The Iron Age : Vol. XLIII [April-June 1889]

This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the information in books and make it universally accessible. Google" books https://books.google.com paESENTED TO THE LIBHiLHlT OF THR UXIMiKSITY OF MICHIGAN . ; Thb Iron Age Thursday, April 4 , 1889. UniTersal and Antomatlc Millingr Machine. In those registering machines that em¬ ploy a train of so-called clock-gearing to transmit motion from the driver to the hands of the dials it is most essential to have the gears run with as little friction ting the gears and pinions used in that meter. It was necessary to have a ma¬ chine the accuracy of whose work could be relied upon, and which would be rapid in operation and durable. An uninter rupted use of one of these machines for over seven years shows that it possesses these feature in a marked degree. It has has three changes of feed; the feed-cone B has two changes and drives the larger cone C. Motion is transmitted from the shaft of the cone C through a universal joint- connection, D, to the devices operating the table and dividing mechanism. On the shaft E is a clutch which engages alternately with a forward and backward UNIVERSAL AND AUTOMATIC MILUNG MACHINE. as possible, and at the same time to fit so ’ cut at the rate of over 100>(K)0 gears a ! train of gearing, the speeds being in the that lost motion will either be done away year, and its repair account has b^en in- ■ ratio of 4^ to 1. The shaft immediately wit^ entirely or reduced to a minimum, significant. j above and parallel with the shaft E per- This is especially the case in those ma- So self-explanatory are the drawings ! forms two operations, one of which is the chin^ in which the power available for that a detailed description of the machine I driving of the table through beveled gears driving the mechanism is small. Recog- is not needed to enable one to understand actuating the table screw L, which can be nizing these facts, the milling machine of its construction and operation; we will, | disengaged from the gearing or brought whicn we herewith present a perspective therefore, merely mention the morepromi- into operation by a friction clutch shown and sectional drawing was designed by * nent features. The driving shaft is pro- at P, and of the form commonly used in L. H. Nash, inventor of the Crown vided at either end with a t per bearing the feed mechanism of a lathe. The second watr;r-meter, solely for the purpose of cut- for taking up wear. The driving-cone A operation performed by the intermediate Digitized by c^oogie 502 THE IRON AGE, April 4y 1889^ shaft consists in driving the automatic dividing mechanism carried by the shaft F, which is driven in either direction by the gear G, which is mounted loosely upon a sleeve, and is provided at each side with a leather friction clutch. On the sleeve is an arm, carrying a pawl, adapted to enga^ with the ratchet-wheel I, mounted on the shaft F, which has its bearing in a hollow shaft, and is formed with a worm at its inner end. The sleeve above mentioned has a threaded bearing, so that at each revolution it advances or recedes the space of one thread. The movement of the sleeve and its pawl-carry¬ ing arm is controlled by two stops, one of which regulates the number of complete tember next. The opening day will be September 4, at 8 p.m., and closing day on October 19, at 11 p.m. The programme of opening exercises is given in full, to¬ gether with the rules and regulations to be observed in all of the departments. The Coke Trade. A recent trip through a portion of the Connellsville coke regions by a representa¬ tive of The Iron Age disclosed the fact that the condition of this industry at the present time is very unsatisfactory to the operators, both as regards orders received and prices obtained. While it is true that ators in the region have stated that they are unable to meet present low prices and make any money, and have closed down their works as a consequence. A reduc¬ tion in the wages of the coke-workers has been broached, and in all probability will be made during this month. As is well known, the present scale of wages is based on coke at $1.25 per ton, and the operators say that it is impossible to pay these wages when coke is selling at a considerable re¬ duction on this figure. A few months ago the H. C. Frick Coke Company, which firm controls more ovens than any other in the region, signed a scale of wages for one year oas^ on coke at $1.35 per ton, with the provision that unless a similar -- SECTIONAL SIDE ELEVATION OP UNIVERSAL AND AUTOMATIC MILLING MACHINE. revolutions, while the other regulates the fractional parts of a revolution. This action controls the movement of the shaft F, whose worm moves the spindle carry¬ ing the blanks being cut. The index- plates or ratchet-wheels mounted on the shaft F correspond with the dividing wheel on the universal milling machine and control the arc through which the blocks are moved. The apparatus for reversing the clutch and holaing the blanks present points of decided novelty and great value. We are indebted for the privilege of publishing engravings of this machine, which was de¬ signed solely for private use, and which has not been patented, to the kind courtesy of Mr. Nash and to the National Meter Company, of this city. The Pittsburgh Exhibition Society have issued their prospectus for the first annual exhibition, to be held in that city in Sep- shiproents during the month of March were slightly in excess of those for the previous month of February, still the de¬ mand at the present time is far short of the productive capacity of the region. This statement will be borne out when it is known that fully three-fourths of the ovens in the region are idle on Wednesday and Saturday of each week. Notwith¬ standing this attempt to curtail produc¬ tion, the amount of coke on hand awaiting shipment is constantly increasing, and un¬ less an improved demand springs up in the near future a shut-down of a consider¬ able number of ovens is inevitable. This condition of affairs has not been without its effect on prices. While the published price of coke to furnace operators has been given as $1.25 per ton, sales have been made