head Wheel Lathe. 72—Small Tools. 73— Milling Machines. 74—Vertical Cylinder Boring Machine. 75—Westinghouse Engine. Smith Shop. 81—Engine. 82—Screw Cutter. 83—Double Screw Cutter. 81—Grindstone. 85—Blower. 86—Cutting Off Machine 87—Steam Hammer. 88—Steam Hammer. Brass Foundry. 91—Storage. 92—Crane. 93—Magnetic Separator. 94—Core Oven. 95—Furnace * FH P . 3 sheet IRON DEPARTMENT TRAVELING — ae = THE WORKS OF pire fadiina DEPARTMENT WATER CLOSET TUBE RACK Pencn ae ENSION _ a. a BOILER SHOP =| —-—-—-y- -— —- Hy . -——— — — A TRAVEL EXT THE RICHMOND LOCOMOTIVE MACHINE COMPANY a os” —_< \ \t \ \ N | | | | | j | | | | | ! | | oS | Za ! 5 5 ll | on, oe WwW i £ ! x Hg : ji @ | ? r) ¥ #0 TON ! = vr TRAVELING | \ =| I ae | ! | I | | | | oS | Zz | = oO | w i " | | ae ee oe | i" reer 6a: Te FOF oO). EF CHOP ne a4 ' ; "4 coor) OL den ankod oo oO ve "2 j ;. 4 -— oe wen na: ent Lae = =- - cv — \ ‘ \6 \ \ 1082 THE IRON AGE, ® June 19, 1890 New Applications of Electric Welding. The great demand for artificial ice ma- chines, and the necessity for furnishing long coils of pipe to be used in their con- struction, has furnished a new and extensive field for the pipe welding ma- chines of the Thomson Blectric Welding Company. The difficulty of welding pi by the old methods is that, unless the joints are perfect, there is an escape of am- monia vapor which renders them practi cally useless. It is found that by the electric welding process these joints are perfect, and lengths of 400 or 500 teet of homogeneous pipe cau be made without difficulty. The electric welds stand bending either hot or _ cold, and by this process it also becomes practicable to frequently test the coils as they are being bent, and so correct any defects as the process of pine bending goes on. It is also found that by the electric weld- ing machines the pipe can be brought to any de, of heat that is necessary, and special bends made without the introduc- tion of lj joints or couplings, as heretofore has been the practice. Long lengths of pipe, with joints which can be relied upon, can thus be laid in the strects of the vari ous cities for conveying cold from the re- frigeration apparatus to consumers. Great | demands are being made upon the com- pany from various quarters for apparatus | for these purposes. The works of the welding company, at Lynn, are crowded to the utmost to supply machines on orders received. Roebling’s Sons & Co., of Trenton, N. J., have made contracts with the welding company for seven additional machines, to be run from a central dynamo for welding copper wire. This is in addition to the plant which they already had in constant operation day and night since December, 1888. Contracts have been made with the United States Government for a complete welding plant for boiler tubes, bars, rods, &c., for the New York Navy Yard, and | also a similar plant to be applied to ship construction at the Norfolk Yard. Sev- eral plants are in successful operation in carriage and wagon works in the West, and other plants for this purpose will soon be installed. There are many new develop- ments of the electric welding process which will soon be made public. The welding machine for shell shrapnel and other projectiles is now completed, and arrangements will soon be made by the company for produting these in large quantities. ———————— The annual meeting of the Minne- sota Iron Company was held recently, and a dividend of 6 per cent., payable quarterly, was declared. The profits of the company for the year were about $1,000,000, part of which will go into the construction of two or three more boats. | Jay C. Morse retired from the presidency and H. R. Bishop was elected in his stead. | H. H. Porter was elected chairman and D. H. Bacon vice-president, and D. O. Mills, H. M. Flagler, Benjamin Brewster and Henry Siebert, directors. A chimney has been designed for the Royal Smelting Works, of Saxony, Ger- many, by Herr Heneicke, that is to be 460 feet high, with an inside diameter of 23 feet at the base and 15 feet 6 inches . at the outlet. flue 1093 yards in length, which crosses the River Mulda and takes an upward course of 197 feet to the top of the hill, where the giant chimney will stand as an example of engineering skill. It will take 1,500,000 bricks to build this per- pendicular funnel, and its cost is estimated at about $30,000. The works will be con-/| ject of the improvement is to render the nected with the chimney by a borizontal| jaw capable of being reversed, which is The Sweetland Reversible Chuck Jaw. | ‘The Sweetland Chuck” with reversible j ws. Fig. 4 illustrates the entire mech- The accompanying engravings represent | anism of same. a new reversible