The Iron Age 1889-07-18: Vol 44

a a, The Erie Key-Seating Machine. In this machine the arbors are made of steel. The small one is 2,% inches in diameter, and is supplied with eccentric taper bushings to accommodate it to all bores up to 4,7, inches. The arbor is hol- low and has within it a guide-bar, which is also steel and is movable up and down by means of a screw at each end. It is planed out through its entire length the necessary size and shape to carry within it a tool-bar. This steel tool-bar carries two tools of the width desired for the key- seat. It is connected tothe driving: car- riage by means of a removable pin, and is driven back and forth through the guide bar, cutting in both directions, and fed THE ERIE KEY-SEATING down the desired depth and taper by the screws at the ends. The second arbor is 4,', inches in diam- eter and is constructed the same as the | first, but in place of using the taper bush- ings t> bring it in position in the bore, the arbor-head or flange is made a three- jaw chuck, and indexed to suit different bores, so the jaws can be adjusted as de- sired. For the other end of the huba movable chuck is supplied. Both the ar- bors are supplied with a clamping device. | On each side of the arbor are cut ratchet | teeth, and a collar, with loose ratchet pieces, is slipped on the arbor—the pieces dropping into the teeth. By pushing the collar against the hub and turning a nut the work is held firmly in position. It | will be seen by the foregoing description | that the bore is the guide by which the | machine is set; therefore no facing of the | hub is required. The driving apparatus consists of two | parallel screws of 24 inches in diameter, | IRON TuHurspAy, JULY 18, 1889. in opposite directions. Between them is an open-sided nut, which slides from one to the other within a carriage. The nut engages in one screw and travels the de- sired distance, when it comes in contact with a cam, which throws it out of gear, | and by a spring it is pushed in gear with the other screw. The nut has on its top two ribs, one of which, by passing behind a guide, holds it in gear. The other serves | to receive the pressure of the spring. By shifting the cams and springs any desired leneth of stroke can be made. The travel- ing of the nut carries with it a carriage, to which the cutting-bar is attached. The screws are driven by cut gears running smoothly and giving a very strong motion to the cutter-bar. MACHINE, MADE BY F. = | The range of the standard machine is in all bores, from 2,7, inches in diameter up | to 12 inches; all widths of seats up to 2 inches; length of cut, 24 inches. If the | work is heavy and too large to be placed }on the machine it can be used as a | portable machine. The cutting is done by both forward and backward stroke, and as | the cutters are hung on pins they will drag back through the cut without having to be backed away from the work. As the tool-bar is supported its entire length there can be no perceptible spring. This machine is made by F. C. Burton & Co., of Erie, Pa. ciao A dispatch from New Straitsville, Ohio, states that the Columbus and Hocking Coal and Iron Company’s Bessie Furnace | closed down on the 10th inst. for much- needed repairs. It will be closed for at least three months. Every furnace in the Hocking Valley is now closed, this 14-inch pitch, three threads. They are set 6 inches from center to center and run being the last. It was kept running on account of the fine grade of iron it was making. Opening San Domingo to American Commerce. H. C. C. Astwood, who has held the position of United States Consul in San Domingo for the last eight years, in a recent interview gives much interesting infor- mation respecting American enterprise in that republic and encourages the expec- tation of important commercial develop- ments when certain railways now being constructed are finished. After speaking of the extraordinary natural resources of the country and its sparse population, num- bering not over 400,000, Mr. Astwood remarks that there is a great tendency to | Americanize the country. The President ‘is very solicitous to have Americans come Pal J Co > fae: a) SM, BURTON & CO. | to San Domingo, and offers every induce- ment and facility in the way of granting valuable franchises. Under privileges thus conferred large plantations have been established and lines of steamers are en- gaged in transporting the products to market. The republic is rapidly being spanned by railroads constructed by Amer- icans. Nathaniel McKay, a New Yorker, is building an iron bridge across the Ozama River, connecting San Domingo City with the historic town of Pagarito. Mr. McKay has the absolute usufruct of the river for 30 years, which will be a very large income upon the capital invested. H. L. Bean, the vice-president of the railroad company known as the San Domingo Cential, has been granted a concession in land, &c., to construct a road from Barahona on the south to Manzanilla on the north. This road passes through the valuable wooded forest of Neiba and the immense salt mountains about 25 miles from Barahona. These salt mines are inexhaustible, and produce salt in blocks, as beautifully trans- parent as ice. Ogden P. Pell, another ake SS rk rer ty a ee ee ee OT et a Ms Oe pte AEE A ALO ORE OT LL a i ee eee ee a0) 482, | 6 ERE ALS! ER A A ee Ba Cn Rin Tn a a EP hed de lila, (an Bee aH | me + dees BIGASS Oe PRET PEF ——— ne ee 78 New Yorker, has been granted a concession to construct a railroad from San Domingo City to Azua, The branch of the road from San Domingo City to San Cristo is now being constructed. This district now produces a large quantity of sugar, coffee, cocoa and so on. It is rich in minerals, such as gold, copper and iron. The iron ore is said to be of a better and richer quality and larger quantity than that of Santiago de Cuba. Sa Rotary Cireling and Slitting Shear. The accompanying engraving represents the Niagara Stamping and Tool Company’s new power circling and slitting shear com- bined, as designed and built by them to the order of the U. Baird Machine Com- pany, of Pittsburgh, Pa. The depth of the throat is 25 inches, enabling it to slit a 50-inch sheet of No. 10 iron or lighter with