in Pittsburgh within the last few days for future delivery at $1.10 per ton, and it is hinted that bottom prices have not yet been reached. A few small oper* scale was signed by the other operators by April 1 the scale was to be revoked. This has not been done, and, as we have already stated, the other operators will very likely insist on a lower scale than the one now in force. As yet neither the H. C. Frick Coke Company nor their employees have made any move in the matter of preparing a new scale, and it is thought the balance of the operators are waiting to see what action will be taken by this concern. The United States has issued these new regulations for marine boilers: Any boiler having been in use ten years or more shall at eacm annual inspection thereafter be drilled at points near the water-line and at the bottom of the shell of the boiler, or such other points as the local inspec¬ tors may direct, to determine the thick¬ ness of such material at those points, and the general conditions of such boiler or boilers at the time of such inspection, and Digitized by Google April 4, 18b9 THE IRON AGE. 603 the thichness of such material shall be de¬ termined thereafter at each annual in¬ spection, and the steam pressure allowed shall be governed by such ascertained thickness and general condition of the boiler. Grouped Bates. The Interstate Commerce Commission, in an opinion by Commissioner Schoon- maker, nas decided the case of the Im¬ perial Coal Company and others against the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie and another.. The points are as follows; The rate on transportation of coal to points on Lake Erie has been grouped since April 1, 1887, in reaching a common market among themselves and with competitors from another territory, is not unlawful unless it results in actual undue prejudice to pro¬ ducers nearest the market. The question of undue prejudice is one of fact to be determined upon all the evidence, includ¬ ing the character of the mines, the quality of the coal, the expense of reduction, the extent and nature of the competition, the public interests arising from the use of the commodity, and not merely by the fact of distance. On the facts of this case, which involves only the question of dis¬ crimination between the complainants' mines and the more distant mines in re¬ spect to lake shipments, it does not appear tW the complainants are subjected to very dangerous and requires the closest at¬ tention, and therefore the wages paid them are quite high. Besides this, the least neglect on their part is apt to cause the kinking of the rod, and when this happens the delay in its passage through the mill chills the metal and unfits it h)r use, necessitating the cutting of it into pieces for scrap. Henry Roberts, of Pittsburgh, Pa., has patented, under date of November 6, 1888, a simple and effective method of diminishing the evil alluded to. We un¬ derstand that it has been successfully in¬ troduced at a number of rod mills. It consists in placing over the inclined guide- fioor an elevated horizontal platform or floor. The wire loop travels on the in- PRONT ELEVATION OP UNIVERSAL AND AUTOMATIC MILLING MACHINE. for a considerable district in Western Pennsylvania, of which Pittsburgh is the center. The district has a radius of 40 miles around Pittsburgh. The group rate on coal is 90 cents a ton from all the mines and by all the lines of railroad that carry to the lake. The coal from the Pittsburgh district is in competition at the lake with coal from the Hocking Valley district, in Ohio, where the coal rate is also grouped at 85 cents a ton. The complainants' mines are near the center of the Pittsburgh district, and some mines within the radius are nearer the lake and others are more distant, vary¬ ing from a few miles to* 43 miles. On complaint for unjust ^ discrimination against the complainants and undue pref¬ erence to the more distant mines, it is held that a group rate to put producers of coal of the same general character and of practically like cost of production in a given territory on a footing of equality undue prejudice, or that the more distant mines are riven an unreasonable preference by the uniform rate. The Roberts Wire-Rod Mill Floor. In rolling metal rods in a mill as now commonly practiced it is customary to I employ a series of trains of rolls set in line witn each other and to pass the metal back and forth between these rolls. As the metal is reduced in diameter and in¬ creased in length there is always difiSculty in controlling it and preventing it from kinking, especially so when it is attempted to roll more than one rod at a time in a single mill. For this purpose it has been usual to employ boys, who stand with hooks opposite to the rolls and guide the elongating metal loop, with a view of preventing it from kinking or injuring the workmen. The work of these boys is clined floor below, and this leaves the horizontal floor unobstructed for the ordi- nai 7 operations of the mill, the workmen being enabled to walk thereon in com¬ parative security. It also consists in pro¬ viding the floor of the mill with a projec¬ tion or stop having a curved ena, over which the metal loop passes and around which it is drawn by the action of the rolls. The effect of this projection is to straighten the metal rod ana to remove from it kinks or bends, and to compel the rod to travel in a regular course from one pair of rolls to the next. The 80 th of April is a legal holiday throughout the Union in accordance with the last section of an act approved March 2, 1889, to commemorate the centennial observance of the inauguration of the first President of the United States, George Washington. Digitized by u^oogie 504 THE IRON AGE. April 4, 1889 The Tangle Gas Hammer. | It is claimed that with this hammer! over 2600 of the heaviest blows can be; given with the consumption of four cents’ j worth of gas at $1.25 per 1000 feet, each blow being equal to that which would be ' given by a weight of 335 pounds falling i one foot, and that it can be repeated at the rate of 120 blows per minute. Fig. 1 of the en^avings is a perspective view showing the hammer fitted with a treadle I to be operated by the foot; in