jaw placed on the market! The makers claim for it the following by the Hoggson & Pettis Mfg. Company, | points of advantage: It can be used either of New Haven, Conn., in connection with | as No.0, No. 1 or No. 2 jaw, and hence com. ‘*The Sweetland Chuck,” of which they | bines three sets of jaws in one. Being con- are the sole manufacturers. The ob-!structed with a transverse dovetail, the Fig. 2. SWEETLAND Fig. 3. Fig. 4. THE SWEETLAND REVERSIBLE @MUCK JAW. screws are relieved from all strain, and are used merely to keep the jaw from moving readily accomplished by removing the|sideways. The jaw is thus as nearly like screws, reversing the top section of the jaw | a solid jaw as is possible to make it. It without moving the jaw from its place, | has a solid nut and full thread, giving it and replacing the screws. Fig. 1 repre-| great gripping power. This jaw in ‘‘ The sents the jaw, used as the common or No. 0 jaw. Fig. 2 represents the jaw re- versed, to be used as the reverse or No. 1 jaw with outside bites. Fig. 3 represents Sweetland Chuck ” (combination), which is universal, independent, eccentric and con- centric, forms a tool capable of doing the greatest variety of work. June 19, 1890 THE IRON AGE, 1088 A Novel Valve. The accompanying illustrations show a straightway valve intended to be used for steam, water, gas, oils, &c. This is now being placed upon the market by the A Novel Valve. Lunkenheimer Brass Mfg. Company, of Cincinnati, Ohio, who have recently made extensive preparations for the manufacture of it. The simplicity, compactness and SS SY NX Fig. 2. convenience of operation by means of a lever are the striking features of this valve. In size it is smaller than the ordinary globe valve. The annexed sectional cuts YY, on y \ A P - WIA \\ ww OY Vj Fig. 3. are self explanatory, and upon reference to same its operation will be readily under- stood, and its advantages over other valves operated by a wheel at once beseen. The two disks C C, Figs. 1 and 3, are independ- ently and loosely secured to the operating stem D, and are adapted to close against ta- pering seats in the valve shell, and, being provided with ball and socket bearing at their backs, are evenly wedged against their corresponding seats when the valve is closed by the lever. The stem D is oper- ated by a lever, and turns in tapering ground joint bearings, and is held in place by nut E, which is guarded against dis- placement by a D or square washer, G, on the same principle as used in the ordinary steam stopcock. It is apparent that any de- sired friction can be brought to bear on this stem by means of the nut, thus securing a steam tight joint and dispensing with the usual stuffing box. This frictional bear- ing also prevents displacement of the valve disks and lever, so that the valve will re- main at any desired opening; thus it must not be confounded with quick opening valves. The lever fits a square on end of the stem, and is detachable. The valve is easily taken apart when necessary by unscrewing nut {E, and upon removal of 5 = - = = Unjversal Grinding Machine. The machine of which we herewith pre- sent an illustration is the smallest uni- versal grinder made by the Diamond Ma- chine Company, of Providence, R. I. It is not designed to grind work as large in diameter as the full swing or capacity iven. It is especially adapted for grind- ing straight and taper, soft or hardened a arbors, cutters, reamers, &c. ; a for grinding out rings, hardened boxes, &c., by means of a special chuck, which can be furnished with the machine. The table has both automatic and hand feed, the change being made from one to the other by simply turning knurled handle in front of the machine. The work can be revolved upon dead centers or other- wise. The wheel is brought to and from the work by means of ascrew and hand wheel in front of machine. All bearing surfaces are well protected from emery dust. The wheel is arranged to use water UNIVERSAL GRINDING - MACHINE. washer G, stem D and cap B the disks can be withdrawn from the valve shell. These valves are at present being made in sizes in brass from 4 inch to 3 inches, and in iron from 2 inches to 6 inches inclusive, screwed ends. The best steam metals are used in their manufacture, and all are thoroughly tested and warranted. They are ey steam tight, and can be used in place of gate valves, stop cocks or globe to prevent drawing the temper on hard- ened work. The table can be set at an angle turning about a central pivot, thus pro- viding means for grinding tapers up to 14 inches to the foot. The end of table is graduated. The emery wheel spindle is arranged at one end for receiving taper arbors, on which