The Iron Age 1890-04-17: Vol 45

H — Pneumatic Molding Machine, The system of molding by machinery commenced with machines in which the sand was rammed or pressed by a flat plate. The next step was taken when the pattern was mechanically withdrawn after the mold was made. two systems were united, and many ma- chines were made in which there was com- pined a flat presser and a withdrawable pattern. These were by far the more numerous class in the market, but there were other systems designed to expedite the removal and casting of the boxes, which had been largely adopted. The =< E — Subsequently the | THURSDAY, APRIL 17, 1890. chine was rapidly developed. At first the molding boxes were placed in a fixed box, but eventually the rotary head ma- chine, which we illustrate on this page, was adopted. This machine is constructed, as shown, with two heads, which are} swivelled on a center rod, forming one of the pillars of the machine. The pattern is raised or lowered by means of the levers shown, which can be locked so that it is impossible for them to be moved at the wrong time. When the boxes are in the | position shown, one is ready for being | rammed up, while the other is ready for the removal of the box, both operations taking place simultaneously. The press- | IRON AGE from a hopper placed above the outward head; the used sand, after being riddled and mixed, is brought back by a traveling band and elevator to the hopper. A |special light frame or box swivels on a joint, and can be brought above the box during filling, to allow for a surplus of sand being filled in to insure complete ramming. The extra quantity thus sup- plied can be easily removed when with- drawing the pattern. The chief features of novelty and ex- cellence claimed for this machine are those of simplicity of working and uniformity of the casting produced. Where introduced it has been found that not only is the cost ROTARY chief difficulties met with were those aris- . Ingin the ramming of the sand. It was exceedingly difficult to get a box properly rammed by hand so that the sand through- | out the mold was of uniform density. This was a matter of prime importance, as most of the evils existing in connection with castings were due to faults or varia- tions in the density of the mold. The Atlas Engine Works Company of Indianapolis, Ind., for commercial reasons determined to reduce the engines made by them to five sizes, and it therefore be- came a matter of importance to devise some means of reducing the cost of molding. Owing to the different depths necessary in the box, the proper pressing of the sand was a difficult matter, and, after a number of experiments with. a divided presser plate had been made, india-rubber bags, into which air under pressure could be admitted, were tried. These succeeded admirably, and the ma- PNEUMATIC MOLDING top box. When tke box is breught into | position under the presser, compressed air |1s admitted and first actuates a piston be- |low the bottom plate, thus raising it anc | the box until the latter is brought in con- tract with the bags. The reason for this construction is that there must necessarily be a little space to allow of the free move- ment of the head, and it is necessary to fill this space before the bags are put under pressure. As soon as the box is sufficiently raised, a valve is automatically opened and the air admitted to the bags, thus ramming the box in a few seconds. The pressure of air used is 50 pounds per square inch, which is found enough for practical purposes. After ramming, the pressure is relieved, the head swung | way out of the sand. MACHINE. ing head is constructed with the required | of molding materially reduced, but uni- | number of bays, according to the size of | formity in the size, weight, and density of | the machine, the bags being held in the | the castings produced was obtained, which could not be got either with hand or ma- chine molding as formerly tried. Further, no special provision had to be made for venting, as the gases easily. found their The speed of the machine was shown in a trial made in | Indianapolis which resulted in 196 boxes, each containing four wheels, being molded in 190 minutes, and boxes 4 inches deep, molding light bevels, were molded at the rate of 219 in 180 minutes. Trials extend- ing a considerable length of time have shown that in the usual run of work there is a large saving in the cost of production by the use of the machine in comparison with handwork. ——— The new dry dock at the Brooklyn round, the pattern drawn downwards, and | Navy Yard will soon be opened for busi- the box removed. The sand is supplied | ness. 630 THE IRON AGE, April 17, 18909 aananananBamB@omQu00Qqqamnanquququwumnuoeuuue— eS ees: SOUTHERN MISCELLANY. A 150-ton iron furnace will be erected at Athens, Tenn. The Watts Steel and Iron Company, who propose to build work at Middles- borough, Ky., have made a contract with the Mingo Mountain Coal and Coke Com- pany, of the same place, for 300 tons of coke per day for a period of three years. It is reported that James Jones is negotiating for the hase of the iron foundry of the Moundsville, W. Va., Mfg. Com- pany, which is to be enlarged and im- proved in the event of the successful termination of pending negotiations. Negotiations are in progress that might result in the transfer to Bristol of the iron foundry of Newton Colbert, at Fredericks- burg, Va. The Alamo Iron Works, at San Antonio, Texas, are to be enlarged, and boring mill with other machinery added. Parties are examining mineral proper- ties around Charleston, Tenn., and a fur- nace may be built in the near future. The Standard Pipe and Steel Company announce their intention, it is said, of erecting pipe and steel works at New- port, Ky. The Safety Signal Lantern and Mfg. Company, of Covington, Ky., will enlarge their plant, having increased their capital stock to $125,000. The Alabama Coal and Iron Company, of Shelby, Ala., have awarded a contract for the erection of a 150-ton coke iron furnace to be ready to go into blast early in 1891. It is probable that an Eastern syndicate will establish a steel plant at Knoxville, Tenn. The machine shops of the Houston and Texas Central Railroad