Fig. 2 it is I operated by hand; Fig. 3 is a rear view' of | the hammer. ^The charging piston A is shown in its mghest position near the top of the the gases to pass through them, thus equalizing the pressure upon both sides of the piston. After the delivery of the blow the charging piston is forced down by the lever X, and as soon as it has de¬ scended tar enough to uncover the ex¬ haust port R the gases escape through the valves 11 and the exhaust port R, until the pressure is reduced to that of the atmos¬ phere. The same movement allows the Igniter bolt to shut oft communication with the fiame. As soon as the pressure is sufiSciently reduced, the volute springs G raise the piston D and the hammer to the sition shown, this upward movement ing arrested by buffer springs and leather collars at Y. Now, the downward which it is desired to deliver, precisely like the hand lever commonly used in steam hammers for controlling the slide valve; the similar movement produces precisely similar results and the effort re¬ quired to move it is no greater. A boy can work the gas hammer just as easily as a steam hammer. In cases where it is de¬ sired to strike very li^ht blows, a relief valve is provided, which allows part of the pressure to escape; this valve being operated by the lever L in the hand ma- cnine, or in the treadle machine it may be operated at will, by the same motion of the foot which works the hammer. This is accomplished by fixing the plates for the foot at the ends of a cross bar, which is Fig, 1 Fig. 2. Fig. 8. TANGYE GAS HAMMER, McCOY & SANDERS, AGENTS. cylinder, and between this and the main piston D the explosive mixture is drawn in and ignited. In operating the hammer the h^d lever X is moved from the position 0 to position 5; this motion is, by means of the rod L and the lever K, trans¬ ferred to the charging piston A, raising it to its highest position. This chargmg piston in its upward movement expels aU gases above it by means of the exhaust passage R, until, when its highest position IS reached, this part is covered by the piston. The same movement draws in be¬ tween the pistons the mixture of gas and air ready for an explosion, and at the proper time a roller on the rod L lifts the Igniter bolt, uncovering a Bunsen flame and firing the charge. The force of the explosion and the continued expansion of the fl^es drive the piston D downward until the blow is delivered. The force of the explosion does come against the charg¬ ing piston A, because in it there are two valves 11 opening upward, which allow motion of the charging piston beiim con¬ tinued until it is near the piston D, it is again raised to the position shown, and another blow delivered. This describes the operation of obtaining blows of maxi¬ mum force at the rate of 120 per minute. Now, it is evident that the charging piston with its valves 11 is identically the same in its action as the plunger of an or¬ dinary lifting pump, and that if it is brought down by the movement of the lever X quite close to the piston D, and then rais^ to its highest point, the space between the pistons will be fill^ with the explosive mixture; but if it be made to descend only part way and then raised, only as much of the explosive will be drawn in as is equal in volume to the dis¬ placement of this shorter stroke, and the force of the blow is therefore proportion¬ ally reduced. Thus, for producing heavy blows the hand lever X is always raised to position 5, but is depressed to position 4, 1 3 or 2, according to the force of the blow swiveled to the lever in such a way that it may be swung around by the foot, so that in its descent it comes in contact with the relief-valve lever, shown at the side of the machine, Fig. 1. The piston D is forged solid with the piston-roa. The employment of a gaseous explosion for the development of power has, by the increasing use of gas engines, been made familiar to mechanics, but this machine embodies a comparatively new application of the principle. In general appe^ance and in the method of handling this gas hammer is much the same as the steam hammer, and was originally designed to be used in places where steam was not easily available. This hammer is ready for work at any moment, and it will work as economically for a few minutes as when in sustained operation. Compared with power hammers driven by belt from the very best type of gas engines, it is claimed that this hammer is superior in point of economy, for while forging it uses very Digitized by Google April 4, 1889 THE IRON AGE. 505 much less gas than the engine, and none whatever while standing; whereas the gas ennne must be kept running continuou^y, although the power-hammer driven by it is only being worked intermittently. The hammer weighs 2700 pounds and will forge shafts 2 inches in diameter. The extreme dimensions are: Floor space, 3x2 feet; hight over all, feet. It is stated that for the past 12 months one of these hammers has been almost continuously employed in the regular work of the smith, doing the very hardest kind of work, which it h^ done thoroughly well. The sole agents for this hammer in the United States are McCoy & Sanders, of 26 Warren street. New York. The Mew Torpedo-Boat. The work on the new torpedo-boat for the navy is fast nearing completion, and the Herreshoffs expect to have it ready for trial during the coming May. Its hull is all in place, and the turtle-back-shaped deck is finished except the fitting of a few more steel plates. The starboard engine is practi(;aily finished, and as it stands erected in the shops of the company it is a handsome specimen of workmanship. Alongside of it is the port engine in proc¬ ess of erection. This engine is about half finished. Both engines will be erected in the torpedo-vessel before the latter is launched. When this event takes place, only a few days will be required by the Herreshoffs to get the boat ready for the speed test. The shafts have not yet arrived from the Midvale works neither are the two screws on hand. The Herre- shofifs say that they are not to make the torpedo tubes. The probability is that these will be fitted to the vessel after she goes into commission at one of the navy yards. The United States