small wheels can be used for grinding out holes or on any inside work. The principal dimensions of the ma- valves, and will be found especially con- | chine are as follows: Distance between cen- venient as liquid or tank valves in oil|ters, 20inches; length of traverse, 16 works and refineries. Sizes larger than 4 | inches; swing, 8 inches; hight from floor to inches are not so well suited for steam above 80 pounds pressure. When placeil near the ceiling they can be operated by arod or rope. This valve has been named the Handy Valve, a name appropriate to its simplicity and operation. It is reported that Robert L. Martin, superintendent of the Fairchance Furnace Company, Connellsville, Pa., has sold to the H. C, Frick Coke Company about 50 acres of coal land in George Township, that State, including about 50 coke ovens which were in course of erection. center of spindle, 43 inches; size of base, 18 x 23 inches; will use emery wheel up to 8 inches; size of driving pulley on counter- shaft, 10 x 5 inches; size of tight and loose pulleys on countershaft, 6 x 2} inches; size of drum on countershaft, 16 inches long by 6 inches in diameter; size of feed pulley on countershaft, 5 x 1} inches; speed of countershaft, 450 revolu- tions per minute; weight of machine com- plete with couatershaft, 600 pounds. Nem The annual convention of the American Society of Civil Engineers will be held at Cresson Springs, Pa., beginning June 26. 1034 THE IRON AGE. June 19, 1890 LK LL LL ts, SS LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL eee Sheet Metal Punching Machine. This machine, with a punching table attached, is intended for a general jobbing press for perforating metal when but a small number of sheets of the same pat- tern or design are wanted, and when it would not pay to make a die to punch the entire width in ouce passing through. For this machine a number of punches, usually varying from 1 to 50, according to the number of sheets requiring to be punched, are made, and by passing the sheets several times through the center sheet is as accurately punched as in ma- chines made to do the entire work at one stroke. Sheets varying in width from 4 to 50 inches, and in length from 1 to 10 feet, can be punched in this machine. The sheets to be punched are placed in what we may call crossheads, arranged to slide on ways somewhat similar to he SHEET METAL PUNCHING MACHINE, the bed of a lathe. These carrying | heads can, by means of the gearing | and hand wheel shown at the right in the engraving, be adjusted toward or away from the punch. The machine is driven by a belt passing around a pul- ley on the shaft of which is a pinion en- gaging with a large gear wheel on the shaft operating the punch. On the oppo- site end of this shaft is a feed head, which consists of a block adapted to move in guides extending across the shaft, and to be adjusted near to or far from the center of the shaft by a transverse screw. Ona pin carried by the adjustable head is engaged on one end of a rod operating a pawl engaging with a ratchet, and by means of which at each stroke of the punch the table carrying the sheet is moved the | required distance. This distance can be adjusted to suit the work, and so accu-| rately will it perform its duties that the smallest sized holes can be punched with- , out the possibility of detecting the point at which the sheets were shifted. Pro- | vision is also made for the quick return of the table, in order to adjust it for taking a new cut. One of the most interesting features of the machine is the adjustment of the punch, which is shown in the outline drawing. This adjustment, as will be perceived, consists in the employment of two eccentrics mounted upon the same wrist pin. The inner eccentric and the wrist pin bear such relations to each other that the length of the stroke may be varied, as required, from 0to Linch. This varia- tion is accomplished by shifting this inner eccentric on the wrist pin, it being evi- dent that the eccentricity of the ring may be arranged to offset that of the wrist pin, so as to make its circumference travel in a circle having the axis of the shaft as a center. The outer eccentric is for the pur- pose of adjusting the position of the punches; for instance, the stroke having been regulated by the wrist pin and inner | . . ‘a =) eccentric, it is possible, by means of the outer eccentric, to adjus. the punches into the die, this adjustment being entirely in- dependent of the other, and in no way altering it. The machine will cut a 1- inch hole through 4-inch iron at 25 inches from the edge, that being the depth of the throat. The machine made by the Stiles & Parker Press Company, of