ease and accuracy. The cutters are 6 inches in diameter and are made of the best quality steel. The circling-arm has POWER BACK-GEARED a sensitive feature enabling it to be set to an index-plate on the frame with ease and accuracy by the aid of a rack and pinion, actuated by crank shown near slitting- table. and tight pulleys 16 inches diameter, 24- inch face, and a belt-shifter fixed on frame as shown in the cut. The shear complete weighs 3500 pounds, and is fitted and fin- ished in a workmanlike manner that re- flects credit on its designer and builder. om EF — Trade with South America. Arguing in favor of the cultivation of closer commercial relations with the con- tinent south of us, the Philadelphia Press Says: This question must be approached in an American spirit, and not in a_ partisan spirit. Free trade and protection cuts no figure in the problem. We have the goods these republics want. They are as cheap, quality for quality, as European goods, These South American countries produce the commodities we want. Facilitate ex- change and the problem is solved. [If regular communication and adequate bank- | the United States, This shear is provided with loose | THE IRON AGE. ing facilities will not do this we donot! [The United States of Colombia. know what will do it. In these South American republics there are compara- tively few railroads and limited telegraph lines. The supply for these and for every- thing fabricated from iron and steel must in a great measure be sent to them by foreign countries. In the same way textile fabrics must be suppled for years to come. The United States is in a situation to do this, pro- | viding sufficient encouragement is given |steamship companies to start communica- | tion. The need of anew market for our surplus industrial products will soon be great, Frequent and rapid communica- tion by steam between the United States and the South American republics is the first step toward making a market for our | manufactures in South America. Then American banks in all the principal South American cities would .-make our ex- changes direct, instead of through London and Liverpool. During the 20 years from 1865 to 1884 the trade between ten South American republics, Central America and has been $1,627,877,- 554, including $442,048,975 exports from the United States, and $1,185,828,579 imports into the United States from thence, being a balance of trade in favor of these republics of $765,922,219, which has been paid by the United States in gold through London and Liverpool, mostly through the medium of English manufactures. These aggregates do not include the trade with Bolivia, Ecuador and Paraguay. In 20 years Brazil has imported from the United States $145,994,246 and has exported to the United States $724,014,250, being a | balance in favor of Brazil of $579,020, 004, which has been paid in gold through Lon- don and Liverpool, in which case English goods settled the balance. Why not American goods? In view of all this is it not about time we had a practical, sen- sible American policy which will build up this trade ? I The British Columbia Board of Trade, at its annual meeting, adopted a report in favor of reciprocity with the United States. Reference is made to the vast iron deposits in the province which would be utilized to the advantage of both countries were reciprocity adopted. The Canadian flour millers also ask for reciprocity. ithe fact /constantly worked, the product sent to July 18, 1889 Viewed from the New Orleans stand- point, the Republic of Colombia, of all the neighboring countries with whom it is desirable to cultivate trade relations, is the most promising field, and it is proba- ble that at the coming Congress of Amert- ean Nations at Washington, next October, special efforts will be made to extend com- mercial intercourse in that direction. In varied and valuable natural products, the New Orleans Times-Democrat says, that country is most bountifully endowed. Its mineral deposits are among the richest in the world. Gold, silver, platinum, copper, zinc and precious stones are found in abun- dance. The mines of Antioquia, Cauca, Tolima and other departments have few equals, Despite the lack of improved im- plements for extraction and reduction, and that these mines have not been ROTARY CIRCLING AND SLITTING | throughout the country. market has been enormous. When the system of internal transportation now be- SHEAR. ing inaugurated is completed and im- proved machinery can be carried to the mines, Colombia will become one of the principal sources of gold and silver supply for the world. All the fruits indigenous to the tropical and temperate zones grow in profusion. Coffee, cocoa, sugar-cane, corn, rice, wheat and other food products bountifully repay even the semblance of cultivation. There are immense virgin forests of the most valu- able cabinet and building woods. Textile and medicinal plants are found in plenty The prairies are carpeted with perennial and succulent grasses, subsisting immense herds of cattle, which constitute a large item of export. The great natural advantages of Colombia are not the only considerations that attract attention. Its form and system of govern- ment are similar to our own. Its laws are ably and honestly administered. Its peo- ple have a friendly sentiment for us and desire closer relations. The country is in a condition of profound and permanent peace. Under the leadership of President Rafael Nunez, a statesman of broad, en- lightened and patriotic views, a general system of progressive development has been inaugurated. € July 18, 1889 Continuous Molding Machinery. At a meeting of the British Iron and Steel Institute, Mr. James Johnston read a paper bearing the above title, which is of such interest to American foundry men that we give it a place inourcolumns. It is as follows: The continuous molding machinery which forms the subject of this paper is now being employed at M. Godin’s foundry at Guise, in France, where it is employed SSSSSSSSSSSE SSS TU THE IRON AGE. {as to allow them to lower when the press- ure is put on and to rise when the pressure \is taken off. At each extremity of the | springs there are holes through which the bolts pass, and they are fastened upon the surface of the turning-platform. Over these tables are placed the formative parts or patterns, on which the boxes are placed to form the mold in. Bores and Loose Cross-Bars. — These boxes, 1 to 8 (see Fig. 2), are cast frames of a uniform thickness with strong ribs on | iy os Fa ‘df y y el dd 79 the internal wall of the box. These cross- bars are placed on the sand as soon as the mold is filled, and are forced into the sand at the same time that the mold is formed under the action of the hydraulic press M. A system of hooks, which will be explained further on, enables these bars to be removed when the boxes are ready for cleaning out the castings, and they are again employed for fresh molds. Runners or Gits for Molds.