Gk)vemment demands that this vessel shall make 20 knots an hour on the official trial. At the same time that the contract was signed the Her- reshofifs estimated the boat^s speed for the trial run at 23 knots an hour. Knowing, as naval officers do, how careful tnese con¬ tractors are not to give out too great hopes, it is confidently believed that this new torpedo-boat will prove as great a wonder as did the Vesuvius. The design for the vessel originated, in a crude form, with the Navy Department, the contract¬ ors having left to them the development of much of the detail, though all ideas and newly-conceived plans on the part of the latter have had to be submitted to and approved first by the department before they were authorized. The new torpedo-boat is 137 feet in length, has a beam of 14 feet and 6 inches, and a depth of hold of 8 feet. Its draft will be 3 feet and 7 inches. As it will lie in the water it will present only 3 feet of freeboard along its whole hull, save at the forward part, where the whale- back deck will have a rise of some 5 feet from the water’s edj^^e. The length of this whale-back deck, which runs from the stem aft, cannot be over 20 feet. Just at its break is erected the forward conning tower, which will project above the whale-back. It will be a wet place when the torpedo-boat is driving full speed into seaway. The chances are that the long, low craft will go right through the seas Tike a swordfish, without waiting to mount the waves. Under the whale-back will be mounted the torpedo tubes, two in number, their forwara ends projecting through each bow a few feet forward of its ** bluff ” on each side. The tubes will of course be loaded with the torpedoes at the breech, the working being down right at the coi.ning tower. The magazine is under the wh3e-back deck, and will con¬ tain three torpedo stores. The after con¬ ning tower sets up about one-third the length of the vessel from the stem, the communication with the forward one hav¬ ing to be made by running over the top of the turtle-back main deck. Two life-lines will be set fore and aft, leaving just space enough between them to penmt of one passing and holding on. The boilers for the vessel are to be mounted fore and aft. There will be two boilers, and consequently two engine- rooms, each boiler having three furnaces. The engines will be directly opposite eaeh other, and it goes without saying that it will be little else than a squeeze in passing between them. The weight of the machin¬ ery is specified not to exceed 47 tons, and the displacement of the vessel with all her machinery, armament, boilers, water in boilers, and coal in bunkers, crew and stores, must not exceed 99 tons. When it is taken into consideration that the aver¬ age horse-power ascribed to a vessel is two per ton of displacement, and that only three and four are given where great speed is demanded, the horse¬ power of the engines for the tor¬ pedo-boat might readily be placed at 800 or 400; but the Herreshoffs are actually ^ving 1600 horse-power to this frail, ught craft. The boat’s speed must cer¬ tainly be tremendous. The engines of the torpedo-vessels have each five cylinders, measuring respect¬ ively Hi, 16, 22i, 22i, 22i inches in diameter. The shafts are 5i inches in diameter. They are of solid steel, and are the work of the Midvale works of Phila¬ delphia. The coal capacity of the little vessel will be about 25 tons, according to Mr. J. B. Herreshoff. There will be Sttle chance to wedge in an extra ton or so. But, then, as the torpedo-boat will be wanted for coast service it need give little concern to the question of how far she can run without recoaling. The contract price to be paid by the Government for the new torpedo-boat is $82,750, the requirements being that she show on trial a speed of 20 knots an hour. The coming July ought to see her on the active list and in commission. She is to carry a secondary battery of two 6-pounder rapid-fire guns, presumably to be mounted somewhere on her turtle back. The only vessels the little craft can expect a hostile attack from by way of a surprise will be from hostile torpedo-vessels or the enemy’s small boats sent out to board her. Against such attacks Gatling guns would prove of little use except to clear the way of small boats. But against the sides of the at¬ tacking torpedo-vessels their fire would be futile. It IS here that rapid-fire guns will play a prominent part and be the only means oi saving the vessel. The same reason!^ has b^n applied to the arming of the Vesuvius with a secondary battery as was in the case of the torpedo-vessel. The best type of the Puget Sound saw¬ mill is unquestionably the big mill at Port Blakely, built within the last year. It contains two rotaries, two pony rotaries and two Wilkin gan^, all driven by four engines located unaer the sawing floor. The mill is 480 feet long, provided with live rolls. Hill niggers, rope feeds and Cunningham twin engines, hydraulic lifts, tracks for readily getting the lumber away by cars, automatic sprinklers and the best of fire protection. As in most of the mills, the planing machinery is lo¬ cated on the'floor underneath the main sawing floor. As in all the mills, also, the circular saws are swaged so that they are a full half inch in thickness, and take out at every cut just that amount of saw¬ dust. According to computation a frac¬ tion more than one-fifth of all their raw material goes into saw-dust and shavings, and they daily burn in the open fire across the bay, where it is carried with the aid of a blower, fully 15 tons of saw-dust. D Machined Car-Wheels. Notwithstanding the improvements made m the manufacture of chilled wheels, there remains an apparent necessity for finishing them by some method of grind¬ ing. Even those made in the contracting chill are turned out with the tread cov¬ ered with small ridges, which, while not seriously objectionable, must increase the resistance oi the train and the abrasion of the rail. Thc-se objections have not been considered serious enough to warrant the expense of grinding the wheels by ordi¬ nary methods, but makers have considered and are considering now the possibility of introducing machinery that snail turn out wheels