Mid- dietown, Conn., and 207 Centre street, New York. eR Boiler Makers’ Convention. The next convention of the American Boiler Manufacturers’ Association will be held in New York, commencing July 1. The following subjects will be brought be- fore the meeting: Committee on Materials and Tests will consider the question of thickness of ma- terials in proportion to diameter of shells and flues. The following committees will reports: Committee on Manhe resent 8 and Manholes, on Safety Valves and Horse- Power, on Uniformity in State Inspection Laws, on Statistics, on Topical Subjects and on Insurance. , The propriety of having present a repre- sentative from the Steamboat Inspectors’ Service was suggested to Secretary of the Treasury Windom, who in reply said: It is probable that, in addition to the Supervising Inspector General, one or two inspectors will be designated to attend the sessions of your conference. SEE —— The Manufacture of Basic Pig Lron.* The rapid extension of the basic both in the r, Siemens, and er types of furnaces, and the certainty that from various causes the manufacture of steel or ingot iron by this process will be of much one impor- tance in the future, and that the production will be in much greater quantities than at li Ea ee ee \ = N = AAT TAN I au ima present, must of necessity render the question of producing suitable iron one of para- mount importance. we reflect that the supplies of hematite ores of steel-making qual- ities are comparatively limited, and moreover that these supplies are only available in very few localities, it will at once be seen that the to us assumes t ce, and Gpacte ‘una teaken of aot the un- limited supplies of phosphoric ores in this coun- into steel, The absence of hematite ores of table quality in Germany, and the cost of importing those ores or Bessemer pig iron, has caused an extraordinary development of the basic process there, and we can have no better illustration of its value than that afforded by Germany. I need scarcely point out to this Institute that, to us in this district, where the cost of transit all but ludes the use of hematite pig iron, if steel is to be made at all, the Lasic process is the process best suited to our Ls pm Our aoe of suitable materials are plentiful, and the success of the process in open-hearth furnaces gives us a con- venient furnace for this district, and for the cmnngeanet of our works and our particular manufactures. As the results obtained in the * Paper read before the South Staffordshire Institute of Iron and Steel Works Managers, by Mr. Herbert Pilkington, F.C.S., M.I,Mech.E., vice-president, on the 15th ult. June 19, 1890 THE IRON AGE. 1035 basic ees epne to a considerable extent | Manganese........... --s+ssceeecerercers 2.00 | city of the slag, but it is also much less trouble- upon quality and ee Oe UD CED ER bc snerdensics cscncedeceuds asenuton 2.50} some to work in the furnace. Such ores as iron used, and as I have geme amount of | Sulphur................:scecseesccseseces 0.06 | these are not difficult to obtain, nor can they experience in its manufacture, it has been | Phosphorus.............0ssecececeseeeues 2.95 | be deemed expensive. ign thought that some few remarks upon it may | But those made at the present time will vary | S¥ch ores, one from the district not be teresting. at different works. as under: and the other from the Oxfordshire district When first introduced, the basic : ordshire. (like many other processes) WEEE | IIR 4 5 005 se deignsas cccvvenedss Lincolnshire. Oxf 65 wonderful things; almost any pig iron was aio as kcuicass a2 ole acknwws aes 0.4 to 1.2 | Ferric oxide............ 39.24 40. suitable, provided it only con OF GEIS cn oiko2 vee dedsinncsedatnenn 0.05 | Ferrous oxide.......... _— phosphorus, I find that in 1882, at this Institute, | Phosphorus...................-.0++. 2.5 to 3.25 | Silica..... .-.++---++++ 13.04 cn one of the patentees of the basic said : T also add a table of analysis of basic pigs at SER Gs «nose ace asde 5.56 + “As regards the oe = he pig ae, works in other districts: Eeosel eS? 59h? SIASE a 20. great uation is permissible; as M x . E Bi ces cocngses . red silicon may vary from 0.5 to 1.8 per cent. ; the nom 9g = L Ba. Magnesia oxide........ > os phosphorus from 1.8 to3.0 per cent.; the sul-| y gtagrs 250 0.25 0.05 2.84 ene weir _ Bret e Ise a trace phur from 0.08 to 0.3 per cent.; and the man- N. Wals........ 17% 0.40 0.04 3.00 Cc i road ee 138 22.65 ganene from 0.5 to 2.5 percent. ;” it wasthere-| yiddiesborough. 2.25 0.74 0.04 2.60 Con bi ° ieee S fo5e 10.54 ; are repased to wen the commen chader 98g of | Prames,........ 