—In order to leave the openings necessary for the pass_ le) (TsTeloTelel Continuous Molding Machinery.—Fig. 1.—Plan of Molding-Tables. in the production of cast-iron ranges for cooking and other domestic purposes. The foundry has established a good repu- tation in France, owing both to the in- genious inventions introduced by M. | their external circumference and carrying |on each side and on the middle of their | breadth a trunnion, which enables them, | when suspended on the arms of the levers of the cranes to turn upon themselves. Godin, and also by the high character of | The ribs cast with the frame give to the the work which is produced. In a trade | boxes the power of resisting the pressure of this kind there is a large amount of| which they have to support from the hy- repetition in the several patterns to be re- produced, and the machinery I am about to describe was invented by M. Godin, to| posed of two parts. Fig. 2.—View of Molding-Bovwes. enable these repeat-castings to be made, not only in a more economical manner, but in as high a class of work as possible. The result has been just such as the in- ventor of the machinery and other appli- ances anticipated, for 43 men, by the aid of the apparatus, can produce the same quantity of castings that 300 men formerly produced of a similar kind by hand. Molding- Tables.—The arrangement con- sists of, first, a set of molding boxes 1 2 345 6 7 8 (Fig. 1), which receive the | patterns or models, with their upper parts planed and ribs below, perfectly even on their surfaces; they are fixed upon supports and bolted to a revolving platform, N, guided above and below in the chairs with strong strings passing across the beams supporting the tables, so | draulic press M, while allowing them to be as light as possible. Each box is com- The first, or under part, has ears with holes, the second, or upper part, having ears with pins and be- ing intended to be placed on the lower|tises made for this purpose. part. Their special mode of construc- | they may be, will fit into each other. To | keep the sand in the boxes, to prevent the pressed molds from breaking during their | TAN a | | several handlings, and to facilitate the | cleaning of the boxes, movable cross-bars, | D?, are used. There are six of these bars 'in each half of the box, placed at equal distances cross-wise. Their length is slightly less than the width of the box, and their form is that of a ', with flanges tion secures that all the parts, whatever at each end to make them press against | age of the metal in casting the pieces to be produced, git patterns are laid verti- cally on the models. These movable gits, descrived in Fig. 2 and in G + G +, and in detail in Fig. 6, are made in three parts—(1) the movable brass plate A’, (2) a series of springs, B', (3) a box form- ing acap, C!. The movable plate A' car- ries one or more bolts, according to its length, and slides with a gentle friction | into the box C'. The bolts serve to fix io git on the models or shaping pieces by connecting themselves with little mor- The total hight of the git is greater than the thick- ness of the molds. Under the action of the press the springs contract, and the box C' sliding on the plate A' makes the git To remove piece the hight of the mold. — VAL Fig. 3.—Front Elevation of Molding-Tables. |the git, the attendant has only to give to the top of the box some slight blows, which shake the sand and thus al- low the spring to expand; the git lengthens and pushes up the box, which can now be easily removed by hand, and there is no sand tocut away, the cap of the box leaving a funnel-shaped opening er rr + Ae F Po ee ITE A PO Easy ry tz Ty r ~ ‘ —¢ ee ne ny ee eee ee eee Sl 2 ae) ) ee abe use 226m Bi ee ee ees : OMA i 2 BE BME 4 a Ethos 8 sah + Om . ia a ee ee ee RUE tiie — Pe oda ew wwreceeree 80 THE IRON AGE. July 18, 1889 destined for the introduction of the metal | springs carrying the eight parts of the pat- | pletes the filling of the box up to the hight to cast the pieces to be produced. as the mold is pressed, and is outside of the press M, the work of cutting out and form a is placed on |parts, which | Each part complete mold. a table. The As soon | tern, and each pattern is composed of two|of this frame, when the workmen, by |means of a straight-edge, equalize the sand, and then take away the wood frame. removing the git pattern by means of |first—viz., the under part—reproducing | At the point 4 the loose cross-bars are in- special pincers is done, and the openings are made good for running in the metal. Distribution of Sand in the Molds,—Be- | united to precede the second part, and, | mold made. ) one face of the model to be molded, jought always up to the time they are |serted and pressed lightly into the sand, | At the point 5 the box is pressed and the At 5 the turning-platform fore the work of molding begins, there is | consequently, to be one table in advance | N has completed five-eighths of a revolu- prepared on the upper stage A, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4,5, 7, intended for the reception and handling of the sand, two heaps of sand, Band C,to form areserve. The special sand, perfectly worked up in the mixer H*, is applied to form the first layer on the pattern, and gives to the pieces produced a fine finish. This sand, coming directly from the vertical mixer H’®, is laid in fixed quantities upon the sieve F', formed of wire gauze With fine meshes, and by a very energetic jogging