Company, now located at Corsicana, Texas, will, it is reported, be moved to Ennis. The Alabama Coal and Iron Company, at Shelby, Ala., propose doubling the out- put of their mines and their car-wheel works, At Chattanooga the Kensington Iron and Coal Company have been incorporated by F. R. Pemberton, F. 8. Patterson, J. R. Whitman and others. A syndicate, of which A. V. Balch, of Wisconsin, is the leading spirit, have bought 1000 acres of iron lands in Wayne County, Tenn., and will develop same. -A rolling mill, an iron foundry and an agricultural implement works are contem- plated at Tredegar, Ala. ‘ The Elk Valley Coal and Iron Compan have been incorporated at Knoxville, Tenn., by J. S. Lindsay, 8. T. Harris, S. C. Baird and others. This company have invested largely in Campbell County mineral properties. There is a rumor at Sheffield, Ala., that Rogers & Sons, the great cutlery mapufact- urers, of Sheffield, England, are seriously thinking of establishing a branch plant in the Alabama town. English capitalists are said to be in nego- tiation for the purchase of 3000 acres of mineral lands near Trenton, Ga. New machinery will be added to the plant of the Livermore Foundry and Ma- chine Company, of Memphis, Tenn. The capacity of the works is to be made twice its present size. The Cardiff Coal and Iron Company, of Cardiff, Tenn., are in negotiation for the location of a steel and wire nail mill at Cardiff. The Roane Iron Company, of Rock- wood, Tenn., contemplate the erection of another iron furnace. The site for the big De Bordeleben Car Works has been chosen at Bessemer, Ala. Work on the new plant will begin by the ist of June. The agricultural implement works, of Terrell & Co., at Conyers, Ga., will prob- ably be moved to Americus. In the event of the transfer its capacity will be con- siderably enlarged. Ohio parties are negotiating with the view of establishing agricultural imple- ment works at Barbourville, Ky. The site for the works of the Atlanta Car Company is being graded, and the plans for the buildings are being drafted. J. G. Peck is president and general man- ager, and J. G. Healy, secretary The Pioneer Iron Works, of Middles- borough, Ky., have commenced the erec- tion of their foundry and machine shops. Work has commenced on the machine shops and roundhouses which are to be built at El Paso, Tex., by the Galveston, Houston and San Antonio Railway Com- pany. d Stephen Roach, the son and successor of John Roach, the great shipbuilder, is making a personal inspection of the Ala- bama iron region. The Superior Court, of Durham, N. C., last week reached a decision in the case of the McNeal Pipe and Foundry Company, of Newark, N. J., against A. H. Howland, of Durham, for payment for material fur- nished. The jury awarded the company $23,306.59, but the Judge set aside the verdict and granted a new trial upon the application of the defendant. The Emerson, Ga., Malleable Iron Works, which claims to be the only plant of its kind in the South, drew their first cast- ings last week. The event was celebrated by the citizens of the place with appro- priate ceremony. The work of enlarging the Athen, Ga., Foundry is nearly completed. The Odell Hardware Company, at Greenshoro, N. C., contemplate making extensive improvements to their buildings. An addition will be made 150 feet deep, four stories high, with a magnificent pressed brick and granite front. The Charleston, Cincinnati and Chicago Railroad, now building from the first named city, via Marion, 8. C.; Johnson City, Tenn., to Big Stone Gap, Va., goes through Blacksburg, and it is statsd that as soon as the railroad to Big Stone Gap is finished, where coking coal will be obtainable, furnaces are likely to be built. As this railroad has $6,000,000 of English capital back of it, there will be consider- able development along its route. The blast furnace now building at Johnson City, Tenn., will use the Cran- berry ores, and will ship most, if not all, of its product to the Roane Iron Mill, at Chattanooga, to be manufactured into Bessemer steel. The Columbus Iron Works, of Colum- bus, Ga., is actively engaged at present in turning out the Stratson ice machines, of which they are the sole manufacturers. The demand for these machines from all parts of the country is now so great that increased facilities for their manufacture are contemplated. The Rock Steel Iron Foundry, of Little Rock, Ark., has recently filled an extensive order for iron work needed in the con- struction of the new roundhouse of the Seurcy and West Point Railroad. The Cordele Machine Shops, at Cordele, Ga., beside doing a general foundry busi- ness, announce that they will make a specialty of cotton-mill machinery. The C. O. Donovan Machine Shops, at Knoxville, Tenn,, are being doubled in capacity. The disagreement with the 1000 em- ployees of the Birmingham, Ala., rolling mills, still remains unadjusted, and that plant, which is the largest rolling mill in the South, has now been idle eight weeks. The rolling mill, at Briarfield, Ala., which has been idle for three years, it is said, will again commence operations. The Cochran Ore Company, with a capital stock of $30,000, with privilege to increase same, has been incorporated at Rochmart, Ga., by Gordon McKay, of Newport, R. I.; C. A. Henderson, of Brookline, Mass.; T B. Warner, of Cin. cinnati, Ohio, and others. Boiler and machine works are likely to be established at Shelby, Ala., by Ohio capitalists. Negotiations are now pend- ing. An iron foundry will probably be built at Warren, Ark A company is now being organized by iron men from Pine Bluff. Machine shops are to be added to the manufacturing plant of Cruger & Pace, at Albany, Ga. The capacity of the Eureka Machine Shops, at Tallahassee, is to be enlarged by the addition of more machinery. The iron works of Lamer Brothers are to be moved from West Point, Ga., to Americus. At the latter place the Amer- icus Iron Works Company, with a capital stock of $50,000, has been organized by E. F. Lamer, 8. H. Hawkins, John Windsor and others. The capacity of the plant will be considerably enlarged. A 100-ton coke furnace will be erected at Clarksville, Tenn. A branch establishment of the machine shops of G. R. Lombard & Co., of Augusta, Ga., will, it is reported, be located at Milledgeville. The Otter Creek Coal, Iron and Timber Company have petitioned the Keprtucky Legislature for letters of incorporation, and a bill has been introduced to that end. The Luddington cigarette machine will be manufactured at Baltimore, where a $70,000 company has just been organized by P. H. Woodrum, of Roanoke, Va.; Charles Marshall, J. M. Heiskell and others. The name of the new corporation is the Baltimore Cigarette Machine Com- pany. A company is said to be forming at Marion, N. C., for the purpose of building an iron furnace. The Elle Valley Coal and Iron Company have been organized to open coal and iron properties at Elle Valley, Tenn. The Moundsville, W. Va., Mfg. Com: pany intend enlarging their foundry aad machine shops. The ae Company, at Morristown Tenn., are taking steps looking to t building of a 100-ton iron furnace. It is stated that the B. & O. R. R. Co machine shops located at Marksburg. Va., are to be moved to Berlin, Md. An effort is being made to form a com- pany at Raleigh, N. C., to build an iron furnace. The car works of the United States Roll- ing Stock Company, located at Decatur, Ala., and which a few years ago were moved from Urbana, Ohio, were partially destroyed by fire during the past week. The fire originated in the forging depart- ment, and the machine shop, blackmith shop, bolting-room and engine-room, with all their contents, including a 300 horse- power engine were destroyed. The loss is said to be $200,000, supposed to be fully covered by insurance. The main buildings, where the woodwork is done, are un- injured, It is probable the plant will be rebuilt at once. ——— EEE The Master Plumbers’ Association, of Brooklyn, has just shown that it controls the power to make connections between the water mains aad new buildings. William I. Preston came into possession by foreclosure of mortgage of five houses, Nos. 563 to 579 Pacific street. Donovan & Hearnon did the plumbing. They put in a bill for $800, and when Mr. Preston declined to pay it they refused to make the water connection. Mr. Preston could get no other plumber to do the work. He then compromised the bill of Donovan & Hearnon, paying $300, and they put in the connections. April 17, 1890 SS The McLanahan Ore Washer.* The use of the ore washer has developed more largely in Virginia, Georgia, Ala- bama and Tennessee than elsewhere lately, but the forms principally employed are either the shaft or the cone washers. The shaft washers are single or double, the lat- ter being preferred, and consist of one or two logs of wood iron bound.and fitted with blades; these logs revolve in a trough in which the ore and water are placed, the revolving blades cutting up the clay lumps and forcing the ore up the inclined bottom of the trough, the water carrying away the clay to suitable settling reservoirs or mud dams. In some instances iron shafts have been used in place of logs, and the most approved arrangement is to have paddles which slip into sockets secured to the shaft, in place of securing the blades di- rectly to the shaft. The accompanying illustration shows an arrangement of washer, of which a number have been erected in central Pennsylvania, in Vir- ginia, Tennessee and Alabama by tke THE IRON AGE. 631 Gaysport foundry, of Hollidaysburg, Pa. | their length, thus practically submerging The ore as brought from the workings is discharged from mine cars on a ‘ grizzly,” through which all but the lumps pass into the trough. These lumps are fed into a crusher and from this also drop into the trough, unless it is desired to ship them without washing. As, however, consider- able clay adheres to or is inclosed in the nodules of brown hematite ore, the washing of the broken lumps is advisable. As the blades cut or push the ore forward in the trough, it is met by a stream of water and ORE WASHER. e-LOG McLANAHAN DOUBLI THE the clay is washed away, the ore passing out at the upper end of the trough into a revolving screen in which a final rinsing by water takes place, and in which the finer ore or sand is separated, the coarse ore passing on to an inclined conveyor, which serves asa table from which any foreign material may be hand-picked. In some instances all the fine ore which will pass through 1-inch round holes is, after washing, treated in jigs. An advantage claimed for this washer is, that it embraces the principal feature * From the Journal of the United States As- | Of the submerged log washers, logs being sociation of Charcoal [ron Workers. placed on an incline of from 2 to 3 feet in the logs nearly one-half their length, the back end of the washer box being 4 feet high. The logs are 17 to 18 inches in diameter, and generally 30 feet long, covered with iron their entire length. The teeth are made with detached bases, the bases being secured to the logs so that the chilled teeth may be renewed without disturbing the bases. The logs are pro- vided with flanged gudgeons, the back or lower gudgeon being protected with a chilled thimble, which runs in a chill step or bearing The logs are both driven from the front or discharge end by spur and bevel gearing. Two or more washers may be set side by side, all driven by the same main-line shaft, with countershafts to each washer, this countershaft being fitted with a shifting clutch, so that any one machine may be readily stopped with- out interfering with the operation of the others. A circular issued by McLanahan & Stone, descriptive of jigs, makes the following statement : ‘* Many furnacemen have never attempted to estimate the cost of smelting the foreign material contained in their ores. It is not unusual to tind furnaces using ore contain- ing 20 per cent. of foreign matter that might be taken out by a good jig, and it will be generally found to pay to use jigs, if only 5 per cent-or less of foreign matter can be removed. In estimating the cost of using low-grade ores 1n a blast furnace, not only the cost ot coke, lime and furnace labor required to smelt this barren material must be considered, but the cost of freight, handling and storage, and taking care of increased amount of cinder. It also de- creases the available capacity of the furnace. ‘*As