free from this defect. For wheels made in the non-contracting chill, the im¬ portance of grinding is much greater. They cannot approach so near to absolute roundness and perfect balance as do the wheels made by the more improved method. Some years ago machinery was introduced for truing the chilled wheel, but the work could not be done as eco¬ nomically or rapidly as was necessary to admit of such vmeels coming into general use; besides, the wheels so trued were fin¬ ished after having been pressed on the axles, and as few consumers buy in this manner, the use of su:h wheels did not be¬ come general. The New York Car Wheel Works, of Buffalo, N. Y., have been engaged for the ast two years in building machinery and tting up a plant for doing the work neces¬ sary to turn out wheels perfect in the above respect. The wheels are first bored, then turned true on the tread and balanced. The machinery for doing this work is of entirely new design, and capable of rapid and economical working. One machine will turn out 40 finished wheels per day. This brings the use of wheels mechanically prfect within the possibilities for every kind of service Of the great desirability of having wheels perfectly round and bal¬ anced there is no question. Cars wiU ride smoother and haul easier; the wear on the track and bridges will be less and the life of the wheels increased. The company are now manufacturing cast wheels in diame¬ ters 36-inch, 40-inch and 42-inch, the 36-inch weighing 750 pounds, the 40-inch, 850 pounds, and the 42-inch, 900 pounds. The use of cast-iron wheels of large diameters has not been looked upon favorably heretofore, doubtless b<^use they could not be made mechanically perfect. If these large diameters can be turned out as accurate in form as steel tires and as cheap as good ordinary chilled steel wheels their use will probably extend. The wheels made by the New York Car Wheel Works are desiraated as “ ma¬ chined” c^ir-wheels, and a ^arantee is given that all wheels sold will be true to ^ inch and balanced to an average of 2^ pounds; no wheel to exceed 5 pounds, out of balance. The same company furnish brake shoes, tniing them on the face, so that perfect contact is secured when the brakes are applied, and the wear of the shoes having l^n commenced in a proper manner, continues in the same way until they are worn out. Provisional returns of the mineral pro¬ duction of France in 1888 fix the output of coal, including anthracite and lignite, at 22,954,940 tons, an increase of 1,664,- 351 tons on 1887. The production of pig iron rose from 1,306,9^ tons to 1,688,- 976 tons; of wrought iron, from 771,610 tons to 833,889 tons, including 598 tons of iron rails in 1887, and 538 tons in 1888. Steel increased from 493,294 tons to 525,- 646 tons. There was a decrease of 27,311 tons in steel rails compared with 1887, j but an increase of 46,568 tons in merchant i steel, and of 13,095 tons in plates. Digitized by Google 500 THE IRON AGE. April 4, 1889 BonUe-Colomn Milling Machine. I ground and polish, and thus gradually — ■ lead up to the delicate operation of ad- There we few machines in which ri^dity justment. A diploma will be granted plays so important a part as in the milling ^ after proficiency has been attained. There marine. The nearer it approaches to' will be lectures, constant supervision and absolute firmness the more accurate will regular systematic instruction. Several be converted as desired. It is stated that the company are at present making hatchets, axes, adzes, hoes, shears, &c. The company contemplate building another factory ^is year, and will also manufacture in Canada to save the patent there. The tests will be com|)lete in several weeks. Diamond Punch and Die Grinder. THE GRANT DOUBLE-COLUMN MILLING MACHINE. be the work done by it. The accompany¬ ing engraving illustrates a machine in which this feature is carefully considered, and in which a degree of stiffness has been obtained far beyond the usual construction. The machine was designed by John J. Grant and is manufactured by the Pratt & Whitney Company, of Hartford, Conn. Cast solid with the base are tw^o columns, on the inner faces of which sliding sur¬ faces are formed, and to both of which the elevating block is fitted and to which it may be clamped when in use. The in¬ herent stiffness of the columns is thus in¬ creased, since they are rigidly clamped together as near the top as the hight of the work will allow. The machine is simple in construction and all its move¬ ments are effected by handles placed within convenient reach. The vertical and horizontal adjustments of the table can be mmutely varied by means of gradu¬ ations to the thousandths of an inch. The machine is geared in the latio of 9 to 1. The largest step of the cone Is lOi inches in diameter, the belt being inches. The front bearing of the headstock spindle is 8 inches in diameter and 5 inches long, the thread on the end being 2^ inches in diameter. The greatest distance between the head and tail stock spindles is 16 inches, and between the top of the table, when lowered, and the center of the spindle, 12^ inches. The travel of the table is 16 inches; width of saddle, 18f inches; horizontal adjustment on slide, 7^ inches. The machine has 12 changes of feed, eight speed changes and automatic screw feed with stop-motion. The weight of the machine is 2000 pounds. prominent gentlemen have e.