movement is thrown \ part ob Se upon the models or pattern. The ordinary | sand coming from the mixer is conveyed to the upper stage with buckets or belt, and thrown on to the endless band D, which conducts it to the box D', opening at the bottom and placed above the grating E. The capacity of this box is exactly what is necessary for filling up one box, plus the hight of sand found to be advantageous for compressing themold. A rake or grid, rectilineally moved to and fro, throws it upon the special sand in the box forming the first layer. The first sieve F', which is moved very quickly, distributes the special sand. | The second sieve or grating E, over which | the rake passes, moves at a slower speed in distributing the ordinary sand. These two sieves, driven by the same shaft, al- ways work together, and constantly dis- tribute the sand at the same time to the two parts of the boxes placed on their re- | spective patterns or molds, The Operation of Molding.—The mold- | ing is done upon a turning platform N, | on which there are fixed at equal distances | from each other eight boxes mounted on | Fig. 4.—Longitudinal Section. of the las‘. The second, or upper part, reproduces the other face of the model. On this part are placed the mova- ble git patterns, intended after the models have passed the hydraulic press to be re- moved from the mold by the workman retained for this service, in order to leave in the pressed sand the openings necessary for the introduction of the metal for fill- ing the mold. These two parts, when pressed, are placed one on the other, the part carrying the movable gits being above, Fig. 5.—Transverse Section. and they form the complete mold. This operation of connecting them is called the remmoulage. In this way a succession of molds is supplied as fast as they can be cast, for the molding commences invari- ably at the point 1 on the first turning- table N. At this point 1 the movable git patterns are placed on the pattern Fig. 6.—Detail of Movable Gits. in the box; at the point 2 the dis- tributive sieve throws upon the box the fine special sand intended to form the first layer for covering the patterns. At the point 3 there is placed on the box a wooden frame, used to determine the hight of the sand required for the compression of the model. Another distributive sieve com- | tion. As soon as the box filled with sand |has reached the point 5 the hydraulic | press M descends and carries down the | compressing-plate, which presses the sand |}down to the edge ot the molding-box; |then the press, acting in the contrary direction, makes the plate rise, and at the same time communicates a turning /movement to the platform N aad the platform O (which during the operation of | pressing had been stopped). The stop- | page of the turning platforms N and O and their resumption of movement are effected by eight movable rollers placed on the outer circumference of the circle of the turning-platform N. These rollers press at each eighth of a revolution upon a lever with a sloping surface, W', which falls upon the gearing-apparatus that gives a turning motion to the platforms N and O. When the compressing-plate of the press M has ascended to the top of its course the box pressed has reached the point 6, and the following box is under the press. At the point 6 the workman charged with the work of taking out the gits commences his task, which consists of taking out the git patterns, cleaning them and pressing the sand so as to make good the opening left by the git pattern. This operation is executed during the stoppage and the advance of the turn- ing-platform, and is entirely ended be- fore the mold arrives at the point 7, the mold which precedes it, which contains the lower part, having already arrived at 8. At this point 8 the mold is taken from above the pattern by ithe autotmatic system of detachment July 18, 1889 governed by the hydraulic ceane R, which transfers it to the point 9. Here the work- man makes the model turn half over while | he pushes it on the side of the turning | platform O, and the crane lays it down on! el Zz ae the table 9, mounted on the adjusting- platform O. This turning-platform O moves in the direction indicated by the arrow, and carries eight tables, 9 to 16, fixed at equal distances one from the other. These tables molding-boxes coming from the turning are intended to receive the) platform, which are taken off, each in its| turn, by the hydraulic crane R. The dis- tance to be traversed between the point 9, Fig. 10.—Section of Spraying Apparatus. the models are down, and the point 16, are taken away, is calculated so that the workmen have the time necessary for finishing off the molds. The turning platforms N and O are driven by the same movement, and consequently always work together. The proportions of the wheels P, which drive the two platforms, are so regulated that when the turning-platform N makes one-eighth revolution platform O makes one-eighth turn also, whence it arises that the tables are at each time of where invariably set | | where they | _THE IRON AGE. 81 stoppage found at the same which also carries two'levers, D* and E‘. places. These four levers, B* C* D* E*, are jointed Ungudgeoning the Frames.—To take a/ to the levers F* G4 H‘ I*, so that when the frame off the mold it must be raised hori- | lever G* is raised by the lever D* the four zontally and parallel to the plane of the! arms F* G+ H‘ I* rise also and, following respective \\ —_|| ia . tt ye iim Fig. 7.—Enlarged View of Elevator. direction J‘ K* L* M* the instant when the platform N_ stops, | the transverse ribs of the box ard raise it the attendant who is at the dismounting | as much as is necessary. A little before (Figs: 8 and 9), to them by their seize simultaneously models or forming pieces until the mold | the given is completely detached from them. At | guides, crane acts on the lever A‘ | the ear C* leaves the,lever| D® the aims R* Figs. 8 and 9.—Sections Showing Apparatus for Removing Frames. and seizes hold of the frame by its trun-|of the crane, which end in eyelet-holes, nions, B*. By this movement the ear C* is| seize the trunnions B* of the frame, and brought close underneath the lever D*, | by the time this frame has been seized by which is fixed on the body of the crane | its trunnions the ear C* has escaped from E*. When the crane rises, the ear C*,! the lever D® and descends by the gravita- Fig. 11.