the commercial value of ore becomes generally regulated by its analysis, it will be found necessary to give more thought to the proper dressing of the silicious hematites, and it must be remembered that the value of ore depends not only on the metallic iron, but also on the lin it of silica. ‘*The market value of ore varies in the different parts of this country more than the price of pig iron. Formerly but little difference was made in the price of high and low grade ore, but gradually all ores are being held at more nearly their real value, and this difference in value varies with cost of coke, labor and all other ex- penses outside of ore, and if it is possible to increase the metallic iron 5 units, and secure a corresponding decrease in silica by the use of jigs, they would prove rofitable investments.” The same author- ity suggests the following general rule for determining the value of brown hematite ores at the time: ‘** Rule-—For each unit of increase in metallic iron add one-twentieth of 1 cent per unit to selling price; and for each unit that silica is lowered add one- teath of 1 cent to selling price. Thus, if ore before jigging analyses, iron, 42, silica, 22, and sells for 3 cents per unit, or $1.26 per ton—if this ore is improved by the jigs to iron, 50, silica, 12, the increase in iron, 8 units, at one-twentieth of 1 cent per unit, equals four-tenths of 1 cent and decreased silica 10 units at +4; cent per unit—equals 1 cent. Making total price tor jigged ore per unit 4.4 cents. Fifty per cent. ore, at 4.4 cents per unit, equals $2.20 per ton—an increase of 94 cents per ton.” The following analyses of brown hema- tite ores before and after jigging are pre- sented. Metallic Insoluble iron. residue. Ore before jigging bec aast 31.72 48.82 Same ore after jigging.. 51.465 15.3 Ore before jigging....... 43.20 26.40 Same ore after jigging.. 50.59 16.53 Where phosphorus exists as apatite, it is often reduced by washing and jigging the ore, thus bringing some non- Bessemer hema- tites nearer to, or within the Bessemer limit. 632 THE IRON AGE, April 17, 1890 bars, and slabs, and consume it in making solder, alloys of various kinds, coatings for small iron wares, pipes for conveying certain fluids, &c. It is classed among the expensive metals, its price in New York being usually about 20 cents per pound, and rising above American Tin. We propose in this article to present a general account of the Glendale Tin Com- pany, of the Black Hills, Dakota, who b Sp arian Z & .. ae = 7 ry Re Pos pF ms » Z/ wile » 7} ae . ae ‘ Ot -— ¢, é i oe se LS Z , 5 . 5 NSP WW 3 af) Pom ER Li : te Put Sean P.O oes - a ¥ u ffalo Gap y * t Springs: "8 P.O. 3 Ww American Tin.—Fig. 1.—Map of that Part of Dakota Known as the Black Hills, claim the distinction of being the first in |or falling below that rate, according to the United States to produce tin on a|the movements of speculators in London commercial basis. In the first illustration | or Amsterdam, where the output of the we showa map of that section of Dakota | world’s tin mines is controlled. . Rock>—7 ss Breaker¢—, rease 7 6 = > ey "eee, I uo Rev. 224-5 - 299 Reva tte Chain 50 ft. De : . Malnuge\ | | 20 Rey, I\) CS LV Ore Bin) NVA == —(V in which the Black Hills are located, and of which the tin district is a conspicuous part. The Black Hills, it is scarcely ne- cessary for us to remark, are upon the extreme western boundary of Dakota— in fact,they extend slightly into Wyoming. SOURCE OF PRESENT SUPPLY. Up to the preseut time neither tin nor tin plate has been produced in this country to more than a very limited extent. We de-, pend on Wales for our supply of tin-plate | and on Cornwall in England, New South Wales and Tasmania in Australia, and the | country adjacent to the Straits of Penang in Southern Asia for our supply of tin. Although, as above stated, no tin plate is now manufactured in the United States, , , and, therefore, no tin is used for that pur-| Tin is not a rare metal, being found in pose, yet we import from 12,000 to 15,000 many places all over the world, but work- tons of tin annually in the forms of pigs, | able deposits of tin ore are rare, It has DAKOTA TIN ORE. been discovered in numerous places in the United States, and attempts have been made to work several of the deposits, but as year after year passed without the ap- pearance of American tin in our markets, the belief became quite general that tin was at ‘east one metal which our prolific national treasure house did not contain in shape to work successfully. Quite re- cently, howeve:, discoveries have been made in the Black Hills District of South Dakota, which prove the existence in that locality of deposits of tin ore, which are claimed to be richer than any heretofore worked in any part of the world, with one exception, These claims are based on investigations which have been made by metallurgists of established reputation on both sides of the Atlantic. The Black Hills’ deposits are therefore of a character to work profitably, and the question of the future production of our supply of tin trom domestic sources is at last presumed to have been settled. CASSITERITE, The technical name of tin ore is cassit- eri‘e. When pure it is a combination of metallic tin and oxygen. Cassiterite is found in crystals, their size varying from almost imperceptible particles to massive specimens. It must, therefore, first be separated mechanically from the rock in which it is imbedded. In the Black Hills deposit this rock is composed of quartz, mica, albite or feldspar. In some cases, however, the rock has been disintegrated by the action of the elements and the cas- siterite has been deposited by itself in beds called placers. Cassiterite thus found is named stream tin. If such placers were of large extent they would be the best source from which to obtain tin, as it would sim- ply be necessary to collect the stream tin »y washing and smelt it. But as no de- posits of that character are found in this country the great reliance must be placed on the cassiterite mined in veins, which are found in the Black Hills to vary in size from a few inches up to 300 feet in width and in length from a few yards to more than three miles. The outcrop of the veins so far found are from the surface of the ground up to as much as 150 feet above the surface. | From the discovery of tin up to the pres- Fig. 2.