1 Oe Oe Bee dee oe distri experiments made a , syndicate, selected pigs were used of the Fol. | Sermany ....... Le am ee le DH si ké sie 100.08 98.96 owing composition: wae one be seen that different steel works Siiiatitie tebe |S Abe 27.46 46 Strong forge Strong forge. Manganese...... Wa.) eeune 1.77 BGT soc cicceoss Bie). edueae 1,17 Sulphur ) cael 0.05 Phosphorus ..... men... wkises 4.40 For some considerable time common white or mottled cinder pig was used in Stafford- shire, very often produced indiscriminately uirements; but, speaking generally,in this district a basic pig is a pig which must be low in silicon and sulphur. Over 1 per cent. silicon or 0.10 per cent. sulphur would be objected to, and half that quantity would be considered a good pig. It should contain about 1.5 per cent. to 2.0 per cent, of manganese and 2.5 to 3.00 per cent. of phorus. Whether it would not be better to work with less phosphorus than 3 per cent. I as, \ i ome: i j CENTER OF PITMAN WS \ ADJUSTING RING CEN OF ADJUSTABLE E RY Y T eA CENTER OF CRANK SHAFT ee KJ-K Kd SECTIONS THROUGH ECCENTRIC ADJUSTMENT. when furnaces were out of order, a typical analysis of which would be : neg aes bite 6 weehine cae 1.35 SINGL oF chk Um doe ccee¥hedsarene 1.50 to 2.00 oe ehn dade Sa Veer uweeetn 0.10 to 0.20 PD 6.55 hi vids de ccundavetguer 3.50 to 4.00 I am not aware that such a feat as this was ever attempted in any other district. It was very soon found, however, that such metal was unsuitable, the waste and wear and tear being enormous, to say nothing of the quality of the steel produced from it. It is wonder- ful,- however, with what tenacity some steel makers stuck to this material even up to a re- cent date. It has been, however, of late years, largely substituted by other and more ex- pensive pig iron. In the Cleveland district, in the early days of the basic process, ordinary gray Cleveland iron was used, which, as you are aware, does a contain pomet coe Seine 1.5 ad cent. of osphorus ; con over 2 per cent. Afterwards, several brands were mixed to- gether, often with a little spiegel; then, as the | Pottery necessity for lower silicons became apparent, forged and mottled or white iron were used; the drawback to white iron being its high sul- phur. Finally, it became a nt t it would be convenient and e ent to combine all these results in one vig, the required man- ganese being an aid to the manufacture of such a white pig, low in both silicon and sul- = Such a pig is a basic pig. One of the basic pigs in this district contained: must leave er to steel ee ee of such a pig for forge purposes very great ae, as it cannot but be economical Sa nal dee ee eee enone ur. containing so muc manga- nese. I believe it has been tried t> a limited extent, but I am not aware that it has been used regularly. In order to produce this pig, it is necessary to work the furnace witha very basic , and also at such a temperature that the iron shall be white in order to keep the silicon low, and, on the other hand, sufficiently hot to es the furnace in work- ing order, and also to allow the sulphur to escape in the slag. In arranging the c . there- fore, this is the primary consideration; keeping this in view, it admits of considerable latitude in the nature of the materials em- — I need aot tell this institute that tap inder forms the ipal of the furnace burden, and the only limit placed upon its use isthe quantity of horus required in the pig. It is usual to use Northampton ore or ery mine to reduce the ph orus, the use of the latter having some little advantage, owing to the fact that it introduces a little manganese. Having to the character of the slag required, I have always found it an advantage to add ores to the charge that are of a basic character, and so reduce the use of added lime, &c., to a minimum; and indeed this principle should be kept in view in select- ing any ore for basic work; not only is it economical as regards the fusibility and basi- D rich which often contain up- ward of 20 to 35 per cent. of silica. Manganese has a most i NN ia cunaenews 00 ere GTB... MBB vec i ceca 17.00 oric acid. . 0.38 Sulphuric acid .. = Loss on ignition. 