—Top View of Fig. 10. Figs. 12 and 13.—Orifices of Plugs- which is united with the flying piece, {tion of the system to resume its former rises also, and lifts up the lever D*.| position. Balance weights fastened on the This is connected by a rod, F*, with a lever, | shafts prevent the system descending too G*, fastened on the shaft A‘, which carries | quickly. two levers, B* and C*. This _ shaft, Producing a Jet of Spray (shown in A‘, by means of two levers united | Figs. 10 to 13).—As soon as the dismount- by a bar, governs a second shaft, H*,| ing crane R has laid a mold down on the D ae oe Ges ee He Ny ® ; ? 1 aa sy rr eo So : : S i - — SST s — a ee weal “ia oe _<“ ee 6 CRE SE A A BEES CREME A Bees 1B i. ear ae eo aad Ra eee alt = see * Sat ae at we we 82 THE IRON AGE. Suly 18, 1889 table 9 of the readjustment platform this apparatus, which is distinguished by the letter P; on Fig. 1 and the figures 17, 18, 19, 20, is placed upon a circular table con- centric with the readjustment platform O— | a table on which are placed the tools used by the workmen employed in the readjust- ment. When the frame has been laid down on 9 the workman takes up the | apparatus P,, opens the cock R> and di- rects the jet of water which comes out | ordinary use. What is particular in their | distances from each other, eight frames employment is the system of suspension | intended to receive the parts of the box and of hooking in order to lift up the| which are to be united in one mold, and /boxes, and the mathematical precision | the molds to be cast. The eight frames, with which they transport the molds from | 17 to 24, in times of bolting or stoppage, one turning-platform to another without | are always in the position indicated in requiring from the workmen sustained at- | Figs. 1, 3, 4, 5, 7 A cam-wheel, U, tention. At the end of the jib there is a| driven by the movement U', turns in the beam carrying an iron piece, having at | direction of the arrow the turning-platform, its extremities two suspended arms, which | which stops at every one-eighth of a revo- serve to take hold of the trunnions of the| lution. A lever for throwing out of gear Fig. 14.—Details of Fig. 9. upon all parts of the mold to be moistened. The small table T* of the cock R*® com- municates by pipes with a reservoir of air subjected to aslight pressure by an air pump, M', Fig. 1. As soon as the cock R? is opened, the compressed air passing through the small tube U* descends into the box V*, which is filled with water, and, acting on the surface of the liquid, makes it rise through the tube X*, which ends in a small tube pierced by a very small hole. In issuing from this small | Fig. 15,—Section of Top of Fig. 8. molding boxes in order to raise them, and | U?, moved by hand, allows of the platform especialiy, so far as concerns the crane R, | being turned at pleasure, and consequently to take hold of the system of levers placed | displacing the tables. The point T' above the tables, and intended to operate |ought to be always free and ready to in a correct manner in the disengagement of the mold. These suspended arms can, by means of a system of jointed beams, according as it is wanted, be either done together or separately, so as to either take up the boxes cr lay them down. Turning-Platform, Fastening the Boxes, receive the molds to be united. As soon as this union is effected, the workman acts on the gearing lever U? and makes the platform advance one division. At the point 19 is placed a cast trame, T T, of a fixed weight, intended to effect the closure of the two parts of the box forming the and Casting.—When the mold which has | mold, and thus to hinder any escape of hole the water comes into contact with the compressed air, which circulates round the pipe X* after it has passed through the orifices of the plugs Z* and Z*‘, and, following the hemispherical partitions, the spout S° splits up the water which it throwsout withit. The water, thus reduced to a spray, allows the charcoal dust to attach itself to the surface of the mold and make it sufficiently smooth. Management or the Molds.—The dif- ferent arrangements for the transport of the empty boxes and the molds are effected by hydraulic jib cranes Q R R! R®. Their construction does not differ from that in Fig. 17.—Detail of Turning-Table. been placed on table 9 reaches the point|the metal at the moment of casting. 16, the hydraulic crane R', resembling the} This frame T T, although occupying a crane R, takes up the first or under part of | fixed position, may at pleasure, in accord- the mold and deposits it on a hollow plate, | ance with what is wanted, be raised or 17, perfectly adjusted and fixed on the} lowered, enlarged or contracted, by means turning-platform 8. While this operation | of a system of levers governed by the hand- is goning on, another mold has reached | wheel T! (shown in detail in Fig. 18); be- the point 16. The same crane takes up | low this frame T T all the molds stop, each afresh the second part of the mold—the|in turn, to be cast. When the mold ar- upper part. The workman gives the|rives at the point 19 it is just below this mold a half turn, and places it on the lower | frame. At this moment the workman acts part. These two parts, put one on the|on the wheel, which makes the frame de- other, form the first mold to be cast. The|scend upon the mold to be cast and gives | turning-platform S$ resembles the turning] it the necessary pressure. As soon as the | platform N, on which are fixed, at equal ! operation of fastening is ended, he pro- July 18, 1889 THE IRON ceeds immediately to pour the metal into the mold. When the casting is made the workman acts anew on the hand-wheel in the contrary direction and makes the frame | T T ascend. As soon as this operation is consequently makes each table advance in AGE. 83 tramway 31 to the dressing house. When the pieces have been removed, another | the direction of the arrow by this eighth | |of a revolution, carrying the forming-table 1 to 2, and thus bringing all the tables into the position where the operation recom- werkman spreads the sand, waters it by means of the apparatus X' (shown in the detail drawings Figs. 19 and 20) placed Fig. 16.