—Section through the Mill of the Glendale Tin Company. |ent time more than 6,000 tin locations have been made. It is very probable that there will be as many more found within tne next few years. There are now nearly April 17, 1890 500 men employed in development work on the tin mines of Pennington and Cus- ter counties. Many of the claims have been developed by shafts and tunnels to depths of from 50 to 850 feet. RICHNESS OF TIN ORE. The richness of the Black Hills tin ore is difficult to estimate, owing to the un- evenness with which the cassiterite is dis- tributed through the veins. In some places the tin crystals are large and numer- ous, while in others they are small and comparatively few in number. The veins which have been most thoroughly tested, however, show from 3 to 20 per cent. of SMe Ce eterna Fig. 3.—A Gates Rock Breaker. metallic tin, or from 60 pounds to 400 pounds of tin to the ton of rock. Such ore is wonderfully rich when compared with tin ores which are worked abroad. There are, it appears, instances in Cornish mines where even 5 pounds to 8 pounds of tin per ton of stuff pays working costs, water-power, of course, being present. The larger dividend-paying tin mines of Cornwall range from 28 pounds to 84 pounds per ton, and the records of the Stanneries show the average of the entire county seldom, if ever, exceeds 46 pounds of tin perton. The formerly well-known productive tins of Germany, at Altenbergy average 45 pounds. From careful study of their accounts it seems that the famed Mount Bischoff properties make 88 pounds on very large quantities, and the reports of Government inspectors in the North- eastern mining districtof the same colony, Tasmania, show from 112 to 180 pounds per ton. PREVIOUS ATTEMPTS AT MINING. But the question naturally comes up, Why has not tin been produced before if the Black Hills deposits are so very rich? This question can be easily answered. Tin cannot be produced from the earth as easily as silver or gold, or even copper. It is by no means a ‘‘ poor man’s metal.” The cassiterite must be separated from the rock by machinery capable of saving every particle of the tin, and such machinery is expensive. Prospectors who discover tin mines are poor men. The first prospectors in the Black Hills sold their claims to an organization of New York capitalists who THE IRON AGE. Company were afterward reorganized on an English basis and are now vigorously at work preparing to operate their mines on a large scale. A Chicago company named the Tin Mountain Company, built a mill in 1887 for the purpose of developing a tin property, but equipped it with imperfect machinery and it also failed to accomplish anything. Finally the School of Mines, at Rapid City, 8. Dak., took up the question of tir separation, and experimented with machinery until a method was found which proved to be entirely satisfactory. THE GLENDALE CO. Profiting by these experiments and fail- ures, the Glendale Tin Company, of Chi- cago, entered the field in 1888, having acquired control of a property near Her- mosa, South Dakota. Beginning opera- tions late in the fall of that year, but little was done until the spring of 1889, when the development of their mines was vigor- ously pushed. Test tunnels and shafts demonstrated the existence of a very large body of rich ore. The mill was then built, but delays in the seceipt of its equipment prevented it from being started until late in December. The unavoidable difficulties attendant on thestarting of new machinery were experienced, and extremely cold | weather embarrassed operations for a time, but all these troubles have been overcome, and the mill is now in regular operation producing tin for the market. The Glen- dale Tin Company have thus attained the honor of being the first successful pro- ducers of American tin THE WORKS. This enterprise is of such importance that our readers will be interested in illus- trations showing the mill and machinery. The mill, Fig. 2, is.of frame construction and is set against a hill side, so that its three levels or stories may each have a bed- rock foundation to support the heavy machinery. The ground, or first level, ‘ 633 ee lllllllllllllleeeQQQDES?”008Q0——.—o 5555655 os as to use either steam or water-power as may be most desirable. The engine was built by the Pheenix Iron Works Company, of Meadville, Pa., and the water wheel by Craig, Ridgway & Son, of Coatesville, Pa. A flume 5500 feet long conveys water from a dam to a point 100 feet above the mill, giving ample power. REDUCING THE ORE. In operating the mill the ore passes au- tomaticaily from the bin to the ore breaker. This is a Gates breaker, built by the Gates Iron Works, of Chicago, and is illustrated in Fig. 3 of the accompanying cuts. The breaker crushes the ore to about nut size. The crushed ore then passes through a dryer room, 30 feet in length, into the ore bin over therolls. It is thus conveyed by means of an inclined revolving pipe or cylinder, around which is a larger pipe into which heat is con- ducted to dry the ore The rolls into which the crushed ore passes are called Cornish rolls. They were also built by the Gates Iron Works. Fig. 4 is a broken view of a _ pair. These rolls are 24 inches in diameter witb a 14-inch face, and are cast solid, while their surface is chilled to resist wear. They | are entirely inclosed by a screen which re- | volves in the opposite direction from the ‘rolls. ‘This screen is provided with ele- |vators which take any ore not escaping |through its meshes back to the rolls to pass through and be crushed still finer. From these rolls the ore, which is now quite fine but not ground to a flour, is elevated to a series of screens which se- parate the sizes into five grades. These dif- ferent sizes are then dropped into as many bins, which are directly over the Hartz jigs and the concentrating tables. The tables used are known as the Paradox, built by Geo. M. Gross, 2117 State street, Chicagu, and Fig. 5 is an illustration of one. The concentrating tables take the very finest Fig. 4.