\pressed them¬ selves as interested in the school. A correspondent reports that the Falls City Malleable Iron and Steel Company, of The machine herewith illustrated is one of the late improvements in grinding ma¬ chinery brought out by the Diamond Ma¬ chine Company, of Provuh nee, li. I., and is designed for grinding and finishing punches and dies, or any hardened cylin¬ drical surfaces ; also for squaring and smoothing up any metal pieces having flat, concave, or convex surfaces to be fin¬ ished, and which can be held in a chuck or on a face plate. The machine hius two spindles at right angles to each other, in the same horizon¬ tal plane; one carries the chuck and the other the cutting-wheel. The chuck spin¬ dle, which is If inches in diameter in the boxes, and will carry a chuck up to 10 inches in diameter, runs in a head bolted rigidly to the column, and has a cone pulley for a 2f-inch belt,giving tw^o changes of speed. The emery-wheel spindle, w'hich is 1^^ inches in the boxes and 1 inch be¬ tween flanges, and will take w’heels up to 12 inches in diameter, runs in a head w'hich h»is a horizontal movement of 8 inches and a lateral movement of 4^ inches, both of which are effected by hand. This spindle is also adjustable about a central pivot. The grinder is provided w ith a patent dust- excluding device, and is substantially built throughout. It weighs, complete The latest industrial venture established in Pittsburgh is a school forw^atch making, which has just been opened in that city under the direction of L. L. Keller. The school contains ten desks, fully equipped with the requirements of the trade. Cabi¬ nets, heaters for drying watches and ad¬ justers for heat, cold, isochronLsm and position are all in readiness. In an inter¬ view regarding his venture, Mr. Keller states that in his opinion Pittsburgh is large enough to support a horological school, and ; should have had one before this. There are but few horological schools in the country, the nearest one to that city being located in Chicago. He will fii*st teach students how to handle tools, then how to , DIAMOND PUNCH AND DIE GRINDER. Louisville, Ky., are making edged-tools by the Harper-Clark process. The [)rocess requires the casting of the tool in even thickness throughout and annealing it to a certain point. It is claimed that the process eliminates the cost of forging en¬ tirely and permits any part of the too to with the countershaft, 850 pounds. The floor space occupied is 25 x 25 inches, and the hight from floor to center of spindle is 41 inches. Further particulars can be ob¬ tained from the home office as above, or from the Chicago office, 51 South Canal street. April 4, 1889 THE IRON AGE. 607 Lathe and Planer Tools. Tool-Grindingr Machine and Tools Used at the Works of William Sellers & Co. All the lathe and planer tools used at the works of William Sellers & Co., of Philiulpinhifl. ata nriAdp AArnrdincr tn An at. he may need ^n unusual form. The tools made and kept in stock are of such diversi¬ fied shapes as to apply to all regular jobs; but when a new form is imperatively needed the foreman is notified, a drawing is made showing its shape, and then it is forged and ground. The grinding machine is intended for shaping and dressing hardened tools to the most complicated rmapes, by means of a rmniiincr DirVi4»Al nf rkAAiiliAT fnrm nf fAAA iron cover. A rotary pump forces water to the tool being ground through a system of pipe, the nozzle of discharge being made to hold the same relation to the tool in motion as at rest. Slide-rests, adjustable in angle by means of graduated arcs and verniers, have vertical, horizontal and rotary motion, moving the tool in all di¬ rections in front of grin ding-wheel so as to grind its several faces at one RAf.Hncr fn ativ AnorlA cuf olAArAfiCA or ton tools of the same kind are alike in every essential characteristic. Tools in the rough are taken from the blacksmith shop to the patent tool-grinding machine built by the company, where each is ground in accordance with certain rules controlling its desired form. The finished tool then passes to the tool room, from which it is de¬ livered to the men. This method insures uniformity of the tools themselves and tends most materially to enhance the quality of the work they do—when the lat¬ ter is considered as a whole—and it also results in the saving of much time, as it is a^inst the rule for a machinist to grind his own tools, no matter for what purpose shaped. All ordinary tools used in lathes, planers and all other machine tools, the cutting edges of which are bounded by planes, or planes and convexed-curved surfaces, are ground to shape from the rough forging with ease and dispatch, ir¬ respective of the position the cutting edges stand in relation to the body of the tool. The CTinding-wheel is of coarse structure, but from the direction of its cut it grinds both quickly and fine. It is mounted on a frame, part of which serves as a tank to hold the water used in flooding the tool to keep it cool. This tool can be reversed face about on its spindle to equalize the wear, while it is inclosed in a massive cast- tool to the required form. Directions are iven for grinding circular tools having iameters of to 2^ inches by sixteenths. Witherbees, Sherman & Co., of Port Henry, N. Y., miners and shippers of Lake Champlain ores, announce that they have discontinued their Western sales agency, formerly conducted by M. A. Hanna & Co., of Cleveland, and ask that inqiiiries and orders be addressed to the mmn ofiice at Port Henry, or the branch oflice at 46 Wall street. Their represent¬ ative, Q. B. Wilkinson, will visit West¬ ern consumers at an early date. 608 THE IRON AGE. April 4, 1889 CURVED-FACE TOOLS Lathe, Planer, The sizes (a) of all of the above tools are as follows ; i, f, 1, IJ, IJ, 2 inches. PLANER TOOLS. Lett Hand Right Hand Angle Of I Clearance f a = 7® b = 7® c = 6® Top d = ] a = 7® b = 7® c = «® Top d = ] Lett Hand Right Hand Angle of I a = 6® b = 4® a = 6® b = 4® Clearance f c = 4® Top d =0® c = 4® Top d = 0® Cutting Down Lett Hand a = 6® c = 4® Top d = 0® Bent Side Finishing a = «® b = 4® c = 4® Top d = 0® 45^ Angle Cutting Down Right Hand a = 6® c = 4® Top d = 0® Bent Side Finishing a = 7® b = 7® c = «• Top d = ] Right Hand a = 6® b = 4® c = 4® Top d = 0 Right Hand Angle oft a = 4® c = 2® Clearance f Top d = 7® a=^4® c = 2® Top d = 7® a = 6® b =4® c = 4® Top d = 0® a = 6® b = 4® c = 4® Top d = 0® Digitized by i^oogie April 4, 1889 THE IRON AGE. 509 PLANER TOOLS. Chamfering 45 Angle Slot Right and Lett 30° Angle Slot 30 Angle Slot • = »• »>=»" Topd = 0- a = 4® b = 4® e = 4® f = 4® c =4® Top d = 0® a = 4® b = 4® c = 4® . op d = 0® a = 4® b = 4® c = 4® Top d = 0® Hexagon C tor Wrenches <J Angle of I Clearance f b = 4® Top d = 4® End c = 7® a = 4® b = 4® c = 0® Top d = 4® e = 4® a = 1® b = 1® 0 = 0® Top d = 4® a = 4® b = 4® c = 4®® Top d = 4® Top e = 0 LATHE TOOLS. Bent Finishing Bent Finishing Wrought Iron Cast Iron Wrought b\/^ r Angle of (. Gearanoe S 1 = 4® b = 4® o =10® Top d = 20® a = 4® b = 4® c = 7® Top d = 12® a = 4® b = 4® c = 10® Top d = 20® a = 4®l>b = 4® c = 7® Top d =;12® Bent Nicking a a l c b Angle of I a = 2® b — 2® CnSSanSf c = 10® Topd = ( a = 2® b = 2® c = 10® Top d = 0® Bent Nicking a = 2® b = 2® 0 = 10® Top d = 0® a = 14® b = 6® c = lO® Top d = 0® Angle of i Clearance 1 a = 9® c = 2® Top d = 12® a =9® c = 2® Top d = 12® a = 14® b = 6® c = 10® Top d = 0® a = 14® b = 6® c = 10® Top d = 0® Right Hand Angle of I Gearance f a = 15® c = 2® Top d = 12® 1 = 15® c = 2® Top d = 12® a = 15® 0 = 2® Topd = 12® a = 15® c = 2® Top d = 12® Clearance 1 c = 15® Topd - i® 60" V Thread a = 5® b = 11® c|= I.')