—Elevation Showing Turning-Table and Connections finished he causes the turning-platform to advance and secures another molding-box under the frame. The cast mold is then taken on to the point 2: oe SS S997 S94 Fig. 18.—Section Showing Turning Apparatus and Levers. Emptying the Molding-Boxes.—The hy- | draulic-crane R? takes away the molding- | box from the turning-platform at 23 and deposits it on the turning-platform X at; 25. As soon as this has been deposited, and while the crane is returning to take another box, a workman has caused the turning-platform X to make in the direc- tion of the arrow a quarter of a revolution, which brings the box to be emptied from 25 to 26. This turning-platform, at a time of stoppage, is always in the position indi- cated on Fig. 1, and the four divisions, 25 to 28, indicate the position of the boxes. The boxes thus transported rest on four supports, which keep those to be emptied from the grating. ‘These same supports serve as cushions to two shafts provided with hooks intended to catch the cross- bars, which are found in the lower part of the box. An empty space between the lower part of the box and the top of the grating permits the working of these shafts furnished with hooks. The turning-platform X, serving for the clear- ing out of the molding boxes, is furnished on the surface with cast gratings, forming open squares, sufficiently small to prevent small pieces of castings passing through, but large enough to allow the sand to go through easily. The box having arrived at the point 26, the movable bars of the upper part of the box are taken out one by one by hand, by means of a special hook, and the six bars in the lower box are grasped all at once by the hooks on the two shafts. As soon as this operation is finished, the hydraulic crane R* takes away both parts of the box empty, and deposits them on the table D®, leaving on the turn- ing-platform the cross-bars, the sand and the castings produced. At this point a small hydraulic crane takes up the casting boxes as fast as they present themselves, and places them with mathematical pre- cision upon the formative parts at the| point 1. As soon as this part of the cast- ing-box is in place, the turning-platform N, by means of the gearing apparatus L, produces one-eighth of a revolution, and | W = = SSS os \ ie at ae E{) Ly RL mences. The movable cross-bars are taken away and placed ona little wagon, which carries them by the tram line 29 to 30 nearer the table4 of the turning-platform | throws it above the apparatus A!, N, to be replaced in the boxes that are to be used again for fresh molds. As soon as | | the movable cross-bars and empty boxes | are taken away, the workman gives the! platform X another one-fourth turn, and it arrives at the point 27. At this point the castings are taken off and put into a car, by which they are taken over the above it, and passes it through the grat- ing. The same operations are continued while the work goes on. Breaking up and Transporting the Sand. —The sand coming from the molding- boxes is brokem up on the grating on the platform and falls into a larger hopper, Y, the same diameter as the platform, under which is a vertical mixer intended to crush and mix the sand. The sand thus mixed falls on a turning-plate, which carries it off and throws it on to an endless band, which, in its turn, carries it up and As this band, during its return, draws with it a certain amount of fine sand attached to its surface, it is cleared of this sand as soon as it quits the apparatus A’ by means of a system of levers Y', moved by two cams, which shake the band so as to make this fine saud fall, and it is utilized in the preparation of the special sand for facing the molds. When the sand reaches the apparatus A’ it falls on the first sieve, above which there is a rubber which makes the sand pass through the sieve, while it | Fig. 19.—Side View of Sand-Watering Apparatus. Fig. 20.—End View. rejects the fragments of castings and other foreign bodies which the sand may contain. Preparation of the Sand.—As the clear- ing out takes place immediately after <= 7 te 2 = ay ‘pera Fy . = oe 7 Oe ee ee ee eee ee A MON AL Oa ne ETRE A AE I el RST! a - a Se am ee as MBE eee a @eia ote 0) 6 temps ies SBD 2 BES PEM CEE 3:38 BE CEASE AG Pkiesw) 18 4: 84 THE IRON AGE. July 18, 1889 the casting,*it follows that the sand when it reaches the apparatus A! is still hot, and in this state it cannot be used for molding. It is necessary, therefore, to cool it. This object is attained by making the sand fall after it has been previously washed, as has been stated in describing the emptying of the molding-boxes, and it is then con- ducted by the inclined band Z' to the cooling apparatus A'. This sand is obliged to pass successively through several metal- lic gauze sieves and to become ventilator, D®, placed below these sieves constantly supplies cool air, which, passing across the sand, cools it through the double action of the current of air coming from the ventilator and the vaporization produced by the heat of the sand. It should be remarked that the principle of cooling by the vaporization produced by an active current of air was here applied for the first time to sand heated by metal castings. The sand thus cooled falls into a hopper under which is a vertical mixer, B', used to produce a perfect mixture of the sand. This vertical mixer consists of a cast-iron cylinder, in the center of which is a shaft furnished with wings intended to produce a perfect mixture of the cooled sand. The present set of machinery turns out finished castings of a very high de- scription of from 5000 to 6000 kg. per day. The works are producing 100,000 stoves and cooking ranges of various kinds per annum, and they have appliances capable of increasing that number to 150,000. a New Steel-Works at San Francisco. Relative to the new steel plant an- nounced to be shortly erected at San Fran- cisco, the Mining and Scientific Press of that city savs : The Anglo Pacific Stee] Company were organized some time