3.00 BOs. .cckan 98.92 As the tap cinder of this district contains some amount of man: the addition of 1036 THE IRON AGE, June 19, 1890 have paper, 7. e. ua that it exists 4 a — * manganese, the manganese replacing lime, an therefore leaving that much more lime free to carry offsulphur. The er. of lime here liberated may be only small, but the total cae of lime in the slag is large; moreover, e silicate of manganese increases 7 basicity of the slag, and the temperature ing com) tively low, A silica is = wit y as a silicate of lime, esia, alumina, and manganese, while the tonsiliarabts amount of lime present can deal with the sulphur easily at that supersies which is sufficiently hot to allow it to be slagged off. It will thus be seen that the influence of temperature is very great, and that, other conditions being right, the ity of the pig depends to a very con- siderable extent upon the care with which the furnace is managed, on eatping ts 8s ee Sesey mean between the two extremes, whic illustrate by the following analyses of pigs made in a basic furnace : * Hot Gray Iron. Cold White Iron. ese.. 2.42 2.68 1.7% 1.04 Sulphur..... 0.04 0.08 0.42 0.22 Silicon...... 2.09 1.93 0.57 0.71 Phosphorus... 3.45 38.33 8.54 3.32 man good, hard oven coke (such as Durham coke), but when this admirab i i cent. of lime, those difficulties and risks are greatly increased. The following analyses may be taken as those of a typical w the fnel is good, hard coke, and where the lime is usually kept at the utmost quantity the fur- nace carry, and the manganese in the slag is reduced to a minimum. Slag. Iron. Ferrous oxide 1.52 Phospborus...... 2.79 seen Vivi avai rr 2 = OP Nowasece — ese proto. 2.1 achek sbaehy . = gerbateny Manganese ...... 1.90 Magnesia ........ 0.22 Saipier ja Devoe oo OP se he we \ Phosphoric acid .. ee ee 81.21 Total... 99.69 In this district it is not possible to keep a furnace working very long with a slag con- taining 50 per cent. of lime when soft gas coke and coal are used. These fuels produce a large amount of dust, which in the case of a basic furnace accumulate to a large extent, and when the lime is very high causes great trouble at the tuyeres by cold noses, pocketing, chilling up in the hearth, &c. In the case of an ordinary furnace this dust is not so appar- ent; because with a hotter furnace and a sili- cious slag a considerable re of it is burnt and melted. The object to be aimed at under these circumstances is to work as hot as possi- ble, consistent with low silicious, and to back 7 lime by a little manganese in the slag. following irons and slags were produced regularly under such circumstances: Slag. Iron. BR os sevens owe 26.20 | Manganese. .2.27 2.02 Magnesia........ 2.87 | Sulphur..... 0.02 0.01 Alumina........ 9.97 | Silicon...... 0.40 0.35 Messe senears 34.76 | Phosphorus..3,20 3.19 as the most acid type of slag from which good basic iron can be made, as under no circumstances can more than 36 per cent. of silica be toler- ated if the quality of the pig is to be main- tained. It is somewhat exceptional in its con- tents of oxide, the furnace being working rather hot at the time, asample taken a few days previously containing 5.55 per cent. : i 36.05 SN Sc Us br Sod y Sah SEMET ETS cube ap dew eds ©. | better and more regular quality, Tt will be readily understood that there is not o lege mee of heat for the safety of the furnace, have known times when from dust accumulations, excess of lime, and coldness of the furnace, a ‘* gob” at, peared imminent, having given very little warning of its appearance, have usually in these circumstances immediately taken off a considerable amount of lime for a short time, when the furnace will often recover itself readily when the excess of lime has been worked off. The pig iron is not much affected by this treatment if the lime is re early enough, owing to the accumulation in the furnace. If a tendency to —< appears, a little extra will often correct it and vent f accumulation. The trouble at the tuyeres is often con- siderable, and tuyere c is frequent, and it is very convenient to have the furnace well fitted with tuyere val &c., in order to be able to shut off pocketed tuyeres with as little loss of time as possible. These troubles furnace temperature constant, en working of the furnace is then insured. I cannot too a the fact, however, that in order to insure regu- larity -— good oo the ee, — must a panier and systematie system 0) analyses of the fuels, fluxes, minerals and ; as not only does this save great trouble anxiety in working, but also enables a pig to be uced more economically, and of a intermittent analyses were taken. consumption when making basic iron is cer- tainly not high if the furnace works well; it is then tolerably regular at 21 to 22 ewt. of coke state. These remarks apply to furnaces 56 to 60 feet high, such as 2 mtr in this district, pro- ducing 280 to 350 per week, If good hard coke were used most of these troubles and diffi- culties would be avoided, and the production of our furnaces much increased, and it is there- fore to be h that the attempts being made in the district to produce such a coke may ultimately be successful, as from its freedom from sulphur, and other reasons, such