® Top d = 1® Right Hand 60" V Thread Bent \a a = 11® b = 5® c = 15® Top d = 1® Lett Hand 60" V Thread Bent a = 6® b = 11® c = 15® Top d = 1® Square Thread Angle of 1 a = 8® b = 0® Clearance f c = 6® Top d =,0® Square Thread a = 0® b = 8® c = 5® Top d = 0® a = 8® b = 0° c = 5® Top d = 0® a = 0® b 8® c = 5® Top d = 0® Digitized by Google 610 THE IRON AGE. April 4, 1889 Andrew Carnegie to His Workmen. On the 80th ult. Andrew Carnegie, of Pittsburgh, spoke at length to the work¬ men at the Eagar Thomson Steel Works, the occasion being the presentation of the Carnegie Free Library, at Braddock. We quote from his remarks those passages which are of more than local or personal interest: When articles were manufactured in 1 small shops by employers who required only the assistance of a few men and ap¬ prentices, the employer had opportunities to know all, to become well acquainted with each and to know his merits. On tile other hand, the workman, brought into closer contact with the employer, inevitably knew more of his business. More important than all, they came to luiow something of the man himself This is changed. To make without loss a ton of steel rails and load them upon the car for a small fraction more than 1 cent per poimd—4 pounds for a nickel—we must nave thousands of miners, whom it is im- racticable for a partner to see. and undreds of blast furnace men, and in the converting works and steel-rail mills, only a few of whom it is possible for the em¬ ployer to know. Thus the employees become more like human machines to the employer, and the employer becomes almost a myth to his men. This is most regretable; yet I see no remedy. Economic laws force the manufacture of all articles of general con¬ sumption into the hands of a few enormous concerns, that their cost to the consumer may be less. The manufacture of such articles cannot be conducted upon a small scale; works costing millions are required, as the amount per ton or per yard of ‘‘fixed charges” 18 so great in the total cost that, whether a concern can run or not in many cases depends upon whether it divides these fixed charges—which are practically the same in a large establish¬ ment as in a small—whether we can divide them by 1000 tons per day or by 600 tons per day of product. A feeling of mutuality and partnership tetween the employer and the employed is desirable. Believe me, the interests of capital and labor are one. Mr. Carnegie now proceeded to show the fairness and ad¬ vantages of THE SLIDING SCALE 8T8TEM OF WAGES, such as prevails at Braddock. He went on to say: You are no longer only em¬ ployees ; you are also sharers with us in the profits of our business, and, sooner than return to the old plan by which capital and labor were antagonized, and we had to quarrel every year upon the subject of wages, speaking for myself, I would retire from business altogether. As far as I am concerned, I will never again have any¬ thing to do with manufacturing unless labor is given a sliding scale. The coke-workers were exactly right in their recent demand for a sliding scale. You know that the Frick Coke Company, in which our firm is interested, have always favored comply¬ ing with the request of the men for a slii ing scale, and spent beyond $100,000 last year to maintain a higher scale than competi tors. Unfortunately the fall in the prices of coke has rendered further effort useless. The iron and steel business being dull and profitless, that of coke sympathi^. but I rejoice that the sliding scale is to be main¬ tained, although we are driven by compe¬ tition to pay the uniform scale of the ais- trict. If you have read the newspapers, you will know that out of 13 mills engaged in the manufacture of steel rails in this coun¬ try^ not more than three are running to their capacity. Only one mill in all the West is making rails (North Chicago), and I am sorry to say that even that one will not be able to run continuously, for they have no orders ahead. What has the sliding scale enabled us to do at Edgar Thomson? It made us feel that we are prepared to make any sacrifice to give steady employment. The price—4 pounds of steel for a nickel—leaves profits to the average mill in this country out of the question. But you have"“a ste^y employment. I rejoice to see that, owing to the increased capacity of the mills, your aggregate wages are even higher than before. You have to work harder, no doubt, but in these times the owners have to work harder also. PITTSBURGH VERSUS CHICAGO. In this connection you have read a great deal recently of a vast combination in steel¬ making formed in Chicago. I have no de¬ sire to underrate the importance of that movement, nor ©f $5,000,000 to be applied to the building of works for plate-making, structural shapes and all the various forms of steel. I have expected such action for some time. There is nothing surprising to me about it. I have told this community, and I have labored for years to impress it upon the railroad companies of the State, that the latter had made it possible, by heavj reductions of rates upon material destined for points beyond the limits of the State, to manufacture a ton of Besse¬ mer steel pig iron just as cheap in Chi¬ cago as it can be manutacturea in Pitts¬ burgh. There is no question about this. It is a matter of figures which I have given, which no man has ventured to contradict, and which has been publicly corroborated by Mr. Stewart, general freight agent of the Pennsylvania Company. I am credited with having said that the South was to be Pennsylvania’s great rival; but what I said was that it was