—Broken View of Cornish Rolls. established the Harney Peak Tin Mining, | contains the rolls, jigs and concentrating Milling and Manufacturing Company. They opened the Etta mine, and in 1885 built a mill near by to work the ore. After a very short run the mill was shut down. Although ‘the ore treated by it aver- aged over 4 per cent., less than half of the tin contents were saved, and the machinery was shown to be un- adapted to the work. The members of the company, were, however, not discouraged, but took the opportunity pre- sented some time after of buying up large number of tin claims, whose owners were willing to sell out cheap because they were discouraged by the failure of the mill to treat the ores properly. The Harney Peak tables. The second level holds the ore dryers and sizing machines. The third, or top level, forms the ore floor, immedi- ately beneath which is the ore breaker. An ore bin capable of holding 175 tons of ore, is set above this level, resting on a foundation entirely separate from the mull. From the top of the ore bin a wire-rope tramway, built by Fraser & Chalmers, of Chicago, runs across a deep, narrow val- ley to the mine opening on the side of the adjacent hill. This tramway conveys ore to the bin by buckets and is worked by gravity, the loaded buckets taking back the empty ones. The-mill is equipped with a steam engine and a water wheel, so sizes, or what may be called slimes. The ore is fed wet or in a pulp to the feeder in the tables. The main feature of these tables is a large rubber belt, some 10 feet long and 5 feet wide, which moves slowly around two large cylinders ordrums. The pulp is fed toward the head of the belt and works its way under jets of water, the water raising the lighter material and forcing it back toward the lower end of the belt, allowing the heavier material in the shape of tin particles to pass for- ward into a box by themselves. The tin thus separated is called concentrates or headings, while the waste material washed away is known as tailings. The concen- trates are ready to be smelted in a small 634 THE IRON AGE. April 17, 1890 furnace or crucible, and will then produce the white tin or pig or block tin of com- merce. The Hartz jigs operate similarly to the concentrating tables, by utilizing the higher specific gravity of the cassiterite as compared with the rock accompany- ing it. Sections of Hartz jigs are shown in Fig. 6. The Hartz jig consists of a water tank divided by a partition PROVIDENCE NOTES. The Corliss Safe and Vault Door Mfg. Company have just shipped to the Second National Bank of Hoboken, N. J., two sets of their 35 x 78 inch Corliss air-tight vault doors, weighing 72,000 pounds. The Brown & Sharpe Mfg. Company have just issued a new catalogue, pocket size, giving a complete list of their manu- which does not reach to the bottom. | factures, besides a large amount of valua- On one side of the partition is fixed a horizontal screen on which the sized ore is fed. On the other side is a loosely working plunger operated vertically by a crank. The lighter portions of the ore | ble information on the different materials | and supplies used by all manufacturers, machinists and draftsmen. Sullivan, Ingham & Wilcox, of Wes- terly, have added to their facilities for the Fig. 5.—Paradox Concentrating Table. are brought to the top by the action of the plunger, which forces the column of water down one side of the box and up the other side through the screen. The light material then passes off and the heavy particles settle to the bottom through the screen. CAPACITY. The capacity of the Glendale mill is as follows: The machinery on whe upper level, consisting of rock breaker and dryer, will take care of 120 tons of ore per day; the rolls and sizers on the second level, 50 tons; the concentrators and jigs, 50 tons. The plant is capable of great extensions, as the ore is in sufficient quantity to justify the erection of a mill many times as large, while the success attained in the operation of the machinery removes any bar which might have existed in that di- rection. At present the tin concentrates are taken to Chicago to be smelted, but the company will shortly complete the en- tire reduction of the ore to pig tin on their own property. The officers of the com- pany are as follows: Fred. W. Gardner, president; John Webster, vice-president: F. H. Long, secretary and general man- ager; George W. Cope, treasurer. These gentlemen, in connection with Joseph M. Larimer, M. B. Mills and A. W. Fellows, constitute the board of directors. The of- fice of the company is at 41 Portland Block, Chicago. ST EEE The Chandler Iron Company, of Chi- cago, operating the Chandler mine of the) Vermillion range in Minnesota, declared a dividend of $1 per share on Febrnary 15. It is the intention of the company to con- tinue to pay a like dividend every 60 days | this year. Having sold the greater por- tion of their output for the season of 1890 at an advance over that of 1889, an equal, or better dividend is assured for the ensu- ing year. It will be remembered that this mine was only opened in the latter part of 1888 and that last year was the first full year for ore shipments. For a young mine it shows a degree of vigor which en- ables it to distance many companies much more prominent in the eye of the public. manufacture of stove tools an upright power hammer, made by the Belden Ma- chine Company, of New Haven, Conn. The hammer, by a very simple arrange- ment operated by the foot, is capable of making from four strokes to 424 strokes a minute, as desired by the operator. Being upright, the machine occupies much less floor space than the old-fashioned trip hammer and works with ease. It will be used largely in the manufacture of drills, points and wedges, chisels, half-rounds, &c. This firm contemplate soon replacing their four horse-power engine and ten horse-power boiler for others of much Company, of this city, and it has been found to give universal satisfaction, an- swering all the requirements of durability, hardness and quality of composition, It is made in foar grades of weight and is espe- cially adapted to the painting of engines, boilers, pumps, lathes, planes and other machinery. The Old Colony