a fuel would be a most valuable addition to the re- sources of South Staffordshire. NEW PUBLICATIONS. BANKERS AND BROKERS’ REFERENCE Book. By Alfred Smith; pp. 60. American News Company, Publishers. This is a bird’s eye view of the financial field to be carried in the pocket. Itclaims to present nothing but figures for the in- vestor, trader and business man. It re- views the condition of the New York Stock Exchange from 1872 to 1890 Shows the fluctuations for 1887, 1888, 1889 of the stock list. The movement of bonds for 1888, 1889. The values of State securities E. for the same years, and of certain promi- nent railroad bonds for five years. The conditions of railroads. The totals of Clearing House returns. Coal and wheat trade. and abroad, and the dividend pa mines, with totals of dividends paid in the San Francisco mining market. certainly a com are both to be sought for and dreaded by the buyers and holders of stocks. PAVEMENTS AND RoapDs, THEIR CONSTRUC- TION AND MAINTENANCE. from the Engineeri and Building Record. Compiled by E. G. Love, Ph.D. 410 pages. The material of this volume was gathered from several files of the Hngineering and Building Record, but was originally P roe ed by the editor of that journal from investigation of streets and roads in Eng- land, France, and other countries. Amer- ican sources have also been largely drawn upon and prize essays on road construction and maintenance are given in full. The art of road making is very imperfectly understood. There is little improvement from costly experience in most parts of our Government securities at home| 2 gis This is | tv t book, whose contents | Toled country. Experiments tried in one city are repeated in others for the benefit of contractors and holders of patents—who ascribe failures to local conditions. The streets of our cities are continually torn up to try some new kind of pavement or man- ner of using materials on hand. Traffic upsets all the calculations of engineers, and makes havoc with roads which are fit only for pleasure drives. A great want evokes many expedients and inventions. This book gives a record of the more im- portant ones and comments on the trials made, more or less extended and success- ful. The principles of road making are few and simple. Alignment, grading, drain- age and the material, dimensions and method of laying the roadbed are very ordinary tests of engineering skill ; but it is usually found wanting. The peoples of the Old World and early cen- turies, notably the Romans, made roads. The old cities still retain the ma- terial so effectively prepared and used in their otherwise antiquated sireets. The numerous investigations contained in this book include every kind of wood and asphalt pavements worthy of of consider- ation, the various materials for road metaling, curbs, side walks and tramways, with descriptions of road machinery, and numerous cuts, diagrams and tables, mechanical drawings and estimates of costs, It should haye a place, especially, in the offices of street and county com- missioners, where its ———— might soon contribute greatly to the commercial welfare, safety and convenience of thou- sands of communities in our land. Southern Iron Freights. The Queen and Creseent route has, under date of June 25, issued a new rate sheet on pig iron, taking effect June 25. The fol- lowing are the rates to the leading points: From = a | | | &| <| #4/ 43 To | ‘ E < <4 | $3/ &s | | el al 5G | $< S| 2) 53) 63 a = | im | <~ a | Akron, Obio............+:- $3.50) $4.00 $3.75 $4.00 Atchison, Kan.... .. 5.04) 6.04) ....] .... Ch EY thee cee © Kp 3.75) 4.00, 3.75) 4.25 Cincinnati, Ohio........... 2.25) 2.75, 2.50) 2.75 eveland, Obio...........- 8.50| 400) 3.75| 4.00 Columbus, Ohio............ 8.00) 3.50) 3.25) 3.50 Detroit, Mich ... ... «.... 8.75) 4.00 8.75) 4.25 St. Louis, Ill... ....... 3 00) 3.25 hace Fort Wa BE Sniccdess 3.50) 3.75) 3.50) 4.00 Kansas City, Mo........... 5.04) 5. ie t's ae Louisville, Ky....---..»--- | 2.25) 2.50, 2.25| 2.75 Memphis, Tenn...... ..... | 2.00 2.00) .. .| .... Milwaukee, Wis..........