to be the chief com¬ petitor for foundry iron in the Eastern dis¬ trict of Pennsylvania. The South will not trouble Pittsburgh. Our competitor is not in the South—it is in Chica^. In the year 1887 Chicago district made more tons of steel than the whole of Western Pennsylvania, and I warn capital and labor in Pittsburgh that a severe struggle is in the future for both. THE RAILWAYS ARE CHIEFLY RESPON¬ SIBLE for this situation. Every carload of coke you see coming from Connellsville in our own cars for Pittsburgh furnaces is charged just double the freight rate as if destined over the same ground for Chicago furnaces. There is no question of longer or shorter haul, for the coke is loaded and unloaded by us and carried in our own cars. The cost of hauling Pittsburgh or Chicago coke is just the same to the great monopoly which stakes gainst the State, whose creature it is. The Pennsylvania Railroad Company have already piled up $19,000,000 of surplus, and last year had $4,000,000 surplus after paying their divi¬ dend—all exacted unjustly from the State. The ore to Chicago furnaces is carried by Western railroads from the Lake Superior mines to Chicago at rates only a little above one-half those per ton per mile exacted from Pittsburgh furnaces by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company carry ore from the lake to Ohio furnaces for 50 per cent, less than the Pennsylvania Railro^ exact for less distance upon ores to Pittsburgh. These two oases of dis¬ crimination alone add $1 to the cost of every ton of iron made in Allegheny County, and many men go idle in your midst to-day in consequence of this in¬ justice. We are in the hands of a grasp¬ ing monopoly, and nothing we can do seems to bring us simple justice. The Pennsylvania Railroad Company, although its creature, has become the enemy of the State of Pennsylvania. All this, of course, must change. An indignant community will some day rise and exact justice through means of a State law, which will see that the traffic of the State of Penn¬ sylvania is not charged more than similar traffic carried by Pennsylvania railroads through its territory. Do not receive the impression, although we have great obstacles to overcome, that we are going to give up the fight. Never I We propose to fight it out on this lino here, and I, for one, have no fear but what Pittsburfjh will eventually be placed in a position in which it can hold its own, and increase and prosper. You are with us, we are with you—united thus we will stand and conquer. NOT IN A TRUST, AND WHY. It is reported that our firm intended to join a combination of rail manufacturers. This would mean that we had agreed to give our men work for a portion of the year only, because no combination can act except by restricting production. Well, fellow-workmen, to be frank with you, there is temptation in our path. The firm could probably make more money just now, in depressed times, by manu¬ facturing less, but where would labor be with work perhaps only half the year? In two of the three r^ mills at Chicago men will not get work for even a quarter of a year, if indeed these mills run at all. If we had not made a partnership with our workmen we might have considered the proposition. Having them with us in the struggle, we reject it—and will continue to run our works to their capacity as long as orders for rails can be obtained at prices which do not involve a dangerous sacri¬ fice of capital. Edgar Thomson Works are all right, and witn fair railway rates, which Pennsylvania railroads will soon be forced to give, I repeat to you what I said on a memorable occasion, when we had a little unpleasantness, which is happily for¬ gotten and forgiven on both sides: “It will be a cold day when Edgar Thomson gets left I ” THE SITUATION AT HOMESTEAD. Turning our eyes across the river, just the other day I received a letter from Homestead, dated March 14, from which I wish to make this extract: Mr. Carnegie—’D'AAJSk Sir: A tradition pre¬ vails that once upon a time you promised to do something for Homestead soon. When or where or to whom this promise was made no one can exactly tell. It is enveloped in the mists of antiquity, and command respect accordingly. “ Do something for Homestead? ” Well, we have expected for a long time, but, so far, in vain, that Homestead should do something for us. But I do wish to do something for Homestead. I should like to see a co-operative society formed there. I should like to see a library there. I hope one day that I may have the privi¬ lege of erecting at Homestead such a build¬ ing as you have here, but this letter com- g ns me now to say that our works at omestead are not to us as our works at Edgar Thomson. Our men there are not partners. They are not interested with us. On the contrary, an amalgamated as¬ sociation has for years compelled us to pay one-third more in the principal de¬ partment of our works, the plate mill business, than our great competitors pay in Pittsburgh, They have compelled us to pay, and are driving away our trade in consequence, three times as much per ton for labor as our leading competitors out¬ side of this district. More than one man at Homestead makes more not only than the foreman who is over him, but more even than the manager of all the works, and the great mass suffer in consequence. Even to-day I learn that our firm is noti¬ fied that after July next they will demand a further advance, ranging from 15 to 25 per cent. These men evidently require a library and need to read the newspapers. Steel business never so bad—competitors all reducing wages, and our men take this time to demand an advance! It is folly like Digitized by i^oogie April 4, 1889 THE IRON AGE. 611 this that defeats the efforts of fair em¬ ployers to benefit labor. Of course, no advance can be given, but the firm may be induced to give Homestead the benefit of a sliding scale, under which it can run steadily, and our men there make such w^es as you make. Fellow-workmen, personally I have ar¬ rived at this position : I have no desire to accumulate more money. The desire of my wife and myself is to know 'how best to administer what we have, and we both recognize to the fullest extent that in this great