since, but have done nothing toward building the pro posed works here, until 1ecently. The projector has now secured a location at Vallejo, opposite Mare Island, the city having given 100 lots and more having been purchased. The land is given con- ditional to the works being established. A tract of 350 acres has been secured, southwest of Vallejo, with a water front- age of 4000 feet. Mr. Hammond, the pr ojector, Says: ‘*“We expect to begin within two months, and have a portion of the plant in operation by the last of the year. The first struct- ures erected will be four main buildings, entirely of iron, 64 x 500 feet in area. A number of other buildings, as store-houses, offices, &c., will also be built. The total investment, including plant aad material, will amount to about $1,000,000. When the works are fully in operation we will employ about 1000 men. We have al- ready engaged a number of the principal | ¢ ones 1n the East. We will hire what labor we can on the coast and will bring the rest from the East. This number of men, with their families and others who will be drawn to the place indirectly, will make preparations quite a city on the start. The new town | of Sheffield will be regularly laid out in blocks 250 x 500 feet, with avenues 60 and 70 feet in width. The company will build houses to rent to the workmen as fast as needed, and we intend to build school- houses, a church, a library building and other improvements for the benefit of the community. Railroad tracks, running into our works and to our wharves, will be built, connecting with the Southern Pa- cific road which runs through Vallejo. There is a very active demand for steel manufactures on the coast now, and the demand will continue. From another source we learn that the | 8 per cent. dividends upon an investment | purpose of this company is to manufact-| of nearly $400, 000. sifted. A} | The wheel revolves at a surface speed of will probably | for vessels and other articles. pany is largely composed of the English The com- ‘apitalists who also control the Moss Bay Coal and Iron Company, in Washington Territory, where smelting-works will be erected. This enterprise anticipates the plans of the managers of the Union Iron Works, who have been discussing the feasibility of adding steel mills to their already huge plant at South San Francisco. — A ————— —— The Newman Emery-Planer. This machine is designed for the rapid erinding of flat surfaces, in addition to the comparatively easy task of grinding edges. about 5500 feet per minute, and has in addi- tion a to-and-fro traverse motion across the work. which is at the same time fed under it by the usual devices of a planer-bed. The result of this compound motion is| tus, and in a recent conversation its presi- dent said that they did not know what electrical repairs meant, as they had had none to make. In some respects the Des Moines road has been the most wonderful in results of any electrically equipped road ; it having at its power-station but one 80 horse-power generator, which operates eight cars over grades running as high as 10 per cent., without indications of over- heating, and frequently tow-cars are used with those equipped with motors. On one branch of the system the necessity of speedy equipment compelled the use of a No. 2 copper-wire without teeders, such wire being the only available material; yet with this small conductor the cars are run at a rate of six miles per hour up a 10 per cent. grade three miles distant from the station. The Omaha and Council Bluffs Railway and Bridge Company are progressing rapid- ly with “the electrical equipment of the that the emery-wheel cuts with great | freedom and rapidity. It is claimed that THE NEWMAN this wheel will take a cut 4 inch deep, and that it has been made to take a cut 54 inch deep over a surface of 100 square inches in six minutes and nine seconds. The frame of the machine is in one solid | casting, which adds greatly to the rigidity of the tool and increases the accuracy of the work performed by it. This mac chine is made by the Tanite Company, of Stroudsburg, Pa. a oni - Notes on Electric Railways Using Thomson- Houston System. The popularity of electric railways is evidenced by the recent purchase of the Des Moines Broad-Gauge Railway, equipped with the Thomson-Houston system, by a wealthy Chicago syndicate, the purchas- ing price being $350,000, some three times the original cost of the road. equipped with horses this road did not pay operating expenses, but since its equip- ment and operation under the Thomson- | | Houston system its net earnings will pay The road has never| ure steel rails, steel plates, beams, shafts | had a repair-shop for its electrical appara- When | recently purchased horse-car lines in Coun- cil Bluffs. For the operation of such lines EMERY-PLANER. they have purchased ten additional motor- trucks and two generators from the Thom- son-Houston Company. The Omaha Motor Railway Company is nearly ready to be put in operation with the Thomson-Housten electric system. The largest power-station which has yet been constructed for electric railway operation is owned by this company, and the car equipment ranks second in quantity among electric railways yet constructed, it hav- | ing 26 motor-cars, all of which will be used ito tow at least one additional car, and many of the motor-cars will tow two addi- tional cars. The success of the Thomson- Houston system on the Omaha and Council Bluffs line has made the citizens of Omaha jubilant at the immediate prospect of such rapid transit being given them over their entire city. In addition to the equipment ready to be put in the company intend to add 20 additional motor-cars upon the ex- tensions of their system within a few months. TT Four new lake vessels, one of them the largest steel ship ever put into water from a Cleveland ship-yard, were launched last week. July 18, 1889 Treatment of Steel by Hydraulic Pressure. At the twenty-fourth ordinary meeting | of the Institution of Civil Engineers of | England a paper was read on the ‘‘ Treat- ment of Steel by Hydraulic Pressure and the Plant Employed for the Purpose,” by William Henry Greenwood. In this paper attention was directed to the presence of | blow-holes in steel ingots, also to their | origin and to the various methods proposed for the production of sound ingots, but the author treated more especially of the advantages and the development of fluid compression as shown in the plant and 10,000-ton press erected by him at the Abouchoff Works, St. Petersburg. It was assumed that molten Bessemer, open-hearth or crucible steel possessed the quality of occluding a considerable volume of gases, especially of hydrogen and nitrogen, derived all or in part from the products of combustion in the furnace, or from other sources, and that under ordinary conditions as to pressure such occluded gases were more or less com- pletely evolved at the moment when the particles of metal changed from the liquid to thesolid state, and were thus imprisoned within the ingot in the form of bubbles of various forms and dimensions. A second source of unsoundness arose from the con- traction of the metal within the ingot after its outer skin had solidified, produc- ing contraction cavities, and lastly, the metal from ingots as usually cast was weak along the surface, owing to the develop- ment of a radial acicular structure in the cast metal. The combined effect of these three causes was that ingots of mild steel, such as were used in the construction of ordnance, large engine shafts, or other heavy forgings, for cylinder liners, tor- pedoes and war material, contained cavities necessitating the rejection of about 30 percent. from the head or top end of each ingot; while to get rid of the surface honeycombs and weak acicular structure, which caused unclean, seamy and roaky forgings, an additional 10 per cent. to 20 per cent. of metal had to be left for turn- ing and machining to waste. Even after these losses of material, the remaining metal was inferior to the same metal after fluid compression. The method of fluid compression claimed, then, to save the whole of the rejected head or top of the ingot, toreduce to a minimum the amount of metal to be left for turning or machining from the surface of forgings, and to pro- duce for any temper of metal a greater amount of ductility, homogeneity, and reliability than was obtainable under the best conditions of casting in open molds | without pressure. The additions of in- creased proportions of manganese and of silicon did not commend themselves to the author for the classes of steel under con- sideration ; for although promoting solidity of the ingot they hardened, raised the elastic limit and ultimate tensile strength, but lowered the ductility and general reliability of the metal. Of the mechanical devices for increasing the solidity of steel ingots the author noted the proposals for the cooling of the outside of the molds, for agitating the metal during solidification, casting the | metal in a vacuum, and the direct appli- cation of pressure, by the use of high- pressure steam, injection of water, of ex- plosives, of solid carbon dioxide, &c., upon the surface of the fluid steel in closed molds, These methods of fluid compres- sion had all failed from mechanical, phys- ical and practical difficulties in their con- duct; and the plan suggested by Sir Henry Bessemer in 1856, but quite inde- pendently developed and carried to a suc- | surface of the fluid metal; but such molds | tected by a coating of refractory silicious ' the ingot fitted in the bottom of the mold. | disposed that by the movement of a lever ;and a system of links the halves of the | the steel mold already described, and the ;}automatic than that last described, the | square screw-thread, and the locking nuts | of the press, while the locking of the mov- able head at any desired hight, according THE IRON AGE. 85 remained the only one before the public which yielded ingots of mild steel of prac- tically uniform molecular _ structure, strength and ductility throughout their whole length. The ordinary cast-iron molds or wrought-iron casings, lined with brick or molding cement, could not be used when aggregate pressures of thou- | sands of tons were to be exerted upon the | | | were replaced in the fluid-compression process by built-up steel molds, lined with suitably-grooved cast-iron lags, pro- material. A loose plate of the diameter of and was protected by an upper covering of burnt fire-clay segments, and a similar plate was carried upon the top plunger of the press for closing the top of the mold. The paper traced the development of the hydraulic press for the fluid compression of steel, commencing with the erection in 1866, in the works of Sir Joseph Whit- | worth & Co., of a 250-ton press, with a 12-inch cylinder, designed more especially for the compression of the metal for steel shells. In this the mold, which was par- tially filled with metal, was carried in a middle head of the press, whereupon a core, carried upon the top head of the press, was forced into the fluid metal, at the 'same time closing the mouth of the mold. After this the pressure was applied from below, as in all subsequent presses. Fol- lowing this came a much more useful 2000-ton press, with two columns and 30- inch hydraulic cylinder. Its columns were secured by nuts to the base or foun- dation, and upon the upper ends of the columns was carried a fixed head, upon which rested a vertical hydraulic cylinder, whose piston-rod was connected to the intermediate or movable head. The in- termediate head could thus be raised to any point, and then locked so as to resist the application of pressure from below. The locking arrangement consisted of a pair of nuts, each made in halves, and so nuts could be either brought together or separated. When separated the head was free to move, but when closed the nuts embraced the columns and fitted into a series of parallel, slightly undercut V-grooves, which were cut as a thread along the upper halves of the length of the col- | umns. In this manner the head was} locked or secured against vertical move- ment under the action of the bottom or pressing cylinder. The metal was cast in further movements and action of this press | were similar to those of the larger Abou- choff press already referred to. The next | press, also erected at Manchester, had four | steel columns 12 inches in diamete