- 4.15) 4.40) 4.15) 4 65 maha, NOD...) cccecceses 5.04) 5. oh Pe Serinet i we Meeewende on + $15 ‘2 Steubenvil EP sqesvpers ve 3.90) 4.40) 4.15) 4.40 ew era ia Ean | coe Terre Haute, Ind.......... 8.25) 3.50) 3.25) 3.75 Gives eseoces ose 3.50) 4.00) 3.75) 4.00 Wheeling, W. Va. 8.00) 4 40) 4.15) 4.40 These rates re» ng those of April 26, with the supplement dated May 16, The City a of aoa - Tues- day acce e proposition of the Penn- es er 0 Central railroads to elevate and depress their tracks respectively oe the city at an aggregate cost of $1,000,000. About 40 of the 100 coke ovens as built by the Fort Payne (Ala.) Coal an Iron Company have been completed, and work on the balance of them is all done ex the lining, which will be in place in t three weeks. June 19, 1890 THE IRON AGE. 1037 a aaEaEeE=e=E=SeoameaeeSeaeeEaEeaaaaaaaaaaoaoaoaoaaoaaoaoaaaaaaeeeeeeeeeSeeeeeeeeeSeSEeSeaSaEeeESSoee=SeE=E=a=eE=EEaEEeaEeaeaeEeESeSeEeSSSaaSaaSaSaEaESESESESE=—eeeeeeeee——_—_e————||== Pipe Cutting and Threading Machine. Curtis & Curtis, of Bridgeport, Conn., have just added a new size of machine to their list which they think will be very useful to contractors on mills having any large piping to do. It is designed to cut off and thread by hand power all sizes of wrought iron pipe from 24 to 8 inches, right hand inclusive, and is so powerfully geared that one man can cut off and thread 8-inch pipe with ease, thus saving much hard: labor and expense. The machine is of the same general description as the other sizes of machines made by this firm, and is briefly described as follows: A die carrying gear rotating and traveling in a a shell, with the pinion imbedded in the side, a_ self-centering vise attached to the back of the shell for hold- ing the pipe. The pipe is put into the machine from the back, through the vise, with the end to be threaded against the back of the dies, and is clamped and brought central by turning the hand wheel on top. The dies are set by turning the face plate to the graduation corres- ponding to the size of pipe to be threaded, and can be set to cut either over or under standard size by making the corresponding allowance at the graduation. As the gear is revolved in the shell it is drawn back into it by the head screw attached to the back of the gear, and the dies are brought into the pipe. When the thread is cut the dies are thrown back and the pipe re- moved without running back, except one thread to remove any burr that the dies may have left. The head blocks at the side are then thrown out of engagement with the head screw, and the gear is pulled forward ready for new work. In cutting off pipe the gear is pushed as far back into the shell as it will go, and is held there by the stop ontop The cut- Fig. 2.—Showing Chuck. off tool is then inserted in its slot and forced forward or back by the double wedge screwed in behind it. While the machine is strong enough to do the work tor which it is designed, its weight of 600 pounds allows it to be carmed from to place, as the work may require, the work done on the spot. It1s a complete tool in itself, containing a vise and all within itself that is necessary for cutting off and threading pipe. ee Steam heating apparatus is being put in all the cars of the Pennsylvania Railroad as fast as possible. The system is exclus- ively that of the Pennsylvania Rai Company and is as follows: Two straight pipes, 2 inches in diameter, one for steam and the other to carry the water of the condensation back to the locomotive. This is done by a small vacuum pump fixed on the tender and kept constantly running. The exhaust steam is all that is used in heating the train. The pipes are so made that the steam can be made use of for any one car without interfering with the others. The pipes come up in the car in each side just about the middle. From the pipes in the cara spur runs under each seat which gives a general dis- tribution of heat. The cur is ventilated by 40 openmgs through the floor, each about 2 inches in diameter and directly under the seats. The fresh air passes over the steam pipes, becoming heated before passing into the car. e steam passes directly to each end of the car. A trust deed given by the bankrupt president of the A. B. Cleveland Company, seedmen, of New York, to secure an issue of $425,000 of bonds, which were distribu- ted among the creditors, is decided by Judge Williams, of the Supreme Court, sitting at Watertown, to have been clearly Eight Inch Hand Pipe Cutting and Threading Machine.—Fig. 1.—Showing Die Carrying = f the statements of plaintiffs are Gear. rue. 1038 THE IRON AGE. June 19, 1890 Recent Treasury Decisions. The Secretary of the Treasury has issued the following decisions under the metal schedule of the tariff statutes: LEAD ORES. In reply to a letter from the United States Consul at Paso del Norte, in which desires to be informed as to the proper classification under the existing tariff act of ores composed of silver, gold and lead, where the silver and gold together are chief value, but where the lead is more val- uable than either the gold or silver separ- ately. The question thus submitted by the consul was heretofore considered by the Department, and in accordance with an opinion of the United States Attorney- General, dated April 22,