road have purchased from the Mason Machine Company, Taun- ton, a Bogie engine, built for the Atlantic and Ohio road about four years ago, and which has been standing in the shop since, as financial troubles affecting the Western road prevented a delivery. A new company has just been formed in this city by E, 8S. Buffum, of Springfield; Charles Fletcher, L. M. Peck and other capitalists for the purpose of manufactur- ing degras, a product made from the scouring suds of woolen factories. The material for this product is at present al- lowed to rub off with the water from American woolen mills. The company have a capital stock of $50,000, and have applied for incorporation certificate. Pipe lines will as be constructed from several of the large mills to converge near the Armington & Sims Engine Works. A plant will be erected at that point as soon as incorporation papers are received, and a new system to extract ‘the degras from the waste suds, called the Yoeyan process, will be used. Degras resembles vaseline and is invaluable in currying factories. The product will be handled by G. H. Leonard & Co., of Boston, who now import annually upward of 8,000,000 pounds. There is much being done just now at the Edison electric Fighting Station at Newport. The huge flue is being erected. The large engine, for driving the street cars, is expected in a few days, and when it gets within the bounds of the city it can be justly said that the Edison Com- pany own the largest engine in Newport. (tis of Armington & Sims make and of 200 horse- power. The Potter & Atherton Machine Com- pany, of Pawtucket, are very busy on orders for cotton machinery, running their large shop on full time to keep up with the demand. This company have recently put into the Cornell Mills, at Fall River, Fig. 6.—Diagramic View of Hartz Jigs. | larger capacity, in order to meet the de- mands of their growing business, All manufacturers should recognize the importance of applying a preservative coat- |ing toiron. Ifa piece of machinery, an engine, boiler, pump or other portion of an equipment be left without some kind of protection, the iron cannot be kept ina rfect state of preservation. It is essen- tial also that the best kind of paint be ap- plied, a paint that has stood the test of long use, and which always leaves the iron free from the ravages of corrosion, which is the principle danger to be guarded against. Many manufacturers throughout New England and the South and West are using a paint known as the Eureka Ma- ‘chinery Paint, made py the National Paint the latest and newest cotton machinery, known as the two section compound opener lapper and the single-beater finisher lapper, which are giving great satisfaction; the former supplied with patent Buckley opener and Potter patent edal feed motion evener and consolidated ap head, the latter with Potter patent evener and consolidated iap-head. One of the largest presses ever brought into Western Massachusetts is being erected by the American Zylonite Company, at North Adams. It weighs 29,700 pounds and has a pressure of over 1,500,000 pounds. Among the many different lines of manufacture carried on in Providence, the iron and steel industry ranks among the April 17, 1890 THE IRON AGE. 635 first inimportance. The various establish- ments now running turn out engines, looms, braiding machinery, print cloth presses, piping, pumps, pulleys, shafting, files, bolts, shuttles, spindles and numer- ous other articles for mechanical and agri- cultural use. There is over $8,500,000 invested in 118 iron and steel plants, con- suming about $3,500,000 annually, and turning out an aggregate product valued at $8,113,784. The total number of em- loyees is about 7000. The engines made in this city are noted the world over, and thousands of mills and factories and all kinds of industrial establishments have been and are being equipped with engines made by these firms. A large number of engines are sent every year to South America and Mexico, and they even find a ready mar- ket in European countries. Many of the iron companies are favorable to the re- cently circulated petition for free raw ma- terial, and are of the belief that with free iron the prosperity of Providence, in the The Old Colony Railroad, among the most enterprising in New England in its mechanical department, 1s now to be the iron interests, would be greatly enhanced | Pawtucket, ‘The company employ quite a number of men, the majority of whom will remove to the latter city, and the fac- tory will be a welcome addition to Paw- tucket’s already numerous manufacturing concerns. The Corliss Steam Engine Company, of this city, are at work on a pair of com- pound condensing engines for the Tecum- seh Mills, to be ready in about seven weeks. They will be of the cross-compound pat- tern, with a high pressure cylinder 24 inches in diameter, and the low pressure 40 inches. The engine will be run about 65 revolutions a minute. A new threading die brought out by J. M. Carpenter, at Pawtucket, has some peculiar advantages which make it of greater value than the average die in daily use. A special feature consists in the in- sertion of a taper pin into a hole reamed for its reception in the slot or opening, | and is intended to serve the purpose of the more costly collet or collar in which such dies are usually placed. In making these dies they are so made us to have a tendency to spring together or close up the opening, which makes them grasp the pin =, — ¢ <w —— e= 2: wie eo HA HO Yew A Was H 4 ' < Ha ? ‘Hh =, | We mn is 4 2 i—— H = } i i= arnt F 7H | HUN re iP 1H | 4 A ee— Ok 3h Uae 7 f <= STEAM EXHAUST 7 3 hl yi ae / THREE-CYLINDER ENGINE. first New England road to join with the | firmly. When worn largely it is only Pennsylvania, the Baltimore and Ohio and | necessary to drive the pin out slightly, the Michigan Central in investigating the | merits of the compound locomotive. Mr. F. W. Dean, the mechanical engineer, has designed a compound which 1s now being built at the South Boston shops of the railroad company. The cylinders will be 20 x 24 and 28 x 24, driving wheels 69 inches in diameter, truck wheels 36 inches in diameter, boiler 56 inches in diameter, and to carry a pressure of 200 pounds to the square inch. The engines will be used for | express service between Boston and this city. The Howell Torpedo Company, of this city, is under contract to supply the United States Government with 30 of its new torpedves, to be delivered before rext September. Lieutenant Very, for- merly of the United States Navy, but now chief of the Howell Construction Works, called on Commander Jewell, at the tor- pedo station, Newport, one day the past week, and formally announced that they were ready for the Government trials and inspection. The Naval board will con- vene at once. Entirely new results are looked for and considerable interest is be- coming manifest in the trials. The American Machine Company, of this city, whose works are located on Sprague street, are about to remove to when the die closes. After properly ad- justing the size, the projecting end of the pin can be smoothed off. Should the two parts of the die be sprung sidewise in hardening, the insertion of the pin restores them to their proper places, making the threads match as before. By this means it is not necessary te readjust it each time. | It is placed in the stock or holder, as is the case with many of the open dies, and which occasion so much annoyance and loss of time in their use. LEONIDAS. ee Considerable progress is being made toward placing concentrates on the mar- ket as a regular source of iron ore supply, and some excellent results have been ob- tained. The new plant at the Crcton Mines, New York, is now in operation, using the Buchanan and Croton magnetic separators ; the concentrating works near Bechtelsville, Pa., is now separating a very lean magnetite by the use of the Edison separator, and at Michigamme, Mich., the | Wenstrom Magnetic separator is being | worked to utilize a large dump pile. A ‘large concentrating plant is in course of |erection in New Jersey, two others are | approaching re pages in northern New | York, and a third is being remodelled in ; southern New York. D Three-Cylinder Engine. The accompanying illustration shows an engine consisting of three cylinders lo- cated around a central chamber and equi- distant from each other. Within the cylinders are placed the pistons, which in turn are connected direct with the crank- pin and held to the same by two rings, one within the other. By turning the outer ring upon the inner, all wear can be taken up in these parts. Dividing the crank chamber from the valve chamber is a partition in which is located the bearing for the crank shaft, also the steam and ex- haust passages to and from the cylinders. The bonnet which forms the back chamber contains the valve which is practically balanced, or in other words the steam pressure is slightly in excess on the side of the valve next to its seat, in order that it may be held to its seat. Back of the valve, and fixed to the crank shaft, is a collar which, by means of lugs, carries around the valve, which in turn distrib- utes the steam and controls the exhaust to and from the cylinders successively. By the construction shown a body of oil is placed in the crank chamber, and at each revolution of the crank the parts are lubricated, the valve and its chamber being lubricated in the ordinary way by oil carried along by the steam. As the engine has no dead center it can be started with the crank in any position, and the connecting rods being always in compres- sion there can be no blow or pound upon the crank-pin with the engine running at any speed. All working parts are encased, therefore kept free from collecting dust. The moment steam is admitted, which is always at the best leverage of the crank, it is communicated to the crank-pin direct without loss of friction through other parts, as in the ordinary engine. The crank shaft is balanced to insure running at high speed. The bearings are more than ample for any work that could be placed upon them, therefore reducing the wear to the minimum. The form of the engine is neat, light and compact, requiring less room than any engine of same horse-power. The valve is adapted to cut off the steam and work ex- pansively in each cylinder, thereby secur- ing all the power of the steam before exhausting as well as economy in the use of steam. The high speed at which the engine can be run admits of large wm 4 ments of power, which is of especial ad- vantage in many cases. This engine is built by the Abbe Steam Engine Com- papy, of 12 Cortlandt street, New York. EE The largest vessel ever built at Milwau- kee was launched on the 5th inst. It will also be among the largest on the lakes, having an estimated capacity of 2500 gross tons of iron ore; is 310 feet over all, 42 feet beam and 24 feet hold; will be equipped with a triple expansion engine, 21 x 34 x 57, and 42 inch stroke; and will have two boilers of inch steel, built of Scotch type, each 13 feet in diameter. Although built of wood, this vessel has been very solidly constructed and is claimed to be equal in strength to any on the lakes. It has been christened Fred. Pabst, aftera prominent Milwaukee brewer, in honor of whom miniature beer kegs will take the place of the balls usually seen on the mastheads. The Wolf & Davidson Steamship Company are the owners. Shipping ore from the Vermilion Iron Range is expected to commence about the 15th, the docks at Two Harbors being nearly filled. They will hold 40,000 tons. The range will ship nearly 900,000 tons of ore in 1890, The Chandler Mine has 100,000 tons of ore in stock. April 17, 1290 BZOVYOLS NYSLivd THE IRON AGE. | . 636 ‘ANVUNOO GNIONA WVALS NMOLYUALVM dO le—-—11 6 — -- dOHS NH3iiVd dOHS HilNSHOV1¢9 —--3,9-- as Wwooy IO0OL ‘ | e-- -% 96-- / WOON JNION SdOHS MUN dO MBIA NV'ld 7 | S_ | is bone sl 391440 ts 192 -—___---—__-_—___. i a eo oe oe eS = WOOU TVINZLVW = dOHS JNIHOVA =) TL : ' 1v09 cial stimmiiiiombiens . ene Ot meme + a i t ne ee S31VOS “uy ¥ = — a a — sles HOLIMS ONIAZO3H j _— Tee eee - ———— = A | LY AS © RES SERRE © Ny © me oe 8 ee ee = a A x | dOHS Y3I1I08 ' PS WOOU JNIONZ ia +, ' = ¥. _ —--11 #6— - 6 1 | | oe ee eo a a ae ee = : dOHS 431109 | it~ -—__- ——_- - —--- aay April 17, 1890 New Shops of Watertown Steam Engine Company. = The Watertown Steam Engine Company, of Watertown, N. Y., buiiders